Anatomy of Movement Blandine Calais-Germain

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Anatomy of Movement Blandine Calais-Germain Digital
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Author(s): Blandine Calais-Germain
ISBN(s): 9780939616572, 0939616572
Edition: English language ed., Rev. ed
File Details: PDF, 30.75 MB
Year: 2007
Language: english
ANATOMY
OF

Movement
REVISED EDITION

Text and illustrations by

Blandine Calais-Germain

EASTLAND PRESS SEATTLE

Originally published as Anatomie pour le mouvement, Editions Desiris (France), 1985. Revised in 1991
and 1999

English language edition © 1993, 2007 by Eastland Press, Inc.

P.O. Box 99749
Seattle, WA 98139, USA
www. eastlandpress. com

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photo-copying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval
system, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except where permitted by law.

Publisher's Cataloging-In-Publication Data

Calais-Germain, Blandine.
[Anatomie pour le mouvement. English]
Anatomy of movement / text and illustrations by Blandine Calais-Germain ; edited by John
O'Connor and Allan Kaplan. — Rev. ed. / translated by Regine MacKenzie.
p. : ill. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Originally published in French: [Paris] : Editions Desiris, 1985. Rev. 1991 and 1999, under title:
Anatomie pour le mouvement.
ISBN: 978-0-939616-57-2
1. Musculoskeletal system. 2. Human mechanics. 3. Kinesiology. I. O'Connor, John. II. Kaplan,
Allan. III. MacKenzie, Regine. IV. Title. V. Title: Anatomie pour le movement.

QP301 .C2313 2007

612.7/6
2006936656

2 4 6 8 1 0 9 7 5 3

Translated by Regine MacKenzie

Edited by John O'Connor and Allan Kaplan
Cover illustration by Sandy Johnson
Cover design by Patricia O'Connor

Book design by Gary Niemeier

Dedicated to Marie, Patrick, Jacques, Francois
 Table of Contents
FOREWORD . . . 3

PREFACE ... 5

INTRODUCTION

Anatomical position.. .7; Planes of movement.. .8; Other anatomical reference

terms...11; Skeleton... 12; Bones... 13; Joints... 14; Cartilage... 16; Joint capsule... 17;
Ligaments... 18; Muscles... 19; Muscle elasticity...20; Muscle shapes...20

THE TRUNK

Landmarks.. .30; Movements of the trunk.. .32; Vertebral column (or spine).. .34;
Vertebral structure.. .36; Ligaments of the spinal column.. .38; Movements of the
vertebrae...40; Pelvis (or pelvic girdle)...43; The two girdles...49; Sacrum...50;
Coccyx...51; Lumbar spine...54; Lumbar vertebrae...54; Lumbosacral joint...56;
Thoracic spine.. .58; Thoracic cage.. .60; Movements of the ribs.. .62; Thoracolumbar
junction.. .64; Cervical spine.. .65; The atlas.. .68; The axis.. .70; Muscles of the
trunk and their bony attachments.. .72; Anterior and lateral neck muscles.. .84;
Muscles of the thorax.. .89; Diaphragm.. .90; Posterior muscles of trunk.. .92;
Abdominal muscles...94; How the diaphragm and abdominal muscles are
involved in breathing... 100

THE SHOULDER

Landmarks.. .103; Global movements of shoulder.. .105; Shoulder girdle. ..110;

Sternoclavicular joint. . . 1 l l ; Scapula. ..112; Acromioclavicular joint. ..113;
Humerus. ..116; Glenohumeral joint. ..117; Shoulder muscles with bony
attachments. ..119; Scapulothoracic muscles.. .120; Deep scapulohumeral muscles
of shoulder joint.. .126; Scapulohumeral muscles of shoulder.. .129

1
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE ELBOW

Landmarks.. .138; Flexion/extension of the elbow.. .139; Radius and ulna... 140; Joint
capsule of elbow... 143; Ligaments of elbow... 143; Bones for flexion and extension of
elbow.. .144; Muscles for flexion of elbow... 146; Muscles for extension of elbow... 148;
Pronation/supination of elbow and forearm... 149

THE WRIST & HAND

Landmarks... 158; Bones...159; Movements of the wrist...160; Articular surfaces of

wrist joint.. .164; Movements of the wrist.. .166; Flexors of the wrist... 172; Extensors
of the wrist.. .174; Extrinsic flexors of the fingers... 176; Extrinsic extensors of the
fingers.. .178; Intrinsic muscles that move the fingers.. .180; Intrinsic muscles of 5th
finger... 182; Thumb... 184; Extrinsic muscles of the thumb... 186; Intrinsic muscles of
the thumb... 188

THE HIP AND KNEE

Landmarks... 192; Movements of hip...194; Femur...200; Hip (coxo-femoral)

joint.. . 2 0 1 ; Movements of the knee.. .208; The knee joint consists of three
bones...211; Surfaces of knee joint. ..212; Muscles of the hip...228; Muscles of the
hip and knee.. .238; Muscles of the knee.. . 2 5 1 ; Summary of muscle actions of the
hip...252

THE ANKLE AND FOOT

Landmarks.. .258; Arrangment of bones in foot.. .259; Movements of the foot.. .260;
Ankle joint.. .263; Talus and calcaneus.. .266; Ankle and foot muscles with their
many bony attachments.. .280; Intrinsic muscles of the foot.. . 2 8 1 ; Extrinsic anterior
muscles.. .286; Actions of extrinsic foot muscles on the ankle.. .294

INDEX . . . 2 9 9
 Foreword
Anatomists, for m a n y centuries, were concerned almost exclusively w i t h precise descrip-
tion of the body's structures. Inevitably, they began by treating the locomotor system
in the same w a y as the internal organs, i.e., actual functions were either u n k n o w n or
described independently of structure.

Gradually, around the beginning of the 2 0 t h century, anatomists began p a y i n g more

attention to the actions of muscles a n d joints. Such functional studies remained at an
elementary level for several decades. M o r e recently, some researchers began looking at
biomechanical properties (such as elasticity a n d resistance) of the locomotor system.
However, these studies were focused on isolated components in the laboratory, not on
how muscles and joints are used in "real life." Functional aspects were often viewed
in terms of "efficiency," i.e., how to m a k e the body an obedient instrument of various
physical disciplines.

In physiotherapy, body movements are analyzed in terms of both neurophysiological a n d

mechanical components, thus allowing better definition of therapeutic effects a n d the
real mechanisms of movement.

M a n y people interested in physical disciplines such as dance, m i m e , theater, yoga, relax-

ation, etc. have come to physiotherapy looking for quantitative as well as qualitative
analytical studies w h i c h w o u l d facilitate their practice. In this way, Blandine C a l a i s -
Germain began by studying dance a n d ended up studying physiotherapy.

T h e complementary nature of these two w a y s of dealing w i t h h u m a n body movements

is obvious. Blandine quickly realized that dancers could benefit greatly from a better
understanding of their "inner" bodies. She devised a novel teaching method to serve this
purpose: the simultaneous representation of physical structures a n d their possible move-
ments, designed to facilitate actual execution by the dancer.

3
 4 FOREWORD

Not only dancers, but also professionals involved in other physical disciplines, came in
increasing numbers to her classes. The emphasis in these classes (and this book) is on
anatomy not for its own sake, but for better understanding of body movements.

I have taken great pleasure in witnessing the birth of this concept, the first classes, and
now the publication of this book which embodies Blandine's many years of experience as
a dancer and teacher. I am delighted that the fruits of this experience will now be made
widely available to others. Having worked closely with Blandine when she was a student
of physiotherapy, I can attest to her skills as a therapist, her intelligence, and her love for
teaching.

The drawings in this book are all original, and the emphasis is always on description and
understanding of natural postures and movements. The book will be particularly useful
to those who, by profession, deal with integrated or complex movements of the body. For
those who deal with human anatomy in any way, it will provide a useful and thought-
provoking resource. I wish for this book the great success it deserves.

Dr. Jacques Samuel

Director, French School of Orthopedics and Massage
Paris, France
 Preface
I would like to briefly describe the content and organization of this book.

This is intended simply as an introductory text. The emphasis is on basic human anatomy
as it relates to external body movement. Therefore, we will be concerned mainly with
bones, muscles, and joints. There will be no description of the skull, visceral organs, cir-
culatory system, central nervous system, etc.

The book is designed to be as compact as possible, and to avoid repetition. Thus, format
may vary from one chapter to the next. Parts of the body that are affected by the same
muscles may be described together. Reference may be given to a previous page where a
certain structure or function is described in more detail.

For consistency and ease of orientation, drawings usually show structures from the right
side of the body. Exceptions are clearly indicated.

Joints are sometimes drawn without the adjacent bones, so that the articular surfaces can
be more clearly seen. Similarly, each muscle is drawn in isolation (without surrounding
muscles) to make its function more obvious.

Chapter 1 provides basic orientation and terminology, and should be read first. Subse-
quent chapters are arranged in a logical order (starting with the trunk, moving down the
arm, and then down the leg), and I recommend that they be read in this order. However,
the reader with previous knowledge of anatomy may start at any chapter.

The index will be helpful for locating the page where a particular structure is first men-
tioned, or described in detail.

5
Other documents randomly have
different content
 Design - Study Plan
Winter 2021 - University

Prepared by: Associate Prof. Smith

Date: July 28, 2025

Background 1: Historical development and evolution

Learning Objective 1: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 1: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 2: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 3: Key terms and definitions
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 3: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 4: Ethical considerations and implications
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 5: Key terms and definitions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 5: Best practices and recommendations
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Study tips and learning strategies
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Practical applications and examples
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Study tips and learning strategies
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 10: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Methodology 2: Assessment criteria and rubrics
Important: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 11: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Practical applications and examples
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 12: Key terms and definitions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 14: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 14: Practical applications and examples
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 15: Case studies and real-world applications
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Key terms and definitions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Best practices and recommendations
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Ethical considerations and implications
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 19: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 20: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Discussion 3: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
Definition: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 23: Ethical considerations and implications
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 25: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 28: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Quiz 4: Assessment criteria and rubrics
Definition: Best practices and recommendations
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Practical applications and examples
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 33: Literature review and discussion
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 34: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 34: Key terms and definitions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Experimental procedures and results
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 37: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Literature review and discussion
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Literature review and discussion
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Review 5: Assessment criteria and rubrics
Example 40: Ethical considerations and implications
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 41: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 42: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 43: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Best practices and recommendations
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 44: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 45: Case studies and real-world applications
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 46: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 48: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 48: Literature review and discussion
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 49: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Exercise 6: Research findings and conclusions
Definition: Study tips and learning strategies
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Historical development and evolution
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 53: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Historical development and evolution
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 56: Historical development and evolution
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 58: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Experimental procedures and results
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Introduction 7: Interdisciplinary approaches
Key Concept: Case studies and real-world applications
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Current trends and future directions
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Study tips and learning strategies
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 65: Study tips and learning strategies
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Literature review and discussion
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 67: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Key terms and definitions
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 68: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 69: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Discussion 8: Critical analysis and evaluation
Note: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 72: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 73: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
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