Sexually Transmitted Infections and Diseases
Introduction
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), also referred to as Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), are
infections primarily spread through sexual contact. They remain a major public health concern, especially
among adolescents and young adults. This project explores the types, causes, symptoms, and prevention of
STIs with the aim of educating young individuals about their health.
Common Types of STIs
1. HIV/AIDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus attacks the immune system and can progress to AIDS.
2. Chlamydia: A bacterial infection that may not show symptoms but can lead to infertility.
3. Gonorrhea: Affects the reproductive tract and may lead to serious complications if untreated.
4. Syphilis: Presents in stages and can damage organs over time.
5. HPV: Human Papillomavirus can cause genital warts and cervical cancer.
6. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Causes painful blisters around the genital or oral areas.
7. Trichomoniasis: Caused by a parasite, leading to itching, burning, or discharge.
Transmission and Causes
STIs are spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected partner. Some can also be transmitted
through blood transfusions, sharing needles, or from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding. Poor
hygiene, multiple sexual partners, and unprotected sex increase the risk of transmission.
Symptoms
STIs can present a variety of symptoms including:
- Unusual discharge from genitals
- Painful urination
- Genital sores or rashes
- Fever or flu-like symptoms
However, many STIs are asymptomatic, especially in early stages.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Sexually Transmitted Infections and Diseases
Regular screening is essential for early diagnosis. Tests include:
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- Swabs from genital areas
Treatments:
- Bacterial infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea are treated with antibiotics.
- Viral infections like herpes and HIV are managed with antiviral drugs.
Prevention
STIs can be prevented by:
- Practicing safe sex (using condoms)
- Getting vaccinated (e.g., HPV vaccine)
- Limiting the number of sexual partners
- Regular STI checkups and open communication with partners
Social Impact and Stigma
Stigma around STIs can discourage people from getting tested or treated. In India, cultural taboos and lack of
sex education contribute to misinformation. It's essential to promote awareness through education, public
health campaigns, and supportive environments.
Art Integration
Visuals like diagrams of virus structures (e.g., HIV, HPV), posters from WHO or National AIDS Control
Organisation (NACO), and infographics about prevention serve as educational tools and help spread
awareness.
Conclusion
Understanding STIs is crucial for every individual, especially adolescents. Prevention, early diagnosis, and
proper treatment can control the spread. Education empowers youth to make informed and responsible
decisions.
Sexually Transmitted Infections and Diseases
References
1. World Health Organization (WHO) - www.who.int
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - www.cdc.gov
3. National AIDS Control Organisation (India) - naco.gov.in
4. Mayo Clinic - www.mayoclinic.org
5. MedlinePlus - medlineplus.gov
