8/15/25, 10:18 AM Working with Complex Internal Tables

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Working with Complex Internal

Working with Complex

Tables

Internal Tables
Declaring a Complex Internal Table
22 mins

Working with Complex Internal Tables

53 mins
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
Quiz Completed
Fill complex internal tables with data
Access the content of complex internal tables
Use complex
Implementing internal
Database tables in ABAP SQL
Updates
Using Business Objects

Complex Internal Table Filling

Describing the ABAP RESTful
Application Programming Model

Analyzing and Testing Code

Using Data Types and Type

Conversions Correctly

Processing Character Fields

As you already learned, the simplest way to add a new row to an internal table
is the APPEND statement with a data object whose type corresponds to the
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8/15/25, 10:18 AM Working with Complex Internal Tables

row type of the internal table. This data object is sometimes referred to as
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work area.

For simple internal tables the work area used in APPEND can be a scalar
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variable, constant, or a literal. For complex internal tables, the work area has
to be structured.

In the example, structured variable connection is used to fill internal table

connections.

In principle, there are two ways to declare work area connection:

Reference the row type st_connection directly

Reference the row type indirectly using LIKE LINE OF <internal_table>.

Defining work areas with LIKE LINE OF has two advantages:

It reveals the purpose of the structured variable as work area for the
internal table
It ensures that the work area fits to the internal table, even if the definition
of the internal table changes

If you do not fill the work area before the APPEND statement, the new row of
the internal table will be filled with type-specific initial values.

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Hint
You get the same result with the special variant APPEND INITIAL
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LINE TO <internal_table>. This variant does not even require a work
area.

To fill the structured work area, you can either fill the individual components
or, as you can see in the example, use a VALUE #( ) expression.

As you can see in the example, you can also use a VALUE #( ) expression
directly in the APPEND statement. In this case, you do not need a work area.

Note
This can have a positive effect on the overall memory consumption
of your program.

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There is a variant of the VALUE #( ) expression that you can assign directly to
an internal table. In this variant of VALUE #( ) additional pairs of brackets are
used to separate the table rows from each other.

The code example fills internal table carriers with three rows, each with a
different value for carrier_id and carrier_name. As a result of this, column
currency_code is not mentioned, it is filled with the type specific initial value.

Note
With the assignment above, all existing table rows are removed
before the table is filled with the new rows.

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8/15/25, 10:18 AM Working with Complex Internal Tables

To copy data between identically-named fields of two internal tables, use the
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CORRESPONDING operator. This works similarly to CORRESPONDING for
structures: for each row of the source internal table, the system creates a new
/ Browse row in the target
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Core ABAP data
Skills between identically-named
/ Working with Complex Int…
fields. Source fields for which there is no identically named field in the target
are not copied. Target fields for which there is no identically named field in the
source are filled with type-specific initial values.

In the example, the source internal table carriers contains three rows.
Therefore, after the value assignment, the target internal table connections
also contains three rows.

Fields carrier_id and carrier_name exist in both internal tables. They are
copied from source to target. Field currency_code only exists in the source. It
is not copied. Fields connection_id, airport_from_id, and airport_to_id exist
only in the target. They are filled with initial values.

Note
If the target internal table contains data before the assignment, the
system deletes it.

How To Debug Complex Internal Tables

Demo

Start Demo

Try It Out: Filling Complex Internal

Tables
1. As it is in the first exercise of this course, create a new global class that
implements interface IF_OO_ADT_CLASSRUN.

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8/15/25, 10:18 AM Working with Complex Internal Tables

2. Copy the following code snippet to the implementation part of method

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if_oo_adt_classrun~main( ):

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Code Snippet


1
2 TYPES: BEGIN OF st_connection,
3 carrier_id TYPE /dmo/carrier_i
4 connection_id TYPE /dmo/connectio
5 airport_from_id TYPE /dmo/airport_f
6 airport_to_id TYPE /dmo/airport_t
7 carrier_name TYPE /dmo/carrier_n
8 END OF st_connection.
9
10 TYPES tt_connections TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF
11 WITH NON-UNIQUE KEY
12
13
14 DATA connections TYPE tt_connections.
15
16 TYPES: BEGIN OF st_carrier,
17 carrier_id TYPE /dmo/carrier_id,
18 carrier_name TYPE /dmo/carrier_nam
19 currency_code TYPE /dmo/currency_co
20 END OF st_carrier.
21
22 TYPES tt_carriers TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF st_
23 WITH NON-UNIQUE KEY ca
24
25 DATA carriers TYPE tt carriers. 
 

3. Press CTRL + F3 on your keyboard to activate the class and F9 to execute

the console app.
4. Analyze the console output. Debug the program, play around with the
source code to get familiar with the concepts.

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8/15/25, 10:18 AM Working with Complex Internal Tables

Learning Access to Complex Internal

Subscribe Tables
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Earlier in this course, you learned how to retrieve a single row from a simple
internal table using an internal table expression. Back then we used an index
access, that is, we identified the row through its position in the internal table.
This index access works for complex internal tables in just the same way. For
complex internal tables, however, internal table expressions with key access
become important, where you identify the row through its content.

Note
Even though this is called a key access, you can use any fields for
the selection, not only key fields of the internal table. If more than
one row fulfills the requirement, the first row is returned, that is, the
row with the lowest index.

The example reads a single row from internal table connections. The key of
this internal table consists of fields, carrier_id and connection_id, but the key
access uses airport_from_id and airport_to_id to identify the row. The Internal
table contains two connections from airport SFO to SIN, so the first of them is
returned.

Remember that the ABAP runtime raises exception

CX_SY_ITAB_LINE_NOT_FOUND if none of the rows fulfills the requirement.
Handle this exception in a TRY … CATCH … ENDTRY structure to avoid runtime
errors

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8/15/25, 10:18 AM Working with Complex Internal Tables

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To process multiple lines of an internal table by specifying fields, you use

LOOP AT <internal table> INTO <target> WHERE <condition>. The WHERE
condition can contain any number of constituent expressions joined using
AND and OR. Within the expressions, you can use not just the equals operator
(=) but also operators >, >=, <, <=, <> and BETWEEN.

After reading the content of a table row into a work area, you sometimes want
to write changes from the work area back into the internal table. One way to
do this is the MODIFY TABLE statement.

This statement is a key access because the system uses the content of the key
fields in the work area to identify the table row that needs to be modified. It
then overwrites this table row with the contents of the work area.

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In the example, the work area carrier contains value 'JL' in key field, carrier_id.
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Based on this value, the system identifies the second row to be updated. This
row is then updated with the values from the work area.
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Note
You can only change non-key fields with MODIFY TABLE. The
statement does not support changes to key fields.

The MODIFY statement (without keyword TABLE!) does not distinguish

between key fields and non-key fields. It overwrites the entire table row with
new values from the work area. This statement is considered an index access
because the row to be updated is identified by its position in the internal
table. Usually, the index is specified explicitly using addition INDEX followed
by an integer argument (literal, constant, variable, expression).

Note
There is also a special variant without addition INDEX. We will
discuss this variant next.

In the example, the MODIFY statement uses the INDEX addition to address
the first table row. In this row, all fields are overwritten with the values from the
work area, even key field carrier_id.

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There will often be times when you need to modify the contents of multiple
rows of an internal table, or maybe even all of them. To do this, you implement
a loop over the table, which places each row you need to change successively
into a work area. Within the loop, you first change the contents of the work
area and then write the changes back into the internal table using the MODIFY
statement.

Note
If you do not write your changes back into the table, the changes
will be lost when the work area is filled with the data from next row.

In the example, the loop reads all rows of internal table carriers for which field
currency_code is not yet filled. This is the case for the last two rows. For each
of these rows the program replaces the initial value in field currency_code
with the new value 'USD'. Finally, it uses the MODIFY statement to overwrite
the current row with the updated values.

Instead of specifying the index explicitly, the code example uses a short form
of the MODIFY statement where the INDEX addition is missing. This short form
is only allowed between LOOP … ENDLOOP. Only there the system can
implicitly update the row it is currently working on.

If you use MODIFY without INDEX outside of LOOP…ENDLOOP, the system

does not know which row to modify and triggers a non-catchable runtime
error. To avoid such runtime errors, make sure not to ignore the related
warning from the syntax check!

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8/15/25, 10:18 AM Working with Complex Internal Tables

Learning Try It Out: Access to Complex

Subscribe Internal
Tables
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1. As with the first exercise of this course, create a new global class that
implements the interface, IF_OO_ADT_CLASSRUN.
2. Copy the following code snippet to the implementation part of method
if_oo_adt_classrun~main( ):

Code Snippet


1
2 TYPES: BEGIN OF st_connection,
3 carrier_id TYPE /dmo/carrier_
4 connection_id TYPE /dmo/connecti
5 airport_from_id TYPE /dmo/airport_
6 airport_to_id TYPE /dmo/airport_
7 carrier_name TYPE /dmo/carrier_
8 END OF st_connection.
9
10 TYPES tt_connections TYPE SORTED TABLE OF
11 WITH NON-UNIQUE K
12
13
14 DATA connections TYPE tt_connections.
15 DATA connection LIKE LINE OF connections.
16
17 TYPES: BEGIN OF st_carrier,
18 carrier_id TYPE /dmo/carrier_id
19 currency_code TYPE /dmo/currency_c
20 END OF st_carrier.
21
22 DATA carriers TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF st_car
23 WITH NON-UNIQUE KEY carr
24
25 DATA carrier LIKE LINE OF carriers. 
 

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8/15/25, 10:18 AM Working with Complex Internal Tables

3. Press CTRL + F3 on your keyboard to activate the class and F9 to execute

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the console app.
4. Analyze the console output. Debug the program, play around with the
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Learningcode to get/familiar
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concepts.

Complex Internal Tables in ABAP SQL

The ABAP SQL statement, SELECT, reads data from a database table or a CDS
View. When you use the SINGLE option, exactly one record is read from the
database, even if more data exist that meets the conditions in the WHERE
clause.

As you learned earlier, one way to receive this single record result is
structured variable after keyword INTO.

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8/15/25, 10:18 AM Working with Complex Internal Tables

If you use SELECT without SINGLE, you indicate that you are interested in all
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records that match the conditions in the WHERE clause. You then have to
make sure that you can actually receive and store multiple records. The
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the usage ofABAP
Core a complex
Skills internal
/ Workingtable
withas target Int
Complex of…the
SELECT statement. This is possible but it requires addition TABLE between
keyword INTO and the name of the internal table.

In the example, we want to read all three airports related to London and not
just a single one of them. Therefore, we leave out the keyword SINGLE after
SELECT, add keyword TABLE after INTO and use internal table airports_full as
target of the SELECT statement.

The example uses an explicit field list after FIELDS that matches the columns
of internal table airports_full. Of course, you can also use FIELDS *, INTO
CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE, and alias names in the field list.

This example uses FIELDS * instead of an explicit field list and INTO
CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE instead of INTO TABLE.

As the row type of internal table airports contains only two components
AirportID and Name, only the fields with the same name are read from the
database.

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If you use DATA( ) in a SELECT statement after addition INTO TABLE, you inline
declare an internal table. The row type of this internal table is derived from the
FIELDS clause. For table fields and view elements an alias name is optional.
For expressions in the FIELDS clause, an alias name is mandatory if the INTO
clause contains an inline declaration.

Note
Inline declarations of internal tables are only supported after INTO
TABLE. You cannot use inline declarations after INTO
CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE.

Inline-declared internal tables are always standard tables without a key. You
cannot declare sorted or hashed tables using inline declarations. This can
cause performance problems if you fill the internal table with many rows and
use key access a lot.

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When you are reading multiple records from the database, some special SQL
techniques become particularly interesting. One of these techniques is the
UNION directive to combine the results of several SELECT statements.

The figure illustrates the combination of two SELECT results:

The first SELECT result reads ID and NAME of all carriers with
CURRENCY_CODE = 'GBP'. The second SELECT reads ID and NAME of all
airports with CITY = 'London'. The first SELECT returns one record, the second
SELECT returns three records. Instead of retrieving these results separately,
they are combined into one result with four records. It is important to point out
that this happens inside the database.

A prerequisite for this technique is, of course, that the two results are
compatible with each other, that is, that they have the same number of fields,
the same field names. It is beneficial, though not necessary, that the types of
the fields are also the same.

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The ABAP SQL syntax for this example consists of two SELECT statements.
Each SELECT statement has its own FROM clause, FIELDS clause, and WHERE
clause, but there is only one INTO clause at the very end. The two SELECT
statements are connected by keywords UNION ALL.

Note
With UNION instead of UNION ALL, the database would look for
and eliminate duplicates before returning the result. We use UNION
ALL to avoid this unnecessary additional load on the database.

Both field lists consist of three elements, the first and second element have
identical alias names in both FIELDS clauses. The third field does not need an
alias because the field name is the same in both CDS Views.

Note
The first element in FIELDS is a literal text that allows us to
distinguish between Airlines and Airports in the combined result.

Try It Out: Internal Tables in ABAP SQL

1. As in the first exercise of this course, create a new global class that
implements interface IF_OO_ADT_CLASSRUN.

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8/15/25, 10:18 AM Working with Complex Internal Tables

2. Copy the following code snippet to the implementation part of method

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if_oo_adt_classrun~main( ):

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Code Snippet


1
2 TYPES: BEGIN OF st_airport,
3 airportid TYPE /dmo/airport_id,
4 name TYPE /dmo/airport_name,
5 END OF st_airport.
6
7 TYPES tt_airports TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF st_
8 WITH NON-UNIQUE KEY a
9
10 DATA airports TYPE tt_airports.
11
12
13 * Example 1: Structured Variables in SELECT SIN
14 ***********************************************
15
16 DATA airport_full TYPE /DMO/I_Airport.
17
18 SELECT SINGLE
19 FROM /DMO/I_Airport
20 FIELDS AirportID, Name, City, CountryCode
21 WHERE City = 'Zurich'
22 INTO @airport_full.
23
24 out->write( `-----------------------------
25 out->write( `Example 1: SELECT SINGLE ... 
 

3. Press CTRL + F3 on your keyboard to activate the class and F9 to execute

the console app.
4. Analyze the console output. Debug the program, play around with the
source code to get familiar with the concepts.

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8/15/25, 10:18 AM Working with Complex Internal Tables

Learning Use a Complex Internal Table

Subscribe

In this exercise, you declare a table-like attribute, fill it using a SELECT

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statement and access the content.

Template:
/LRN/CL_S4D400_STS_STRUCTURE (global Class)

Solution:
/LRN/CL_S4D400_ITS_ITAB (global Class)

Task 1: Copy Template

Copy the template class. Alternatively, copy your solution of the previous
exercise.

Steps
1. Copy the class /LRN/CL_S4D400_STS_STRUCTURE to a class in your own package
(suggested name: ZCL_##_ITAB , where ## stands for your group number).

a. Open the source code of the global class /LRN/CL_S4D400_STS_STRUCTURE .

b. Link the Project Explorer view with the editor.

c. In the Project Explorer view, right-click the class

/LRN/CL_S4D400_STS_STRUCTURE to open the context menu.

d. From the context menu, choose Duplicate ....

e. Enter the name of your package in the Package field. In the Name field,
enter the name ZCL_##_ITAB , where ## stands for your group number.

f. Adjust the description and choose Next.

g. Confirm the transport request and choose Finish.

Task 2: Declare an Internal Table

In the local class, declare a static, table-like attribute airports to buffer detail
information on all available airports. Begin by defining a private structure type
st_airport and a table type tt_airports inside the local class.

Steps
1. Switch to the local class lcl_connection .

a. In the global class, choose Local Types.

2. Define a private structure type st_airport with the following components:

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Components of structure type st_airport :

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Component
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CoreType
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Name

AirportID /dmo/airport_id

Name /dmo/airport_name

a. Adjust the code as follows:

Code Snippet

1
2 TYPES:
3 BEGIN OF st_details,
4 DepartureAirport TYPE /dmo/airport_from
5 DestinationAirport TYPE /dmo/airport_to_i
6 AirlineName TYPE /dmo/carrier_name
7 END OF st_details.
8
9 TYPES:
10 BEGIN OF st_airport,
11 AirportId TYPE /dmo/airport_id,
12 Name TYPE /dmo/airport_name,
13 END OF st_airport.
14

 

3. Define a private table type tt_airports with the following properties:

Properties of table type tt_airports :

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Property Value

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Line type st_airport

Table kind STANDARD TABLE

NON-UNIQUE DEFAULT
Key Definition
KEY

a. Adjust the code as follows:

Code Snippet

1
2 TYPES:
3 BEGIN OF st_airport,
4 AirportId TYPE /dmo/airport_id,
5 Name TYPE /dmo/airport_name,
6 END OF st_airport.
7
8 TYPES tt_airports TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF st_a
9 WITH NON-UNIQUE DEFAUL
10

 

4. Declare a new private static attribute airports and type it with table type
tt_airports. .

a. At the end of the class definition, add the following code:

Code Snippet

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8/15/25, 10:18 AM Working with Complex Internal Tables

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2 CLASS-DATA airports TYPE tt_airports.
3
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Task 3: Fill the Static Attribute in a Class

Constructor
Define a class constructor and implement a SELECT statement that reads all
available airports from the CDS view entity /DMO/I_Airports into the static
attribute Airports .

Steps
1. Add a class constructor to the local class lcl_connection using a quick fix.

a. Place the cursor on the name of the class and press Ctrl + 1 .

b. Double-click on Generate class constructor.

2. In the class constructor, implement a SELECT statement that reads all data
sets from the CDS view entity /DMO/I_Airports into the static attribute
Airports .

a. Navigate to the implementation of the method class_constructor .

b. Inside the method implementation, add the following code:

Code Snippet

1
2 SELECT FROM /DMO/I_Airport
3 FIELDS AirportID, Name
4 INTO TABLE @airports.
5

Task 4: Access the Content of the Internal Table

Use the content of internal table Airports in the method get_output to add
the airport names to the output.

Steps
1. Navigate to the implementation of the method get_output .

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8/15/25, 10:18 AM Working with Complex Internal Tables

a. Proceed as you have done in previous exercises.

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2. At the beginning of the method, read the details of the departure airport
into a structured data object departure .
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Learning Hint
Use a table expression Airports[ ... ] and an inline
declaration for the data object departure .
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a. At the beginning of the method, add the following code:
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2 DATA(departure) = airports[ airportID = detail
3
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About SAP 3. Similarly, read the details of the destination airport into a structured data
object destination .
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a. Adjust the code as follows:
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2 DATA(departure) = airports[ airportID = detail
3 DATA(destination) = airports[ airportID = detail
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4. Use the component name of the two structures to add the airport names to
the
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a. Adjust the code as follows:

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2 APPEND |Departure: { details-departureairpor
3 APPEND |Destination: { details-destinationairp
4

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5. Optional: Omit the structured data object and use the table expressions
directly in the string templates.

a. Comment the code lines where you fill the structures departure and
destination .

b. In the string template replace departure-name with airports[ airportid =

details-departureairport ]-name .

c. Similarly replace destination-name with airports[ airportid = details-

destination ]-name .

6. Activate the class. Execute it and analyze the console output. Check that
the output displays data for all attributes.

a. Press Ctrl + F3 to activate the class.

b. Press F9 to run the class.

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