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Louis(Auth.)
Frontier Naturalist Jean Louis Berlandier and the
Exploration of Northern Mexico and Texas Russell M.
Lawson Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Russell M. Lawson
ISBN(s): 9780826352170, 0826352170
Edition: Illustrated
File Details: PDF, 3.22 MB
Year: 2012
Language: english
Frontier Naturalist
Frontier Naturalist
Jean Louis Berlandier and the
Exploration of Northern Mexico and Texas

RUSSELL M. LAWSON

University of New Mexico Press Albuquerque


© 2012 by the University of New Mexico Press
All rights reserved. Published 2012
Printed in the United States of America
17 16 15 14 13 12 1 2 3 4 5 6

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS HAS CATALOGED THE PRINTED EDITION AS


FOLLOWS:

Lawson, Russell M., 1957–


Frontier naturalist : Jean Louis Berlandier and the exploration of northern Mexico
and Texas / Russell M. Lawson.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8263-5217-0 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8263-5219-4 (electronic),
1. Mexico, North—Description and travel. 2. Texas, South—Description and travel.
3. Berlandier, Jean Louis, d. 1851—Travel. 4. Natural history—Mexico, North.
5. Natural history—Texas, South. 6. Scientific expeditions—Mexico, North—
History—19th century. 7. Scientific expeditions—Texas, South—History—19th century.
8. Naturalists—France—Biography. 9. Explorers—Mexico, North—Biography.
10. Explorers—Texas, South—Biography. I. Title.
F1314.L39 2012
508.72—dc23
2012018873

Cover image: Map depicting battle against Isidro Barradas in vicinity of


Tampico, Mexico, in 1829. Copied from the original by Lt. Charles N. Hagner,
Topographical Engineers. Library of Congress.
For Pooh, again.
Contents

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Introduction

CHAPTER ONE

Savant of Matamoros

CHAPTER TWO

Lock of the Rhône

CHAPTER THREE

Río Pánuco

CHAPTER FOUR

The Arms of God

CHAPTER FIVE

River of the Comanches

CHAPTER SIX

Father of Waters

CHAPTER SEVEN

Waters of the High Sierra

CHAPTER EIGHT

Río Bravo del Norte


CHAPTER NINE

River of Death

Appendix One
Fauna and Flora Named for Jean Louis Berlandier

Appendix Two
Chronology of the Journeys of Jean Louis Berlandier

Notes

Sources Consulted

Index
Acknowledgments

I wish to express my thanks to many institutions for support and to individuals for help during
the writing of this book. I appreciate the financial assistance of the professional development
fund and the support of the administration at Bacone College. I received assistance from
archivists and librarians at Gilcrease Museum, Beinecke Library at Yale University, Gray
Herbarium at Harvard University, Old Colony Historical Society, Smithsonian Institution
Archives, Ewell Sale Stewart Library and Archives at the Academy of Natural Sciences in
Philadelphia, and Bacone College.
Thanks also to several anonymous readers who provided helpful criticisms about the
manuscript; staff members of the University of New Mexico Press, past and present, such as
Luther Wilson, W. Clark Whitehorn, Elise McHugh, and Felicia Cedillos; and copyeditor Lisa
Williams.
I wish to thank my son, Benjamin A. Lawson, a PhD candidate in history at the University
of Iowa, for drawing the map of Berlandier’s travels. My wife, Linda Lawson, read a draft of
the manuscript and provided helpful suggestions. This book is dedicated to her.
Abbreviations

Jean Louis Berlandier Papers. Yale Collection of Western


BRBML
Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.

Digital images from the Jean Louis Berlandier Papers,


DIBL Beinecke Library, Yale University:http://hdl.handle.net/
10079/fa/beinecke.berlandi.

Papers of Jean Louis Berlandier, Archives, Gray Herbarium


GHA
Library, Harvard University.

SIA Smithsonian Institution Archives.

Smithsonian Institution Archives, Record Unit 7052,


SIAJLB
Jean Louis Berlandier Papers.
Introduction

This is a story of discovery. the setting is a land of extremes: in temperature, the heat of the
terra caliente and the cold of the Sierras; in moisture, the arid lands of the Mexican Plateau
and the humidity of the lowlands near the sea; in elevation, ranging from 10,000 feet in the
mountains to sea level along coastal waters; in nature, peaceful and calm on summer evenings
along parajes, camping places next to ponds and rivers, and violent and terrifying when storms
from the northern plains roll across the plains to the south and east. This is a story about
discoverers: inquisitive, courageous people of constancy and perseverance. Featured are a
Frenchman educated in Geneva living in Mexico; an American scientist and soldier, veteran of
the Mexican War; Mexican scientists and soldiers; Tejano settlers and American filibusters;
and indigenous hunters, warriors, and guides. The northern Mexican and southern Texas
frontiers from 1826 to 1853, the chronological boundaries of this narrative, were under
contention by different peoples: Comanches and Lipan Apaches, squatters and colonists from
the United States, and mestizo settlers from south of the Río Bravo del Norte—the Rio Grande.
Among all of these peoples were those who are never content with what is and who one is,
who seek to go beyond what is known to what can be known, who are restless to find and,
having found, to find again. Discoverers typically have motives that include wealth, glory, and
knowledge. The discoverers portrayed herein were of the latter sort, wanting to know for the
sake of knowing; to extend themselves outward, restlessly, into the natural environment; to
contribute to a broadening of institutional knowledge in libraries, museums, institutes, and
associations. Beyond these lofty goals, on the trail discoverers sought to take the best paths to
go from here to there, to ensure water to drink, food to eat, shelter from the elements, and
protection from enemies.
The spring of 1828 was a particularly wet one on the northern Mexican frontier. The varied
people who inhabited the rivers of Texas, particularly the Colorado, Brazos, and Trinity, had
rarely seen the waters rise so high, making tall oaks seem like huge bushes floating on the
surface. Freshets inundated entire valleys, destroying crops and farms, impoverishing people
already desperately poor. Old Spanish roads that traversed the land from San Antonio de
Béxar to Nacogdoches were washed out in some places and soggy, sticky clay in others. Only a
fool would travel this way except through utter necessity, and the only travel that made any
sense was by mule or on horseback. And yet, to the astonishment of the Tejanos, the Mexicans
of the gulf plain of Texas, during April, May, and June of that year a large caravan of soldiers,
who did not appear quite like typical Mexican soldiers, sloshed, splattered, and cursed their
way along the caminos of Texas. What was unusual about this group of soldiers was their
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Education - Learning Objectives
Third 2023 - Division

Prepared by: Instructor Brown


Date: July 28, 2025

Practice 1: Fundamental concepts and principles


Learning Objective 1: Research findings and conclusions
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 1: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 2: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Learning Objective 3: Best practices and recommendations
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 3: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 4: Literature review and discussion
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 5: Ethical considerations and implications
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 5: Research findings and conclusions
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Experimental procedures and results
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 8: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Key terms and definitions
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Appendix 2: Critical analysis and evaluation
Important: Literature review and discussion
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 11: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Ethical considerations and implications
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 13: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Research findings and conclusions
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Historical development and evolution
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 16: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 16: Ethical considerations and implications
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Key terms and definitions
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Literature review and discussion
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Background 3: Learning outcomes and objectives
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Key terms and definitions
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 22: Research findings and conclusions
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Current trends and future directions
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Literature review and discussion
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 27: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Literature review and discussion
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Historical development and evolution
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Review 4: Case studies and real-world applications
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 32: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Research findings and conclusions
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 34: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 35: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Experimental procedures and results
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 37: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Test 5: Experimental procedures and results
Example 40: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 42: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Literature review and discussion
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Case studies and real-world applications
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Key terms and definitions
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Historical development and evolution
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Current trends and future directions
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 47: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 48: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 48: Experimental procedures and results
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Lesson 6: Historical development and evolution
Key Concept: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 51: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
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