15- 2 Man
Modale 02 [Flhutel kinemehos
h mohon tduid parhele my be olesoeibed
alleuing method4
D Langrangian methad.
2) Euleiay methad
langaglan methol
In this metha, the observer Concenttates an the
movement a Siplepaicle. "The porth taken b
the parhele 'and hange in da velacity ane
Lacceemtion qe Btudle
Ih the Catesian ybtem, tha positian f the fli
parhele inSpaceCxrz) at any fane t dits
posihion (a, b,c) at Hne tzo shall be gien as
fa Ce, b, C,t)
2 fsCa,b, c, t)
The velaeit and accelrahon Campananda ave gin
Ve lscit Companunti
dt
t any peint, the eattsnt velocity ar accelaahoo shal
he esatfant f thwee Compaeots thu
antijy-ot het psint sspectia
D Cunbertoane and Cogplez
sharleanig
th ngstion io hand to unersfand
T2Eulerian metha
In this_methad, the obseyeY Concenfsates on4 peia
a the fuid ysfem. velaciky, accelyahon ahd oth
chaacterikhes gtaa ful at that paxticalas point oa
sheolie
Jhis metheo j& alnost cachusively ysee in uid mechanies, eye
becmuse ito mthesahical simplicikyfed
Th velouty at any point (*2) Cen be uwritten
Thh Compnent f accelerahion he fuid parhiele
Can be woricedout yparhal
yparthiad oevcatiahon
alloaA
du 4.dt Qy.dyt ydzydt
t
gx dt 24 dt 92 dt
No
Kesalfand velocity Net
In vector notahien:
Velacidy vecdex
Accelwatan VeoBor q
2t 0t
LMtagthzmatiaty
hue we
yeapee
to
withchanges atapait density o
velacjty the uhich tpeooin that THis
Dt
have,Mathematwe
ically
asap called isime
chaz da,aot paietaata
at denaity
leusunteady and Study
The types {lou, in which thu velocity d anr given tin
des na t
change corth respecl to space js Calle
medkemaicaly s
THis that peteu in which the velecit atar
igiventime changes with espect to Space
mathemsaticaly, v o
a) One, Twa, and Thee imenaianal floss
Ttisthepe lou in thizhhe flos paahicfex
ico se1clinate an
Mhimahea lly fC2),uro and w
oheve u,u anolw aye velacit Corgpanenta in andz
dsacionse pectuety
kTso climenaionalluws
hflosin which te flou paramefer sich as velscy is
afanctian time, and twa SpaceCosenelinete o
Malkeoatitat
flaudaalso
aalleed OrVÌBCous
pe This s. path deined
along ave ahather eon 3A Cto 0ot
pgthataken.
thu by ane whiah leaikonc
in lamiiat
au
baminat *
osisbulent 5)Lanina
an
ehiaca Gansiolene
abaut iatate 'not do
lamthe liechan mawinglh
th
i
Teslthnal
salic Hha nea Eloe CentiA
as thuit abaut stfe flos chon oire thi meuinng
telcs fluiel thi totahiangl beisAaia
te Aflou
4
|el heaticaly
chieetions pexpendicala mutay
4Tarbulent flocw i
Atorbilendfo a that fouin.uksih jhid parhcles.
Compremible .and Tyonmpreiile fha
*Compranile flo
T tht tpe d flowin which the density (t) ghe fluie
chage fröm puint poind
Methemahcally
Tia thod tpe low in which oensi is bonstant far
f: Conatont
Eleu Lines t
whenever d fhuid is in metHion, its innumerable.
Parheles meve. along Gerdain ines dependlinp upen the
Condiioh of floa'
) Path LineA
Aparth Jine is thu path follawed by
in motion: A afhuid
parth ine showA the clieçtion povhe
flaid
Parieles asasitmoNes ahead Ih gcntal,
Cunve in three-dimenhisn al_ Space.Houesev, Tf he Cu
axc Suah ihat h flowiA wardimenbianal the cusne
tuo-dimensional
Fig..Path lines.
Fig. . Stream line
2) Steam line -
Astseam line may be lflineol as an imagia ia
hveleaity t hat paint
Equatian f a stream lne in theee-clmensienal flsow iais g
dz dy dz
follewsing paints abaut stieamlines att wezh pohng
a o net intesiect lsclffha
9._stteanliae twa sdaean
mass actoss
Sfreamines.
sttamkine Spacing Niavies huezbaly as te veleatyCon
f sieamline in ony parhicalrclieefon showt. ascelk t.
fled in that dineetio
). khere as.a poth ine gives tha pathef.ene partcular partele al
Succeasive nttanthincsyasteamline Incic ate th
direehion ofanunben parhelesa he SameJoBhars
) he sesils.
nstant.
Tn Steady law, the pattern f stseamlines otains inyoai
iwith ime, Th path ines and sttcanmlines wil Hhn be
identical
Tn unteacly flos, the patteyn ftamlises aay
gqy not rean the Sange at th nezt inteat
3)SteamTube s
ABfseam tehe is afuid
Lstamlincs
i Ppes and nazzles:
telauing poindo aboud bteam tbe ane wonth
DThstyeam tube has fiite dimensiond:
2As thse is ne flowpepeniculax to stteam Lines.
thve s ho loc acrons the
ithnfore, there
Stream tebe. The stseam Suface fnctbns
a Solid wall:
9T shape fa Jtran habe changes fuem ant inal
to anatha becauLe
tectmines.
Fig. Stream tuite.
4)Stiak Line4
he btacak line is a Cirsse wbich gives an inblantaneeus
pickuae hu locahien thu fid parhcles, wbich baa
Smoke
Streak line Nozzie
Smoke
generator
Dye isjecei
Fig C Streakline ofsmol issuing from anozle Fig.Se ine atf=t
Candasaby gualan
The conitnuty cquahion ib basec an ihe
Conktrvation mas:T+tales prinaple
Tf no fluid is addedor jemoved frem thepipe
hen th
Sechens Ushall be Same."
fg Alid flau thragh apipe
Consicer two Ctss eetional fapipe shounin ig
ve lecity the hid at secthen @
Ai Aea thu pipe at Sectian 0-0
velocity
GDensity
the fluicl at sec
theflwid at secfion 0-D
fromtu daw of conse rvation f mass, we hav
Ahave cquation is applioble for Camprewke fd
For incompaessikle Auidsfi cansten
6 5 Mones
elaity pofeotiali |5 Makg
ILis dfncolas a scalar faocheo pace and ioat
such thatia neqatve deeiative with respect to aay
direchan gjivea he guid elscityin that digechon.
Mathe machicaly, t(xag, 2,4) for unskadt
flew
and
Such that
-
w
whege 4,N,gndw ae the Components
he and z dieciop tospechuely
Fat an
22
#)(%)$()
2
-C5)
This equation i Knoun as lap lace ezuahion
Equupoterial nes
An cqulpofential inejs one alan which velaciy
iptenfial js Constonf.
ie for eguipeknhia ine , Contfent
But,
-ant
d dz Cudztve
tor zutpotertiat dint, t¢=
- (ude +Mdy) o
udetd
dr
lwhere, dt slepe equipofeotal dine
*Stream uncton 4
is definel as a funeheo
The stream funchon ia parfal dexivatve
Space and time, Such that its
with nspect to any irection gives the velecitydeneta
Lompo
ot an ire ational flow ,
bwbich i the Laplace cquationin y. .
*Equistaeam linet
Hn equistteamline is ene which strea
unction C)isCoinstant
ic foz Equistraam Line y Constant
dyEo
dy
But and
dudz
for cquistream tine dyee,
dy
de
whe dy e slape cquistream ine.
dz
