MATHEMATICS

PAPER 1

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12

NOVEMBER 2020
TOTAL: 150

MEMORANDUM
FINAL AFTER MEMO DISCUSSION

THIS DOCUMENT CONSISTS OF 14 PAGES.

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QUESTION 1

SUGGESTED ANSWERS DESCRIPTORS

1.1.1 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0 Standard form
(𝑥 – 3)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
Factors
𝑥 = 3 or 𝑥 = −2
𝑥 = 3 ; 𝑥 = −2
(3)

1.1.2 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 > 2(𝑥 − 1)

𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 > 0 Standard form
(𝑥 – 2)(𝑥 – 1) > 0
Both critical
values /factors

Notation
𝑥 > 2 or 𝑥 < 1 (4)

1.1.3 (√𝑥 + 1)2 = (1 − 2𝑥)2 Square both

𝑥 + 1 = 1 − 4𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 sides
0 = 4𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 Simplify
0 = 𝑥(4𝑥 – 5)
5 Factors
𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = 4 (n.a.)
𝑥 = 0
5
Identify n.a.
4
(5)

1 1
1.2 2𝑦 − 10 = 𝑥 + 3 and 𝑦= 𝑥2 +
2 2

2𝑦 = 𝑥 + 13 . . . . . . . (𝐴) 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 . . . . . . ( 𝐵)
2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1
Equalize (𝐴) and (𝐵)

∴ 𝑥 2 + 1 = 𝑥 + 13 Equalize

𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 12 = 0
(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 3) = 0
𝑥=4 or 𝑥 = −3 2 𝑥 values

Substitute back:
2𝑦 = 4 + 13 or 2𝑦 = −3 + 13 2 y values
17 1 (6)
𝑦 = 2 = 82 𝑦 = 5
---------------------------------------------OR------------------------------------
𝑥 = 2𝑦 − 13 . . . . . . (A)
𝑥 = 2𝑦 − 13
1 2 1
Substitute in: 𝑦 = 2 (2𝑦 − 13) + 2
2𝑦 = 4𝑦² − 52𝑦 + 169 + 1
Equation
2𝑦 2 − 27𝑦 + 85 = 0
(2y – 1)(y – 5) = 0
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17 1
𝑦 = = 82 𝑦 = 5
2
2 𝑦 values
Substitute back:
2 𝑥 values
𝑥=4 or 𝑥 = −3 (6)

1.3 1 1
𝑥2 + 𝑥− 2
3 1
𝑥2 − 𝑥− 2
1
−2
𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)
= 1
Factorise
− numerator
𝑥 2 (𝑥 2 − 1)
Factorise
(𝑥+1) Denominator
=
(𝑥+1)(𝑥−1) Simplify
Difference of
1 two squares
=
𝑥−1 Answer
(5)
--------------------------- or -------------------------- ----------------
1 1
−2
𝑥2 + 𝑥
3 1
−2
𝑥2 − 𝑥
1
√𝑥 + 𝑥 √𝑥 Writing in root-
√
= 3 1 × form
√𝑥 − √𝑥
√𝑥
√𝑥
𝑥+1 ×
= √𝑥
𝑥 2 −1
Simplify
(𝑥+1)
=
(𝑥+1)(𝑥−1) Difference of
two squares
1
= Answer
𝑥−1
(5)

--------------------------- or -------------------------- ----------------

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1 1 Writing in pos
𝑥2 + 𝑥− 2 exponent
3 1
𝑥2 − 𝑥− 2 LCD

1 3
1 1
= (𝑥 + 2 1) ÷ (𝑥 −2 1 )
𝑥2 𝑥2 Simplify
𝑥+1 𝑥 2 −1
= 1 ÷ 1
𝑥2 𝑥2 Difference of
two squares
1
𝑥+1 𝑥2
= × Answer
1
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1) (5)
𝑥2

1
=
𝑥−1

1.4 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 5 + 3𝑥 4 + 𝑘𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 48
𝑓(−2) = 3(−2)5 + 3(−2)4 + 𝑘(−2)3 + 8(−2)2 + 48 = 0 𝑓(−2)
−96 + 48 − 8𝑘 + 32 + 48 = 0 =0
−8𝑘 = −32
Simplify
𝑘=4
Therefor add 4𝑥 3 add 4 × 𝑥 3
(4)
---------------------------------------OR-----------------------------------------

𝑓(−2) = 3(−2)5 + 3(−2)4 + 8(−2)2 + 48 𝑓(−2)

= −96 + 48 + 32 + 49 = 32 = 32
3
𝑘(−2) = −32
𝑘=4
𝑘=4
Therefor add 4𝑥 3 add 4 × 𝑥 3
(4)

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QUESTION 2

2.1 𝑛3 𝑛3
𝑛3 + 1 ÷ 𝑛3 + 1
(2)

2.2.1 -1; 4; 11; 20;

5; 7; 9; 5; 7; 9
(1)
2 2

2.2.2 2𝑎 = 2 3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑇2 – 𝑇1 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 𝑇1 𝑎 =1
𝑎 =1 3(1) + 𝑏 = 5 1 + 2 + 𝑐 = −1
𝑏= 2
𝑏= 2 𝑐 = −4
c = −4
𝑇𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − 4 𝑇𝑛
(4)
𝑎
2.3 𝑆∞ = 1−𝑟

𝑎 81
= OR
1−𝑟 2

𝑎=
81(1−𝑟)
. . . . . (A)
𝑎
=
40 Equation A
2 1−𝑟 1−𝑟 4

Equation B
𝑎(1−𝑟 4 ) 40 81
𝑆4 = = 40 . . . . (B) =
1−𝑟 1−𝑟 4 2

Substitute (A) into (B): 80 = 81 − 81𝑟 4 Substitute

81(1−𝑟 4 ) 1 1
= 40 𝑟 4 = (3)4 and 𝑟 =
2 3

80
1 − 𝑟 4 = 81 Simplify
80
1− = 𝑟4
81
1 1
= 𝑟 4 = (3)4
81
1
𝑟=
1 3
𝑟= (𝑟 positive)
3

Substitute back for 𝑎:

𝑎 81
1 =
1− 2
3 𝑎 = 27
(6)
𝑎 = 27

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2.4 𝑎 = 3
𝑇3 = 3 + 2𝑑
𝑇6 = 3 + 5𝑑 Formula T3, T6,
𝑇10 = 3 + 9𝑑 T10
𝑇2 𝑇3
=
𝑇1 𝑇2

3 + 5𝑑 3 + 9𝑑
= common ratio
3 + 2𝑑 3 + 5𝑑

9 + 30𝑑 + 25𝑑2 = 9 + 33𝑑 + 18𝑑² Simplify

7𝑑2 − 3𝑑 = 0 Equation =0
𝑑(7𝑑 – 3) = 0
3 Answer
𝑑=
7
(5)

[18]

QUESTION 3

𝑇1 = 𝑎 𝑇2 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑇3 = 𝑎𝑟 2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑎, 𝑎𝑟 and 𝑎𝑟 2

1 1 1
LHS = + RHS =
𝑥+𝑦 𝑦+𝑧 𝑦

=
1
+
1 LHS subst
𝑎+𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑟+𝑎𝑟 2

1 1
= 𝑎(1+𝑟) + Factorise
𝑎𝑟(1+𝑟)

𝑟+1 1 1
= = = Simplify
𝑎𝑟(1+𝑟) 𝑎𝑟 𝑦
LHS = RHS
LHS = RHS

(5)

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QUESTION 4

4.1 𝑥[1−(1+𝑖)−𝑛 ]
P= Correct formula
𝑖

0,09 −240
𝑥[1−(1+ ) ]
12
2 000 000 = 0,09 Value of 𝑖
12
Value of 𝑛
0,09 −240
15 000 = 𝑥[1 − (1 + )
12

𝑥 = R17 994.52 Answer

(4)
4.2.1 0.075 12×13+1
700 [(1+
12
) −1] Correct formula
𝐹 = 0.075
12 Substitute
0.075 7.5
i= 12
/ 1200
= R185 881.33
Substitute
n = 12 × 13 + 1
= 157
Answer
(4)

4.2.2 Deposits = 12 × 13 × 700 + 700 OR 13 × 700 = 𝑅109 900 Answer

= R109 900 (2)

4.2.3 Total interest = final account balance – total value of deposits Subtract
= R185 881.33 – R109 900
Answer
= R75 981.33
(2)

4.2.4 𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑚 𝑚
1 + 𝑖𝑒𝑓𝑓 = (1 + )
𝑚
Correct formula
0,075 12
𝑖𝑒𝑓𝑓 = (1 + ) −1
12 Substitution

𝑖𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 0,07763…
rate = 7.76% Answer
(3)

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QUESTION 5

5.1

asymptotes

𝑥-intercept
𝑦-intercept
form
1 arm only

(5)

5.2 𝑦=𝑥 + 𝑐 OR 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) Substitute(3; 2)

Substitute (3; 2) in: 𝑦 − 2 = 1(𝑥 − 3)
𝑐 = −1
2 = 3 + 𝑐 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1
𝑐 = −1 Equation m=1
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1 (Wrong m, 0/3)
(3)
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QUESTION 6

6.1 𝑓(𝑔(−1)) 𝑔(−1) = 2

= 𝑓(−2(−1))
= 𝑓(2) 𝑓(2) = −20
−2(2)2 − 6(2) = −20 (2)

6.2 𝑥 − values of the stationary points of ℎ is the 𝑥 −intercepts of 𝑓: 𝑓(𝑥) = 0

−2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 0
𝑥=0
𝑥(𝑥 + 3) = 0
𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = −3 𝑥 = −3
(3)

6.3 AC = −2𝑥 2 – 6𝑥 – (−2𝑥) AC =

= −2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) – 𝑔(𝑥)
−𝑏
MAX AC: where 𝐴𝐶 ′ = 0 or 𝑥 = 2𝑎 Equation for AC
−4𝑥 − 4 = 0 MAX: AC’ = 0
𝑥 = −1 𝑥 = −1
Maximum for AC: AC = −2(−1)2 − 4(−1) = 2 units
Max = 2
(5)

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QUESTION 7

7.1 𝑦 = log 𝑘 𝑥
−2 = log 𝑘 4 Subst 𝑁 in
𝑘 −2 = 4
1
𝑘2 = 4 Simplify
1 (answer given)
𝑘= (2)
2

7.2 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )

−2 = 𝑎(4 – (−1))(4 – 5) Substitute into
−2 = 𝑎(5)(−1) correct formula
2
𝑎= 2
5 𝑎= 5
2
𝑦 = 5 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 5)
2
= 5 (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 5) Simplify
2 2 8
= 5𝑥 − 𝑥−2
5 8
𝑏=− 5
8 𝑏=− 5
𝑐 = −2 𝑐 = −2
(5)

2 8
7.3 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2 − 𝑥−2
5 5
𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
4 8 −𝑏 −1+5 =0
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 5 𝑥 − =0 OR 𝑥 = 2𝑎 OR 𝑥 =
5 2

4𝑥 − 8 = 0 𝑥 = 2
𝑥 = 2
2 8 18 3 18
𝑦 = 5 (2)2 − (2) − 2 = − / −3 5 𝑦= −
5 5 5
(4)
7.4 𝑔: 𝑦 = log 0.5 𝑥 OR 𝑦 = log 𝑘 𝑥
𝑥/𝑦
1
𝑔−1 : 𝑦 =( 2 )𝑥 𝑦 =( 𝑘 )𝑥
Answer
(2)
7.5 Turning point: 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 − values
0 <𝑥 ≤2
Inequality signs
(2)
28
7.6 𝑓(𝑥) + 5
2 Non − real
Turning point: (2; 5 )
Roots are non-real
(2)

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QUESTION 8

8.1 𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) = 3(𝑥 + ℎ)2 − 1

= 3(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ)2 − 1
= 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥ℎ + 3ℎ2 − 1
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥ℎ + 3ℎ2 − 1 − 3𝑥 2 + 1 = 6𝑥ℎ + 3ℎ²
𝑓(𝑥+ℎ)−𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
Substitute into
3(𝑥+ℎ)2 −1 −(3x2 −1) correct formula
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ

3𝑥 2 +6𝑥ℎ+3ℎ2 −1− 3x2 +1 Simpl/ remove

= lim brackets
ℎ→0 ℎ

Numerator
6𝑥ℎ+3ℎ²
= lim simplified
ℎ→0 ℎ
Common h
= lim
ℎ(6𝑥+3ℎ) (Notation -1)
ℎ→0 ℎ
(Answer only: 0/4)
= 6𝑥 (4)

8.2 (𝑥 − 3)2 Expansion

𝑦=
√𝑥

𝑥 2 −6𝑥+9
= 1
𝑥2

3 1 1 Simplification
−
= 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 2

1
3
𝑑𝑦 3 1 1
9 3 𝑥2
= 𝑥 – 3𝑥
2
−
2 − 2𝑥 −
2 2
𝑑𝑥 2
1
3 3 9 – 3𝑥 −2
= 2 √𝑥 – −
√𝑥 2√𝑥 3
3
9
− 2 𝑥 −2

(Notation -1) (6)

−2
8.3 𝑔(𝑥) = + 3 = −2𝑥 −1 + 3
𝑥
𝑔′(𝑥)
𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 −2 1
1 gradient
Perpendicular to line with gradient -2 will be m = 2 2
2 1
= 1
𝑥2 2 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 2
𝑥2 = 4
∴ 𝑥 = −2 (negative 𝑥 −value) 𝑥 = −2
(4)
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8.4 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 or (𝑥 − 1)2 ≥ 0

′ (𝑥)
Increasing when 𝑓 >0 −3(𝑥 − 1)2 ≤ 0 Reasoning
𝑓′(𝑥) = −3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 3 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) is always neg 𝑓′(𝑥)
= −3(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1) = −3(𝑥 − 1)2
′
𝑓 (𝑥) ≤ 0 and can never be > 0
Never increasing, always decreasing −3(𝑥 − 1)2
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) ≤ 0
(4)

8.5 𝑥 = 30 – 𝑦
𝑃 = 𝑥𝑦² Substitute
= (30 – 𝑦)𝑦² 𝑥 = 30 – 𝑦
= 30𝑦² − 𝑦³
Expression P
𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑃
For max: = 60𝑦 – 3𝑦² = 0 =0
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦(60 – 3𝑦) = 0 𝑦 = 20
𝑦 = 0 (𝑛. 𝑎. ) or 𝑦 = 20
𝑥 = 10
∴ 𝑥 = 10
(-1 if not y=0 n.a)
(5)
-----------------------OR--------------------------- ---------------------
𝑦 = 30 – 𝑥
𝑃 = 𝑥𝑦² Substitute
= 𝑥(30 − 𝑥)² 𝑦 = 30 – 𝑥
= 𝑥(900 − 60𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) Expression P
= 900𝑥 – 60𝑥² + 𝑥³
𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑃
For max: = 900 − 120𝑥 + 3𝑥² = 0 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 – 40x + 300 = 0
(𝑥 − 30)(𝑥 − 10) = 0 𝑥 = 10
𝑥 = 30 (𝑛. 𝑎. ) or 𝑥 = 10 (-1 if not 𝑥=30 n.a)
∴ 𝑦 = 20
𝑦 = 20
(5)

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QUESTION 9

9.1 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 4
A(−1; 0) and C: 𝑥-intercepts, 𝑦 = 0
−𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 4= 0 Factorise
(𝑥 + 1)(−𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 4)=0 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
− (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 – 2)2 = 0 Factors
𝐶(2; 0)
𝐶(2; 0)
(4)
-------------------------------------OR --------------------------------------- ---------------------

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 = 0 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)=0

𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0
−3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑥 = 2 and 𝑦 = 0 Factors
𝐶(2; 0)
(4)

9.2 𝐵(0; −4) B(0; -4)

(2)
9.3 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 Second
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −6𝑥 + 6 = 0 derivative =0
𝑥=1
𝑥=1
(2)
9.4 One One
(1)
9.5 1
𝐾 = √−6𝑥+6+6
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) =
−6𝑥 + 6
1
= √−6𝑥+12
Denominator >0

𝑥<2 𝑥<2
(3)
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QUESTION 10

10.1 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) Rule

0,5008 = 0,22 + P(𝐵) – 0,0792 P(B)=0,36
𝑃(𝐵) = 0,36
𝑃(𝐴). 𝑃(𝐵) = 0,22 × 0,36 = 0,0792
P(A).P(B)
Events are independent because 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴). 𝑃(𝐵)
Reason
(4)
10.2 18 17 51 18
× = 145
30 29 30
17
29
= 0,352 51
145
(3)
3
10.3.1 7 × 7 × 7 = 7 = 343 73
343
(2)
10.3.2 7 × 6 × 5 = 210 7×6×5
210
(2)
10.3.3 3 × 7 × 2 = 42 3
But 400 excluded because greater than 400
∴ 42 – 1 = 41 codes 7
2
41
(4)
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