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Collection Highlights

In Love with a Handsome Sailor The Emergence of Gay

Identity and the Novels of Pierre Loti 1st Edition Richard
M. Berrong

Thomas Mann Critical Lives 1st Edition Herbert Lehnert

Claude Debussy Critical Lives 1st Edition David J. Code

Alfred Russel Wallace Critical Lives 1st Edition Patrick

Armstrong
Adjustment Policies Poverty and Unemployment The IMMPA
Framework 1st Edition Pierre-Richard Agenor

Where There Is No Dentist 15th updated printing 2018 (Sept

1, 2018) Edition Murray Dickson

Bon Appetit Oct 2018 Bon Appetit

The Legacy of Pierre Bourdieu Critical Essays First

Edition Simon Susen And Bryan S. Turner (Editors)

Critical Sociology 2nd Edition Steven M. Buechler

Pierre Loti 2018 CRITICAL LIVES Richard M. Berrong
Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Richard M. Berrong
ISBN(s): 9781780239958, 1780239955
Edition: Illustrated
File Details: PDF, 9.11 MB
Year: 2018
Language: english
Pierre Loti
Titles in the series Critical Lives present the work of leading cultural figures of the
modern period. Each book explores the life of the artist, writer, philosopher or archi-
tect in question and relates it to their major works.

In the same series

Antonin Artaud David A. Shafer Franz Kafka Sander L. Gilman

Roland Barthes Andy Stafford Frida Kahlo Gannit Ankori
Georges Bataille Stuart Kendall Søren Kierkegaard Alastair Hannay
Charles Baudelaire Rosemary Lloyd Yves Klein Nuit Banai
Simone de Beauvoir Ursula Tidd Arthur Koestler Edward Saunders
Samuel Beckett Andrew Gibson Akira Kurosawa Peter Wild
Walter Benjamin Esther Leslie Lenin Lars T. Lih
John Berger Andy Merrifield Pierre Loti Richard M. Berrong
Leonard Bernstein Paul R. Laird Jean-François Lyotard Kiff Bamford
Joseph Beuys Claudia Mesch Stéphane Mallarmé Roger Pearson
Jorge Luis Borges Jason Wilson Gabriel García Márquez Stephen M. Hart
Constantin Brancusi Sanda Miller Karl Marx Paul Thomas
Bertolt Brecht Philip Glahn Henry Miller David Stephen Calonne
Charles Bukowski David Stephen Calonne Herman Melville Kevin J. Hayes
Mikhail Bulgakov J.A.E. Curtis Yukio Mishima Damian Flanagan
William S. Burroughs Phil Baker Eadweard Muybridge Marta Braun
John Cage Rob Haskins Vladimir Nabokov Barbara Wyllie
Albert Camus Edward J. Hughes Pablo Neruda Dominic Moran
Fidel Castro Nick Caistor Georgia O’Keeffe Nancy J. Scott
Paul Cézanne Jon Kear Octavio Paz Nick Caistor
Coco Chanel Linda Simon Pablo Picasso Mary Ann Caws
Noam Chomsky Wolfgang B. Sperlich Edgar Allan Poe Kevin J. Hayes
Jean Cocteau James S. Williams Ezra Pound Alec Marsh
Salvador Dalí Mary Ann Caws Marcel Proust Adam Watt
Guy Debord Andy Merrifield Arthur Rimbaud Seth Whidden
Claude Debussy David J. Code John Ruskin Andrew Ballantyne
Gilles Deleuze Frida Beckman Jean-Paul Sartre Andrew Leak
Fyodor Dostoevsky Robert Bird Erik Satie Mary E. Davis
Marcel Duchamp Caroline Cros Arthur Schopenhauer Peter B. Lewis
Sergei Eisenstein Mike O’Mahony Adam Smith Jonathan Conlin
William Faulkner Kirk Curnutt Susan Sontag Jerome Boyd Maunsell
Gustave Flaubert Anne Green Gertrude Stein Lucy Daniel
Michel Foucault David Macey Igor Stravinsky Jonathan Cross
Mahatma Gandhi Douglas Allen Pyotr Tchaikovsky Philip Ross Bullock
Jean Genet Stephen Barber Leon Trotsky Paul Le Blanc
Allen Ginsberg Steve Finbow Mark Twain Kevin J. Hayes
Günter Grass Julian Preece Richard Wagner Raymond Furness
Ernest Hemingway Verna Kale Simone Weil Palle Yourgrau
Derek Jarman Michael Charlesworth Tennessee Williams Paul Ibell
Alfred Jarry Jill Fell Ludwig Wittgenstein Edward Kanterian
James Joyce Andrew Gibson Virginia Woolf Ira Nadel
Carl Jung Paul Bishop Frank Lloyd Wright Robert McCarter
Pierre Loti

Richard M. Berrong

reaktion books
Published by Reaktion Books Ltd
Unit 32, Waterside
44–48 Wharf Road
London n1 7ux, uk

www.reaktionbooks.co.uk

First published 2018

Copyright © Richard M. Berrong 2018

All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system

or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the
publishers

Printed and bound in Great Britain by Bell & Bain, Glasgow

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

isbn 978 1 78023 995 8

 Contents

Note on Texts and Abbreviations 6

Introduction 7
1 The Idyllic Years (1850–65) 12
2 Times of Crisis, Times of Decision (1865–6) 21
3 Paris in the 1860s 26
4 In the Navy (1867–77) 32
5 A Successful Author – and Alter-ego – Is Born (1877–81) 50
6 The Writer Becomes a Self-conscious Artist (1882–6) 77
7 Art, Memory and the Use of One to Highlight
the Other (1886–90) 99
8 Life at the Top (1891–1900) 122
9 A Feminist in Spite of Himself? (1900–1906) 149
10 Loti the Turkophile (1907–14) 166
11 Diplomat and War Correspondent (1914–18) 175
12 Last Years (1919–23) 182
13 Life after Death (1923–?) 185

References 188
Select Bibliography 207
Acknowledgements 215
Photo Acknowledgements 216
 Note on Texts and Abbreviations

French titles are used on first mention of a work, with an English

translation in brackets; thereafter, the English translation only is given.
Quotations from Loti’s literary works have been referenced by chapter
number, following convention in Loti scholarship. References for
quotations from Loti’s works are made using the following abbreviations:

Adam Pierre Loti, Lettres de Pierre Loti à Madame Juliette Adam

(1880–1922) (Paris, 1924)
Child The Story of a Child
Disenchanted The Disenchanted
Galilee Galilee
Inédite Pierre Loti, Correspondance inédite 1865–1904, ed. Nadine
Duvignau and N. Serban (Paris, 1929)
Journal Pierre Loti, Journal, 5 vols (Paris, 2006–17), ed. Alain
Quella-Villéger and Bruno Vercier
Marriage The Marriage of Loti
Peking The Last Days of Peking
Soldats Pierre Loti, Soldats bleus: Journal intime 1914–1918, ed.
Alain Quella-Villéger and Bruno Vercier (Paris, 1998)
Speech Loti’s speech upon entering the French Academy:
Discours de réception à l’Académie française (Paris, 1892)
Youth First Youth
Yves My Brother Yves

Where published English translations are quoted in this book, these have
been indicated. All other translations are my own.

6
 Introduction

Who was Pierre Loti and why would he be of interest to you?

A century ago readers with an interest in literature would have
laughed at that question. Elected in 1891 to the French Academy,
France’s highest distinction for men – and more recently women
– of letters, Julien Viaud, who became famous under the pen
name Pierre Loti, was admired during his lifetime both in France
and out as a master of prose style whose best works appealed
to a broad audience as well as those with refined tastes. In his
introduction to the translation of a collection of short pieces by
Viaud published in England in 1898, Henry James hailed their
author as a ‘remarkable genius’, ‘one of the joys of the time’, ‘the
companion, beyond all others, of my own selection’.1 Willa Cather
confessed that ‘she would swoon with joy if anyone saw traces of
Loti in her work’ and assigned his masterpiece, Pêcheur d’Islande
(Iceland Fisherman), to her students in Pittsburgh when she
taught there.2 Joseph Conrad envied him his success and mined
one of his novels, Ramuntcho, for important elements in Heart of
Darkness. Marcel Proust used two other Viaud novels extensively
in the first part of À la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost
Time).
Since his death in 1923, however, though he remains in print
in France, Viaud’s name has largely disappeared from the list of
French authors known outside the country, unlike, for example, his
most popular contemporary and sometime rival, Émile Zola, or the

7
younger contemporary whose work most continues in Loti’s path,
Proust. It is difficult to explain this disappearance.
In part, no doubt, it was because some of his foreign publishers,
especially those in England and the United States, presented him
largely as a travel writer and exoticist rather than a serious novelist
like Zola or Proust. They repositioned half of his dozen novels to
fit that then-popular genre, retitling Aziyadé as Constantinople; Le
Mariage de Loti (The Marriage of Loti) as Tahiti; Le Roman d’un
spahi (The Story of a Spahi) as The Sahara; Mon frère Yves (My
Brother Yves) as A Tale of Brittany; Madame Chrysanthème (Madame
Chrysanthemum) – one of the sources for Puccini’s opera Madama
Butterfly – as Japan; and Ramuntcho as A Tale of the Pyrenees. The
beautiful coloured plates in the illustrated editions of these English
translations focused on picturesque landscapes rather than specific
scenes in the narratives. This tended to situate his works as light
reading rather than crafted art.
Part of the problem has also been, I suspect, that some of
Viaud’s novels no longer work well as popular fiction and never
found the more restricted audience to which they are likely to
appeal, the sort of reader who enjoys works like Proust’s mammoth
reflection on love and art, In Search of Lost Time. Like Proust, Viaud
knew that he was not meant to be a crafter of carefully wrought
plots in the style of Balzac, Flaubert, Zola or most popular fiction.
Proust conveyed his ideas about love, memory and art in one
long narrative that he developed for almost two decades. To make
such a unified, long-term effort seems never to have occurred to
Viaud, though he often used the same protagonist and perceived
his body of work as having a similar coherence: he advised potential
readers as early as 1891 from the very public podium of the French
Academy that he believed the works of significant fiction writers
were tied together by ‘the sort of unity without which they can be
neither great nor long-lasting’.3 Had he conceptualized his literary
endeavours as one sustained opus the way Proust did, he might

8
have found a more long-lasting readership abroad as well as at
home, one willing to accord his best work the serious reading that,
as I will show, it merits and rewards. Even as they stand, readers
will enjoy a richer experience of several of them by approaching
them as fragments of a similar large, reflective exploration of the
potential role of art in our lives.
Viaud conceived of his writing in terms of painting, and
particularly in terms of the sort of Impressionism that Monet was
developing at the time. As a result, some of his works can be read as
Impressionist paintings and discussions of Impressionism. Several
of his contemporaries understood that. Shortly after Viaud’s
death in 1923 and that of Monet in 1926, André Suarès, one of the
influential founders of La Nouvelle Revue française, went so far as to
proclaim that ‘far more than Sisley, Claude Monet or the Goncourt
brothers, Loti was the great Impressionist.’4 That position may be
extreme, but in 2007 French historian Franck Ferrand was still
willing to assert that ‘Pierre Loti [is] the only truly impressionist
writer of French literature.’5
Another element of Viaud’s opus that makes it of interest today
is that he was among the first Western novelists to devote sustained
sympathetic attention to the issue of male same-sex attraction. (If I
use that awkward phrase rather than ‘homosexuality’ or any of the
terms that have been developed in lgbt Studies over the last few
decades, it is because they all come with much-debated denotations
and connotations that do not apply to most of Viaud’s work.) The
author’s own sexuality has been argued in private and public texts
since he first became a celebrity. As we shall see, he had loving,
long-term relationships with several men through most of his adult
life. Over a hundred years later there is still no proof that he had sex
with any of them – but for whom is that still the criterion for being
homosexual? – and of course no proof that he did not, just as such
negative proof has never existed for any man. More interesting is
that, in an era when homosexual activity was for perhaps the first

9
Other documents randomly have
different content
 Oceanography - Lecture Notes
Fall 2025 - University

Prepared by: Prof. Brown

Date: August 12, 2025

Practice 1: Best practices and recommendations

Learning Objective 1: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 2: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 3: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 4: Case studies and real-world applications
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 5: Case studies and real-world applications
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 5: Literature review and discussion
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 6: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 6: Current trends and future directions
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Case studies and real-world applications
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 9: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Study tips and learning strategies
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 10: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Section 2: Critical analysis and evaluation
Remember: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 13: Experimental procedures and results
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Best practices and recommendations
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Literature review and discussion
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Historical development and evolution
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Conclusion 3: Theoretical framework and methodology
Note: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Practical applications and examples
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Experimental procedures and results
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 24: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 24: Current trends and future directions
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Experimental procedures and results
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 27: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Ethical considerations and implications
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Study tips and learning strategies
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 29: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Chapter 4: Assessment criteria and rubrics
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Case studies and real-world applications
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 33: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 34: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 35: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 37: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 38: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Appendix 5: Experimental procedures and results
Important: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 42: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 42: Literature review and discussion
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Ethical considerations and implications
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 46: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Key terms and definitions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 47: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Ethical considerations and implications
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 48: Ethical considerations and implications
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 50: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Exercise 6: Assessment criteria and rubrics
Note: Ethical considerations and implications
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 51: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Experimental procedures and results
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Best practices and recommendations
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Literature review and discussion
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 55: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 55: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 56: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Best practices and recommendations
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Part 7: Comparative analysis and synthesis
Example 60: Key terms and definitions
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 61: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
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