Sing Yin Secondary School

Biology First Term Test, 2016-2017

Form 6 Time allowed: 70 mins
Answer all questions. Total: 90 marks

Section A: Multiple Choices (40 marks)

1. Rejection can occur when the immune system of the recipient in an organ transplant recognizes the cells of the
donated organ as infected cells. This results in destruction of the cells of the donated organ.

Which of the following components of the immune system are directly responsible for destroying the cells of the
donated organ?

A killer T cells B lymphokines C plasma cells D memory B cells

2. Due to mutation, a new allele, G, arose in a population of an organism. It is dominant to another allele in the
same locus, g. The graph below shows the percentage of organisms in the population having allele G over 100
generations after the appearance of this allele.

100

percentage of
organisms in the
population 50
having allele G
(%)

0
50 100
number of generations

Which of the following statements is correct?

A Allele g was completely eliminated after 100 generations as a result of natural selection.
B Individuals with genotype GG have a higher chance of survival than individuals with genotype Gg.
C A new species formed after 100 generations.
D Allele G is an allele for a character that favours the survival of the organisms.

3. The mRNA produced from a template strand of DNA binds to a tRNA with an anticodon UAC. The
corresponding base sequence on the template strand of DNA is

A ATG. B AUG. C TAC. D UAC.

4. The gene for making sex hormones can be found in

(1) nerve cells. (2) white blood cells. (3) cells of the sex organs.

A (3) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
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5. The base sequences of a segment of a normal allele and some mutated forms of the allele are shown below.

normal allele … GGTAACTAA …

mutated allele (1) … GCTAACTAA …

mutated allele (2) … GATAAATAA …

mutated allele (3) … GGTACCTAA …

mutated allele (4) … GTAACTAA …

Which of the mutated alleles will most likely have the greatest effect on the organism?

A mutated allele (1)

B mutated allele (2)
C mutated allele (3)
D mutated allele (4)

6. The diagram below shows the evolutionary tree of species W, X, Y and Z.

W X Y Z

Which of the following statements cannot be deduced from the above diagram?

(1) Species Y is more closely related to species Z than to species W.

(2) Species W is extinct.
(3) Species W, X, Y and Z have a common ancestor.

A (2) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

7. If a person gets a deep cut in the skin, he/she may need an injection of anti-tetanus serum to prevent infection.
This is an example of

A natural active immunity

B natural passive immunity
C artificial active immunity
D artificial passive immunity
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8. The pedigree below shows the inheritance of a certain trait in a family. Whether an individual has phenotype M
or N is controlled by a pair of alleles.

Key:
(1) (2)
male with phenotype M

female with phenotype M

(3) (4) (5) (6)
male with phenotype N

female with phenotype N

(7) (8)

Which of the following information can be used to deduce whether phenotype M or N is dominant?

A Individual (5) shows the phenotype of his mother but not his father’s.
B Individual (7) shows phenotype M but both his parents show phenotype N.
C Like her parents, individual (8) shows phenotype N.
D There are more individuals who show phenotype N than individuals who show phenotype M.

9. The diagram below shows the DNA fingerprints of the parents and three children in a family.

Father (1) (2) (3) (4)

Which of the individuals are the children in the family?

A individuals (1), (2) and (3) only

B individuals (1), (2) and (4) only
C individuals (1), (3) and (4) only
D individuals (2), (3) and (4) only
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10. Variations in height among children with the same biological parents are caused by
(1) meiosis in gamete formation
(2) random fusion of gametes
(3) influence of environmental factors

A (3) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

11. The eye color of Siamese cat is controlled by a pair of alleles. A cross between two brown-eyed cats produced
four offspring, of which three had green eyes and one had brown eyes. Which of the following is correct?
Conclusion Evidence
A Brown eye is dominant. The phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 3:1.
B Brown eye is dominant. Two brown-eyed parents produce green-eyed offspring.
C Green eye is dominant. The phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 3:1.
D Green eye is dominant. Two brown-eyed parents produce green-eyed offspring.

12. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is caused by Ebola virus. The virus is present in the body fluids of EVD patients.
Other people may become infected when the virus enters their bodies through the mucous membranes or the
wounds.

Which of the following is the most effective measure to reduce the spread of EVD?

A spray pesticides
B sterilize drinking water
C cook the food thoroughly
D wear gloves when handling wounds

13. The graph below shows the number of different species of organisms recorded in four sites.

100
90
80
number of organisms

Key:
70
60 site I
site II
50
site III
40 site IV
30
20
10
0
species W species X species Y species Z

Which site has the highest species diversity?

A site I B site II C site III D site IV
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Directions: Questions 14 and 15 refer to the table below, which shows the characters of four children in a family.

Height Blood Eye

(cm) group colour
Suzie 156 A Brown
Sally 160 O Brown
Eric 176 A Blue
Kenny 180 AB Blue

14. Suzie and Sally are twins. Which of the following information allows you to determine whether they are identical
twins or fraternal twins?

(1) They are different in height.

(2) They are of different blood groups.
(3) They have the same eye colour.

A (1) only B (2) only C (3) only D (1) and (2) only

15. Which of the following are the possible blood groups of their parents?

(1) A and B (2) AB and A (3) AB and O

A (1) only B (3) only C (1) and (2) only D (2) and (3) only

16. The following diagram shows the procedure for producing genetically modified (GM) bacteria which can be
used to manufacture human insulin:

Which of the above processes require(s) enzymes?

A (3) only B (1) and (2) only C (1), (2) and (3) only D (1), (2), (3) and (4)
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17. Which of the following are the risk factors of cancers?

(1) ageing (2) viral infection (3) gene mutation

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

18. Which of the following statements about non-insulin-dependent diabetes is correct?

A It occurs only in adults.
B It is caused by insufficient insulin secretion.
C It occurs as a result of insulin-producing cells being destroyed by the immune system.
D It can be prevent by healthy eating habits.

19. Which of the following organs of a foetus will be the first to receive antibodies from the maternal blood?

A the lung B the heart C the brain D lymph node in the armpit

20. Which of the following is/are needed for the formation of a blood clot at a wound?
(1) fibrinogen (2) blood platelets (3) red blood cells (4) white blood cells

A (1) and (2) only

B (3) and (4) only
C (1), (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2), (3) and (4)

Section B: Structured Questions (50 marks)

1. The pedigree below shows the inheritance of a blood disease in a family. The disease is controlled by a pair of
alleles.

Key:

1 2 normal female

normal male

3 4 5 6 female having
the disease
male having the
disease
7 8 9 10

a Is the allele for this disease dominant or recessive? Explain how you arrive at your answer. (Marks will not
be awarded for genetic diagrams.) (4 marks)
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b Explain why it is not possible for the allele for the disease to be located on the X chromosome. (3 marks)

c The blood disease can be treated by replacing the bone marrow of the patient with bone marrow from a
healthy donor. Can the treatment prevent the offspring of the patient from inheriting the allele of the
disease? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
Total: 9 marks

2. Hemagglutinin (H spike) is an antigenic glycoprotein on the surface of the influenza virus. It is responsible for
binding the virus to the cell that is being infected. Subtypes N1 and N2 have been positively linked to
epidemics in man.

ai Explain why the rise in the level of antibodies to hemagglutinin indicates the influenza infection. (1 mark)

ii State two ways by which antibodies combat against the virus. (4 marks)

b Influenza flu is a generally mild illness, yet it imposes great impacts on the local community.

i) Discuss how our non-specific defence mechanisms can protect us against influenza. (2 marks)

ii) Suggest two ways in which individuals can contribute to slow down the spreading of epidemic. (2 marks)

c The use of antibiotics and vaccination are possible means of disease control.

i) For protection against flu, people can have a vaccination before the onset of the flu season. State the principle
of the vaccination. (4 marks)

ii) Give two reasons why antibiotics are not recommended for treating flu. (2 marks)

d Suggest why the composition of the flu vaccines has to be reviewed each year by the World Health Organization.

(1 mark)

Total: 16 marks
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3. Warfarin can make rats bleed to death and is used as a poison to control rat populations. The graph below shows
the change in the percentage of warfarin-resistant rats in a population over 4 years. A high level of warfarin was
applied in the second year.

warfarin used
100

warfarin-resistant rats (%)

80
percentage of

60

40

20

0
1 2 3 4
time (year)

a. How can resistance to warfarin suddenly appear in an isolated population of rats which has never been
exposed to warfarin before? (1 mark)

b. Using the theory of natural selection by Darwin, explain the process which led to the change in the
percentage of warfarin-resistant rats during the second year. (4 marks)

c. Suggest whether warfarin-resistant or non-resistant rats can survive better in an environment without
warfarin. Support your answer using data from the graph. (2 marks)
Total: 7 marks

4. There are about 400 different species of cichlid fish in Lake Malawi in Africa. They show a variety of colour
patterns.

Cichlid fish
a. In the past, there were long periods during which the water level of Lake Malawi was very low and separate
smaller lakes were formed. Explain how the splitting up of Lake Malawi may have led to speciation of
cichlid fish. (4 marks)

b. Suggest how the variety of colour patterns shown by cichlid fish may help to maintain the fish as separate
species. (2 marks)
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c. In an investigation, cichlid fish of the same species but taken from different populations (X, Y and Z) were
allowed to mate with one another. The table below shows the number of times mating occurred between
individuals in different populations.

Female fish from X Female fish from Y Female fish from Z

Male fish from X 25 0 6
Male fish from Y 0 32 0
Male fish from Z 4 0 18

(i) Calculate the percentage of mating that involves individuals from the same population. Show your
working. (2 marks)
(ii) Describe the mating preferences shown by the cichlid fish from the three populations. (2 marks)
(iii) Suggest which population is most likely to become a separate species with reason. (2 marks)

Total: 12 marks

5. Explain how the structure of DNA molecule shows that it is good for storing genetic information.
Total: 6 marks

END OF THE PAPER