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Kotch's Maternal and Child Health: Problems, Programs, and Policy in Public Health, 4th Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of maternal and child health issues, emphasizing modern contexts such as race/ethnicity and family dynamics. The book includes contributions from various experts and covers historical and contemporary applications of maternal and child health policies. It is designed for public health professionals and those in related health fields, offering insights into health disparities and strategies for improvement.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
135 views132 pages

Kotch's Maternal and Child Health: Problems, Programs, and Policy in Public Health 4th Edition Kirby Instant Download

Kotch's Maternal and Child Health: Problems, Programs, and Policy in Public Health, 4th Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of maternal and child health issues, emphasizing modern contexts such as race/ethnicity and family dynamics. The book includes contributions from various experts and covers historical and contemporary applications of maternal and child health policies. It is designed for public health professionals and those in related health fields, offering insights into health disparities and strategies for improvement.

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Title: Kotch's maternal and child health / Russell S. Kirby, PhD, MS, FACE, Distinguished University Professor
and Marrell Endowed Chair, Strategic Area Faculty Lead for Population Health Science, College of Public Health,
University of South Florida, Sarah Verbiest, DrPH, Adjunct Faculty, Department of Maternal and Child Health,
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Other titles: Maternal and child health (Kotch)
Description: 4[th] edition. | Burlington, Massachusetts : Jones & Bartlett Learning, [2022] | Originally published:
Maternal and child health /editor, Jonathan B. Kotch. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary:
“The 4th edition of Maternal and Child Health will continue to offer a comprehensive, trusted introduction to the
field of Maternal and Child Health, however this new edition, with a new author team and new MCH expert
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professionals, but also to health professionals outside public health practice”— Provided by publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020050348 | ISBN 9781284200256 (paperback)
Subjects: LCSH: Child health services—United States. | Maternal health services—United States.
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Contents
© Agsandrew/Shutterstock

Foreword
Introduction
Acknowledgments
Contributors

SECTION I Foundations of Maternal and Child Health

CHAPTER 1 Rights, Justice, and Equity


Dorothy C. Browne, Joia Crear-Perry, Carmen L. Green, and Inas Mahdi
Introduction
Moral and Ethical Bases for Ensuring Equity by Addressing Health Disparities
Children’s Rights
Health Disparities and Health Inequities
Racial/Ethnic Disparities
From Minority Health to Health Disparities
The Impact and Legacy of the Heckler Report
Demographic Changes
Roots of Inequity: Social Determinants of Health
Connecting the Past to the Present
Case Example 1: The Social Security Act
Case Example 2: Redlining and Restrictive Covenants
Case Example 3: The GI Bill
Layers of Inequities
Religious Identity
Queer Identity
Transgender Parenting
Immigrant Populations
Paid Leave
Intersectionality
Better Frames for Addressing Disparities: Moving Toward Health Equity
Strategies for MCH Policy and Programs
Strategy 1: Decolonize Funding and Research
Strategy 2: Propose Policies and Legislation to Close Equity Gaps
Strategy 3: Prioritize Learnings from Communities Experiencing Burden of Inequities
Strategy 4: Adopt an Antiracist Stance as an Organization
Strategy 5: Employ Respectful Maternity Care
Strategy 6: Improve Data Collection and Analyses Processes
Strategy 7: Provide Visionary Leadership
Summary and Charge for the Future
Discussion Questions
References

CHAPTER 2 A Life Course Perspective on Maternal and Child Health and Health Inequities
Liana J. Richardson, Kelly L. Strutz, and Andrea N. Goodwin
Introduction
Fundamental Concepts in Life Course Theory
The Five Defining Principles of Life Course Theory
1. The Principle of Life Span Development
2. The Principle of Human Agency
3. The Principle of Timing
4. The Principle of Linked Lives
5. The Principle of Historical Time and Place
Three Key Concepts in Life Course Theory: Trajectories, Transitions, and Turning Points
Fundamental Concepts in Life Course Epidemiology
Applications of Life Course Theory and Epidemiology to MCH
Historical Applications to MCH
Contemporary Applications to MCH
1. Preconception Health and Well-Being
2. The Life Course Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences
3. Fetal Origins of Adult Disease
Implications of a Life Course Perspective on MCH Policy and Practice
Implications for the Timing of Strategies to Improve MCH Outcomes
Implications for the Types and Targets of Strategies to Improve MCH Outcomes
Barriers to the Policy and Practice Changes Derived from a Life Course Perspective
Conclusion
Summary of Key Points
Discussion Questions
Additional Resources
Acknowledgments
References

CHAPTER 3 Families and Health


Joseph Telfair, Joanne Chopak-Foss, Janet Choongo, and Kim Harris
Introduction
American Family Composition Over Time
Immigrant and Refugee Families
Family Separation and Historic Trauma
Grandparent-Led Families
Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage and Single Parenthood
Extended Families and Cohabiting Parents
Fathers
Family Median Income
Factors That Influence Family Health
Parents in the Workforce
Child Care
Poverty as an Indicator of Health Outcomes in Families
Race, Ethnicity, Immigration, and Poverty
Poverty and Its Effect on Family Well-Being
Structural Patriarchy and Racism
Policies and Community Context That Impact Family Health
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Additional Resources
References

CHAPTER 4 An Overview of Maternal and Child Health History: A Political Determinants of Health
Perspective
Daniel E. Dawes, Russell S. Kirby, Nelson J. Dunlap, and Mahia A. Valle
Introduction
MCH History Milestones
The 19th Century: A “Pre-MCH” Era
20th-Century Attention to MCH Issues
Title V of the Social Security Act of 1935
The 1960s: A Time of Significant Growth for MCH Programs
Changes to Foundational MCH Policies
Equity in MCH History
Advancing Health Equity: Past, Present, and Future
Defining Health Equity
Cultivating Health Equity
The Political Determinants of Health
Political Determinants of Maternal Mortality: Illustrations
An Example from Florida
Jessica’s Story: A Case Study
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Additional Resources
References

SECTION II The Developmental Cycle and Social Determinants of Health


CHAPTER 5 Women’s Health
Deborah B. Ehrenthal, Kate H. Gillespie, Madelyne Z. Greene, and Ellen M. Daley
Introduction
The Complex History of Women’s Health in the U.S.
The 18th and 19th Centuries
The 20th Century
The Early 21st Century
Women’s Health over the Life Course
Life Expectancy and Leading Causes of Death
Heart Disease
Cancer
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women
Obesity
Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Implications for Women’s Cardiovascular Health
Health Concerns of Adolescents and Young Adults
Health Disparities: The Salience of Both Gender and Race
Unique Health Needs of Women
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Mental Health and Substance Use
Human Sex Trafficking and Sex Work
Violence Against Women
Women’s Health Care in the U.S.
The Health Care “System”
General Medical Care
Reproductive Health Care
Preventive Health Care
Financing Women’s Health Care
Data Sources for Women’s Health
Innovations in Health Care
Conclusion
Additional Resources
Discussion Questions
References

CHAPTER 6 Family Planning and Maternal and Child Health


Margaret Mary Downey, Ariana H. Bennett, Cassondra Marshall, Lisa Stern, Stephanie Arteaga, and Anu
Manchikanti Gómez
Introduction
Reproductive Justice
Background
Family Planning and Public Health: A Complicated History
Structural Violence and Barriers to Health Equity
Pregnancy Planning and Unintended Pregnancy
Fertility in the U.S.
An Introduction to Unintended Pregnancy
Unintended Pregnancy in the U.S.
Barriers to Pregnancy Planning
Practice Considerations
Birth Control Methods
Definitions
Overview of Birth Control Use
Birth Control Options
Choice of Birth Control Method
Contraceptive Counseling
Special Considerations for Contraception
Gender and Contraception
Gaps in Scientific Evidence
Contraceptive Access
Abortion
What Is Abortion?
Abortion Trends in the U.S.
Types of Abortion in the U.S.
Medication Abortion
Aspiration Abortion
Other Methods
Long-Term Health and Safety
Future Fertility and Pregnancy Outcomes
Breast Cancer Risk
Mental Health
Barriers to Abortion Access
Infertility
Infertility as a Public Health Issue
Prevention
Infertility Treatment
Insurance Coverage for Infertility Treatment
Health Inequities and Infertility
Family Planning Policy: Current Issues and Debates
Title X
Medicaid
Affordable Care Act
Abortion Policy
Federal Level
State Level
Rise in Religious Health Care
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Additional Resources
References

CHAPTER 7 The Reproductive and Perinatal Health of Women, Pregnant Persons, and Infants
Arden Handler and Joan Kennelly
Introduction
Key Reproductive and Perinatal Outcomes: Definitions, Point Estimates, and Trends
Low Birth Weight: Being Born Small, Being Born Early
Fetal Growth
Gestational Age
Fetal Death
Infant Death
Perinatal Mortality
Birth Defects
Maternal Morbidity and Mortality
Programs, Services, Policies, and Systemic Change to Improve the Health of Women, Pregnant Persons, and
Infants
Strategies for Improving Women’s Health Prior to and Between Pregnancies
Reproductive Care
Preconception/Interconception/Well-Woman Care
Strategies for Improving Women’s and Infants’ Health During Pregnancy and Labor and Delivery
Access to, Utilization, and the Content of Quality Prenatal Care
Measurement of Prenatal Care
Barriers to Prenatal Care and Disparities in Prenatal Care Utilization
Content and Quality of Prenatal Care
Strategies/Approaches to Improving the Delivery of Prenatal Care
Maternal Health Care Providers, Childbirth Experiences, and Outcomes
Strategies for Improving Women’s and Infant’s Health After Delivery and During the Postpartum Period
Strategies to Protect and Promote the Health of the Infant After Delivery
Strategies to Protect and Promote the Health of the Pregnant Person/Woman After Delivery
Providing Supports for Women/Persons and Families at the Individual and System Levels Across the
Prenatal and Postpartum Periods
Emerging Issues and Approaches in Reproductive and Perinatal Health
Substance Use During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Protecting Women’s/Pregnant Persons and Infants’ Health During Disasters and Emergencies
Justice-Involved Women
A Focus on Fathers
Centering Women’s/Pregnant Persons, Voices in the Struggle for Reproductive Justice
Conclusion
Summary of Key Points
Recommendations
Discussion Questions
Additional Resources
References

CHAPTER 8 Toddlers and Preschool-Age Children


Meghan E. Shanahan and Bharathi J. Zvara
Introduction
The Toddler/Preschool-Age Child
Demographics
Health and Well-Being
Overall Health Status of Toddlers and Preschoolers
General Health Status
Well-Child Visits
Vaccinations
Physical Health
Obesity
Allergies
Oral Health
Mental Health/Socioemotional Development
Developmental Delay and Disability
Injuries
Toxic Stress
Drivers of Health Status
Families
Childcare
Health Insurance
Poverty
Emerging Issues
Bullying
Screen Time
Sleep
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Additional Resources
References

CHAPTER 9 School-Age Children


Candace Gragnani, Nupur Agrawal, Susan Duan, Ashley Lewis Hunter, and Alice A. Kuo
Introduction
Family Structure
Impact of Family Structure on Children
Special Populations of Children
Children Who Live in Poverty
Children Who Experience Abuse and Neglect
Children Who Are in Immigrant and Migrant Families
Children with Adverse Experiences
Children with Autism and Neurodiversity
School-Related Issues
School Readiness and Transition into Kindergarten
Physical Health and Motor Development
Social and Emotional Learning
Approaches to Learning
Language and Cognitive Development
Community Roles
Learning Differences
Bullying
Behavioral Challenges
School Shootings/Gun Violence Prevention
Key Health and Mental Health Issues
Vaccines
Overweight/Obesity
Body Image/Eating Disorders
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Anxiety and Mood Issues
Emerging and Important Considerations
Electronic Devices and Social Media
Vaping
Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth
Sexuality, Sexual Exploration, and Sexual Orientation
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Additional Resources
References

CHAPTER 10 Adolescent Health


Carolyn T. Halpern, Megan C. Barry, and Abigail A. Haydon
Introduction
Historical Changes In Views of Adolescence
Demographics of Adolescence
What Is Adolescence Today?
Who Are Adolescents?
Adolescent Health Status
Data Sources for Adolescent Health
What Influences Adolescent Health?
Primary Contributors to Adolescent Mortality and Morbidity
Mortality
Violence
Substance Use
Sexuality, Contraception, Fertility, and Sexually Transmitted Infections
Mental Health and Suicide
Obesity, Nutrition, and Physical Activity
Chronic Conditions and Disabilities
A Developmental Systems Perspective on Adolescence
Puberty and Biological Development
Cognitive Development and Decision Making
Impulsivity, Sensation-Seeking, and Risk-Taking During Adolescence
The Neurologic Basis of Changes in Adolescent Decision Making
Social Development
Environmental and Contextual Influences on Adolescent Health and Development
Schools
Neighborhood and Community
Legal Systems
Media and Technology
Improving Adolescent Health
Education
Neighborhoods
Health Care
Legal Systems
Agencies and Public Health Programs Focused on Adolescents
Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB)
Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH)
Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs
Future Directions
Key Points
Discussion Questions
Additional Resources
References

SECTION III Cross-Cutting Issues and Themes

CHAPTER 11 Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs


Allysa Ware and Russell S. Kirby
Introduction
National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs
Social Determinants of Health
Minoritized CYSHCN
Evolution of Public Policy for CYSHCN
Unique Needs of CYSHCN and Their Families
Life Course Approach to CYSHCN
Mental Health
Health Care Financing for CYSHCN
Medicaid and CHIP
Family-Centered Programs and Strategies to Improve Outcomes
Medical Home/Family-Centered Care
Parents as Partners in Health Care
Family-to-Family Support During the Diagnostic Odyssey
Care Coordination
Educational Supports
Transition Planning for CYSHCN
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Additional Resources
References
CHAPTER 12 Environmental Health
Ruth A. Etzel and Jack K. Leiss
Introduction
Structural Racism Determines Environmental Exposures and Health Outcomes
Inequities in Health Outcomes
Structural Racism
Inequities in Environmental Exposures
The Environmental Justice Movement
Role of the MCH Professional
Environmental Exposures Across the Life Span
The Chemical, Biological, and Physical Environment Influences Health
Global Climate Change
Epidemics of Environmental Illness
Major Chemical Agents of Concern for Health
Tobacco and Nicotine
Outdoor Air Pollutants
Carbon Monoxide
Lead
Mercury
Arsenic
Pesticides
Persistent Organic Pollutants
Phthalates
Major Biological Agents of Concern for Health
Molds and Mycotoxins
Trichothecene Mycotoxins
Major Physical Agents of Concern for Health
Radiation
Prevention
Primordial Prevention
Regulation of Environmental Chemicals
Case Studies
Lessons from the Case Studies of Environmental Regulation
Role of the MCH Professional
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Research
Collaboration with National and International Organizations
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Additional Resources
Acknowledgments
References
CHAPTER 13 Maternal, Child, and Family Nutrition
Alison K. Nulty, Hope K. Lima, Christina Chauvenet, and Amanda L. Thompson
Introduction
Malnutrition in the U.S.
Hunger, Undernutrition, and Food Insecurity
Prevalence
Recent Trends and Current State of Food Insecurity
Impact on Growth, Development, and Health
Overnutrition
Public Health Nutrition Guidelines
2020 Dietary Guidelines for Population Health
Nutrition Recommendations for MCH Populations
Maternal Nutrition
Weight Gain During Pregnancy
Nutrition During Pregnancy
Nutrition During Lactation
Breastfeeding
Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative
Barriers to Breastfeeding
Donor Human Milk
Complementary Feeding
Recommendations and Adherence
Dietary Guidelines for Children Younger Than 2 Years
Feeding Styles and Approaches
Child Nutrition
Public Health Nutrition Programs
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
School Nutrition Programs
Conclusion and Recommendations
Discussion Questions
Additional Resources
References

CHAPTER 14 Women, Children, and Family Oral Health


Cheryl A. Vamos, Rocio B. Quinonez, and Chelse Spinner
Introduction
Theoretical Perspectives on Oral Health of Women, Children, and Families
Life Course Perspective
The Social-Ecological Model
Maternal–Child Oral Health
Preconception and Pregnancy
Childhood and Adolescence
Population-Based Strategies
Barriers to Oral Health Care
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