IMY 220 Lecture 21
MongoDB
The previous lecture introduced MongoDB and Atlas and focused on
retrieving data (the R in CRUD)
Next we will look at creating, updating, and deleting data…
…as well as using MongoDB inside NodeJS
Adding new data
The most basic command for adding a new document in MongoDB is as
follows:
db.<collection>.insertOne(document)
Adding new data
E.g. we can add a new document to our “users” collection as follows
db.users.insertOne({
"id":12345678,
"name":"Test",
"surname":"User"
})
(~MySQL: INSERT INTO users () VALUES (<document>))
Adding new data
Similar to adding new documents on Atlas, we can omit the _id key for
Mongo to automatically generate one
Attempting to add new documents that have the same _id value as an
existing document will cause an insert error and will not insert the new
document
Adding new data
We can also add multiple documents at the same time as follows:
db.<collection>.insertMany([document1, document2,…])
Adding new data
NB: it is important to note that MongoDB does not enforce a document
structure upon insert
You could, theoretically insert a new document with any sets of keys and
values and it will be inserted (as long as it does not contain an existing
_id)
Updating data
Similar to inserting data, we have two MQL statements for updating either
one document or multiple documents. The syntax for updating a single
document is:
db.<collection>.updateOne(filter, update)
filter refers to the data we want to match (similar to the query parameter for find)
update refers to the modifications we want to make
Updating data
E.g. to change the id of the user we added earlier
db.users.updateOne(
{"id":12345678},
{"$set":{"id":23456789}}
)
(~MySQL: UPDATE users SET id=23456789 WHERE id=12345678)
Updating data
In the previous example we used $set which is an update operator
MongoDB has many update operators for making updates, e.g. we can
increase the age of a user with 1 as follows
db.users.updateOne(
{"id":49671845},
{"$inc":{"age":1}}
)
Updating data
Read up on more update operators here:
https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update/
Updating data
Unlike the insertOne and insertMany statements, the general syntax for
updateOne and updateMany are the same
The difference is that updateOne will match the first document according
to the filter and only update said document…
…whereas updateMany will update all documents that match the filter
Updating data
NB: updating a non-existent field with $set will not cause an error
Instead, it will add the field and given value, e.g.
db.users.updateOne(
{"id":23456789},
{"$set":{"email":"
[email protected]"}}
)
After executing this statement, the matched document should have an
email field with the given value
Deleting data
Lastly, deleting documents from a collection follows a similar syntax than
update
db.<collection>.deleteOne(filter)
db.<collection>.deleteMany(filter)
filter refers to the data we want to match
Deleting data
Similar to updating data, deleteOne finds the first document that matches
the filter and deletes it…
…whereas deleteMany deletes all documents that match the filter
E.g., to delete our test user:
db.users.deleteMany({"id":23456789})
(~MySQL: DELETE FROM users WHERE id=12345678)
Deleting data
We can also delete entire collections with the drop statement
db.<collection>.drop()
NB: “Dropping collections in the admin database or the config database
can leave your cluster in an unusable state.”
https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.drop/#behavior
Using with NodeJS
We can use NodeJS to connect to our database and make calls, similar to
using the shell commands
For this example, we will assume that we already have a basic setup that
serves a page with Node, Express, and React (similar to what we would
have at the end of our Node+React lecture)
First step is to install mongo: npm install mongodb
Using with NodeJS
We then need to connect to our cluster. Log into Atlas, navigate to your
database, and click Connect and then Connect your application
Make sure DRIVER is set to Node.js and VERSION to 4.0 or later
For this example we will only use grab the basic details, so make sure
that “Include full driver code example” is unchecked
Using with NodeJS
You should see a line that looks something like this:
mongodb+srv://username:<password>@demo.xxxxx.mongodb.net
/?retryWrites=true&w=majority
Where username is your username and xxxxx is your unique connection
string.
Note that you will need to replace <password> with your password (refer
to the previous lecture).
Using with NodeJS
Next we need to use our connection string to connect to the cluster as
follows inside index.js:
const {MongoClient} = require("mongodb");
const uri =
"mongodb+srv://username:
[email protected]/DBExample?ret
ryWrites=true&w=majority";
const client = new MongoClient(uri);
Using with NodeJS
We also need to install a package called regenerator-runtime, which helps
with transpiling async functions
npm install --save-dev regenerator-runtime
We also need to include the following in our index.js file
import "regenerator-runtime/runtime";
Using with NodeJS
So far your index.js should look something like this:
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const http = require('http').Server(app);
const {MongoClient} = require("mongodb");
const uri =
"mongodb+srv://diffie:
[email protected]/DBExample?retry
Writes=true&w=majority";
const client = new MongoClient(uri);
import "regenerator-runtime/runtime";
Using with NodeJS
Next, we want to be able to query our database
We will do this whenever a user connects to our server
http.listen(3000, async () => {
// query will go here
console.log('listening on *:3000');
});
Using with NodeJS
Next, we want to be able to query our database
We will do this whenever a user connects to our server
http.listen(3000, async () => {
// query will go here
console.log('listening on *:3000');
});
Using with NodeJS
We will define a function that runs a find query and returns the result
Since the query will happen asynchronously, we will define it as an async
function containing a try…finally block
async function runFindQuery(collection, query, options) {
try {
// query code comes here
} finally {
await client.close();
}
}
Using with NodeJS
First, we need to ensure that we have a connection to the database
await client.connect();
Then we define our database and collection to query from
const database = client.db('DBExample');
const col = database.collection(collection);
Using with NodeJS
Next, we use what is called a cursor to retrieve data
“Because a query can potentially match very large sets of documents,
these operations rely upon an object called a cursor. A cursor fetches
documents in batches to reduce both memory consumption and network
bandwidth usage. Cursors are highly configurable and offer multiple
interaction paradigms for different use cases.”
https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/node/current/fundamentals/crud/read-operations/cursor/#std-label-cursor-methods
Using with NodeJS
We will approach this simply by using the cursor to retrieve the results
from a single find query…
const cursor = col.find(query, options);
…and returning the results as an array
return await cursor.toArray();
Using with NodeJS
async function runFindQuery(collection, query, options) {
asd
try {
await client.connect();
const database = client.db('DBExample');
const col = database.collection(collection);
const cursor = col.find(query, options);
return await cursor.toArray();
} finally {
await client.close();
}
}
Using with NodeJS
Now we can execute our query whenever a user connects to our server
http.listen(3000, async () => {
let results = await runFindQuery("collection",
{"position":"student"},
{"projection":{"name":1}}
);
// do something with results
console.log('listening on *:3000');
});
That’s it!
Good luck with
the semester
test, project, and
exam
References
https://university.mongodb.com/
https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.inse
rtOne/
https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update/
https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.upd
ateOne/
https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.dele
teOne/
https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/method/db.collection.dele
teMany/
References
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63001989/referenceerror-cant-find-
variable-regeneratorruntime-on-react
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65378542/what-is-regenerator-
runtime-npm-package-used-for
https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/node/current/quick-start/
https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/node/current/usage-
examples/find/
https://www.mongodb.com/docs/drivers/node/current/fundamentals/cr
ud/read-operations/cursor/#std-label-cursor-methods
