§>Se> Te > Pa (eel Te Blection gain = AL> ha> En 9TH enthalpy S$ > Se > Te > . SL>¢|> Ge? sn > Pb PG et te Is “> +2 ty 4G ge 2) pe th (te 2 bp tug > Stability of =2 oxidation 4) down the group [Po--2d Magen = genenaly_shons_=2_but_gp 402 Es —— = due_to_inext poix_effect_- stability of louis — ~——_Oxidation_stote (44) Pond sanity oa jdgtion stake (46) 42 Reactivity with Mv - Hy dxide __—___ aE 24) O,5,Se, te Ese ‘ Hoo fas fase Ba te Hoe ® i = 15 < Hoge 4 Ho @ Thexrnal_stobilit} 20> H2S >HaSe > Mate _— MP4 GP H2O> Hote > H2Se > Hos H-pond i R i = oxi 2 ite csite — or? 7 EQ2 E03 i 9s sas Sg Le EE a er - esac taal iain i a eS [802 Safes 7 160 ee Reaueing oh. Agent ~ agen! r ‘ : . a hid $ Seor —> doy yg HK Didxugen (02) : —__] he - otk ~ ? 2KCO3 Heat + ‘ Fine a BO. Pexmag nate) Petal decamposition of fss gence metay oxide a a ——L_Phaga Ao tho to, —- PbOr >> Phot o2 ge Beale_eiectnalysis 01 bio He gos. = Seagihode oan — 92 gas > dnede__v} Met | 4 Vinauss i) =O | —— ‘aaa ce Bell aes b oe ia os poxomagnetic Cor) ——___ | i | : = oxi | neithes Acidic nox basic ‘ Cot or — Cad zns +02 —> 2no +02 ii NO. CO. Nee, 420 | AY Foz —PAlegy eu On > Cone - | Metal Oxide ~ basic ; l > 2+Or O85 SO I > co c+ Coc, Clat i 7 = Oeidic | Mp20> eas Zo 1 ’ | i : : Simple oxide Mixed Oxide i Ozone MgO. Al2O5_ Pb3adu , Feat i> SS t Sho __Fe 0 _ Prep. steam of Oxygen 5 _possed thacugh silent i Pho, Fe20.5_ —flectiic discharge ___ Types oF simple oxide f 2 = ———j_ eee i 2 DH =4v1 sie oul 3) hast "| rh > 14 ' el j a ———_1s_lsed tO pievent de i zone —____~ Sox, Cl.07 » COa, N2Os No2o —> Neaw _ Va camposilian af 0; . +7 — ——= if more than 107. azone is sequised, a batters — wo ped Cao —> ca (on) | SS Dee ieod ; : ; _ Mix ytlo4 Hels BaG_— Balan - nizes used pure azane is candenséd th _——. 42605 “~—~vessel_suaazounded by tig G2 ___ eps =T= oa = teamed Tas — O2- a — O21 — dH= -™ == L I OS = tve Bxn ___| » og —> Os + Co] > Poinenful_Oxidizing agent _ | o o> Sx = 0 12% Pr Ta? Not x oO FBG / = Angulay | (yellow), Ce a staple above ~ ___Stoble oF yoom yemp os _ | Apetow 369) a Ih a ____4_suphos 226 Sulphur below 363. _ OF fex aga k. At_369 fk both & aren —_ Spar suites abe | =< Ti (Lt A> Sviphox_ Ib 1S foamed i soihie_in in posits avi | a l= 6n s Kis fopr, Tidak 52._= Paxamagnetic Like” Gx. 2 S02 7-80 : sai + Hag = io a bE S02 Sulphi? __acisie_Solh + a ie a ————_Paepn FeS2 + O21: pep eee lesen ESI Pampas = + Hag ——> He 809, = S02 + Nadh —> NO» S03 fF Ils j dime Wak) j 02503 + 502 NaH $0 5 WINS Puylky| Lt) ie ee Tan + cl i. chaicest 60.261 ——___ Deatelys! —_ Suiphoxy! chloride a C = Oot O2 ¥205, SO Catalyst 2 | > = i A = Fet3. $2 8024 H20 —> Fet? + SOU” +H! Mn®y + S02 + H20 —> Mnf? + sow? pHs Wg) Lonsphoate Sie “_Paeph__Comiact _pracess_—> _3._Siep_puacess__ a - 8 Busning of Sulphur OX sulphideoe — 80s. produce ce @ soa 4 Or 1 — {6 Sat W230 —> H28207 Voleun I J Liz dition Of Gleum [H2S207) with Heo > Hasou or Gesiyed Conen: = |B W204 Obisined by Contact > 96 18. 3] 2 di i => i of 4 = Cone Has fs Odded in H20 slowly by const shikai, Ip th gq: Soir x jsaria- | H2s0uaq) t 120 12) —> H30'lag) + WSOP fag) eaves “ HSou (ag) + 26 l)—> fant cag) + BO% cay) aye, FES Taxe 12x Ce cone: Hasou —> -ahyaig en | | C2 a2 0 jac + 1 H2d + iH ae Hasdy * 7 Mor cone. H2gou-> madexate Oxidizing Ager Ly Redure S02 “co # Cone W259 “ Cyusdus S02 VS 4 nv 502 4 Heo Te 3 tr > co, } So Hoo | H2$207 a —Trurbn_aca J ie, Coley \No | oo |: u —= -b_) Gru 7 $$ —__Gixeck_holn_means salt and_genes_meahs_bosn_ie_gqj | Fiovine _F _9__{ He} 28* 2pS fm | i cl 7 Ney 3s? ——Lindine x53 {fa} ual? Ss G0 __ af i Cie} ucla sal as? Gp ine 15 Rn] SF" 6d! 75? 7P5 => Cl, Bx. Tose piesent Os chlosides, Brarside lode — —__—6£_sadivm_. potossium » Colcium. Magnesium ¢ he ___=3 The diied vp seas _contain__sodium ._Rbvanids—Dind——— _Coxnalite ( Kel. Mgel2. 6H20) a > Iodine iS also present _in_sea_weqds (05 ind — Sie Shale peta Poniaie_ipta_ 0-2-7. of sodivh— ie — , a, *! ‘Electsonic_conki quadtion = autesmest. Shell electaone configuaation is ns? np& +t 3 —_______, ——— . Shells ._Halagens have smatiest size in theix respecte __ ell Tonizatian enthay fj eal remy See — | ine to_toui_tendency_is_loseelectinn_. they have gp JE. ~ | Down the _guovp_:E due ta % jn Size —___. Electxon goin Enthalpg- C1 > F> By > j has_less Clecteon gain enthalpy than cl because oF _- (isto sie_and_incoming_<= fis xepusie fat — eeiaion_Fnihaey= 0 eM yectann 2epiia— fh eciyan= —~—___Renson_fox_this_is—lorge—t! duc! among the ione_pairs. iach ess_bond — ! hey zequise_Sol Fee proct uuih wanex nond 1 spag}y [Sete nari saiein-vounns sg Solvents . —_ts - a pmo geet it Shows -Oniy =) o- -Note.'A halogen oxidise halide ions oF highes atomic | number Ex- Fo + 2x7 —> 2F~ +x C¥= COs, or Note - Elbosine oxidies togter i DFs + 2M20 —» ynt + 4E~ toe gen bids ag ba ten os He Icon —__ Reaction Of T taiih wates is pon spantaneas . Jo — be salalned by Sage in_deidis_mediuen __——~ Gy- 4 MRA + O2 —> 27. + ong I j | t WLS . Anamalous —behoviovs_of _Fivosine_ is .. — TE EN- electrode potential ose higher Fos F ‘han expected fiom ihe hends_Set_by_halogens _ | = covalen L4 isnic_todii. MPABP. pond dissocauon —+S l —f eaibauny—and_elettain gots Cndkoley—15 Alle lowes thin > Tt Foams only one “quand 1 HOF 2 aS AS = fare Qs__Stiong_Oxidizing agent _| Reason - Due to smaties size. highex EN ana Non ovaibolity af d opbitat | —#_Chemical_propexties : | X + Hoa —> yu (Hydxogen halide) | Fo +H — HE Bx + h2— Hay | Clo + Ho — Hel J2 42-9 Hr a HES Hel> HOE > HE ee ee dissociation energy HE¢ Hel & HRrd WE a ——-Reducing_naiuae- Releases _H_easily ———_HF< Kel < uaa NoNoe siysaogen— oleae disse in lantex 19 forn htt, —|_HE oct as a veny staang deducing —egent ___ _. | s Oe —JOseS_ at yon p but HE is quid | A en_Oxides axe unio, eon 2 Oxides _f-¢ : 7 Stable_ok 288 t OaF,- Th as G Stability of oxides _- J >0)> Bx (pve to combinattin.-— kinelic_ond thermodynamic faeigq) a Lt (CLI —— TA = af 10! fury cals» MEX > Ma | U 3 ee }WOads_metal: x wy Tretat halides! _ te BN ta Ma Fi = — tonic e > ers 5 7 \| 7 { : itl . Ee C1 Covalen + he, _Snet | 4 | aus? + ree Of halogen towards othes halogen. iB | i of Compounds calied _inteshatagens : | chiowine_ : f a on - Ma ioxt Y MnO + Hor eane-) —*-> hing ete + H29 ; E MnG2 + Nad + H2$04 85 Mneis 4 cp +420 +NaHSo, - r = Dkrndy +IGHC —> 2kCl $ 2Minglz + GH20 +SC : | y ———— Manufocine i) _Decan's process - Oxdt of Her : 1 BS cat Hel +0, Cla + H20 i i Tt ; vaca) e 20 ——» NOON + H2b Ci Car ree ee ~————Piiopenties: Gxicenish Vellou_gas_» pangs dann, easily tiquified + Soloble_in_waier—? Heavies yhan eni_adous 4 suffecaris: +5 Hoo aeWo) /Renclian taith meio. ~ Reaction. with nonmera Ex Alt Cla=? Alel eee Py Cha | wave yad Sg eC aU Fe tite te dh eas : Reaction taith H containing Campounds 4 Ma + Cia => We) HS ek Cl, —) Hel kS Crome +e > Hel FC => a —___IRx i 4 - i jive ide NoOH + Cin —> Noch ¢ Notig, + Hig a _= Cpa + +H —_—-Run_iith hydracatbon Ex - _| cau +c Chad) + Hey (meio! chiorie) - Hu + Cle Roomt, Hea: . ] a eg | Ram with ammonia ex. _ +h (excess) + (, —> Nutr bye — WH3 + Clog Nia + He a an oa ee 5 FeSOy + H2S0u fF Cl2 —» Fes (soy) 3 +e! a | Nasso3 + (2 + M29 —» Norsou + Ha it Soe fF Ch k Ho — > Hasey + Ace yz ot Ch fhe — > wrOs p He == (tt) Bleaching effect of CL. = Chictine 15.4 pouentur biti —Fagen._bessing action s_aue_16_ ot Hons bikieh pent i ta + tas 2 aust £01 tnpscens_snysen! ‘coinnzed Substance + Co] —> Coloyaiess Substane: = on . - I i ecg, CHC Opt 1 SeFRigzaD Used In stenisising dainking wolcy y ! 2 Q) Nome tio Poigenons tbich can be prepared Form C12? X coca), teay gas_C cis Naa) MUstoM gas 1 |_CCcria Che See CH? C1) - I Q'! cin + Noon —> Noc! + Nocld; + H20 TS this weachon - G_dispopostionate Keaction 5 2 Yes Chiosine fosms @ oxidation giate 15 Changed fo 4 - Lan 45 oxidation Stare st : | Note~ Chioxine was discovesed by Scheele in O24 Tis ei #5 sine eet ———Laccoont of [ts colaus (Geek chio205_- Jueenish véllou) « I ee cig gly ge A Smale 5 suet ere ———-#£_Hudaogen Chiaalde (Hop) 9 ~——Giloubes__pre pared_this_ocid_in_16us_4_davg—in_18i0—— Showed that it is’ Compound of ona ¢» ———__— 7s ee Preparation [yon =_Naci + Hasoy “E> Nansoy + Her al Daesyers pereeeriomary tt, EE