CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK & PARADIGM
Think to yourself
WHAT IS A
RESEARCH
FRAMEWORK?
Talk to your neighbor
ASK YOUR
SEATMATE TO GIVE
YOU AN EXAMPLE
OF A RESEARCH
FRAMEWORK
Share with the Class
SHARE WHAT YOU
UNDERSTAND
ABOUT
FRAMEWORKS
Today's lesson will help you:
craft
conceptual
to define framework understand
conceptual the essence
framework of CF
schematic diagram
A drawing that shows significant
components, parts, or tasks (with
their connections) of a circuit,
device, flow, process, or project
by any means of standard
symbols.
lets build this!
assign your
create the tallest group leader
timer
structure using only one
builders
bond paper for 5minutes
presentors
present the structure to checkers
other teams
rate it!
lets present it!
are you each group will present their
process and final work for 1 minute.
ready? state what is your design’s
weakness and strength
listen to the feedback after
answer this
lets 1. How did you come up with your
review structure.
2. What do you think were the reasons
ourselves why you came up with the strength of
your structure? how about the
weaknesses?
answer this
lets 3. What could be the relationship
review of this activity to your research?
ourselves 4. How do you understand
conceptual framework now.
answer this
lets 5. what do you think is the purpose of
review this conceptual framework in the
ourselves research?
6. how does it clarify the relationships
of each variable in the research
framework
A framework is similar to a skeleton; it is a
basic structure or a frame of reference
(Webster, 2026)
a skeleton gives shape, form and strength
to the body so it can stand erect.
research framework
illustrates the structure or blueprint of the
research plan and helps the researcher
formulate relevant research questions.
research framework
The framework consists of the key concepts
and assumes relationships of the research
project. It is normally used as a guide for
researchers so that they are more focused on
the scope of their studies.
research framework
It can be presented using visual (diagrams,
chart, etc.) and narrative (paragraph stating the
concepts and relationships of the study)
forms.
conceptual
frameworks
conceptual framework
a conceptual framework
refers to the actual ideas, beliefs, and
tentative theories that specifically support
the study.
It is primarily a conception or model of what
is out there that the researcher plans to
study.
Guidelines and strategies in choosing and developing a
Research Framework
Refer to your research questions or objectives to identify the
essential themes in your study. Look for additional theories that
involve the same principle and see how they relate to one another.
Make a concept map of your conceptual framework, utilizing the
existing theories as a reference. If there are topics which are not
included in the theories you have chosen and you know that it is
essential to your study, you can include it.
Guidelines and strategies in choosing and developing a
Research Framework
You have to make a written explanation on the concepts
that are being incorporated and their impact to one
another after you have made the first draft of your
conceptual framework. Moreover, you have to revisit
your research questions and conceptual framework if
they are aligned.
Guidelines and strategies in choosing and developing a
Research Framework
It is important to remember that developing a conceptual
framework is a process. This means that as you study
more material and research more theories, it may still be
refined or updated. The research hypothesis may be
stated at the end of the conceptual framework in some
situations.
concept map
A concept map is a visual representation of
information that helps show the relationship
between ideas. Concept maps begin with the
main topic and then branch out into sub-
topics, reflecting the connection of all the
elements in the study. It can also provide and
organize new ideas.
concept map
It is composed of different figures such as
lines, circles, boxes, and other marks or
symbols which represent the elements of your
research. It can take the form of charts,
graphic organizers, tables, flowcharts, Venn
Diagrams, timelines, or T-charts. Concept map
arranges related ideas in a hierarchy.
concept map
You start broad, and the sub-topics will get
more and more specific. It also helps you in
formulating a specific topic from the general
or the main idea with significant connections
of information. In other words, understanding
the big picture makes the details more
significant and easier to comprehend.
concept map
Concept maps are very useful for researchers
and readers who understand better visually.
With the proper connection of lines and linking
arrows to shapes and other symbols
representing your concepts about the
research, the readers can visualize a
comprehensive picture of your study
models
Independent Variable - Dependent Variable
Model (IV-DV)
The Input – Process - Output Model (IPO
Independent Variable - Dependent Variable Model (IV-DV
This conceptual framework shows the independent
and dependent variables of the study. It is presumed
that the more number of hours a student prepares
for the exam, the higher would be the expected
academic performance.
Independent Variable - Dependent Variable Model (IV-DV
Independent Variable - Dependent Variable Model (IV-DV
Research Title: Effect of Mentoring Program on
Academic Performance among Senior High School
Students
Independent Variable - Dependent Variable Model (IV-DV
Independent Variable - Dependent Variable Model (IV-DV
Independent Variable - Dependent Variable Model (IV-DV
In this conceptual framework, it is expected
that the students who underwent the
mentoring program will have better academic
performance than those who did not.
The Input – Process - Output Model (IPO)
The Input-Process-Output Model (IPO) is a conceptual paradigm
which indicates the inputs, required process, and the output. This
approach is seated on the premise of acquiring essential information
by converting inputs into outputs through the required processing
steps in obtaining the result. The IPO Model is also referred to as a
functional model that is usually used in action research where an
intervention or solution is necessary to solve the identified problem
The Input – Process - Output Model (IPO)
The Input is usually the independent variable of the study.
Meanwhile, the Process is the intervention or solution consist
of the instruments and analyses used to acquire the result.
Lastly, the Output is the findings or outcome of the
interventions being made to solve the identified problem.
The Input – Process - Output Model (IPO)
largely used when the research studies
attempt to isolate the factor or major variable
that causes the problem, subject or
phenomenon under investigation.
The Input – Process - Output Model (IPO)
The Input – Process - Output Model (IPO)
Research Title:
Awareness on the Safety Precaution against COVID 19
among the Senior Citizens who are living in the Home Care
Facilities: Basis for a Proposed Intervention Program
The Input – Process - Output Model (IPO)
The Input – Process - Output Model (IPO)
The Input – Process - Output Model (IPO)
In this conceptual framework, the input is the baseline
information about the respondents. Necessary steps and
procedures are to be implemented to obtain the vital data as a
result and findings of the research. Furthermore, these findings
will be the basis for a proposed intervention program as the
output of the study
Elements/Factors
1. Health Care Facilities
2. Work Experience of the Medical Team
3. Medical intervention
4. Social Status of the Patient
5. Number of Patients Recovered from Pneumonia
6. Immune System of the Patient
7. Patient’s Employment
In this conceptual framework, there are
assumed moderating variables that are taken
into consideration that somehow influence the
relationship between the independent and the
dependent variable. They can affect the
strength of the connection of the variables.
Elements/Factors
1. Organizational Performance
2. Total Number of Employees
3. Clients’ Loyalty
4. Corporate Social Responsibility
5. Employee’s Dedication
6. Administrative Commitment
7. Corporate Business Location
8. Type of Business
In this conceptual framework, there are
assumed moderating variables that are taken
into consideration that somehow can affect the
relationship of the independent variable to the
dependent variable. Hence, they would
potentially influence the dependent variable.
Give three (3) possible research titles that would reflect on the given variables.
spot the
variable
part 1-HUMSS
Research Title:
"The Impact of Social Media Usage on
Academic Performance and Social
Behavior of Senior High School Students"
part 1-HUMSS
The framework examines the relationship between social
media usage (measured by time spent, type of platforms
used, and purpose) and its effects on academic performance
(grades, study habits) and social behavior (interaction with
peers, self-esteem, and communication skills).
part 1-HUMSS
Variables:
Independent Variable: Social Media Usage (time, platform,
purpose)
Dependent Variables: Academic Performance, Social
Behavior
part 1-HUMSS
Variables:
Independent Variable: Social Media Usage (time, platform,
purpose)
Dependent Variables: Academic Performance, Social
Behavior
TVL - Electrical Installation and Maintenance
Research Title:
"The Effectiveness of Different Wire
Insulation Materials in Reducing
Household Electrical Hazards"
TVL - Electrical Installation and Maintenance
Conceptual Framework:
This framework studies how the type of insulation
material (e.g., PVC, rubber, Teflon) used in household
wiring systems impacts electrical safety (measured by
reduction in electrical faults, fires, and accidents).
TVL - Electrical Installation and Maintenance
Variables:
Independent Variable: Insulation Material Type (PVC,
rubber, Teflon)
Dependent Variable: Electrical Safety (fault rate, accident
occurrence)
TVL - Beauty Care
Research Title:
"Customer Satisfaction of Facial Skin Care
Treatments Using Different Organic
Products in Beauty Salons"
TVL - Beauty Care
Conceptual Framework:
The framework explores how different organic facial
skincare products (e.g., aloe vera, coconut oil, green tea
extract) affect customer satisfaction (measured by
treatment effectiveness, skin improvement, and overall
satisfaction).
TVL - Beauty Care
Variables:
Independent Variable: Organic Skincare Products (aloe
vera, coconut oil, green tea)
Dependent Variable: Customer Satisfaction
(effectiveness, improvement, satisfaction)
TVL - Cookery
Research Title:
"The Effect of Cooking Techniques on
Food Nutritional Value and Customer
Satisfaction in Local Restaurants"
TVL - Cookery
Conceptual Framework:
This framework investigates the relationship between cooking techniques (e.g.,
frying, steaming, grilling, baking) and their impact on food nutritional value (measured
through calorie content, vitamin retention, etc.) and customer satisfaction (measured
by surveys on taste, presentation, and overall dining experience).
The conceptual framework focuses on how different cooking methods influence both
the health value of the food and the perceived satisfaction of customers, thereby making
it relevant to TVL-Cookery students studying professional culinary practices.
TVL - Cookery
Variables:
Independent Variable: Cooking Techniques (frying,
steaming, grilling, baking)
Dependent Variables: Food Nutritional Value, Customer
Satisfaction
