Activity 2
“Static Routing”
Name:
Subject/Section
Date of Submission:
Objectives
1. To be familiar with the static routing code and router code.
2. To understand how to use ip route, ip address to understand network.
3. To apply Network ID and subnet mask.
Discussion:
Static Routing
Static routing is a form of routing that occurs when a router uses a manually-configured routing entry, rather than
information from a dynamic routing traffic.[1] In many cases, static routes are manually configured by a network
administrator by adding in entries into a routing table, though this may not always be the case. Unlike dynamic
routing, static routes are fixed and do not change if the network is changed or reconfigured. Static routing
and dynamic routing are not mutually exclusive. Both dynamic routing and static routing are usually used on a
router to maximise routing efficiency and to provide backups in the event that dynamic routing information fails to
be exchanged. Static routing can also be used in stub networks, or to provide a gateway of last resort.
root@router:~# ip route add 10.10.20.0 via 192.168.100.1
Add a static route
The commands to add a static route are as follows:
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# ip route 10.10.20.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.100.1
Network configurations are not restricted to a single static route per destination: [6]
Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# ip route 197.164.73.0 255.255.255.0 197.164.72.2
Router(config)# ip route 197.164.74.0 255.255.255.0 197.164.72.2
Advantages
Static routing, if used without dynamic routing, has the following advantages
• Static routing causes very little load on the CPU of the router, and produces no traffic to other
routers.
• Static routing leaves the network administrator with full control over the routing behavior of the
network.
• Static Routing Is very easy to configure on small networks.
Disadvantages
Static routing can have some potential disadvantages:
• Human error: In many cases, static routes are manually configured. This increases the potential for
input mistakes. Administrators can make mistakes and mistype in network information, or configure
incorrect routing paths by mistake.
• Fault tolerance: Static routing is not fault tolerant. This means that when there is a change in the
network or a failure occurs between two statically defined devices, traffic will not be re-routed. As a
result, the network is unusable until the failure is repaired or the static route is manually
reconfigured by an administrator.
• Administrative distance: Static routes typically take precedence over routes configured with a
dynamic routing protocol. This means that static routes may prevent routing protocols from working
as intended. A solution is to manually modify the administrative distance.
• Administrative overhead: Static routes must be configured on each router in the network(s). This
configuration can take a long time if there are many routers. It also means that reconfiguration can
be slow and inefficient. Dynamic routing on the other hand automatically propagates routing
changes, reducing the need for manual reconfiguration.
Procedure
Static Routing using fast Ethernet port
Diagram 1
1. Using Packet Tracer layout the given Network Diagram.
For router to switch connection use fa0/0 port
For router to router connection use fa0/1 port
2. Use 1841 Route (2 port Fast ethernet Router)
3. Assigned the given IP Address to each port with 255.255.255.0 subnetmask
4. For Computer IP Address
PC0
IP = 192.168.2.7
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Gateway = 192.168.2.3
PC1
IP = 192.168.2.9
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Gateway = 192.168.2.3
PC2
IP = 192.168.3.5
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Gateway = 192.168.3.3
PC3
IP = 192.168.3.7
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Gateway = 192.168.2.3
5. After the PC click Router0 then choose CLI tab
6. Type “en” for enable
7. Use “config t” for configure terminal to enter configuration mode,
Router must be on Router(config)# already.
8. Change Hostname to R0 using code “hostname R0”.
9. You can check it by typing “ex” for exit and you will notice that your hostname now is R0, then use config t
again to enter configuration mode.
10. Change the router port IP address by using
“Int f0/0” to enter Fast Ethernet port 0/0 then use the code
Ip add 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0
To put the given ip address on the fa0/0 port
Then type “ no shut “ to apply the changes.
11. Repeat the procedure and assign the following ip address to your router ports:
Router0 :
f0/1 = 192.168.1.2
255.255.255.0
Router1
f0/0 = 192.168.3.3
255.255.255.0
f0/1 = 192.168.1.4
255.255.255.0
12. Use “ex” code to exit interface mode of router and another “ex” code to exit configuration mode. Then
minimize router tab.
13. You can try to ping your computer using “simple PDU” to check your connection.
14. You will notice that computer to router on the same network now can seen each other but computer to
computer as well as router on the other network is still failed to connect. You can see the details in PDU
list window on the lower right of your screen.
15. Go back to your router then type “sh ip route” for show ip route.
16. You can notice that the network seen by your router is only the network directly connected to it. To add
additional network we can use “ip route” code.
Type again ip config then enter
Use ip route “the ip of network ID” “netmask” “Port to access that network”
For router Router0
Ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.4
For router Router1
Ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2
17. After adding route you can now verify it using show IP route code.
18. Then try to ping or send PDU to any point for connection verification.
Observation:
Conclusion
Exercises:
Established the connection of all the networks given below and provide routing table for each router.
Use code to enter serial port 0/0
Int s0/0
Clock rate 128000 (if clock rate is needed)
Ip add “your ip address” “subnetmask”
No shut
Sample Routing Table for R1
Learned Network ID Netmask Gateway Inrerface
C 5.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 N/A FOR DIRECT fa
CONNECTED
S 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1 Se
Exercise Report (Routing Table)
Note: attached the .pkt file with your surname as filename
Sample file:
MeimbanLab.pkt for laboratory
Meimbanexe.pkt for exercises
Meimban.pdf for lab and exercises report
Reference:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_routing
