Designation: A 426/A 426M – 08

Standard Specification for

Centrifugally Cast Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for High-
Temperature Service1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 426/A 426M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
Note—Table 1 was editorially corrected and the year date was changed on Feb. 4, 2008.
--```,,`,``````,,,,`,,,``,,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

1. Scope* E 94 Guide for Radiographic Examination

1.1 This specification2 covers centrifugally cast alloy steel E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
pipe intended for use in high-temperature, high-pressure ser- E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-
vice. in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings
1.2 Several grades of ferritic steels are covered. Their E 208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to
compositions are given in Table 1. Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic
1.3 Supplementary Requirements S1 through S12 are Steels
provided. The supplementary requirements provide for addi- E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to
tional tests of an optional nature and when desired shall be so 12-in. [114 to 305-mm]) Steel Castings
stated in the order (Section 4). E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [51 mm] in Thickness
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each 2.2 ANSI Standard:4
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must B46.1 Surface Texture
be used independently of each other. Combining values from 2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:5
the two systems may result in nonconformance with the Section IX Welding Qualifications
specification. 3. Ordering Information
2. Referenced Documents 3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3 the following, as required, to describe the desired material
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing adequately:
of Steel Products 3.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of lengths),
A 609/A 609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, 3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe),
and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination 3.1.3 Specification number,
Thereof 3.1.4 Grade (Table 1),
A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re- 3.1.5 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wall
lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys thickness),
A 999/A 999M Specification for General Requirements for 3.1.6 Length (specific or random) (Section on Permissible
Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Variations in Length of Specification A 999/A 999M),
3.1.7 End finish (Section on Ends of Specification A 999/
1
A 999M),
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.1.8 Optional Requirements S1 through S12 and Section
A01.18 on Castings. 14.1,
Current edition approved Feb. 4, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A 426/A 426M - 07.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
4
cation SA-426 in Section II of that Code. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
the ASTM website. www.asme.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

Copyright ASTM International 1

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Setal Engenharia Construcoes e Perfuracoes S.A./5941776001, User=Gome
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 02/25/2008 11:57:48 MST
 A 426/A 426M – 08
TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsA
Composition, %
Phos-
UNS Sulfur,
Grade Carbon Manganese phorus, Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Other
Number max
max
CP1 J12521 0.25 0.30- 0.040 0.045 0.10- ... 0.44-0.65 ...
max 0.80 0.50
CP2 J11547 0.10–0.20 0.30- 0.040 0.045 0.10- 0.50- 0.44-0.65 ...
0.61 0.50 0.81
CP5 J42045 0.20 0.30- 0.040 0.045 0.75 4.00- 0.45-0.65 ...
max 0.70 max 6.50
CP5b J51545 0.15 0.30- 0.040 0.045 1.00- 4.00- 0.45-0.65 ...
max 0.60 2.00 6.00
CP9 J82090 0.20 0.30- 0.040 0.045 0.25- 8.00- 0.90-1.20 ...
max 0.65 1.00 10.00
CP91 J84090 0.08–0.12 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.010 0.20–0.50 8.0–9.5 0.85–1.05† nickel, 0.40 max.;
columbium,
0.060–0.10;
nitrogen,
0.030–0.070;
vanadium,
0.18–0.25;
aluminum, 0.02
max.; titanium,
0.01 max;
zirconium, 0.01
max.
CP11 J12072 0.05–0.20 0.30- 0.040 0.045 0.60 1.00- 0.44-0.65 ...
0.80 max 1.50
CP12 J11562 0.05–0.15 0.30- 0.040 0.045 0.50 0.80- 0.44-0.65 ...
0.61 max 1.25
CP15 J11522 0.15 0.30- 0.040 0.045 0.15- ... 0.44-0.65 ...
max 0.60 1.65
CP21 J31545 0.05–0.15 0.30- 0.040 0.045 0.50 2.65- 0.80-1.06 ...
0.60 max 3.35
CP22 J21890 0.05–0.15 0.30- 0.040 0.045 0.60 2.00- 0.90-1.20 ...
0.70 max 2.75
CPCA15 J91150 0.15 1.00 0.040 0.040 1.50 11.5- 0.50 max ...
max max max 14.0
A
Where ellipses appear in this table there is no requirement.
† Editorially corrected.

3.1.9 Test report required (Section on Certified Test Report 5.1.1 Heat treatment shall be performed after the pipe has
of Specification A 999/A 999M), been allowed to cool below the transformation range. Defini-
3.1.10 Service temperature if over 1000°F [540°C] (Note 1), tion of heat-treatment terms shall be as given in Terminology
and A 941.
3.1.11 Special requirements or additions to specification. NOTE 1—Except for Grade CP91, it is recommended that the tempera-
ture for tempering should be at least 100°F [55°C] above the intended
4. General Requirements for Delivery service temperature. The purchaser shall advise the manufacturer of the
service temperature when it is over 1000°F [540°C].
4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con- 5.2 Machining—The pipe shall be machined on the inner
form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of and outer surfaces to a roughness value no greater than 250 µ
Specification A 999/A 999M unless otherwise provided herein. in. [6.35 µm] arithmetical average deviation (AA) from the
mean line unless otherwise specified as in ANSI B46.1.
5. Materials and Manufacture
6. Chemical Analysis
5.1 Heat-Treatment—The pipe shall be furnished in the
normalized and tempered or liquid-quenched and tempered 6.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall be made
condition (Note 1). The temperature for tempering shall not be by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of elements
less than 1250°F [675°C] except for Grades CP1, CP2, CP11, specified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made on a test
CP12, and CP15 for which the temperature for tempering shall sample taken preferable during the pouring of the heat. The
not be less than 1100°F [595°C]. Grade CP91 shall be chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the
normalized at 1900 – 1975 °F (1040 – 1080 °C) and tempered requirements specified in Table 1 (Note 2).
at 1350 – 1470 °F (730 – 800 °C). NOTE 2—The role of alloying elements in the development of Grade

--```,,`,``````,,,,`,,,``,,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International 2

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Setal Engenharia Construcoes e Perfuracoes S.A./5941776001, User=Gome
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 02/25/2008 11:57:48 MST
 A 426/A 426M – 08
CP91 has been extensively investigated. V and Nb contribute to precipi- 11. Test Specimens
tation strengthening by forming fine and coherent precipitation of
M(C,N)X carbo-nitrides in the ferrite matrix. V also precipitates as VN 11.1 Test coupons from which tension test specimens are
during tempering or during creep. Therefore, the addition of strong nitride prepared shall be removed from heat-treated casting prolonga-
forming elements, those with a stronger affinity for nitrogen than Nb and tions.
V, as deoxidation agents, interferes with these high-temperature strength- 11.2 When agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
ening mechanisms.6
purchaser, test coupons from which test specimens are pre-
6.2 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be made by pared shall be cast attached to separate blocks from the same
the purchaser. The sample for analysis shall be selected so as to heat as the casting represented. The test blocks shall be heat
be representative of the pipe being analyzed. The chemical treated in the same manner as the casting represented.
composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements 11.3 Tension test specimens shall be machined to the form
of Table 1. and dimensions of the standard round 2-in. [50-mm] gage
7. Tensile and Hardness Requirements length specimens shown in Fig. 6 of Test Methods and
Definitions A 370.
7.1 Steel used for the castings shall conform to the tensile
and hardness requirements specified in Table 2.
12. Hydrostatic Test
8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions
12.1 Each length of pipe shall be hydrostatically tested in
8.1 Thickness—The wall thickness shall not vary over that accordance with Specification A 999/A 999M.
specified by more than 1⁄8 in. [3 mm]. There shall be no 12.2 When agreed to between the manufacturer and the
variation under the specified wall thickness. purchaser and so stated in the order, the hydrostatic test may be
9. Number of Tests deferred and shall be performed later by the purchaser. Pipe
furnished without the hydrostatic test shall include with the
9.1 One tension and one hardness test shall be made from
mandatory marking the letters “NH.” The manufacturer is
each heat.
responsible for the satisfactory performance of the casting
9.2 If a specimen is machined improperly or if flaws are
when it is tested.
revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may be
discarded and another substituted from the same heat. 12.3 When certification is required by the purchaser and the
hydrostatic test has been omitted, the certification shall clearly
10. Retests state “not hydrostatically tested.” The specification number and
10.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat do not material grade shown on the certification shall be followed by
conform to the requirements specified, the castings may be the letters “NH.”
reheat-treated and retested, but may not be re-austenitized
more than twice. 13. Visual Inspection
6
13.1 The surface of the casting shall be free from cracks and
Viswanathan, R. and Bakker, W. T., Materials for Ultra Supercritical Fossil
Power Plants, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2000, TR-114750.
hot tears as determined by visual examination. Other surface
imperfections shall be judged in accordance with visual accep-
TABLE 2 Tensile Properties and Hardness Requirements
tance criteria which may be specified in the order.
--```,,`,``````,,,,`,,,``,,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Tensile strength, min, psi [MPa]:

Grade CP1 65 000 [450] 14. Rework and Retreatment
Grades CP11, CP22 70 000 [485]
Grades CP5, CP9, CPCA15 90 000 [620]
14.1 Defects as defined in Section 14 shall be removed and
Grade CP91 85 000 [585] to 110 000 [760] their removal verified by visual inspection of the resultant
All other grades 60 000 [415] cavities. Defects that are located by inspecting with supple-
Yield strength, min, psi [MPa]:
Grade CP1 35 000 [240] mentary requirements S6, S7, S8, or S9 shall be removed or
Grades CP11, CP22 40 000 [275] reduced to an acceptable size.
Grades CP5, CP9 60 000 [415]
Grade CPCA15 65 000 [450]
14.2 If removal of the defect does not infringe upon the
Grade CP91 60 000 [415] minimum wall thickness, the depression may be blended
All other grades 30 000 [205] uniformly into the surrounding surface.
Elongation, min, %:A
Grade CP1 24 14.3 If the cavity resulting from defect removal infringes
Grades CP11, CP22 20 upon the minimum wall thickness, weld repair is permitted
Grades CP5, CP9, CP91, CPCA15 18 subject to the purchaser’s approval. The composition of the
All other grades 22
Reduction of area, min, %: weld rod used shall be suitable for the composition of the metal
Grades CP1, CP2, CP11, CP12, CP15, 35 being welded.
CP21, CP22, CP5, CP5b, CP7, CP9
Grade CPCA15 30
14.3.1 Only welders and procedures qualified in accordance
Grade CP91 45 with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, shall
Hardness, max, HB: be used. All repair welds will be inspected to the same quality
Grades CP5, CP5b, CP9, CP91, CPCA15 225
All other grades 201 standards used to inspect the casting.
A
Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm] using a standard round specimen, in either the 14.4 Local or full heat treatment in accordance with tem-
transverse or longitudinal direction. pering temperatures specified in 5.1 shall follow welding.

Copyright ASTM International 3

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Setal Engenharia Construcoes e Perfuracoes S.A./5941776001, User=Gome
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 02/25/2008 11:57:48 MST
 A 426/A 426M – 08
15. Rejection grade. In addition, heat numbers or serial numbers that are
15.1 Each length of pipe received from the manufacturer traceable to heat numbers shall be marked on each length of
may be inspected by the purchaser and, if it does not meet the pipe.
requirements of the specification based on the inspection and
test method as outlined in the specification, the pipe may be 17. Keywords
rejected and the manufacturer shall be notified. Disposition of 17.1 alloy steel; centrifugal; ferritic; high-temperature ser-
rejected pipe shall be a matter of agreement between the vice; pipe; stainless steel; steel castings
manufacturer and the purchaser.
16. Product Marking
16.1 Each length of pipe shall be legibly marked with the
manufacturer’s name or brand, the specification number and

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

Supplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by the purchaser. Details of the
supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. The
specified tests shall be performed by the manufacturer prior to shipment of the castings.

S1. Additional Tension Tests be in accordance with Guide E 94 and the types and degrees of
S1.1 Additional tension tests shall be made at a temperature discontinuities considered shall be judged by Reference Radio-
to be specified by the customer, and the properties to be met are graphs E 186, E 280, or E 446. The extent of the examination
a matter of agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer. and the basis for acceptance shall be subject to agreement
between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S2. Flattening Test
S7. Liquid Penetrant Examination
S2.1 The flattening test shall be made on specimens from
one or both ends of each length of pipe. If the specimen from S7.1 The castings shall be examined for surface disconti-
any end of any length fails to conform to the requirements of nuities by means of liquid penetrant inspection. The method of
Specification A 999/A 999M, that length shall be rejected. performing the liquid penetrant test shall be in accordance with
Practice E 165. The areas to be inspected, the methods and
S3. Photomicrographs types of liquid penetrants to be used, the developing procedure,
S3.1 The manufacturer shall furnish one photomicrograph and the basis for acceptance shall be as specified on the inquiry
at 100 diameters from one specimen of as-finished pipe from or invitation to bid and on the purchase order or contract or
each heat in each heat-treatment lot. Such photomicrographs both, or as agreed upon between the manufacturer and pur-
shall be suitable identified as to pipe size, wall thickness, and chaser.
heat. Such photomicrographs are for information only, to show S8. Magnetic Particle Inspection
the actual metal structure of the pipe as furnished. No photo-
S8.1 The castings shall be examined by magnetic particle
micrographs for the individual pieces purchased shall be
inspection. The inspection procedure used shall be in accor-
required except as specified in Section S4.
dance with Practice E 709. The extent of examination and the
S4. Photomicrographs for Individual Pieces basis for acceptance shall be subject to agreement between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
S4.1 The manufacturer shall furnish photomicrographs from
one or both ends of each pipe. All photomicrographs required S9. Ultrasonic Inspection
shall be properly identified as to heat number, size, and wall S9.1 The castings shall be examined ultrasonically in accor-
thickness of pipe from which the section was taken. Photomi- dance with Practice A 609/A 609M. The extent of the exami-
crographs shall be further identified to permit association of nation and the basis of acceptance shall be subject to agreement
each photomicrograph with the individual length of pipe it between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
represents.
S10. Residual Elements
S5. Metal Structure and Etching Tests S10.1 An analysis for the elements specified in Table S1
S5.1 Etching tests shall be made on transverse sections from shall be included in those analyses specified in Section 6. The
the pipe and shall reveal the macrostructure of the material. chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the
--```,,`,``````,,,,`,,,``,,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Such tests are for information only. requirements of Table S1.

S6. Radiographic Examination S11. Charpy Impact Test
S6.1 The castings shall be examined for internal defects by S11.1 Charpy impact test properties shall be determined on
means of X rays or gamma rays. The inspection procedure shall each heat from a set of three Charpy V-notch specimens. The

Copyright ASTM International 4

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Setal Engenharia Construcoes e Perfuracoes S.A./5941776001, User=Gome
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 02/25/2008 11:57:48 MST
 A 426/A 426M – 08
TABLE S1 Residual Elements S11.2 Absorbed Energy Value, of three specimens shall not
Total Contents of be less than that agreed upon by the manufacturer and
Copper, Nickel, Chromium, Tungsten, These
Grade
max max max max Unspecified Elements,
purchaser, with no more than one value permitted below the
max, % minimum average specified and no value permitted below the
CP1 0.50 0.50 0.35 0.10 1.00 minimum specified for a single specimen.
CP2 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00 S11.3 Lateral Expansion Value, shall be agreed upon by the
CP5 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
CP5b 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00 manufacturer and purchaser.
CP7 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
S11.4 Percent Shear Area, shall be agreed upon by the
CP9 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
CP11 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00 manufacturer and purchaser.
CP12 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
CP15 0.50 0.50 0.35 0.10 1.00
CP21 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00 S12. Drop Weight Test
CP22 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
CPCA15 0.50 1.00 ... 0.10 1.50
S12.1 Drop weight test properties shall be determined by
preparing and testing either Type P1, P2, or P3 specimens in
accordance with Test Method E 208. The test coupons shall be
test coupons shall be taken as specified for tension specimens taken as specified for tension specimens in Section 11. The
in Section 11 and tested at a test temperature agreed upon by crack starter weld shall be deposited on the surface of the
the manufacturer and purchaser. The acceptance requirements specimen which was nearest to the casting surface. Each test
shall be either energy absorbed or lateral expansion or percent shall consist of at least two specimens tested at a temperature
shear area, and shall be that agreed upon by the manufacturer agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. Each speci-
and purchaser. Test specimens shall be prepared as Type A and men shall exhibit a “no break” performance.
tested in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,
A 426/A 426M - 07, that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved February 4, 2008)

(1) Table 1–Molybdenum content in CP91 corrected. (2) Table 1–Included ellipses description as footnote.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,
A 426/A 426M - 05, that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2007)

(1) Added Grade CP91 to 5.1 and 6.1 and to Tables 1 and 2. (2) Added UNS numbers to Table 1.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
--```,,`,``````,,,,`,,,``,,`,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).

Copyright ASTM International 5

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=Setal Engenharia Construcoes e Perfuracoes S.A./5941776001, User=Gome
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 02/25/2008 11:57:48 MST