SUNRISE CHECHECHE ACADEMY

ZHOX EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

MID YEAR EXAMS
UPPER 6TH 2025
CHEMISTRY PAPER 3
TIME: 2HRS 30 MINUTES
 Section A

Answer two questions from this section

1 (a) (i) Explain the trend in boiling points of noble gases with increase
in atomic number.

(ii) Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the bonding in SO32-

(iii) State the shape of SO32-

[3]
(b) Explain the following observations:
(i) The boiling point of water is higher than that of hydrogen
sulphide

(ii) Graphite is used as a high temperature lubricant

(iii) CO2 is a gas at room temperature but SiO2 is a solid at

room temperature [6]

(c) A current of 0.200Ais passed through a molten nitrate, M(NO3)n for

3hours. The metal, M, has a relative atomic mass of 27.
Calculate the charge of the ions of M, if 0.201g of M were deposited on the
cathode. [3]
(d) With the aid of a well labelled diagram, describe the production of
sodium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen using a diaphragm cell.[3]

2 The equation shows a dynamic equilibrium at r.t.p.

N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)

(a) (i) Define the term dynamic equilibrium.

(ii) Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kc given that 50% of N2O4
had dissociated at equilibrium. ' [4]
(b) (i) Explain why a catalyst does not affect the position of
equilibrium. [1]

(ii) State, giving reasons, how an increase in temperature would

affect

1. Equilibrium composition,
2. Kc value. [5]
 (c) Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction, ΔHθr, given that
ΔHθf (N2O4) =+9.70kJmol- and ΔHθf (NO2) = +33.9kJmol-. [2]
(c)
(d) Describe the methods used to study the kinetics of the reaction between
sodium thiosulphate and dilute HCl [3]
[Total: 15]

3 (a) (i) Define the term solubility product.

(ii) State the limitation of the use of solubility product.

[2]

(b) (i) Derive an expression for the solubility product of Mg3(PO4)2

(ii) Given that the solubility of Mg3(PO4)2 = 1,0 ×10-2 moldm-3 calculate
the solubility

1. product of Mg3(PO4)2

2. of Mg3(PO4)2 in 0.1 moldm-3 Na3PO4

3. of Mg3(PO4 )2 in 0.1 moldm-3 MgSO4

[5]

(c) (i) The enthalpies of formation, ΔHθf, of CH4(g), H2O(g) and CO(g) at
298K are -75kJmol-, -242kJmol- and -110kJmol-
respectively,

Calculate the ΔHθr for the reaction

CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g)

(ii) Describe the effect of increasing

1. temperature and

2. Pressure on the reaction in (i).

(iii) Suggest one use of any of the products of the reaction in (i).

(iv) Describe how a fuel cell using methane in KOH(aq) operates with the aid if a well

labelled diagram [8]

[Total:15]
 Section B

Answer one question from this section.

4 (a) State the structure and bonding in carbon and lead. [2]
(b) Compare and contrast the

(i) Structure and bonding of CO2 and PbO2

(ii) relative stability of the lower and higher oxidation states of carbon
and lead,
(iii) thermal stability of the tetrachlorides of carbon and lead,

(iv) hydrolysis of the tetrachlorides of carbon and lead.

[8]
(c) Sn and Pb show the inert pair effect. Explain the inert pair effect [2]

(d) Using Eθ values, explain the trend in the oxidizing ability of halogens [3]

[Total :15]

5 (a) State, with a reason, the

(i) most electronegative halogen,

(ii) halogen that is most likely to have a positive oxidation state.

[4]

(b) Write equations to show how each of the following substances react with
concentrated sulphuric acid:
(i) Sodium fluoride,

(ii) Sodium iodide

[3]
(c) Describe the observations made when
(i) Potassium permanganate crystals are mixed with
concentrated hydrochloric acid,
(ii) aqueous bromine is mixed with an excess of potassium iodide
and aqueous sodium thiosulphate.
(iii) When KI(aq) is added to aqueous copper(ii)sulphate [8]

[Total:15]
 Section C

Answer two questions from this section.

6 Fig.6.1 shows the structural formula of an organic compound.

Fig.6.1
(a) Name any two functional groups present in the compound. [2]

(b) Give the structure of the organic product formed when the
compound is reacted with

(i) Br2 in an inert solvent

(ii) Hot concentrated KMnO4

(iii) Na solid,

(iv) CH3COCl

(v) Benzenediazonium salt. [5]

(c) State the observations made in each of the reactions in (b).

[5]

(d) Describe the mechanism of the reaction between

benzene and bromine [3]
[Total:15]
 7 (a) (i) Define the term nucleophilic substitution.

(ii) State the properties of halogenoalkanes which makes them

undergo nucleophilic substitution.
[2]
(b) State the reagent(s) and conditions for the conversion of l-bromopropane
to

(i) propene,

(ii) butane nitrile.

[4]
(c) Fig.7.1 shows a reaction scheme for the conversion of an organic
compound A, C4H10O to organic compounds C and D.
Reflux
In K2Cr2O7
C4H10O carboxylic
acid

Heat/170°C
Catalyst

H2O(g)
H3PO4
C

Fig.7.1

Deduce the structural formulae of A,B and C, given that A and C are
isomers and C is resistant to oxidation. [3]
* (d) Name the type of reaction occurring in the conversion of

(i) A to D,

(ii) A to B
(iii) B to C [3]

(iv) Describe the conversion of benzene to phenyl

amine in two steps [3] [Total:15]
 7

8 (a) Compare and contrast the reactions of pentanol and phenol with each of
The following reagents:
(i) NaOH
(ii) Na2CO3

(iv) Ethanoic acid

[7]

(b) Explain why

(i) Methylbenzene is more readily nitrated than benzene,

(ii) Nitrobenzene is less readily nitrated than benzene.

[2)

(c) State and explain the differences in the acidities of ethanol and phenol. [3]
(d) Explain why phenol burns with a white smoke and state one use of phenol [3]
[Total:15]

Section D
Answer one question from this section

9 (a) A large number of organic compounds are soluble in both water and non-aqueous solvents
such as hexane. If such a compound is shaken with a mixture of water and the non-aqueous
solvent, it will dissolve in both solvents depending on the solubility in each.
When 100 cm3 of an aqueous solution containing 0.50 g of an organic compound
X was shaken with 20 cm3 of hexane, it was found that 0.40 g of X was extracted
into the hexane. Calculate the partition coefficient of X between hexane and water
[3]
(b) A certain quantity of iodine was shaken with a mixture of water and trichloromethane
in a separating funnel. The apparatus was left undisturbed for a few minutes to allow equilibrium
to be achieved. When the two solutions had settled into two distinct layers, they were separated
by opening the tap of the funnel. The quantities of iodine in each of the solvents was then
determined by titrating with 0, 02 moldm-3 sodium thiosulphate.
(i) Construct a balanced equation for the reaction between iodine and thiosulphate ions. [2]
(ii) What could have been used as an indicator in this titration? [1]
5.00cm3 of the trichloromethane required 7.70cm3 of the sodium thiosulphate
solution whereas 12.50cm3 of the aqueous layer required 20.00cm3 of the sodium
thiosulphate solution. [2]
(c) Calculate the concentration of iodine that was present at equilibrium in
(i) the organic layer

(ii) the aqueous layer [3]

Hence calculate the value of the partition co-efficient for iodine in water and
trichloromethane. [1]
(d) Assess the suitability of trichloromethane as a solvent in this extraction. [3]

10. (a) Describe what you would see, and explain what happens, when dilute aqueous ammonia is added
to a solution containing Cu2+ ions, until the ammonia is in an excess. [3]
(b) Copper powder dissolves in an acidified solution of sodium vanadate (V), NaVO3,
to produce a blue solution containing VO2+ and Cu2+ ions. By using suitable half-equations from the Data Booklet,
construct a balanced equation for this reaction. [3]
(c) Explain the following observations using relevant Eθ values from the Data Booklet, and ideas
of the relative stabilities of complexes in the presence of different ligands.
(i) Solutions containing Fe2+ (aq) slowly oxidize to Fe3+ (aq) in air. [2]
(ii) The precipitate formed when aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to a solution containing
Fe2+ (aq) rapidly turns brown in air. [2]
(d) A 6.95 g sample of FeSO4.7H2O was dissolved in water and the volume of solution made up to
250 cm3. The solution was stored in an open container for some time and suffered partial
oxidation. On titration of a 25.0 cm3 portion of the partially oxidized solution with 0.020
moldm-3 KMnO4, it was found that 20.5 cm3 of oxidant were required to reach the endpoint.
Calculate the percentage of Fe2+ ions that had been oxidized. [3]
(e) Iron metal and its compounds are useful catalysts in certain reactions.
(i) Apart from its catalytic activity, state two properties of iron or its compounds that shows
that it is a transition element. [1]
(ii) You are provided with a solution of KMnO4 of known concentration in a burette. Outline how
you could use this solution to find out the concentration of Fe2+ (aq) in a solution. You should
include relevant equations for any reactions you describe. [1]
[Total: 15]