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Plants of Deep South Texas A Field Guide To The Woody Flowering Species 1st Ed (Online-Ausg.) Edition King Updated 2025

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Plants of Deep South Texas A Field Guide To The Woody Flowering Species 1st Ed (Online-Ausg.) Edition King Updated 2025

Scholarly document: Plants of deep south Texas a field guide to the woody flowering species 1st ed (Online-ausg.) Edition King Instant availability. Combines theoretical knowledge and applied understanding in a well-organized educational format.

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Plants of deep south Texas a field guide to the woody
flowering species 1st ed (Online-ausg.) Edition King
Digital Instant Download
Author(s): King, Ken;Richardson, Alfred
ISBN(s): 9781603446808, 160344680X
Edition: 1st ed (Online-ausg.)
File Details: PDF, 48.88 MB
Year: 2010
Language: english
Plants of
Deep South Texas

Perspectives on South Texas


Sponsored by Texas A&M University–Kingsville
Timothy E. Fulbright, General Editor
B

D
Plants
of Deep
South
Texas
A Field Guide
to the Woody
& Flowering Species

Alfred Richardson
& Ken King

Tex as A&M University Press


College Station
iv

Copyright © 2010
by Alfred Richardson and Ken King
Manufactured in China
by Everbest Printing Co.
through FCI Print Group
All rights reserved
First edition

This paper meets the requirements of


ANSI/NISO Z39.48–1992
(Permanence of Paper).
Binding materials have been chosen
for durability.

Library of Congress E
Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Richardson, Alfred, 1930– A. Berlandier’s fiddlewood, Citharexylum berlandieri, on a


clay dune or loma near the coast. In times of drought, the
Plants of deep south Texas : a field guide
leaves turn yellow to orange in color.
to the woody and flowering species / Alfred B. Golden wave, Coreopsis tinctoria, and Dakota vervain,
Richardson and Ken King.—1st ed. Glandularia bipinnatifida, in a fallow field, Cameron County.
C. Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides, in the Rio Grande
p. cm.—(Perspectives on south Texas) floodplain, Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge.
Includes bibliographical references and index. D. Yellow lotus, Nelumbo lutea, in a wetland.
E. Gulf cordgrass, sacahuista, or needle grass, Spartina spar-
ISBN-13: 978–1-60344–144–5
tinae, occurs in almost pure stands in saline soils at or near
(pb-flexibound : alk. paper) the coast.
ISBN-10: 1–60344–144–1 F. A field of Texas bluebonnet, Lupinus texensis, Willacy
County.
(pb-flexibound : alk. paper) G. Square bud primrose, Calylophus serrulatus, and southern
1. Plants—Texas—Lower Rio Grande Valley— Indian blanket, Gaillardia pulchella, at the coast.
H. Sabal Palm Audubon Sanctuary, preserving one of the few
Identification. I. King, Ken, 1960– II. Title.
remaining stands of Sabal mexicana near the Rio Grande.
III. Series: Perspectives on south Texas. I. Laguna Madre, with black mangrove, Avicennia germinans,
QK188.R528 2010 in the foreground. The vertical “dead sticks” in front of the
mangroves are pneumatophores that arise from the roots.
581.9764—dc22
2010005066
D edicated to

Christina Mild & Mike Heep

F
G
Contents

Acknowledgments ix

Map of the Lower Rio Grande Valley xii

Introduction 1

Plant Species Accounts 9

Algae 11

Ferns 12

Gymnosperms 14

Monocots 16

Dicots 48

Appendix: Butterflies and Moths 429

Glossary 431

Bibliography 435

Index 439
H
Acknowledgments

This book is the result of the generosity, coop- Tom Patterson was especially helpful in
eration, and encouragement of a large number guiding us and sharing with us his knowledge
of people. Identification of difficult species was of plants on Padre Island and in Starr County.
provided by Dr. Tom Wendt, Dr. Paul Fryxell, He also made many valuable suggestions re-
Ann Vacek, Dr. Billie Turner, Dr. David Austin, garding the manuscript. Mike Heep was help-
Dr. David Rosen, Dr. Robert Lonard, Dr. William ful and generous with information regarding
Ocumpaugh, and Dr. Andrew McDonald. locations of various plants and also in allowing
In order to photograph many species, it was us to photograph plants at his nursery in Har-
necessary to enter a number of private ranches lingen. John Pemelton and Lindley Lentz gave
in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Fidencio Guerra us locations of important rare plants. Christina
(Guerra Ranch), Hardin Gwin (Gwin Ranch), Mild was enthusiastic in reporting new plants
Karen and Dr. Philip Hunke (Tecolote Ranch), she had found, sometimes guiding us to the
John and Audrey Martin (The Hills), James localities. Ann Vacek generously shared with
and Georgiana Matz (Matz property), Lowry us her knowledge of the local plants. Martin
and Jessica McAllen (Las Colmenas Ranch), Hagne guided us to the localities of several
Raquel and Carlos Olivo (La Sagunada Ranch), species. James Everitt gave us localities for
Betty Perez and Susan Thompson (Perez Ranch), several species. J. Rodney Sullivan was gener-
Benito and Toni Treviño (Treviño Ranch), Santa ous with advice and aid when the computer
Margarita Ranch, Armando Vela, Chris Watten- became stubborn and refused to cooperate.
pool, and Kate Cervone and were all generous Members of the local Audubon societies,
in allowing us to enter their ­properties. especially Master Naturalists Diane Ballesteros
Photographs were taken, with permis- and Frank Wiseman, were encouraging and
sion, at the Valley Nature Center and Frontera helpful in pointing out plants for which photo-
Audubon Thicket in Weslaco, Laguna Atascosa graphs were needed. Rick and Patricia Choate
National Wildlife Refuge, Quinta Mazatlán were generous in calling a species to our atten-
in McAllen, the North American Butterfly As- tion and allowing us to photograph it at their
sociation (NABA) Butterfly Park in Mission, residence. Katie and Violet Springman gener-
the Edinburg Scenic Wetlands, and Sabal Palm ously allowed us to photograph plants at their
Audubon Sanctuary at Brownsville. Lisa residence.
Williams, at that time director of the Tamauli- The reviewers made suggestions that greatly
pan Thornscrub Project of the Nature Conser- improved the manuscript. Christina Mild, John
vancy of Texas, gave us access and guided us Pemelton, and Ann Vacek read it and offered
through Las Estrellas Preserve. Ellie Thompson many valuable suggestions. Special thanks go
guided us through various parts of the Laguna to John Pemelton, who prepared the map of
Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge. Chris Hath- the Lower Rio Grande Valley.
cock gave us access and led us through Resaca
de la Palma State Park.
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Communication - Field Notes
Winter 2021 - University

Prepared by: Assistant Prof. Williams


Date: August 12, 2025

Methodology 1: Practical applications and examples


Learning Objective 1: Historical development and evolution
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 2: Literature review and discussion
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 2: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 3: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 4: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 5: Research findings and conclusions
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Current trends and future directions
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 6: Historical development and evolution
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 7: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Ethical considerations and implications
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Current trends and future directions
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Appendix 2: Practical applications and examples
Key Concept: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 11: Key terms and definitions
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 13: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 13: Case studies and real-world applications
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 15: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Study tips and learning strategies
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Best practices and recommendations
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Study tips and learning strategies
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Historical development and evolution
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Practical applications and examples
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Summary 3: Case studies and real-world applications
Example 20: Current trends and future directions
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Practical applications and examples
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 24: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Practical applications and examples
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 25: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Historical development and evolution
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 28: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 28: Study tips and learning strategies
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 29: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 30: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Exercise 4: Statistical analysis and interpretation
Remember: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Practical applications and examples
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 35: Key terms and definitions
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 36: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Study tips and learning strategies
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Experimental procedures and results
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Topic 5: Practical applications and examples
Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Study tips and learning strategies
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Study tips and learning strategies
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Study tips and learning strategies
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 48: Research findings and conclusions
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 49: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
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