MARYLAND INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE

SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES

ASSESSMENT THE BARRIERS FOR ADAPTION OF

SUSTAINABLE
BUSINESS PRACTICES
(THE CASE OF ETHIO TELECOM)

BY
AYAL GIRMA
ADVISOR:
GOITOM.G (PHD)

September .2024
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
 DECLARATION

I, Ayal Girma ,declare that this study entitled “Assessment of the Barriers for Adaption of
Sustainable Business Practices in Ethiotelecom ”, is my own work. I have carried out the
research work independently with the guidance and support of the research advisor. This study
had not been submitted to any degree/diploma in this or any other institution. It is done in partial
fulfillment of MBA.

Name of student: ________________________ Signature: ___________________

Place: _________________________ Date: ____________________

September 2024

Addis Ababa , Ethiopia

 Endorsement

I confirm that this research dissertation from Ayal Girma has been prepared by her under my
supervision and submitted to the Maryland International College with my approval.

____________________________ _______________
Advisor Signature
Maryland International College

September 2024
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
 Assessment of the Barriers for Adaption of Sustainable Business Practices

A Casy Study of Ethiotelecom

A Thesis Submitted to Maryland International College School of Graduate Studies in Partial

Fulfillment of Requirements for The Master of Business Administration

By
Ayal Girma

Advisor:

GOITOM.G (PhD)

Approved by the Board of Examiners:

Advisor Signature

Examiner Signature

Examiner Signature
 Acknowledgements

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all those who have supported and contributed to
the completion of this research.
First and foremost, I am profoundly grateful to my supervisor, DR Goitom G for their
invaluable guidance, patience, and encouragement throughout this research project. Their
insightful feedback and continuous support have been instrumental in shaping this work. I would
also like to extend my sincere thanks to the Ethiotelecom staffs for providing me with the
necessary data and resources to conduct this study. I am also grateful to Maryland International
College for providing a conducive environment for research and learning truly appreciative of
their generosity.

Lastly, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my family and friends, whose
unwavering support and understanding have been a source of strength and motivation throughout
this journey.

Thank you all !!!

ACRONYMS
ABSTRACT
This study aims to assess the opportunities and challenges associated with the Assessment of the
Barriers for Adaption of Sustainable Business Practices in Ethiotelecom. Using a mixed-
methods approach, the research integrates quantitative and qualitative data insights from
interviews and open-ended questions with bank staff and management. The findings reveal that
the adoption of digital banking services offers substantial benefits, to achieve the objective of the
study the researcher selected 242 respondents from 614 population by using Slovin formula and
random sample technic and to collect data, the researcher uses both primary and secondary
data collection instruments like distributing questionnaire, conducting interview. The
questionnaire types are both open-ended and close-ended. The study was conducted based on
the data gathered from the target population . The collected data was analyses by using
descriptive (means, stander division )analysis such as tables and percentages. The key Findings
this study was to assessed Barriers for Adaption of Sustainable Business Practices service in
Ethiotelecom. The study reveals significant potential benefits, particularly in ease of use and
cost efficiency, which can drive adoption. However, late adopter opportunities, improvement in
the telecom habit of the society, commitment of the government to facilitate the expansion of
infrastructure and willingness among telecom to cooperate in building infrastructure are the
major opportunities for the adoption of the system. Based on the above conclusion, the
researcher recommends to Creating continuous social awareness about Barriers for Adaption of
Sustainable Business Practices by emphasizing its advantage convinces through different forms
of media advertising such as brochures, key terms in analyzing the various dimensions of the
Barriers for Adaption of Sustainable Business Practices Recommendations for future
implementation and policy considerations are also discussed.
CONTENTS
DECLARATION...........................................................................................................................1
Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER ONE............................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study...................................................................................................1
1.2 Organizational background................................................................................................5

1. 3 Statement of the problem.......................................................................................................6

1.4 Research Question..................................................................................................................7
1.5 Objectives of the Study............................................................................................................7
1.5.1 General objectives............................................................................................................7

1.5.2 Specific objectives..............................................................................................................8

1.6 Significant of the study........................................................................................................8

1.7 Scope (delimitations) of the study.......................................................................................8

1.8 Limitation of the study (expected limitation)....................................................................9

Hypothesis...................................................................................................................................9

CHAPTER TWO.........................................................................................................................10
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.............................................................................10

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................10

2.1 Theoretical Review................................................................................................................10

2,1.1 Introduction Sustainability of Business.............................................................................10
Green and lean thinking.................................................................................................. 11
Sustainable business practices.......................................................................................12
Sustainable Development............................................................................................... 12

2.3 Theoretical literature review................................................................................................13

2.3.1 ENABLERS AND BARRIERS TO THE ORGANIZATIONAL ADOPTION OF SUSTAINABLE
BUSINESS PRACTICES..................................................................................................... 13
 2.3.2 Prioritising Barriers towards Adoption of Sustainable Consumption and Production
Practices using TOPSIS.................................................................................................... 15

2.3 Empirical literature review...................................................................................................21

CHAPTER THREE.....................................................................................................................28
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................................28

3.1 Research Approach...............................................................................................................28

3.2 Research design......................................................................................................................28
3.3 Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique............................................................29
3.3.1 Population of Study............................................................................................................29
3.3.2 Sample Size..........................................................................................................................29
3.4.3 Sampling Techniques..........................................................................................................29
3.4.4 Method of data collection...................................................................................................30
3.4.5 Method of data analysis..................................................................................................30

3.5 Types of Data and Data Collection Tools............................................................................30

3.5.1 Types and Sources of Data.................................................................................................30
3.5.1.1 Primary Data Collection.................................................................................................30
3.5.1.2 Secondary Data Collection..............................................................................................31
3.6 Data Collection Tools............................................................................................................31
3. 6.1 Interviews...........................................................................................................................31
3. 6.2 Questionnaire.....................................................................................................................31
3.7 Data Analysis Technics..........................................................................................................31
3.8 Reliability and validity Test..................................................................................................32
3.9 Research Ethics......................................................................................................................32
CHAPTER FOUR.......................................................................................................................33
DATA ANALYSIS,PRENTATION AND INTRPRETATION...............................................33
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................33
4.1 The Respondents Profiles......................................................................................................33
CHAPTER FIVE.........................................................................................................................34
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION..................................................34
5.....................................................................................................................................................34
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
As an introduction of the study, the Researchers was Assessment of the Barriers for
Adaption of Sustainable Business Practices in Ethiotelecom and this chapter presents:
background of the study, statement of the problem, research questions, research objective,
scope of the study, limitation of the study, significance of the study, and organization of the
whole paper respectively.
1.1 Background of the Study
Sustainability in business is about “ensuring long-term business success while contributing
toward economic and social development, a healthy environment and a stable society As part of
their core principles, companies that are committed to sustainable business adopt high standards
in areas that can include environmental protection, gender equity, working conditions, employee
benefits, capacity development, community development and a set of transparent relationships
between a company’s management, its board, its shareholders and other stakeholders that fall
under the term corporate governance. Barriers for adopting sustainable business practices
involves identifying the challenges that prevent organizations from fully integrating
sustainability into their operations. The barriers can vary depending on the organization’s size,
industry, region, and specific sustainability goals. Below is a structured approach to assess the
barriers, focusing on key categories that typically arise in such analyses.
There is growing attention and consensus regarding the need for a so-called sustainability
transformation in the product development and manufacturing industry, i.e., new product
development efforts that contribute to sustainable production and consumption Bengtsson et al.,
2018 are both been highlighted to contribute to and strengthen organizations' innovation
capabilities and critical in the sustainability transformation (Klotz et al., 2018; Sumter et al.,
2020; sustainable Business , or sustainable business adoption practices. Furthermore, previous
research has shown that the appropriate adoption1 of ‘new and improved’, or ‘evidence-based’,
design methods proposed by design researchers can support product development and
manufacturing organizations to develop such capabilities and transform their current design
practices into sustainable design practices (Faludi et al., 2020; Hallstedt et al., 2023a). Such
organizations are, despite the pressing need, not able to appropriately adopt such proposed
design methods (Karlsson and Luttropp, 2006; Baldassarre et al., 2020; Faludi et al., 2020) and

1
struggle to integrate social, economic, and ecological perspectives in their current design
practices (Vilochani et al., 2024). Moreover, the early design phases have been highlighted as
critical where the ability to anticipate sustainability performance and Business products with a
lifecycle perspective is considered crucial (Hallstedt et al., 2023b). A research two years, was
therefore initiated with several sustainable business adoption product development and
manufacturing organizations, which focused on demonstrating these organizations' ability to
adopt sustainable Product practices using ‘new and improved’ design methods proposed by
design researchers. Six parallel case studies were carried out in the early design phases across
these organizations to collect empirical qualitative data, using participant observation (Säfsten &
Gustavsson, 2020).
The industrial adoption of ‘new and improved sustainable methods proposed by business
researchers has historically been considered low (Araujo et al., 1996). claim that business
methods are used in conjunction with other product methods, and introduce the concept
of method ecosystem, which refers to the unique process and methodological context of an
organization and argue that proposed business methods must be adapted and fit into this context.
A recent study (Parolin et al., 2024) focuses on sustainability assessments in the early phases of
design and they provide several “design propositions” on how sustainability assessments can be
carried out in these phases, such as using qualitative indicators. Similar to the literature listed
above, much of previous research focuses on the industrial adoption of design methods from a
process and methodological perspective, and fewer contributions can be found that provide
insights regarding human-behavioral and organizational aspects (López-Mesa and Bylund,
2011; Booker, 2012; Pieroni et al., 2019). Such literature is what we in this paper broadly
categorize and refer to as literature in the design domain, where a ‘pragmatic approach’ is
common and results in proposals on how design methods can be modified, or ‘improved’, to
meet the needs of practitioners and fit an organization's current design practices, or method
ecosystem. Furthermore, what we instead broadly categorize and refer to as literature in the
management domain has, on the other hand, had more focus on organizational and human-
behavioral aspects. There is a research gap and need for interdisciplinary research that explores
and bridges these domains and frames the industrial adoption of design methods from all three
perspectives. The following research question was thus formulated to capture all three

2
perspectives during the empirical data collection:What influences the adoption of sustainable
design practices using new and improved design methods?
The main contribution of this study serves as the base for new practical and theoretical insights
towards:

 How to facilitate and increase the adoption of new and improved design methods.
 How new and improved design methods can support practitioners in their
organization's sustainability transformation.

Given environmental degradation, climate change, resource depletion, and persistent global
poverty, the supply management profession is increasingly being asked to contribute to broader
organizational goals of sustainable development by incorporating social and environmental
criteria into business practices processes. (Sönnichsen & Clement, 2020). In response to the
Sustainable Development World Summit, sustainable business practices (SP) have become an
important agenda for governments seeking to demonstrate sustainable development. Studies
demonstrate that sustainable business practices can transform markets, save money, enhance
financial viability, increase the competitiveness of eco-industries, protect natural resources, and
foster job creation, which will in turn contribute to sustainable development.

The strategic role of business practices and supplying as a device for sustainable development
has been strengthened recently. (Casier, 2017).Sustainable business practices are becoming
increasingly important, and many organizations in the Western and Eastern worlds are focusing
on them. While there have been declarations in the Third World about incorporating
sustainability into organizational business processes, there has been little evidence of
implementation. Sustainable business strategies are frequently utilized to mitigate negative
environmental impacts associated with production and consumption. Several studies in the
sustainable business practices literature have identified potential drivers and hurdles to the
adoption of sustainable business practices, which are frequently external and organizational in
character. Using both external and organizational perspectives, these publications address
challenges to the adaptation of sustainable business practices in organizations. (Kipkorir &
Wanyoike , 2015)
The business practice function has evolved over time to become more strategic because of a
growing trend toward focusing on core activities, and it adds to an increasing impact on the

3
natural environment and society. Environmental and social concerns are becoming increasingly
significant in corporate management as society and government leaders become more aware of
them. These trends have contributed to sustainable business practices, which are today regarded
an important part of corporate management that can empower firms to achieve their stated goals..
(Mcobrein & Ackah, 2019)

When an organization wishes to incorporate environmental criteria into its business operations
procedures, it is tough to determine how to do so because there are many various ways and
sources providing information about it. Despite the growing interest, proof of organizational
performance in applying SP techniques remains limited. Top management support in
implementing a framework, strategy, or action plan or defining uniform commitments for
operations are common approaches, among others. Sustainable Business Practices Guide. (N.
Sheth & Parvatiyar, 2020) Sustainability should be integrated into business operations from the
outset and carefully addressed throughout the process. When setting up a commercial practice.
There are various sustainability concerns that should be addressed. The first step is to prevent
superfluous business practices by assessing the necessity for the product or service. Another
challenge is accounting for pollutants, emissions, water, and energy usage throughout the
product's life cycle. Choosing a product with the least detrimental social and environmental
impact is preferable. (Mcobrein & Ackah, 2019)

There is a lack of legislation and structure governing business practices directives that integrate
social and environmental factors. The subject of the contract specifies what business practices
will be followed. If environmental factors will be addressed during the business practices
process, it is recommended that this be expressed in the subject matter. The environmental
specifications will be further outlined as part of the technical specifications; however, stating
environmental requirements as part of the subject matter ensures that the process is completely
transparent and communicates to potential suppliers that the contracting authority intends to
make business "sustainable” (Md. , Turki, Md, & Karim, 2017).

Lack of Financial capacity investments in development initiatives for sustainable business

practices are significantly more risky than fundamental sustainable business practice
investments. Because sustainable business strategies involve sustainable and environmentally
friendly product suppliers as well as socially responsible suppliers. As a result, enterprises would

4
exercise doubt when committing their limited resources to such sophisticated projects, and
instead engage in fundamental green business practice initiatives that would sufficiently meet the
needs of their external stakeholders. (Paavo, Pontus, Nancy, Laura, & Kaisu, 2017) In addition
The potential for Green public business practices to create and shift markets towards sustainable
products is significant: public business practices account for % of Bhutanese GDP. The legal
framework in Bhutan supports Green public business practices, and implementing Green public
business practices does not require a change in laws; it requires a change in mindset. Capacity
building of both public procurers and suppliers is required. Both parties require a greater
knowledge of what a “green” tender look like. How public procurers can connect with suppliers
in a transparent manner to be better informed about the Bhutanese market, and how to respond to
sustainability criteria in public tenders. (Casier, 2017)

Sustainable business practices contribute to the development of a circular economy by reducing

the negative social, environmental, and economic impacts of goods and services over their entire
life cycle. This includes concerns like as waste disposal and the cost of operations and
maintenance during the life of the goods and services. (Wang, 2019)

For the market. Increased demand for recycled items, which promotes market growth and
development. Greater market opportunities for local enterprises. Support for innovative
enterprises. Encouraging industry to function in a clean and green economy. Reputational
advantages for early adopters and market leaders. (Kiefer, González, & Hermosilla, 2018)

For social reasons, it creates new jobs and skills in the recycling industry, which benefits local
communities. Fewer natural resources are exploited. Less trash was directed to landfills, which
encouraged farmers to seek a better output. Encourage the growth of a country's waste circular
economy. Uses Reduced usage of water and energy Reduced greenhouse gas emissions will
result in less air and water pollution. (Kiefer, González, & Hermosilla, 2018)

1.2 Organizational background

Telecommunications service was introduced in Ethiopia by Emperor Menelik II in 1894 when
the construction of the telephone line from Harari to the capital city, Addis Ababa, was
commenced. Then the interurban network was continued to expand satisfactorily in all other
directions from the capital. Many important centers in the Empire were interconnected by lines,

5
thus facilitating long distance communication with the assistants or operators at intermediate
stations frequently acting as verbal human repeaters between the distant calling parties.
(web.ethiotelecom.et, 2023)
As a continuation of the 2005/06-2009/10 five-year plan and after concentrating its efforts on
education, health and agriculture, the Ethiopian government has decided to focus on the
improvement of telecommunication services, considering them as a key lever in the development
of Ethiopia, ethio telecom is born, on Monday 29th November 2010, from this ambition of
supporting the steady growth of our country, within the Growth Transformation Plan (GTP),
with ambitious objectives for 2015. (web.ethiotelecom.et, 2023)
Consequently, this study investigates the barriers to the adoption of sustainability practices in
Ethiotelecom business operations, with a particular focus three departments businesses in this
developing region, while dominating and contributing to the economy, face multifaceted
challenges that can significantly impede their transition towards sustainability. Identifying these
barriers is imperative for developing targeted strategies and interventions to address challenges
and promote sustainability practices among Ethiotelecom, aligning with the broader goal of
fostering economic, environmental, and socially responsible practices in businesses (United
Nations, 2015).
1. 3 Statement of the problem
These studies emphasize the complementary nature of business and sustainable practices, stating
that sustainable business operations make excellent economic sense. Some critics have
questioned businesses' ability to contribute to environmental goals. Because of its major focus on
continuing growth and financial viability, business is sometimes viewed as the source of
environmental problems rather than the solution to them.. (Collins, Lawrence, Pavlovich, &
Ryan, 2007) Sustainable business practices have three aspects environment, social and economic
to achieve and develop sustainability, maintaining balance between those three factors is crucial.
Environmental concerns are the dominant macro-level justification for sustainable business
practices that humanity is placing extensive demands on available resources through
unsustainable but well-established consumption patterns. This would include non-human factors.
This is an important issue, as environment-centric business practices (Green business practices)
are frequently considered separate from sustainable business practices. Social concerns about
sustainable business practices are also utilized to address social policy issues like inclusivity,

6
equity, international labor standards, adversity targets, renewal, and mixing. Examples include
meeting the employment, care, and welfare requirements of groups such as ethnic minorities,
children, the elderly, individuals with impairments, and adults lacking basic skills. Economic
(profit) concerns regarding sustainable business practices offer the organization with long-term
growth and stimulate innovation. (Sönnichsen & Clement, 2020)

Several studies in the sustainable business practices literature have identified potential barriers to
adopt sustainable business practices which are often external and organizational in nature and the
data collection focuses on business practices department and its subordinates, this paper
examines both organizational in nature factors and external factors like: (H.T.S. Caldera, C.
Desha, & L. Dawes, 2019)

 Top management support

 Skill and financial capacity
 Availability of suppliers for sustainable goods and service
 Policy and legal frameworks

are affecting the degree of sustainable business practices in ethiotelecom by increasing the
survey areas to other department like supply chain and warehouse including supply chain and
marketing (business practices departments).

hence this study is interested to identify the present sustainable business practices and related
challenges of addressing social, economic, and environmental imperatives for sustainable
business practices in ethiotelecom, by selecting the organization as point of discussion and
provide way forward.

1.4 Research Question

1. To what extent does the top management effect on sustainable business practices?
2. How does the skill and financial capacity influence on sustainable business practice?
3. How does the availability of suppliers for sustainable goods and service influence
sustainable business practice?

7
 4. To what extent does the policy and legal framework effect on sustainable business
practices?

1.5 Objectives of the Study

1.5.1 General objectives
The objective of this research would be to analyze barriers for adoption of sustainable business
practices in ethiotelecom and make recommendations on how to overcome the barriers on
adoption of sustainable business practices in the organization.
1.5.2 Specific objectives
 To analysis the skill and financial capacity impact on sustainable business practices in
ethiotelecom
 To analyze the top management support on sustainable business practices in ethiotelecom
 To determine the policy and legal framework on sustainable business practices in
ethiotelecom
 To determine the supplier availability for sustainable goods and service on sustainable
business practices in ethiotelecom

1.6 Significant of the study

Sustainable business practices help organization to allow to operate sustainably and it is crucial
as it’s becoming an increasingly significant requirement for success. As well as improving your
organization’s reputation, sustainable business practices yield major advantages like reducing
greenhouse gas emissions, boosting employee wellbeing, and supporting sustainable local
communities.
The study helps ethiotelecom leading growth strategy and companies core values like socially
responsible to be meet with the help of transforming its business practices to sustainable business
practices that will increase its business’s reputation, protect the environment, and have the
capacity to bolster revenue growth, reduce operating costs, and attract a wider customer base.
The benefit of this study is for the organization, for the country as a whole and for the wider
community who has been affected by non-human factors and in addition it services as a body of
knowledge for future researchers.

8
1.7 Scope (delimitations) of the study
The geographical scope of the study aims on berries for adoption of sustainable business
practices in Ethiotelecom which delimits itself on ethiotelecom because ethiotelecom is the
largest company in Ethiopian and conduct business practices both in local and international
market and uses technological and supplies materials which have the direct relation with
environment, social and economic that can determine sustainable business practices impact.

The conceptual scope of the study will adapt descriptive and quantitative research design.
quantitative research design applicable to measure numeric figures, quantity, amounts, used
extensively and refers as systematic empirical investigation of phenomena quantitative data and
their relationship. The descriptive research may include behavior observation research, you can
observe a lot by watching and survey research.

The time scope of the study are mainly focuses of past studies on similar areas and find a gaps
for further studies using data’s which conduct for the last ten years that provide support for
current studies.

1.8 Limitation of the study

The limitation of this study are some respondent or participant might think that the data they
provide will be used for other purpose or fear of confidentiality. I assure the participant the data
will only and strictly uses for academicals purpose only and process higher official letter support.

Hypothesis
The alternative hypothesis formulated based on related literature reviews are: -
H1; There is a significant effect of policy and legal framework on sustainable business practices
in ethiotelecom
H2; There is a significant effect of top management support on sustainable business practices in
ethiotelecom.
H3; There is a significant effect of financial capacity on sustainable business practices in
ethiotelecom
H4; There is a significant effect of supplier availability on sustainable business practices in
ethiotelecom

9
 CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
This chapter contains the theoretical and empirical review of the study. The theoretical
framework includes introduction to on the barrier on adoption of sustainable business practices,
which focuses on top management support, policy and legal framework, skill and financial
capacity, availability of suppliers for sustainable goods and service, and employers level of
adaption for new change on sustainable business practices and getting in-depth knowledge of
sustainable business practices, In addition, it also includes empirical review of the study from
different researchers in different countries and in Ethiopia.

2.1 Theoretical Review

2,1.1 Introduction Sustainability of Business
The initial definition of sustainability is as a conservative technique of restoring and preserving
natural resources that will be depleted in the future of the living environment, based on
implications and trade policy perceptions. He defined sustainability as growth that can continue
without causing economic problems, as well as development that can progress without creating
economic concerns and can be sustained without causing environmental obstacles. (Aghelie ,
2017) However, United Nations (1997) definition of sustainability seemed to be largely
acceptable where the sustainability was explained as which “meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own goals”.
There are many factors that persuade or discourage business firms to adopt sustainable policies.
It is important to understand how different factors are interlinked to influence the business
owners’/managers’ decisions for sustainability. Therefore, the gap between policies and their
implementation in the workplace causes the failure of the adoption of sustainable in business
practices Ethiotelecom. To provide a clear picture, the present study intends to investigate the
factors that might foster/hinder the adoption of sustainable policies in business practices. The

10
study provides a systematic literature review on sustainable business policies from 2022 to
2023G.C. We consider what are the key factors supporting or obstructing the successful
implementation of a sustainability framework in the business practices in SMEs. Our findings
reveal that data-centered solutions, sensor aided cyber physical systems, green consumption,
vendor support, technological roadmap, gain legitimacy on the use of data analytics, and
acceleration of digital transformation are the most significant enablers for sustainable business
practices in SMEs. In addition, cloud enterprise resource planning is found to be the most
significant enabler for developing countries. The barriers are mainly related to the implantation
of the enablers. Among those major barriers are security of the data storage, lack of trust, lack of
top management support, resistance to change to the new technology, lack of skilled workforce,
data breaches, and poor network security. Our findings have key policy implications for
practitioners and policy makers.

ethiotelecom commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility. Its CSR interventions have a

positive impact on society, environment, and all stakeholders. The company CSR projects
focuses in strengthening communities by targeting the fundamental drivers of long-term
development such as education, health, environmental protection, greening and beautification.to
address the CSR goals ethiotelecom contribute 75.47m for education,20.1m for
environment,83.84m for government projects,106.6m humanitarian aids,18.75m voluntarism
support for the need one,137.03m free bulk SMS for sociality concern total 422.57 million birr.
(web.ethiotelecom.et, 2023)

The company’s (Al Hashmi, Khan, & M. Ajmal , 2020) (Grandia, Groeneveld, Kuipers, &
Steijn, 2014) (Ermias, 2019) and business practices department have a doing a lot of business
practices activities for the company in a way that support the company strategy but the business
practices methods lack the adaption of sustainable business practices which help the companies
CSR goals as the same time increase its competitive advantage in the market.

Lean and green thinking seeks to address waste issues through continuous improvement, which
may include the application of one or more lean and green methods to achieve improvement
strategies. Lean thinking focuses on eight forms of waste streams: overproduction, waiting,
transportation, defects, excessive processing, inventory, motion, and underutilized talent. Green
thinking covers eight environmental waste streams, including "excessive water usage, excessive

11
power usage, excessive resource usage, pollution, rubbish, greenhouse effects, eutrophication,
and poor health and safety". Within this lean and green framework, a range of tools are available
to decrease waste and enhance efficiency. (H.T.S. Caldera, C. Desha, & L. Dawes, 2019)

2.1.2 Sustainable business practices

Sustainable planning results in green practices that contribute to increased production efficiency,
lower material costs, and lower environmental and occupational safety expenses, such as reduced
regulatory compliance costs and potential liabilities. Furthermore, such practices can help to
strengthen the firm’s reputation and image among the public.

Sustainable business strategies are frequently utilized to mitigate negative environmental impacts
associated with production and consumption. Several studies in the sustainable business practices
literature have identified potential drivers and impediments to implementing sustainable business
practices, which are frequently organizational in nature. Using an organizational perspective.
(Aghelie , 2017)

The study discovered that leadership and management support are essential for implementing
sustainable company practices. Project teams will achieve business sustainability if managers are
supportive and incorporate sustainable business practices into their strategy or goal setting.
Sustainable business strategies are frequently utilized to mitigate negative environmental impacts
associated with production and consumption. Several studies in the literature on sustainable
business practices have identified potential drivers and impediments to adoption, which are
frequently organizational in nature. Using an organizational perspective. (Bocken, Short, P.
Rana, & Evans, 2014)

2.1.3 Sustainable Development

This concept of saving resources for future generations is one of the key differences between
sustainable development policy and traditional environmental policy, which also attempts to
internalize the externalities of environmental deterioration. The main goal of sustainable
development (SD) is the long-term stability of the economy and environment; this can only be
accomplished by integrating and acknowledging economic, environmental, and social issues
throughout the decision-making process. (Emas, 2015)

12
One difficulty in sustainable development is capital substitution. There are three sorts of capital:
social, natural, and manmade. The definition of weak sustainable development states that just the
aggregate level of capital is relevant: man-made, or manufactured, capital is an appropriate
substitute for natural capital. Strong sustainability, on the other hand, recognizes the distinct
characteristics of natural resources that cannot be replicated by manufactured capital. Most
ecologists and environmentalists support the strong sustainability concept. (Emas, 2015)

2.2 Theoretical literature review

By Stefan Seidel, Jan Recker, Christoph Pimmer and Jan vom Brocke (2010) studied on the area
like my study topics and support the assumption used in this study This paper presents results
from a case study of a world-wide operating IT software solution provider that is engaged in the
development and adoption of sustainable practices. Our study suggests that the adoption of
sustainable practices comes along with several particularities. We found information technology
to be a key enabler of transparency about the progress of sustainability operations. We further
found personal, motivator factors as well as organizational factors such as business inclusion,
strategy definition, and a dialectic top-management and bottom-up support, to play a role in
enabling a company to manage their sustainability. We describe a set of conjectures forthcoming
from our case analysis and detail some implications for further research in this area. (Seidel,
Recker , Pimmer , & Brocke , 2010)

""Green IS" is a well-known colloquialism that identifies information technology (IT),

information systems (IS), and related practices as both contributors to environmental concerns
and potential enhancers of green, sustainable solutions to these challenges. However, while
businesses all over the world recognize the value and potential of IS's transformative power to
build, shape, or support sustainable practices, few instances of such approaches exist in industry
or are discussed in studies.

The research approach Because the field of sustainable business practices is theory-devoid and
largely unexplored, we chose a revelatory case study as an appropriate research technique. A
case study technique was chosen appropriate because it would allow us to investigate sustainable
practices and their implementation as a large and complex phenomena that is strongly linked to
the socio-organizational context in which they occur. The selection of a single revelatory case

13
study is warranted since access to the case location allowed us to see and evaluate a phenomenon
previously unavailable to scientific examination in studies. (Seidel, Recker , Pimmer , &
Brocke , 2010)

Conceptual frameworks for these studies are Strategy definition, Organizational support
Motivation, Traceability through information systems effect on successful adaption of
sustainable business practices.

Data Collection and Analysis Our research employed two primary ways of data acquisition.
First, key documents were evaluated, including the organization's internal sustainability report,
which summarized the project's goals, progress, and problems to date. Second, four members of
the organization's sustainability operations team engaged in semi-structured interviews to discuss
parts of the organization's internal sustainability transformation program. Interview Design: We
conducted semi-structured, topical interviews with managers in charge of the organization's
sustainability activities. The interviews were constructed around a set of pre-planned questions to
cover the subject matter.

This outcome is consistent with the ideas presented, which speculate on the prospects for
sustainable practices to increase profitability and create new strategic directions for a
corporation. Our study demonstrates that sustainable development must also address the
management of internal business procedures to promote the organization's emergence as a
sustainability provider. We will discuss the findings primarily related to the role of internal
sustainable practices. In doing so, we address the study questions by identifying facilitators for
the adoption of sustainable practices, with a particular emphasis on the role of information
systems in the case organization. Enablers and barriers to the successful adoption of sustainable
practices We identified from our interview data analysis four major categories of enablers,
namely strategy definition, organizational support, motivation, and traceability. While some of
these factors (organizational support and strategy definition) display relevance also to other types
of organizational change efforts such as ERP implementation or process outsourcing, we
uncovered several particularities attributed to the specific subject of sustainability. (Seidel,
Recker , Pimmer , & Brocke , 2010)

14
Contributions This study adds to the developing research body on the development and
implementation of sustainable business practices by evaluating the case of an IT software
solution provider. By presenting an initial framework for understanding the enablers and hurdles
to the adoption of sustainability practices, we established a set of hypotheses to provide
colleague researchers with propositions to drive future research. We feel that this research is also
highly relevant to industrial practice because it demonstrates the process, enablers, and
challenges encountered by the case organization when implementing sustainable IS practices.
These experiences may guide other organizations in their efforts toward sustainable practices.
(Seidel, Recker , Pimmer , & Brocke , 2010)

The gap and future research suggestions are that the topic of sustainability crosses multiple
disciplines; thus, economics, sociology, psychology, design, engineering, and other perspectives
are likely to advance our understanding of how new, IS-based practices can be developed to
positively contribute to emerging global challenges.

The limitations noted in the study are first To overcome this constraint and the potential bias
behind our data analysis, the study used a technique called triangulation, which involved
numerous researchers in the process of assessing the data. The research does not claim that the
categories and linkages described in this study are exhaustive, but rather that they provide an
early body of knowledge regarding a crucial and emerging component of IS: the development
and implementation of sustainable practices. Second, the study recognizes the extent of our
literature review as a potential constraint. There has been research on Green IT, and specifically,
the role of institutional pressures on the adoption of sustainable business practices, which we did
not explore in our study so far.

2.3.2 Prioritising Barriers towards Adoption of Sustainable Consumption and

Production Practices using TOPSIS
The study conducted by Mr Mohd Imran Khan1 , Mr Shahbaz Khan1*, Dr Abid Haleem2 , Mr
Mohd Javaid3 on year 2018 based on the assumption on unsustainable form of consumption and
production in current business practices and lifestyle of the consumers seems inviting problems
for the planet, such as a lack of natural resources, environmental challenges, and an increase in
trash generation. To address these rising issues and assure long-term development, industries and
consumers must prioritize the integration of Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP)

15
practices into their daily operations. However, the implementation of SCP techniques is fraught
with difficulties due to a variety of obstacles. This report outlines 10 significant impediments to
the implementation of SCP practices through an exhaustive literature research and is endorsed by
experts. (Khan, Khan, Haleem, & Javaid, 2018)

Globalization is predicted to raise the disposable income of the masses during the next two
decades, resulting in increased demand for already constrained natural resources. If consumption
and production patterns are not altered, permanent environmental damage could occur. Making
consumption and production sustainable is a critical concern for the modern world, which must
be tackled in the business sector by implementing a responsible business model. Furthermore,
consumers must be made aware of sustainable consumption and lifestyles, by providing
information through proper labeling/standards and involving them in sustainable purchase. This
paper has two research objectives:

to identify the barriers to the adoption of SCP practices in every supply chain operation and to
prioritize the identified barriers to uncover their relative importance using TOPSIS technique.

Barriers to adopt SCP practices in supply chain Adoption of SCP practices requires ‘lifecycle
thinking’, to extend sustainable development in production as well as consumption phases.
(Khan, Khan, Haleem, & Javaid, 2018) The adoption of SCP practices inhibited by several
barriers. The mitigation of these barriers may help the policymakers to evaluate their existing
practices of SCP practices like

Barriers to Organizational Adoption of Sustainable Business Practices

1. Financial Constraints

o One of the most significant barriers is the cost of implementing sustainable

technologies and practices, which may require large upfront investments without
immediate financial returns.

o Example: Installing renewable energy systems or transitioning to sustainable

supply chains can involve substantial capital outlays.

2. Short-Term Focus on Profit

16
 o Many organizations prioritize short-term financial gains over long-term
sustainability goals, particularly in highly competitive industries.

o Example: Companies may forego sustainable investments due to pressure from

shareholders to deliver immediate profits, even if sustainable practices would
benefit them long-term.

3. Lack of Awareness and Education

o Both management and employees may lack knowledge about sustainable

practices and their potential benefits, leading to slow adoption.

o Example: Without proper training or awareness campaigns, employees may resist

sustainability initiatives due to unfamiliarity with new practices.

4. Cultural Resistance to Change

o Organizational culture may resist adopting new ways of working, especially if

sustainability initiatives require fundamental changes in operations or behaviors.

o Example: Employees may resist changes to production processes or workflows

that are designed to reduce environmental impact but require adjustments in their
daily tasks.

5. Regulatory Barriers

o Inconsistent or weak regulatory frameworks can create uncertainty and deter

businesses from investing in sustainable initiatives.

o Example: In countries with weak enforcement of environmental regulations,

businesses may be less incentivized to adopt sustainability measures.

6. Lack of Technological Infrastructure

o Limited access to or understanding of sustainable technologies can prevent

organizations from adopting environmentally friendly practices.

17
 o Example: Small businesses, especially in developing economies, may not have
access to advanced technologies that enable energy-efficient operations.

7. Supply Chain Complexity

o The complexity of global supply chains makes it difficult for businesses to control
sustainability practices across all suppliers.

o Example: Even if a company adopts sustainable practices, it may still face

challenges in ensuring that suppliers adhere to the same standards.

8. Misaligned Incentives

o Employees and managers may not have incentives to prioritize sustainability,

especially if performance metrics are not tied to environmental or social
outcomes.

o Example: If sustainability is not integrated into performance reviews or reward

systems, it may not receive the attention it deserves.

9. Market Uncertainty

o Uncertainty about the profitability of sustainable products or services can make

businesses hesitant to invest in green innovations.

o Example: A company may be reluctant to invest in eco-friendly products if it is

unclear whether consumers are willing to pay a premium for them.

These barriers are prioritized through TOPSIS method using the expert inputs. The “lack of
consumer awareness” having the highest priority among all identified barriers and which implies
that it requires the attention of the organization as well as government bodies. The ranking of the
barriers is analyzed with the experts, and this provided useful insight to formulate strategies to
coordinate and collaborate to enable SCP practices in SC effectively. The order of relative
importance of barrier obtained through TOPSIS may help the policymakers to formulate
effective policy. The rank presented may act as a benchmark to mitigate the SCP adoption-
related issues.

18
The gap and future research suggestion of this study is that it is based on the opinion of the
experts, there may be judgmental bias. Also, a wider rating of the 7 or 9-point linguistic scale
could be used instead of using a 5-point linguistics scale. The identified barriers can further be
evaluated using tools like ANP and DEMATEL under fuzzy environment. A case-based
validation will also improve the study.

The study conducted by H.T.S. Caldera*a , C. Desha a,b and L. Dawes c in 2019 on Sustainable
business practice’ is an aspiration for an increasing proportion of small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs) around the world, promising profitability, resilience and positive social and
environmental impacts. 'Lean thinking' has emerged as a prominent business technique for SMEs
to create sustainable business practices by addressing the demand for production efficiency and
waste reduction. In this study, we investigate the co-evolution of 'lean and green thinking' and
the potential for lean and green practices to facilitate effective transitions to sustainable business
practices. Focusing on investigations into manufacturing SMEs in Queensland, Australia, and
establish four key enablers and six key barriers to sustainable business practice, derived from a
series of in-depth interviews with CEOs and senior managers involved in sustainability and lean
manufacturing. (H.T.S. Caldera, C. Desha, & L. Dawes, 2019)
With the significant proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) dominating the
world’s economy it is estimated that they are responsible for about 70 per cent of global
industrial waste pollution. These enterprises have a responsibility to address pollution prevention
and align their business strategy with sustainable business. (H.T.S. Caldera, C. Desha, & L.
Dawes, 2019)
Institutional theory provides a valuable theoretical lens through which to study the facilitators
and challenges to implementing sustainable business practices in SMEs. This article aims to
study how SMEs might use lean and green techniques to achieve long-term business results. This
study creates a novel 'Model of Strategic Enablers of Sustainable Business Practice' to help
SMEs consciously apply lean and green methods to successfully adopt sustainable business
outcomes. It also identifies impediments to SME progress toward sustainable business practice.

When implementing these lean and green practices, SMEs encounter a number of challenges,
including insufficient financial resources, insufficient experience, an inability to recognize
potential value additions and cost savings to the firm, and a feeling of an invisible position in the

19
market.. The lack of environmental awareness in suppliers was a dominant barrier identified in
green supply chain management. Furthermore, researchers have documented a variety of
constraints to the overall sustainability performance of SMEs, including a lack of awareness on
their negative environmental impacts, a lack of education and expertise and a lack of financial
resources eco-economic decoupling lack of public awareness of and lack of public pressure
regarding sustainability, conflicts between environmentally-related practices and other business
objectives , lack of effective legislation and/or a weak regulatory environment, and low
managerial priority given to undertaken sustainability-related practices.

Conceptual framework constructed based on lean and green literature and underpinning theories,
a conceptual framework is presented to help communicate the exploratory study in the following
sections by the institutional mechanisms of coercive, normative and mimetic mechanisms, which
then influence SMEs to engage in lean and green practice to achieve sustainable business
practice. This transition entails overcoming a few barriers which are important to discern, to
better understand how lean and green practices can enable sustainable business practice. (H.T.S.
Caldera, C. Desha, & L. Dawes, 2019)

The research methodology used in these papers is an exploratory investigation. The goal of doing
this exploratory study was to gather examples of SMEs implementing lean and green practices
and create rich contextualized insights. The exploratory approach, which use institutional theory
as a meta-conceptualization to study the key facilitators and barriers of sustainable business
practice in SMEs, allows for the evaluation of enablers and barriers to sustainable business
practice while also laying the framework for future research. This method is based on our past
research on defining sustainable business practice. Semi-structured interviews with top decision
makers in SMEs were utilized to gain a deeper understanding of lean and green-enabled
sustainable business practice.

Participants were chosen using one of the most common non-probability sampling techniques,
known as 'convenience sampling', based on their level of accessibility. We addressed these SMEs
via a Queensland professional industry association that helps SMEs improve their business
performance. Interviewees were chosen based on two criteria: 1) The participant should be a
senior decision maker (e.g., CEO, Production Manager, Senior Manager) in charge of lean and

20
green manufacturing; and 2) the participant should work for a company with less than 250
workers in Southeast Queensland.

The digitally recorded interviews were manually transcribed in the NVivo Pro (version 11)
software before being analyzed using data reduction methods. To detect developing themes, we
used a thematic analysis method. A combination of inductive and deductive reasoning strategies
was used. The study began with a deductive or theory-driven coding method (A-priori codes) in
NVivo 11 software, followed by the creation of additional new nodes (In-vivo codes) inductively
from interview data. Axial coding then classified data in novel ways (13 codes).

 The study discovered four critical enablers for establishing sustainable business practice
in SMEs, as well as possible opportunities to use lean and green thinking to help with the
shift. Six main barriers are also highlighted and analyzed in connection to the underlying
variables that influence them.
 Factors driving SMEs to adopt sustainable business practices. The authors noticed all
three institutional processes of normative, coercive, and mimetic drivers that influence
SMEs to shape their environmental decisions and legitimize their economic activity.
Coercive drivers appear to have the greatest influence on observed SMEs.
 Promotes sustainable business practices. Overall, the industrial practitioners from 13
SMEs in this study reported positive reinforcement from their lean and green
operations.towards sustainable business practice aspirations. Indeed, managerial
perspectives were that the implemented lean and green processes offered process
excellence and improved environmental performance, in addition to contributing to
sustainability key performance measures. In the following paragraphs four major
categories of enablers are presented, drawn from the thematic analysis: integrated
strategies, continuous improvement, stakeholder involvement and streamlined processes.
(H.T.S. Caldera, C. Desha, & L. Dawes, 2019)

Although the study sample is limited to SMEs in South East Queensland, we nonetheless
uncover significant distinctive contextual enablers and constraints that influence sustainable
business practice adoption for SMEs, such as the unique market and local and state government
regulatory environment. These examples are not meant to be exhaustive; the goal of this study
was to draw on unique cases and provide deeper insights on lean and green-driven sustainable

21
business practices in SMEs. Our next steps will be to test the enablers in other sectors. It is
believed that SMEs have the ability to improve their sustainability performance business
practices by carefully and holistically incorporating lean thinking and green thinking methods.
This integration of lean thinking and sustainable business practice demands deeper exploration,
and future research will investigate specific lean and green tools for optimizing sustainable
business practice.

2.3 Empirical literature review

Top management support on sustainable business practices

The researcher has identified lack of senior management support as a barrier to sustainable
business practices. An organizational culture and structures, and processes that are supportive
and conducive towards sustainable solutions, as well as senior management support are
considered key in sustainable business practices. (Jaramillo, Sossa, & Mendoza, 2018)

Leadership and Change management in an organization involves the implementation of new

processes, strategies, and cultures. It requires effective leadership, the integration of individual
and organizational change processes, as well as the integration of project design and change
management. Thus, this factor is a key barrier to SP. (Al Hashmi, Khan, & M. Ajmal , 2020)

Based on the research paper on the areas of sustainable business practices conducted on the title
The impact of internal and external factors on sustainable business practices: a case study of oil
and gas companies in UAE explain the internal and external barriers for adaption of sustainable
business practices for which leader ship and change management is the one internal factors on
sustainable business practices the researcher based on review of literatures write the his
hypothesis H1; that there is significant effect of leader ship and change management on
sustainable business practices .

The researcher supports his hypothesis using descriptive statistics and use a questioner survey to
collect data and analysis his findings to support his hypothesis. (H.T.S. Caldera, C. Desha, & L.
Dawes, 2019)

22
Based on the research paper on the areas of sustainable business practices conducted on the title
Sustainable Business practices in Practice: Explaining the Degree of Sustainable Business
practices from an Organizational Perspective study defines.

Employers level of adaption for new change

It appears that the status of the business practice’s function tends to be lower than in other
functional areas, this relatively low influence is aggravated by a general lack of commitment and
ownership of business practices strategies by staffs, senior management, and political leaders as
well. directly linked to a person’s reluctance to change. Unwillingness to adapt and the risk of
implementing new techniques are two of these variables. Stakeholders’ unwillingness to accept
changes to business practices processes is at the heart of this issue. This underscored who stated
that many institutions are often hesitant to change their business practices policies. In addition,
found that the lack of green developers and the unwillingness to change were big obstacles to
sustainability. Sustainable business practices may be hindered by economic factors, and as a
result, it needs to be addressed. Hence, a positive public organization attitude toward
environmental issues, as well as the institutionalization of specific government policies that
provide incentives, such as tax policies for sustainable business practices, would also encourage
sustainable solutions. (H.T.S. Caldera, C. Desha, & L. Dawes, 2019)

Literature from the field of organizational change offers more insights into commitment to
changes. Commitment is defined as a force that binds a project team to a course of action
deemed necessary for the application of sustainable business practices within their business
practices project. Commitment also does not have to be present from the start; it can occur after
mandated or coerced involvement at the individual or system level. If public procurers are
required to change their routines or behavior, they could become committed in the process. Three
different types of commitment to change can be distinguished: affective, continuance, and
normative Affective commitment is a desire to provide support for change based on a belief in its
inherent benefits an example would be a belief that sustainable business practices is beneficial
for the environment. Continuance commitment is the recognition that there are costs associated
with failure to provide support for the change an example would be the recognition that not
procuring sustainably could lead to hefty fines (due to breaking environmental laws) or bad
press. Normative commitment is a sense of obligation to provide support for change, for
23
example, because in many other projects in the organization project teams are procuring
sustainably. demonstrated that affective and normative commitment to a change resulted in
higher levels of support than continuance commitment. (Al Hashmi, Khan, & M. Ajmal , 2020)

Skill and Financial capacity on sustainable business practices

Another barrier to procuring innovative solutions resides at the level of the individual where
there may be a discrepancy between the capabilities held by procurers and the skills required for
procuring innovative solutions. there was a lack of understanding about sustainability and its
relationship to business practices and cost of adaption. (Jaramillo, Sossa, & Mendoza, 2018)

Based on the research paper on the areas of sustainable business practices conducted on the title
Green Business practices in an organization: A Case Study of Unilever Ghana Limited define the
financial capacity in order to implement green business practices, it is important to identify any
challenges or hurdles that are likely to be encountered and determine ways of overcoming them.
For example, in green public business practices, if a municipality is able to identify the criteria
for business practices environmentally friendly products but contracting authorities refuse to
accept or and the company require to retender at international level which will cost the higher
whole life cost of the product or use them then the products will be rendered useless. (Bocken,
Short, P. Rana, & Evans, 2014) One significant element lacking in green business practices is a
mechanism that would be used for calculating or quantifying the environmental benefits. Having
concrete and sound data provides decision-makers with stronger arguments for a nation-wide
engagement and commitment to green business practices which need new investment for the
company to deploy mechanisms calculating or quantifying the environmental benefits that also
require financial capacity. (Bocken, Short, P. Rana, & Evans, 2014)

Another challenge in green business practices is unawareness and/or uncertainty. Many business
practices managers and other business practices professionals struggle in defining the term
“environmentally preferable” and therefore have a difficult time incorporating environmental
attributes during their decision making which require financial capacity to trained and bring
awareness to the business practices managers and staffs as well as the stakeholders. (Casier,
2017)

24
The researcher adopt Descriptive research design was used and a stratified random sampling
method to pick a sample of the respondents who were provided with the questionnaires. The
target population comprised over 60 employees from Unilever Ghana Limited. A sample of 20
respondents was selected. The quantitative data generated was keyed in and analyzed by use of
Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) to generate information which was being presented
using tables, charts, frequencies and percentages. The findings indicated that the cost of green
business practices is relatively high and the resources required to implement green business
practices are limited in manufacturing sector. (Chari & Chiriseri , 2014)

The researcher concludes that the perception that sustainable products are expensive and lack of
knowledge about sustainable business practices concept largely contributed to the adoption of
sustainable business practices.

Availability of suppliers for sustainable goods and service

Lack of suppliers of sustainable goods or services is also another factor to sustainable business
practices. Some environmentally preferable products aren’t as readily available, may not meet
performance specifications, or may not be cost-competitive. However, these products often
outperform their less-green counterparts through improved efficiencies or favorable life-cycle
costs.

Lack of suppliers of sustainable assets or services is also another barrier to sustainable business
practices. Some environmentally preferable products aren’t as readily available, may not meet
performance specifications, or may not be cost-competitive. However, these products often
outperform their less-green counterparts through improved efficiencies or favorable life-cycle
costs. (Fernandoa, Jabbour, & Wah, 2019) if business practices managers were serious about the
environmental performance of their company and its products then environmental credentials of
suppliers should emerge as one criterion to influence supplier selection’. Suppliers are evaluated
and accredited through rating systems as part of a sustainable business practices policy to
determine sustainability performance. As part of the supplier assessment process, organizations
typically require suppliers to attain third party certification accreditation to various codes and
standards including the ISO 9001 series for quality management. Environmental management

25
assurances are now becoming frequent and in some cases are mandatory claim compliance with
environmental standards, including ISO 14000 and Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
(EMAS).

manufacturers are generally reluctant to respond to global trends and best practices pertaining to
sustainability. This is mainly due to the great cost related to and the unavailability of potential
second and third tier 'green suppliers' to meet their unique specifications. (Gounden, 2015)

Policy and legal framework on sustainable business practices

The researcher noted that corporate social responsibility(CSR) is the commitment to systematic
consideration of the environmental, social and cultural aspects of an organization’s operations.
This includes the key issues of sustainability, human rights, labor and community relations, and
supplier and customer relations beyond legal obligations; the objective being to create long- term
business value and contribute to improving the social conditions of people affected by the
organization’s operations. Where an organization already has a CSR policy, this will support the
implementation of sustainable business practices. (Kiefer, González, & Hermosilla, 2018)

The research paper on factor influencing sustainable business practices within the private and
public sector in south Africa argued that suitable legal frameworks and regulatory create barriers
in the implementations as they are highly political in nature; however, contradicts this view, by
arguing that the politician can help in removing the barriers to sustainable supply chain. There
are really four stakeholders that are involved in the process: A regulatory body, such as
government; Educational and professional institutions; Supply chain specialists; and End users of
the product or service. To proceed with the sustainable business practices program, all
stakeholders should proactively participate. Government and regulatory bodies need to deal with
financial, regulatory, policy and guidance obstacles. Individual public procurers should provide
adequate training, sufficient time and appropriate communication. Academics and professionals
should raise the degree of awareness of sustainability within society. (Gounden, 2015) The
researcher uses quantitative and descriptive research approach though self-administered online
survey questionnaire which is sent to business practices staff and managers with in the private
and public sector and the result showed that the public sector is influenced by clear policy and
regulation.

26
The research paper on factor influencing sustainable business practices in the Malaysian
manufacturing firm that Regulatory pressures also plays an important role in influencing the
implementation of SP practices an organization would of course implement SP practices if it
were being encouraged by the government bodies on environmental rules and regulations. The
role of government by enforcing strict regulations to be complied by firms encourage SP
practices in resolving environmental issues is becoming more and more important, which is
widely recognized by academics. (Grandia, Groeneveld, Kuipers, & Steijn, 2014)

Environmental regulation results in improved environmental procedures and green practices.

where government regulations are seen as the ‘main driving force for firms to adopt SP, to
enhance towards environmental improvement’. (H.T.S. Caldera, C. Desha, & L. Dawes, 2019)
The researcher uses questioner sent on email for 170 manufacturing firm in Malaysia and
analysis the result using SPSS and accept the hypothesizes that: H3: Government regulations
have a positive and significant relationship with the implementation of sustainable business
practices.

The researcher concludes that lack of sustainable business practices policy in the organization
was a major limitation to the practice of sustainable business practices. organizations did not
have a policy on sustainable business practices; as a result, it was not mandatory to carry out
sustainable business practices.

Gap analysis

The researcher uses descriptive research design and the data collected by interview and survey
questioner form the sample size 300 business practices staff and administrators. The study
concluded that lack of sustainable business practices policy in the organization was a major
limitation to the practice of sustainable business practices. It was difficult to enforce
sustainability practices in the absence of a policy. Senior management were not supportive of
sustainable business practices. Also, the perception that the sustainable products are expensive
and lack of knowledge about sustainable business practices concept largely contributed to the
adoption of sustainable business practices. (Chari & Chiriseri , 2014)

27
 The gap analysis the research design used couldn’t show significant level of effect of variables
that is why my research uses explanatory/casual/ research design of inferential analysis that
shows relationship between variables and test statistical significance. The sample size the
researcher uses is large which might result the researcher to the higher error.

Conceptual framework

Conceptual framework for this research was developed through previous studies on SP. This
theoretical framework provides a holistic view of different literature review on barriers for
adaption of sustainable business practices in ethiotelecom.

Top management support

Policy and legal frameworks

Sustainable business
practices in ethiotelecom
Suppliers availability for
sustainable goods and service

Skill and Financial capacity

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 CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes how the research would be conducted, it reveals the research approach,
data collection methods, sampling methods and the data collection process, review of statistical
tools and how the data will be analyzed. For this work to be authentic the research explains all
the procedures, the data collection tools, and the variables used and reasons for the choice as well
as the limitation of the methodology used.
3.1 Research Approach
The study used both descriptive research designs. Descriptive method was used to describe the
characteristics/ dimensions of the research variables. The quantitative method used to collect
data from a given number of respondents. The study was to be also cross-sectional in nature
because the researcher was gathering data once over a period of days to answer the research
questions.
3.2 Research design
A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of
data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in
procedure.” In fact, the research design is the conceptual structure within which research is
conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.
(Kothari, 2004)
The study Would adapt descriptive and quantitative research design. quantitative research design
applicable to measure numeric figures, quantity, amounts, used extensively and refers as
systematic empirical investigation of phenomena quantitative data and their relationship. The
descriptive research may include behavior observation research, you can observe a lot by
watching and survey research.

3.3 Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique

3.3.1 Population of Study

Sampling is the process of choosing, from a much large population, a group about which wishes
to make generalized statements so that the selected part represents the total group (Leedy, 1989;

29
pp. 158). The sampling population was employees of the selected Divisions . The selection of the
samples was limited to the divisions of the ethiotelecom in three Divisions . These selections are
limited to these samples because these are highly performer in daily transaction, and these are the
employees who perform the actual activities of sustainable business practices in Ethio telecom
system. To meet the research objectives, a given amount of sample size need used from the total
population of employees of Ethiotelecom under three divisions selected .The division
employees Sale(210) ,Marketing(272) and Supply chain management(332) divisions at
Ethiotelecom Head office. Totally 614. Thus, the researcher selected Sample methods to select
sample size. The process of collecting data by distributing questionnaires to all population in the
study area.

3.3.2 Sample Size

The total population of the research was employees of the selected four branches of Awash in
North Addis Ababa. The total number of the selected branches is around 614 employees. By
using the Slovin formula, the researcher uses around 242 sample employees at 95% confidence
level. The researcher was distributing questioners to samples in randomly selected divisions . In
this study all the employees of the randomly selected divisions were used as a sample.

N
n=
1+N (e )2 = n = 614___
1+614*0.05^2 = 242

3.4.3 Sampling Techniques

The study used stratified sampling technique and judgmental technique simultaneously. The
stratified sampling technique was used to categorize by division. There are three
Divisions ;Sales, Marketing and Supply management .then by simple random sampling select
three divisions from those under Head Quarter. The sample population included top management
and all employees under the selected branches . The researcher was distributing questioners to
samples in randomly selected divisions. In this study all the employees of the randomly selected
branches were used as a sample as target group.

30
3.4.4 Method of data collection
questionnaires are the most popular way of gathering primary data, particularly when the
research problem calls for inferential and descriptive analysis. Hence, self-administered
questionnaires that comprised of close ended questions will be employed in this study. (Kothari,
2004)

3.4.5 Method of data analysis

The study will analyze the primary data by using inferential analysis of quantitative data to draw
conclusion or inferences about a complete population. utilizing statistical packages for social
sciences (SPSS) to meet the goals of the study. This computer software was able to generate all
the descriptive statistical tools the study will be employed in analyzing the data.

3.5 Types of Data and Data Collection Tools

3.5.1 Types and Sources of Data
The researcher used to collect data from both primary and secondary sources. Kothari (2000)
argued that the person who answers the questionnaire might feel in telling the truth. This is the
main reason the researcher decided to make use of this data collection method. Also, the
researcher thought that the use of this data collection method together with other would be
suitable due to the resource restriction that hindered the exclusive use of other methods.

3.5.1.1 Primary Data Collection

Primary data would be collected from the staff of the sample in divisions based on a
structurally designed questionnaire. It included both closed ended and open-ended questions,
which gives the respondents an opportunity for adequate expression of their view on the
questions. In addition, a semi-structured interview with the higher official of Ethiotelecom
managers would be conducted.

3.5.1.2 Secondary Data Collection

Secondary source of data is those which are made available i.e., data which have already been
collected & analyzed by someone else (Ohtani, 2004) Secondary data collected from the
websites of the bank and that was collected from books, Annual report, and published articles

31
3.6 Data Collection Tools
3. 6.1 Interviews
An interview is a data collection method involving verbal interaction between the researcher and
respondents. An interview can be conducted in person with the respondent or via telephone calls.
The researcher would use both face-to-face interviews and telephone interviews in collecting
data, and this would be the main source of primary data.

3. 6.2 Questionnaire
The use of questionnaires is a method of data collection which entails the use if structured direct
and indirect questions which are formulated and printed on a piece of paper or sent through email
to respondents who then answer the questions with or without the presence of the researcher.
This method of data collection would have to be selected since it avails extensive amounts of
data since it would fill the discretion of the respondents. Primary data be collected using self-
administered, structured questi01maires both open and closed ended.

3.7 Data Analysis Technics

To meet the stated objectives, the collected data are analyzed, summarized and organized by
using descriptive Statistics. In analyzing the data gathered, both quantitative and qualitative
methods of data analysis The quantitative data organized through data coding, cleaning, and
entering and analyzed through simple descriptive statistics by percentages, means and
frequencies from the software to Barriers for Adaptation Of Sustainable Business Practices In
Ethio Telecom. Analysis of the qualitative data conducted through thematic analysis techniques.
To protect the rights of the participant’s, coded names were used. Then based on the information
obtained from the analysis, interpretations made to reach conclusions and based on the
conclusion made, workable solutions will be recommended.

3.8 Reliability and validity Test

To ensure the quality of the research design, content and construct validity of the study was
checked. The content validity was verified by the advisor of this research, who investigated the
appropriateness of questions and the scales of measurement. Validity refers to how accurately a
method measures what it is intended to measure. If research has high validity, that means it

32
produces results that correspond to real properties, characteristics, and variations in the physical
or social world. and it refers to the degree to which a statistical instrument measures what it is
intended to measure. It emphasizes the accuracy of a measurement instrument (Saunders, 2009).
Reliability is defined as the probability that a product, system, or service would perform its
intended function adequately for a specified period or would operate in a defined environment
without failure. In this case it refers to the extent to which your data collection techniques or
analysis procedure will yield consistent findings. It focuses on whether the research method and
design are accurate (Underseal; 2009). The reliability test is an important instrument to measure
the consistency of an attribute. It measures the internal consistency of the item in a scale.

3.9 Research Ethics

The study was conducted using ethical considerations. Each respondent to the study was first
informed about the purpose and objective of the study and the questionnaires to be administered.
After explaining the objective of the study, respondents are assured of anonymity and
confidentiality before being administered with the questionnaire.

CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS,PRENTATION AND INTRPRETATION
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the results and analysis of data collected via questionnaire, interviews and
document analysis.

4.1 The Respondents Profiles

Besides participants on the survey questionnaire have different personal information; these
differences introduce different responses towards digital banking usage, and the factors that
influence digital banking adoption. The following discussion shows these differences.

Section A: General Information

33
 Variable Frequency (%)
Sex
Male 140 (57.9%)
Female 102 (42.1%)
Age
20 – 30 50 (20.7%)
31 – 40 80 (33.1%)
41 – 50 60 (24.8%)
Above 50 52 (21.4%)
Level of Education
Diploma 40 (16.5%)
Masters 50 (20.7%)
1st Degree 110 (45.5%)
PhD 42 (17.4%)
Department/Section
Marketing 60 (24.8%)
Supply Chain 50 (20.7%)
Sales 132 (54.5%)
Experience in Business
1 – 5 years 100 (41.3%)
6 – 10 years 90 (37.2%)
11 – 15 years 30 (12.4%)
Above 15 years 22 (9.1%)

34
Interpretation and Summary of Section B (Respondent Knowledge about
Sustainable Business Practices)

Table 1: Frequencies

Question Response Frequency Percent

(%)

Training in Sustainable Business Practices Yes 150 62.0%

No 92 38.0%

Knowledge of Sustainable Business Practices Yes 160 66.1%

No 82 33.9%

Interpretation of Frequency Table: Training in Sustainable Business Practices 62% of

respondents indicated that they have received specific training in sustainable business practices.
38% of respondents stated they have not had such training. This suggests that while a majority
of employees have undergone training, a significant portion has not, indicating room for
improvement in training efforts. Knowledge of Sustainable Business Practices66.1% of
respondents claim to have knowledge about what sustainable business practices are.

o 33.9% reported they do not have knowledge of sustainable business

practices. This indicates that two-thirds of the respondents understand the
concept, but there is still a knowledge gap for about one-third of the
workforce, which may affect the adoption of sustainable practices.

Table 2: Mean and Standard Deviation

Question Mean Std. Deviation

35
 (M) (SD)

Training in Sustainable Business 0.62 0.49

Practices

Knowledge of Sustainable Business 0.66 0.47

Practices

Interpretation of Mean and Standard Deviation Table:

Training in Sustainable Business Practices mean of 0.62 shows that on average, about 62%
of the sample population reported having training in sustainable business practices.0.49 indicates
a large variability, meaning there is a considerable portion of respondents who do not have this
training, as shown by the frequency data. The mean of 0.66 suggests that about 66% of
respondents are knowledgeable about sustainable business practices, which is slightly higher
than the training rate. The standard deviation (SD) of 0.47 also shows some variability in
responses, suggesting differences in the level of awareness among employees. The above table
data collected in Section B offers valuable insights into the level of training and knowledge that
respondents possess regarding sustainable business practices: The majority (62%) of the
respondents have received training, but there is still a significant portion (38%) who have not.
This reveals a potential area for further development, as employees who lack training may
struggle to contribute effectively to sustainable business initiatives. About 66% of respondents
report that they understand sustainable business practices. However, the remaining 34% may
either be unfamiliar or uncertain about such practices, indicating a gap in knowledge
dissemination within the organization
Training and Education: Since nearly 38% of employees lack training in sustainable practices,
increasing training efforts could help boost overall knowledge, participation, and the
effectiveness of sustainability initiatives.: Even though two-thirds of the workforce have
knowledge of sustainable practices, addressing the knowledge gap for the remaining third is
critical to ensuring widespread adoption of sustainable practices.The results point toward the
need for a stronger emphasis on training and awareness-raising efforts to improve employee
engagement and foster better understanding of sustainable practices within the organization. This
could lead to better adoption rates of sustainability initiatives and a more cohesive organizational
strategy for sustainability.

36
Table :Significant Improvement in Compliance to Environmental Standards

Questions very very high

low low Moderate high extent Total
extent
F % F % F % F % F % F %

There are Significant 68 18. 61 16.7 11 31.1 10 29.2 16 4.4 242 100
improvement in its compliance 6 4 7
to environmental standards

There are Significant reduction 63 17. 59 16.1 98 26.8 13 35.5 16 4.4 242 100
in consumption/use of
2 0
hazardous /harmful/toxic
materials.
The company Participates in 72 19. 99 27.0 70 19.1 10 27.6 24 6.6 242 100
Guiding suppliers to establish
7 1
their own environmental
programs

The table shows the distribution of responses across three environmental aspects: (1) compliance
with environmental standards, (2) reduction in hazardous materials, and (3) participation in
guiding suppliers to establish environmental programs. The responses are categorized into five
levels of agreement: very low extent, low, moderate, high, and very high extent. Below is the
interpretation of each item based on the data provided.
Significant Improvement in Compliance to Environmental Standards Very Low Extent (18.6%):
68 respondents believe that the company has made very little improvement in compliance with
environmental standards. Low Extent (16.7%): 61 respondents feel there is a low level of
improvement. Moderate Extent (31.1%): 114 respondents think the improvement is moderate,
the largest proportion in this category. High Extent (29.2%): 107 respondents feel the
improvement is high. Very High Extent (4.4%): Only 16 respondents believe that the company
has made significant improvements to a very high extent. The majority (60.3%) of respondents
view the improvements as either moderate or high, indicating a generally positive perception of
compliance with environmental standards. However, a notable 35.3% feel that the improvements
are at a very low or low extent, indicating some dissatisfaction or skepticism.
Significant Reduction in the Use of Hazardous/Harmful/Toxic Materials Very Low Extent
(17.2%): 63 respondents believe there has been minimal reduction in the use of hazardous

37
materials. Low Extent (16.1%): 59 respondents feel there has been a low level of reduction.
Moderate Extent (26.8%): 98 respondents feel there has been a moderate reduction. High Extent
(35.5%): 130 respondents feel the reduction in hazardous materials is significant. Very High
Extent (4.4%): Only 16 respondents feel the reduction has been very high.
Interpretation: A large proportion of respondents (35.5%) believe that the company has made
high improvements in reducing hazardous materials, with another 26.8% perceiving moderate
reductions. However, around one-third (33.3%) view the reduction as very low or low,
suggesting that this area still requires attention.
From the above table : The Company Participates in Guiding Suppliers to Establish Their
Own Environmental Programs
Very Low Extent (19.7%): 72 respondents feel that the company has made very little effort in
guiding suppliers. Low Extent (27.0%): 99 respondents perceive a low level of participation in
guiding suppliers. General Trends: Across the three environmental aspects, a significant portion
of respondents (around 60% for each aspect) perceive either moderate or high levels of
improvement. However, there is still a considerable proportion of respondents (ranging from
35% to nearly 47%) who feel that the company’s efforts are either low or very low, particularly
in guiding suppliers to establish environmental programs. Key Areas for Improvement: The
company may need to focus on improving its efforts to guide suppliers in establishing their own
environmental programs, as this is where perceptions are most divided, with a substantial
number of respondents feeling that efforts are inadequate. Positive Aspects: The area where
respondents report the highest satisfaction is in the reduction of hazardous materials, with 35.5%
believing the company has made high progress. This indicates a strong performance in this
specific environmental area.

There are There are There are There are There are There are the
Significant Significant Significant Significant Significant Significant sustainabil
improvemen improvement improvement improvem improveme improveme ity
t in its in its in its ent in its nt in its nt in its business

38
 compliance compliance compliance complianc compliance compliance practice
to to to e to to to
environment environmenta environment environme environmen environmen
al standards l standards al standards ntal tal tal
standards standards standards
Valid 242 242 242 242 242 242 242
N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Missing 3.40 3.04 3.41 2.86
Mean 2.74 3.04 3.23
Std. 1.015 1.044 .991 .889 .980 .797 1.154
Deviatio
n
Table 4.8. Summary of Mean and Standard Deviation of considering the sustainability
business practice aspects ethiotelecom in Environmental aspects
Source: own survey 2024
Here's an interpretation of the data you provided regarding perceptions of improvements in
compliance with environmental standards in the context of sustainable business practices.242
respondents provided input for each of the questions, with no missing data. Mean Values: The
means range from 2.74 to 3.41, indicating varying perceptions of compliance improvements.

The above descriptive statistics clearly indicates the corresponding arithmetic mean and standard
deviation of every construct total (total of every individual categorical construct). Thus, ongoing
feedback categorical total has a mean of the standard deviations indicate the spread of responses
around the mean, reflecting how consensus or disagreement exists among respondents. The mean
values suggest that perceptions of significant improvement in compliance to environmental
standards range from moderate to slightly below moderate across the responses. This indicates
that while there is some acknowledgment of improvement, it is not overwhelmingly positive.
Mean of 3.40: Indicates that a portion of respondents feels there are significant improvements,
placing this perception above the neutral point (3).Mean of 2.74: This lower mean suggests that
some respondents feel that improvements are limited or minimal, highlighting potential concerns
or dissatisfaction. The standard deviations range from 0.797 to 1.154, suggesting a moderate
level of variability in responses. A higher standard deviation indicates greater disagreement
among respondents about the extent of improvement, while lower values suggest more
consensus. For instance, a standard deviation of 1.015 for one of the questions suggests a mix of

39
opinions, with some respondents feeling strongly about limited improvements while others see
significant progress. Mixed Perceptions: The results indicate a mixed perception of
improvements in compliance to environmental standards, with some respondents recognizing
progress and others feeling that changes are minimal. The variability in responses and the
presence of lower mean scores suggest that the organization may need to enhance
communication about its sustainability initiatives and their impacts. This could involve sharing
specific examples of improvements or progress made. Engaging employees through training and
involvement in sustainability practices may help shift perceptions toward a more positive view of
compliance improvements.

In summary of this table, while there is some acknowledgment of improvements in compliance

with environmental standards, the variability in responses indicates that there is still room for
growth in both actual practices and employee perceptions. This highlights the importance of
communication, transparency, and engagement in fostering a culture of sustainability within the
organization.

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Based on the analysis made in chapter four the following summary, conclusions and
Recommendation are made on the assessment of the ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

40
5
Conclusion: Overcoming the Barriers

To successfully adopt sustainable business practices, organizations need to:

 Secure strong leadership commitment and align sustainability with core business goals.

 Educate employees and managers about the benefits and necessity of sustainability.

 Collaborate with external partners, such as governments and NGOs, to access resources
and regulatory support.

 Invest in long-term sustainability goals, balancing immediate financial concerns with

future returns.

 Encourage a culture of innovation and adaptability, helping the organization navigate and
integrate sustainable technologies.

Assessing both enablers and barriers allows organizations to develop effective strategies to
incorporate sustainability into their business models. Let me know if you'd like to dive deeper
into any specific area or need further insights for your research!

41
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44
 APPENDIX A: QUESTIONNAIRES AND INTERVIEW
MARYLAN INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF
GRADUATE STUDIES
Title of the thesis: Barriers for Adaptation Of Sustainable Business Practices In Ethio Telecom.

Name: Ayal Girma Shiferaw, human resource administration at ethio telecom East Addis Ababa
zone.
This is a survey questionnaire intended to perform academic research on scope and practice and
perception of Barriers for adaptation of sustainable business practices in Ethio telecom. It is a
requirement for the partial fulfillment of the degree ‘master’s in business administration at
Maryland International College.

Your honest response is valuable for the researcher. The researcher does assure that the
information given by you will be kept confidential and will be used only for the academic
purpose.

SECTION A: GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Sex: Male Female

2. Age: 20 – 30 31 – 40 41 – 50 Above -50
3. Level of Education: Diploma Masters
st
1 Degree PHD
4. Which department/section do you belong to?
Marketing
45
 Supply chain
Sales
5. Year of experience in business practice and related activities
1 – 5 years 6 – 10 years 11 – 15 years Above -15
SECTION B: Respondent knowledge about sustainable business practices
6. Do you have specific training in sustainable business practices? Yes No.
7. DO you have knowledge of what sustainable business practices is? Yes No

Current Business practices in considering the sustainability business practice aspects

Indicate your level of extent with the following statements. (very high extent = 5; high=4; Moderate=3;
low=2; very low extent=1)

Lists of Questions
5 4 3 2 1
Environmental aspects
8 There are Significant improvement in its compliance to environmental standards
There are Significant reduction in consumption/use of hazardous /harmful/toxic
9
materials.
The company Participates in Guiding suppliers to establish their own environmental
10
programs
social aspects
There are Significant improvement in relations with community stakeholders and
11
community activities
The company Improvement of promoting workforce welfare, ensuring workforce
12
equality and diversity
Improvement on encouraging a different base of suppliers as well as encouraging
13
local/domestic suppliers
Economic aspects
The company shows Significant improvement in Use of cleaner technology processes
14
to make savings (energy, water, wastes)
The company Improvement in promote whole life costing in order to takes
15
sustainability criteria into account rather than lowest price in all business activities.
There are Significant improvement of Business practice demand more transparent
16
through adapting E-business practice.

SECTION C: top management, supplier availability, policy and legal framework and skill and
financial capacity affecting sustainable business practices.
Indicate your degree of agreement with the following statements. (Strongly agree = 5; Agree=4;
Neutral=3; Disagree=2; strongly disagree=1)

Lists of Questions
5 4 3 2 1
Top management support
Top management is open to new ideas and initiatives for sustainable business practice
17
practices
The leadership has clearly stated the objectives we are trying to meet on sustainable
18
business practice

46
 Our sustainable business practice has improved the quality of services we offer to
19
customers
Top management use of whole life cycle analysis when making business practice
20
decisions
Implement better management practices in environment compliant improvement and
21
social commitment
Skill and financial capacity
22 Lack of expertise on environmental and socially responsible business practice
Lacking awareness among business practice practitioners on sustainable business
23
practice
24 Time pressure of business practice professionals to adapt sustainable business practice
Financial incentives offered by international organizations, such as the United Nations,
25 are significant motivators for organization to adopt sustainable business practice
initiatives.
Financial incentives offered by the Ethiopian Government, such as grants and tax
26 reductions, are significant motivators for organization to adopt sustainable business
practice initiatives
Significant improvement of the effectiveness of sustainable business practice
27
performance through sustainable business practices
Available of supplier for sustainable business practice
28 Lack of required Product availability with sustainable option.
29 Very high cost of sustainable alternatives to be offered from the suppliers.
Organizations Fear of restricted supplier competition while considering sustainable
30
options.
31 Lack of capacity of local suppliers to invest in sustainable technologies
Do your organization often Visit supplier premises and analysis their sustainable
32
capacity
Do your organization Urging/pressuring suppliers to take environmental actions and
33
apply sustainable option.
Policy and legal framework
Absence of policy guidance to support in promoting sustainability issue in business
34
practice
35 Absence of political commitment in promoting sustainability on business practices.
36 Lack of long-term view towards sustainable development or business practice.
There are frequent government inspections or audits on organization to ensure that the
37
organization follows environmental laws and regulations
There are many environmental regulations or restrictions imposed by the government
38
on the organization
Availability of operational procedure for managing or treating solid and water waste,
39
including hazardous and non-hazardous waste
Existence of Business practice guidelines and policies embrace sustainability in your
40
organization

Here are some open-ended questions you can consider for your assessment
on the barriers to the adoption of sustainable business practices:

47
1. What do you believe are the primary challenges your organization faces in implementing
sustainable business practices?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….
2. How do existing organizational policies and culture influence the adoption of sustainable
practices?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
3. Can you describe any specific instances where attempts to implement sustainable
practices were met with resistance? What were the reasons?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………..
4. How do you perceive the role of leadership in driving or hindering the adoption of
sustainable business practices?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………..
5. In what ways does the current financial structure or budget allocation impact your
organization's ability to adopt sustainable practices?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………..
6. What external factors (e.g., regulations, market conditions, consumer expectations) are
influencing your organization's approach to sustainability?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………..
7. How does your organization balance the short-term costs and long-term benefits
associated with sustainable practices?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..
8. What support or resources do you believe are necessary for your organization to
overcome the barriers to adopting sustainable business practices?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………….
9. How does the organization measure the success or failure of sustainable business
initiatives?

48
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..
10. What role does employee engagement and awareness play in the adoption of sustainable
practices in your organization?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

Thank you very much for your valuable cooperation!!

49