24년 3월 고2모고 변형문제

now seems within our reach. It is much the same

STAGE 1 어법 story in medicine. Two decades ago, we were still
taping bricks to accelerators. Today, we are
1. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -
approaching the point ④ which we can begin to
(감)[19]
bring some appropriate technology to bear in ways
Sarah, a young artist with a love for painting, ①
that advance our understanding of patients as
entered a local art contest. As she looked at the
unique individuals. In fact, many patients are already
amazing artworks made by others, her confidence
wearing devices ⑤ which monitor their conditions in
dropped. She ② quietly thought, ‘I might not win an
real time, which allows doctors to talk to their
award.’ The moment of judgment arrived, and the
patients in a specific, refined, and feedback­-driven
judges began announcing winners one by one. It
way that was not even possible a decade ago.
wasn’t until the end ③ what she heard her name. The
* strap: 끈으로 묶다 ** autonomously: 자율적으로
head of the judges said, “Congratulations, Sarah
Parker! You won first prize. We loved the uniqueness 정답 : ④ 완전한 문장을 이끌고 the point를 수식하고 있으므로, 관계
부사 where로 고쳐야 한다.
of your work.” Sarah was overcome with joy, and she
couldn’t stop ④ smiling. This experience meant 4. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -
more than just winning; it ⑤ confirmed her identity (감)[22]
as an artist. We tend to overrate the impact of new technologies
정답 : ③ it was ~ that 강조구문의 형태이므로 ③을 that으로 고쳐야 in part ① because older technologies have
한다.
become absorbed into the furniture of our lives, so
as to be almost invisible. Take the baby bottle. Here
2. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중어법이 틀린 것은? -(기,G,
② is a simple implement that has transformed a
감,하)[19]
fundamental human experience for vast numbers of
Sarah, a young artist with a love for ① painting,
infants and mothers, yet it finds no place in our
entered a local art contest. As she looked at the ②
histories of technology. This technology might be ③
incredible artworks made by others, her confidence
thought of a classic time-shifting device, as it
dropped. She quietly thought, ‘I might not win an
enables mothers to exercise more control over the
award.’ The moment of judgment arrived, and the
timing of feeding. It can also function to save time,
judges began ③ to announce winners one by one. It
as bottle feeding allows for someone else ④ to
wasn’t until the end ④ which she heard her name.
substitute for the mother’s time. Potentially, therefore,
The head of the judges said, “Congratulations, Sarah
it has huge implications for the management of time
Parker! You won first prize. We loved the uniqueness
in everyday life, yet it is entirely overlooked in ⑤
of your work.” Sarah was overcome with joy, and she
discussions of high-speed society.
couldn’t stop smiling. The experience meant more
than just ⑤ winning; it confirmed her identity as an 정답 : ③ <think of A as B : A를 B로 간주하다>를 수동태로 만든 문
장이므로, ③ thought of를 thought of as로 고쳐야 한다.
artist.
정답 : ④ 강조구문이고, 강조받는 부분이 부사구 'until the end'이므 5. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -
로, 관계대명사 that으로 고쳐야 한다.
(감)[23]
Empathy is frequently listed as one of the most
3. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -(기,
desired ① skills in an employer or employee,
감)[21]
although without specifying exactly what is meant
If you had wanted to create a “self-­driving” car in
by empathy. Some businesses stress cognitive
the 1950s, your best option might have been to
empathy, ② emphasizing the need for leaders to
strap a brick to the accelerator. Yes, the vehicle
understand the perspective of employees
would have been able to move forward on ①
and customers when negotiating deals and making
its own, but it could not slow down, stop, or turn
decisions. Others stress affective empathy and
to avoid barriers. Obviously not ideal. But does that
empathic concern, emphasizing the ability of leaders
mean the entire concept of the self-­driving car is
to gain trust from employees and customers by
not worth ② pursuing? No, it only means that at the
treating ③ themselves with real concern and
time we did not yet have the tools we now possess
compassion. When some consultants argue
to help enable vehicles ③ to operate both
that successful companies foster empathy, what that
autonomously and safely. This once­-distant dream

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translates to ④ is that companies should conduct design of a wind tunnel at California Institute of
good market research. In other words, an “empathic” Technology (Caltech). He became the director of the
company understands the needs and wants of its Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at Caltech in
customers and seeks to fulfill those needs and wants. 1930. Later, he ⑤ awarded the National Medal of
When some people speak of design with empathy, Science for his leadership in science and engineering.
what that translates to is ⑤ that companies 정답 : ⑤ 주어 he와 동사 award의 관계가 수동이므로 ⑤를 was
should take into account the specific needs of awarded로 고쳐야 한다.

different populations — the blind, the deaf, the

elderly, non-­English speakers, the color­-blind, and 8. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -
so on — when designing products. (감)[29]
*empathy: 공감, 공감능력 **compassion 동정심 For years, many psychologists have held strongly to
the belief that ① the key to address negative health
정답 : ③ 재귀 대명사의 사용을 묻는 문제로 treat의 동작은 leaders
가 하는 것이며, treat의 대상은 employees and customers이다. 따라서 habits is to change behavior. This, more than values
주어와 목적어가 다르므로 themselves를 them으로 고쳐야 한다. and attitudes, is the part of personality that is
easiest to change. Ingestive habits such as smoking,
6. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -(감, drinking and various eating behaviors are the most
하)[24] common health ② concerns targeted for behavioral
The most prevalent problem kids report is that they changes. Process-­addiction behaviors (workaholism,
feel like they need to be accessible at all times. shopaholism, and the like) ③ fall into this category as
Because technology allows for it, they feel an well. Mental imagery combined with power of
obligation. It’s easy for most of us ① to relate — you suggestion was taken up as the premise of
probably feel the same pressure in your own life! It behavioral medicine ④ to help people
is really challenging to deal with the fact ② change negative health behaviors into positive ones.
that we’re human and can’t always respond ③ Although this technique alone will not produce
instantly. For a teen or tween who’s still learning changes, when used alongside other behavior
the ins and outs of social interactions, it’s even modification tactics and coping strategies, behavioral
worse. Here’s ④ how this behavior plays out changes have proved effective for some people.
sometimes: Your child texts one of his friends, and What mental imagery ⑤ does is reinforce a new
the friend doesn’t text back right away. Now it’s desired behavior. Repeated use of images reinforces
easy for your child to think, “This person doesn’t the desired behavior more strongly over time.
want to be my friend anymore!” So he texts again,
정답 : ① 전치사 뒤에서 동사는 동명사 형태가 되어야 하므로 ①
and again, and again — “blowing up their phone.” address → addressing으로 바뀌어야 한다.
This can be stress-­inducing and even read as
aggressive. But you can see how ⑤ easy this could
happen. 9. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -
* tween: (10 ~ 12세 사이의) 십대 초반의 아동 (감)[30]
정답 : ⑤ 간접의문문의 구조로 사용된 <how + 형용사/부사+ 주어 + Emotion socialization — learning from ①
동사>에서 뒷 부분이 완전한 절의 구조(this could happen)를 취하고 other people about emotions and how to deal with
있으므로, how 다음에 부사가 나와야 하므로 ⑤ easy를 easily로 고쳐
야 한다.
them — starts early in life and plays a foundational
role for emotion regulation development. ②
7. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? - Despite extra-­familial influences, such as peers or
(감)[26] media, gain in importance during adolescence,
Theodore von Kármán, a Hungarian-­American parents remain the primary socialization agents. For
engineer, was one of the greatest ① intellects of the example, their own responses to emotional situations
twentieth century. He was born in Hungary and at an serve as a role model for emotion regulation,
early age, he ② showed a talent for math and increasing the likelihood ③ that their children will
science. In 1908, he received a doctoral degree show similar reactions in comparable situations.
in engineering at the University of Göttingen in Parental practices at times when their children are
Germany. In the 1920s, he began ③ traveling as a faced with emotional challenges also impact emotion
lecturer and consultant to industry. He was invited to regulation development. Whereas direct soothing and
the United States ④ to advise engineers on the directive guidance of what to do are beneficial for

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younger children, they may intrude on adolescents’ the top twenty films at the national box office. This
autonomy ④ striving. In consequence, adolescents phenomenon corresponds with a broader,
might pull away from, rather than turn toward, their international embrace of ③ what is seemingly
parents in times of emotional crisis, unless parental children’s culture among audiences of diverse ages.
practices are adjusted. More suitable in adolescence The old prejudice that children’s film is some other
is indirect support of autonomous emotion realm, ④ separate from (and forever subordinate to)
regulation, such as through interest in, as well as a more legitimate cinema for adults ⑤ is not
awareness and nonjudgmental acceptance of, supported by the realities of consumption: children’s
adolescents’ emotional experiences, and ⑤ film is at the heart of contemporary popular culture.
being available when the adolescent wants to talk. * subordinate: 하위의
정답 : ② despite는 전치사이므로 명사가 와야하는데, 주어 정답 : ② the fact 이후로 완전한 절이 이어지고 있으므로 ②which를
(extra-­familial influences) 동사(gain)를 가진 절이 따르고 있으므로 동격을 나타내는 접속사 that으로 바꾸어야 한다.
although정도로 바꾸어야 한다.

12. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -

10. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? - (감)[33]
(기,감,하)[31] Beethoven’s drive to create something novel ① is a
Dancers often push ① themselves to the limits of reflection of his state of curiosity. Our brains
their physical capabilities. But that push is misguided experience a sense of reward when we create
if it is directed toward accomplishing something ② something new in the process of exploring
physically impossible. For instance, a tall dancer with something uncertain, such as a musical phrase ②
long feet may wish to perform repetitive vertical that we’ve never played or heard before. When our
jumps to fast music, pointing his feet while in the curiosity leads to something novel, the resulting
air and ③ lowering his heels to the floor between reward brings us a sense of pleasure. A number of
jumps. That may be impossible no matter how investigators ③ have modeled how curiosity influences
strong the dancer is. But a short-footed dancer may musical composition. In the case of Beethoven,
have no trouble! Another dancer may be struggling computer modeling focused on the thirty­-two piano
to complete a half-turn in the air. Understanding the sonatas written after age thirteen ④ revealing that
connection between a rapid turn rate and the the musical patterns found in all of Beethoven’s
alignment of the body close to the rotation axis ④ music decreased in later sonatas, while novel
tells her how to accomplish her turn successfully. In patterns, including patterns that were unique to a
both of these cases, understanding and working particular sonata, increased. In other words,
within the constraints imposed by nature and Beethoven’s music became less predictable over time
described by physical laws ⑤ allowing dancers to as his curiosity drove the exploration of new musical
work efficiently, minimizing potential risk of injury. ideas. Curiosity is a ⑤ powerful driver of human
정답 : ⑤ 주어진 문장에서 문장의 주어는 'understanding ~ by creativity.
physical laws'의 동명사구 이며, 밑줄 친 부분은 동사 자리이므로, ⑤
allowing은 'allows'로 고쳐야 한다. 정답 : ④ revealing → revealed: 주어 computer modeling의 동사 자
리이므로 과거 동사 revealed로 수정해야 한다.

11. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -

13. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -
(감)[32]
(감)[34]
We must explore the relationship between children’s
Technologists are always on the lookout for
film production and consumption habits. The term
quantifiable metrics. Measurable inputs to a model
“children’s film” implies ownership by children —
are their lifeblood, and like a social scientist, a
their cinema — but films supposedly ① made for
technologist needs to identify concrete measures, or
children have always been consumed by audiences of
“proxies,” for assessing progress. This need for
all ages, particularly in commercial cinemas. The
quantifiable proxies produces a bias toward
considerable crossover in audience composition for
measuring things ① that are easy to quantify. But
children’s films can be shown by the fact ② which, in
simple metrics can take us further away from the
2007, eleven Danish children’s and youth films
important goals we really care about, which may
attracted 59 percent of theatrical admissions, and in
require ② complicated metrics or be extremely
2014, German children’s films comprised seven out of
difficult, or perhaps impossible, to reduce to any

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measure. And when we have imperfect or bad embryo to adult exhibit random activities at the
proxies, we can easily fall under the illusion ③ cellular level, and body formation depends on the
which we are solving for a good end without new possibilities generated by these activities ②
actually making genuine progress toward a worthy coupled with selection of those outcomes that
solution. The problem of proxies results in satisfy previously built-­in criteria. Always new
technologists frequently ④ substituting what is structure is based on old structure, and at every
measurable for what is meaningful. As the saying stage selection favors some cells and ③
goes, “Not everything that ⑤ counts can be counted, eliminates others. The survivors serve to produce
and not everything that can be counted counts.” new cells that undergo further rounds of selection.
* metric: 측정 기준 Except in the immune system, cells and extensions of
정답 : ③ 앞의 명사(the illusion)과 동격을 이루는 명사절(we are ... a cells are not genetically selected during development,
worthy solution)을 이끌고 있고, 뒤에 완전한 절이 이어지므로 동격의 but rather, are positionally selected. Those in the
접속사 that이 오는 것은 적절하다.
right place that ④ makes the right connections are
stimulated, and those that don’t are eliminated. This
14. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으
process is much like sculpting. A natural
로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[35]
consequence of the strategy is great variability from
We are the only species that seasons its food,
individual to individual at the cell and molecular
deliberately altering it with the highly flavored plant
levels, ⑤ even though large-­scale structures are quite
parts (A) [we call them / we call] herbs and spices.
similar.
It’s quite possible that our taste for spices has an
evolutionary root. Many spices have antibacterial 정답 : ④ makes → make: 선행사가 place가 아니라 those이므로 복
수동사 make로 고쳐야 한다.
properties — in fact, common seasonings such as
garlic, onion, and oregano inhibit the growth of 16. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -
almost every (B) [bacterium / bacteria] tested. And (감)[37]
the cultures that make the heaviest use of spices — ① So as to bring the ever-increasing costs of home
think of the garlic and black pepper of Thai food, care for elderly and needy persons under control,
the ginger and coriander of India, the chili peppers managers of home care providers have introduced
of Mexico — come from warmer climates, (C) [where management systems. These systems specify tasks of
/ which] bacterial spoilage is a bigger issue. In home care workers and the time and budget
contrast, the most lightly spiced cuisines — those of available to perform these tasks. Electronic reporting
Scandinavia and northern Europe — are from cooler systems require home care workers to report on
climates. Our uniquely human attention to flavor, in their activities and the time spent, thus ② making the
this case the flavor of spices, turns out to have distribution of time and money visible and, in the
arisen as a matter of life and death. perception of managers, controllable. This, in the
① we call them - bacterium - which view of managers, ③ has contributed to the
② we call - bacterium - which resolution of the problem. The home care workers,
③ we call - bacteria - where on the other hand, may perceive their work not as a
④✔ we call - bacterium - where set of separate tasks to be performed as efficiently
⑤ we call them - bacteria - where as possible, but as a service to be provided to a
정답 : ④ (A) 'the highly flavored plant parts (which) we call herbs client ④ whom they may have developed a
and spices', 관계대명사 이하에는 불완전한 문장이 와야 한다. (B)
every + 단수 명사, 'bacteria'는 'bacterium'의 복수형이다. (C) 'bacterial relationship. This includes having conversations with
spoilage is a bigger issue'는 완전한 문장이므로, 관계부사 'where'가 clients and enquiring about the person’s well­-being.
와야 한다.
Restricted time and the requirement to report may
be perceived as obstacles that make it impossible to
15. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -
deliver the service that is needed. If the management
(감)[36]
systems are too rigid, this may result in home care
Development of the human body from a single cell
workers ⑤ becoming overloaded and demotivated.
provides many examples of the structural richness ①
정답 : ④ they may have developed a relationship with a client와
that is possible when the repeated production of
앞문장을 연결 한 관계사 절이므로, ④ whom을 with whom으로 바꾸
random variation is combined with nonrandom 어야 한다. [원문변형] ① In order to bring -> So as to bring
selection. All phases of body development from

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17. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? - sensible when they think just like us.
(감)[38] 정답 : ① despite(~에도 불구하고)는 전치사로 뒤에 명사(구) 형태로
It is a common assumption that most vagrant birds 와야 한다. 보기 이후에는 완전한 문장의 형태로 왔으므로 ② despite
를 접속사 though로 바꿔야 한다.
are ultimately doomed, aside from the rare cases
where individuals are able to reorientate and return
19. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -
to their normal ranges. In turn, it is also commonly
(감)[40]
assumed that vagrancy ① itself is a relatively
The fast­-growing, tremendous amount of data,
unimportant biological phenomenon. This is
collected and stored in large and numerous data
undoubtedly true for the majority of cases, as the
repositories, ① having far exceeded our human ability
most likely outcome of any given vagrancy event is
for understanding without powerful tools. As a result,
② that the individual will fail to find enough
data collected in large data repositories become
resources, and/or be exposed to inhospitable
“data tombs” — data archives ② that are hardly
environmental conditions, and perish. However, there
visited. Important decisions are often made based
are many lines of evidence ③ to suggest that
not on the information–rich data ③ stored in data
vagrancy can, on rare occasions, dramatically alter
repositories but rather on a decision maker’s instinct,
the fate of populations, species or even whole
simply because the decision maker does not have
ecosystems. Despite being infrequent, these events
the tools ④ to extract the valuable knowledge hidden
can be extremely important when ④ viewing at the
in the vast amounts of data. Efforts have been
timescales over which ecological and evolutionary
made ⑤ to develop expert system and
processes unfold. The most profound consequences
knowledge-­based technologies, which typically rely
of vagrancy relate to the establishment of new
on users or domain experts to manually input
breeding sites, new migration routes and wintering
knowledge into knowledge bases. However, this
locations. Each of these can occur through different
procedure is likely to cause biases and errors and is
mechanisms, and at different frequencies, and they ⑤
extremely costly and time consuming. The widening
each have their own unique importance.
gap between data and information calls for the
정답 : ④ 주절의 주어인 these events가 when절의 생략된 주어이고, systematic development of tools that can turn data
이러한 경우들(these events)이 생태학적이고 진화적인 과정이 진행되
는 시간의 관점에서 '보아질' 때 중요하다는 내용이 문맥상 적절하므로, tombs into “golden nuggets” of knowledge.
④ 현재분사 'viewing'을 수동의 의미를 가진 과거분사 'viewed'로 고쳐 * repository: 저장소 ** golden nugget: 금괴
야한다.
정답 : ① collected~repositories 까지가 중간에 삽입된 부연 설명으로,
주어인 The fast­-growing, tremendous amount of data의 동사가 필요
18. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? - 하기 때문에 ① having far exceeded를 has far exceeded로 고쳐야 한
(감,하)[39] 다.

Intuition can be great, but it ought to be

hard-­earned. Experts, for example, are able to think 20. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? -
on their feet because they’ve invested thousands of (감)[41-42]
hours in learning and practice: their intuition has It’s untrue that teens can focus on two things at
become data-driven. Only then are they able to act once — what they’re doing is shifting their attention
quickly in accordance with their internalized expertise from one task to ① another. In this digital age, teens
and evidence-­based experience. Yet most people are wire their brains to make these shifts very quickly,
not experts, ① despite they often think they are. but they are still, like everyone else, paying attention
Most of us, especially when we interact with others to one thing at a time, sequentially. Common sense
on social media, ② act with expert-­like speed and tells us multitasking should increase brain activity,
conviction, ③ offering a wide range of opinions on but Carnegie Mellon University scientists ② using the
global crises, without the substance of knowledge latest brain imaging technology find it doesn’t. As a
that supports it. And thanks to AI, which ensures ④ matter of fact, they discovered that multitasking
that our messages are delivered to an audience actually decreases brain activity. Neither task is done
more inclined to believing it, our delusions of as well as if each were performed individually.
expertise can be reinforced by our personal filter Fractions of a second ③ are lost every time we make
bubble. We have an interesting tendency ⑤ to a switch, and a person’s interrupted task can take 50
find people more open­-minded, rational, and percent longer to finish, with 50 percent more errors.
Turns out the latest brain research supports the old

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advice “one thing at a time.” It’s not that kids can’t

do some tasks ④ simultaneous. But if two tasks are
performed at once, one of them has to be familiar.
Our brains perform a familiar task on “automatic
pilot” while really paying attention to the other one.
That’s why insurance companies consider talking on
a cell phone and driving to be as dangerous as
driving while drunk — it’s the driving ⑤ that goes on
“automatic pilot” while the conversation really holds
our attention. Our kids may be living in the
Information Age but our brains have not been
redesigned yet.
정답 : ④ 동사를 수식하는 부사가 와야 하는 자리이므로,
simultaneous를 simultaneously로 고쳐야한다.

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⑤✔ Winning the contest was more important to her

STAGE 2 내용일치 than confirming her identity as an artist.
정답 : ⑤ 이 경험은 단순한 우승 이상의 의미를 지녔고 그녀에게 예
1. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감)[18] 술가로서의 정체성을 확인해 주었다고 하였으므로, ⑤ ‘그녀는 예술가
Dear Art Crafts People of Greenville, 로서의 정체성을 확인하는 것보다 콘테스트에서 우승하는 것이 더 중
For the annual Crafts Fair on May 25 from 1 p.m. to 요했다.’는 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.

6 p.m., the Greenville Community Center is providing

3. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감)[22]
booth spaces to rent as in previous years. To reserve
We tend to overrate the impact of new technologies
your space, please visit our website and complete a
in part because older technologies have become
registration form by April 20. The rental fee is $50.
absorbed into the furniture of our lives, so as to be
All the money we receive from rental fees goes to
almost invisible. Take the baby bottle. Here is a
support upcoming activities throughout the year. We
simple implement that has transformed a
expect all available spaces to be fully booked soon,
fundamental human experience for vast numbers of
so don’t get left out. We hope to see you at the
infants and mothers, yet it finds no place in our
fair.
histories of technology. This technology might be
① Greenville 커뮤니티 센터에서는 5월 25일 오후 1시
thought of as a classic time-shifting device, as it
부터 6시까지 연례 공예품 박람회가 열린다.
enables mothers to exercise more control over the
② Greenville 커뮤니티 센터는 이번 해에도 이전 몇 년
timing of feeding. It can also function to save time,
과 마찬가지로 부스 공간을 대여해 주고 있다.
as bottle feeding allows for someone else to
③ 부스 공간을 예약하려면 4월 20일까지 웹사이트를
substitute for the mother’s time. Potentially,
방문하여 신청서를 작성해야 한다.
therefore, it has huge implications for the
④✔ 부스 공간을 대여하는 요금은 50달러이며, 받은
management of time in everyday life, yet it is
모든 대여료는 나중에 반환될 예정이다.
entirely overlooked in discussions of high-speed
⑤ Greenville 커뮤니티 센터에서 제공하는 부스 공간은
society.
곧 모두 예약될 것으로 예상된다.
① We tend to overestimate new technologies' impact
정답 : ④ '부스 대여료로 받은 모든 돈은 연중 예정된 활동을 지원하
는 데 사용된다'라고 했으므로, ④이 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
as older ones blend seamlessly into our lives, almost
invisible.
2. 다음 글의 Sarah에 관한 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? ② The baby bottle's profound impact on a
-(감)[19] fundamental human experience is often overlooked
Sarah, a young artist with a love for painting, in our technological histories.
entered a local art contest. As she looked at the ③ The baby bottle serves as a classic time-shifting
amazing artworks made by others, her confidence device, empowering mothers to regulate feeding
dropped. She quietly thought, ‘I might not win an times.
award.’ The moment of judgment arrived, and the ④ The baby bottle can save time by enabling others
judges began announcing winners one by one. It to take over the mother's feeding responsibilities.
wasn’t until the end that she heard her name. The ⑤✔ The baby bottle's impact on daily time
head of the judges said, “Congratulations, Sarah management ensures its recognition in discussions of
Parker! You won first prize. We loved the uniqueness fast-paced society.
of your work.” Sarah was overcome with joy, and she 정답 : ⑤ '젖병은 빠른 속도의 사회적 논의에서는 완전히 간과되고 있
couldn’t stop smiling. This experience meant 다'라고 했으므로, ⑤ '일상적인 시간 관리에 미치는 젖병의 영향은 고
속 사회에 대한 토론에서 인정되고 있다'가 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는
more than just winning; it confirmed her identity as 다. <오답노트> ① 우리는 오래된 기술이 우리의 삶 속에 거의 보이지
an artist. 않게 녹아들면서 새로운 기술의 영향을 과대평가하는 경향이 있다. ②
유아와 어머니들에게 깊은 영향을 미치는 젖은 종종 우리의 기술 역사
① Sarah loved art and participated in a local art 에서 무시된다. ③ 젖병은 어머니들이 수유 시간을 조절할 수 있도록
competition. 힘을 주는 고전적인 시간 이동 장치 역할을 한다. ④ 젖병은 다른 사람
이 어머니의 수유 책임을 대신하도록 함으로써 시간을 절약할 수 있다.
② She became less confident as she admired others'
artworks.
4. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감)[23]
③ She was the last to hear her name called by the
Empathy is frequently listed as one of the most
judges.
desired skills in an employer or employee, although
④ She couldn't help but smile when she heard the
without specifying exactly what is meant by empathy.
news of her award.
Some businesses stress cognitive empathy,

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emphasizing the need for leaders to understand the he texts again, and again, and again — “blowing up
perspective of employees and customers when their phone.” This can be stress-­inducing and even
negotiating deals and making decisions. Others stress read as aggressive. But you can see how easily
affective empathy and empathic concern, emphasizing this could happen.
the ability of leaders to gain trust from employees * tween: (10 ~ 12세 사이의) 십대 초반의 아동
and customers by treating them with real ① The pressure to be constantly available is unique
concern and compassion. When some consultants to children and teenagers.
argue that successful companies foster empathy, what ② Technology isn't a cause of young people's sense
that translates to is that companies should conduct of obligation.
good market research. In other words, an “empathic” ③ Most children don't experience stress when the
company understands the needs and wants of its friend doesn't respond quickly.
customers and seeks to fulfill those needs and wants. ④✔ Kids often feel compelled to be accessible at all
When some people speak of design with empathy, times.
what that translates to is that companies should take ⑤ We often come under pressure from our parents
into account the specific needs of different to reply to them immediately.
populations — the blind, the deaf, the elderly, 정답 : ④ 아이들이 이야기하는 가장 일반적인 문제는 그들이 항상 연
non­-English speakers, the color-­blind, and so on — 락될 수 있어야 한다고 느낀다라고 언급하고 있으므로 ④ '아이들이 종
종 연결되어 있어야 한다고 느끼는 경우가 많다'가 글의 내용과 일치한
when designing products. 다. (오답노트: ① 어른들도 항상 연결되어 있어야 한다는 압박감을 느
*empathy: 공감, 공감능력 **compassion 동정심 낄 수 있음, ② 기술이 지속적인 연결을 가능하게 하고 의무감 형성에
기여함, ③ 친구가 즉시 응답하지 않을 때 아이가 스트레스를 느낌, ⑤
① Empathy is mentioned as one of the preferred 부모님으로부터의 압박에 대한 언급 없음.)
skills for both employers and employees.
② Companies that emphasize cognitive empathy 6. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(기,감,
want to understand the perspectives of employees 하)[26]
and customers when making decisions. Theodore von Kármán, a Hungarian-­American
③ Companies that emphasize emotional empathy engineer, was one of the greatest minds of the
value the ability of leaders to gain trust with twentieth century. He was born in Hungary and at an
genuine concern. early age, he showed a talent for math and science.
④ Some business consultants maintain that empathy In 1908, he received a doctoral degree
means trying to understand and meet market in engineering at the University of Göttingen in
demand. Germany. In the 1920s, he began traveling as a
⑤✔ In terms of design with empathy, empathy lecturer and consultant to industry. He was invited to
means meeting the general needs of average people. the United States to advise engineers on the design
정답 : ⑤ 공감을 담은 디자인은 특정한 사람들의 구체적인 필요를 고 of a wind tunnel at California Institute of Technology
려하는 것이라고 하였으므로, ⑤ '공감을 담은 디자인의 측면에서 공감
(Caltech). He became the director of the Guggenheim
은 평균적인 사람들의 일반적인 필요를 충족하는 것을 의미한다.'는 내
용과 일치하지 않는다. Aeronautical Laboratory at Caltech in 1930. Later, he
was awarded the National Medal of Science for
5. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은? -(감,하)[24] his leadership in science and engineering.
The most prevalent problem kids report is that they ①✔ 미국계 헝가리인이었다.
feel like they need to be accessible at all times. ② 공학 박 사학위를 받았다.
Because technology allows for it, they feel an ③ 칼텍 공대에서 조언을 했다.
obligation. It’s easy for most of us to relate — you ④ 1930년에 연구소 소장이 됐다.
probably feel the same pressure in your own life! It ⑤ 어릴 때 수학과 과학에 재능을 보였다.
is really challenging to deal with the fact that we’re 정답 : ① Theodore von Kármán은 헝가리계 미국인 공학자라고 하였
human and can’t always respond instantly. For a teen 으므로, ① '미국계 헝가리인이었다'는 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.

or tween who’s still learning the ins and outs

of social interactions, it’s even worse. Here’s how this 7. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감)[30]
behavior plays out sometimes: Your child texts one Emotion socialization — learning from other people
of his friends, and the friend doesn’t text back right about emotions and how to deal with them — starts
away. Now it’s easy for your child to think, “This early in life and plays a foundational role for
person doesn’t want to be my friend anymore!” So emotion regulation development. Although

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extra-­familial influences, such as peers or media, dancer may be struggling to complete a half-turn in
gain in importance during adolescence, parents the air. Understanding the connection between a
remain the primary socialization agents. For example, rapid turn rate and the alignment of the body close
their own responses to emotional situations serve as to the rotation axis tells her how to accomplish her
a role model for emotion regulation, increasing the turn successfully. In both of these cases,
likelihood that their children will show similar understanding and working within the constraints
reactions in comparable situations. Parental practices imposed by nature and described by physical laws
at times when their children are faced with allows dancers to work efficiently, minimizing
emotional challenges also impact emotion regulation potential risk of injury.
development. Whereas direct soothing and directive *alignment: 정렬 **rotation axis: 회전축
guidance of what to do are beneficial for younger ① 무용수들은 자신의 신체적 능력의 한계까지 스스로
children, they may intrude on adolescents’ autonomy 를 밀어붙이는 경우가 있다.
striving. In consequence, adolescents might pull away ②✔ 신체 능력의 한계로 자신을 밀어붙이는 것은 물리
from, rather than turn toward, their parents in times 적으로 가능한 일이다.
of emotional crisis, unless parental practices are ③ 키가 크고 발이 긴 무용수는 빠른 음악에 맞춘 반복
adjusted. More suitable in adolescence is indirect 수직 점프가 불가능할 수 있다.
support of autonomous emotion regulation, such as ④ 빠른 회전 속도와 회전축에 가깝게 몸을 정렬하는
through interest in, as well as awareness and 것의 연관성을 이해하는 것은 무용수에게 성공적으로
nonjudgmental acceptance of, adolescents’ emotional 회전을 해내는 법을 알려준다.
experiences, and being available when the adolescent ⑤ 신체적 제약을 이해하는 것은 잠재적인 부상의 위험
wants to talk. 을 최소화하면서 무용수가 효율적으로 움직이게 해 준
① The process of emotional socialization begins at a 다.
young age. 정답 : ② 두 번째 문장에서 '그러나 그렇게(종종 자신의 신체 능력의
② During adolescence, parents remain the main 한계까지 자신을 밀어붙이는 방식) 밀어붙이는 것이 물리적으로 불가능
한 것을 달성하는 쪽으로 향하게 된다면, 잘못 이해한 것이다.'라고 언
influencers in the socialization process. 급되어 있으므로, 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은 ② 이다.
③ The way parents react to emotional situations sets
an example for how to regulate emotions. 9. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감)[32]
④✔ If parents change their behavior, teenagers may We must explore the relationship between children’s
distance themselves from them when facing film production and consumption habits. The term
emotional crises. “children’s film” implies ownership by children —
⑤ It may be suitable for adolescents to receive their cinema — but films supposedly made for
indirect support for regulating their emotions children have always been consumed by audiences of
independently. all ages, particularly in commercial cinemas. The
정답 : ④ 부모의 행동이 조정되지 않는다면 청소년은 정서적 위기 상 considerable crossover in audience composition for
황에서 부모로부터 멀어질 수 있다고 했으므로 ④ '부모가 행동을 바꾼 children’s films can be shown by the fact that, in
다면 청소년들은 정서적 위기에 직면했을 때 그들과 거리를 둘 수 있
다.'라는 이 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다. [오답풀이] ① 감정을 배우고 2007, eleven Danish children’s and youth films
표현하는 과정은 어린 나이부터 시작된다. ② 청소년기에는 부모가 사 attracted 59 percent of theatrical admissions, and in
회화 과정에서 주된 영향력을 행사하는 주체로 남아 있다. ③ 부모가
감정적 상황에 반응하는 방식은 감정을 조절하는 방법의 모범이 된다.
2014, German children’s films comprised seven out of
⑤ 청소년이 독립적으로 자신의 정서를 조절하는 간접적인 지원을 받 the top twenty films at the national box office. This
는 것이 적합할 수 있다.
phenomenon corresponds with a broader,
international embrace of what is seemingly children’s
8. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감)[31]
culture among audiences of diverse ages. The old
Dancers often push themselves to the limits of their
prejudice that children’s film is some other realm,
physical capabilities. But that push is misguided if it
separate from (and forever subordinate to) a more
is directed toward accomplishing something physically
legitimate cinema for adults is not supported by the
impossible. For instance, a tall dancer with long feet
realities of consumption: children’s film is at the
may wish to perform repetitive vertical jumps to fast
heart of contemporary popular culture.
music, pointing his feet while in the air and lowering
* subordinate: 하위의
his heels to the floor between jumps. That may be
① 어린이 영화의 주 관객들이 어린이로만 이루어졌던
impossible no matter how strong the dancer is. But
것은 아니다.
a short-footed dancer may have no trouble! Another

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② 2007년 덴마크의 11개의 어린이 및 청소년 영화가 게 호기심에 영향을 주는지를 연구해 왔다. → 호기심이 작곡에 어떻게
영향을 주는지 연구
극장 입장객의 절반이상을 끌어모았다.
③ 2014년 독일의 어린이 영화가 흥행수익 상위 20개
11. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감)[34]
중 30%이상을 차지했다.
Technologists are always on the lookout for
④✔ 최근 어린이 영화가 성인을 위한 영화보다 하위의
quantifiable metrics. Measurable inputs to a model
영역이라는 편견이 생겼다.
are their lifeblood, and like a social scientist, a
⑤ 어린이 영화는 이미 현대 대중문화의 중심에 있다.
technologist needs to identify concrete measures, or
정답 : ④ 어린이 영화가 성인을 위한 더 제대로 된 영화와는 별개의 “proxies,” for assessing progress. This need for
그리고 영원히 하위의 다른 영역이라는 오래된 편견에 대한 언급이 있
으므로 ④ '최근 어린이 영화가 성인을 위한 영화보다 하위의 영역이라 quantifiable proxies produces a bias toward
는 편견이 생겼다.'라는 이 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다. measuring things that are easy to quantify. But
simple metrics can take us further away from the
10. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은? -(감)[33] important goals we really care about, which may
Beethoven’s drive to create something novel is a require complicated metrics or be extremely difficult,
reflection of his state of curiosity. Our brains or perhaps impossible, to reduce to any measure.
experience a sense of reward when we create And when we have imperfect or bad proxies, we can
something new in the process of exploring easily fall under the illusion that we are solving for a
something uncertain, such as a musical phrase that good end without actually making genuine progress
we’ve never played or heard before. When our toward a worthy solution. The problem of proxies
curiosity leads to something novel, the resulting results in technologists frequently substituting what is
reward brings us a sense of pleasure. A number of measurable for what is meaningful. As the saying
investigators have modeled how curiosity influences goes, “Not everything that counts can be counted,
musical composition. In the case of Beethoven, and not everything that can be counted counts.”
computer modeling focused on the thirty-­two piano * metric: 측정 기준
sonatas written after age thirteen revealed that the ① 기술자들은 항상 정량화할 수 있는 측정 기준을 찾
musical patterns found in all of Beethoven’s music 고 있다.
decreased in later sonatas, while novel patterns, ② 기술자들은 복잡한 측정기준보다 간단한 측정기준을
including patterns that were unique to a particular 선호한다.
sonata, increased. In other words, Beethoven’s ③✔ 중요한 목표는 항상 간단한 측정 기준으로 측정될
music became less predictable over time as his 수 있다.
curiosity drove the exploration of new musical ideas. ④ 불완전하거나 나쁜 프록시를 사용하면 문제를 해결
Curiosity is a powerful driver of human creativity. 하고 있다는 착각에 빠질 수 있다.
① Curiosity has nothing to do with the desire to ⑤ 기술자들은 종종 의미 있는 것을 측정 가능한 것으
create something new. 로 대체한다.
② When our brains do something new, they get
정답 : ③ ‘중요한 목표는 항상 간단한 측정 기준으로 측정할 수 있는
stressed, so they must be rewarded for the 것이 아니라 복잡한 측정 기준을 요구하거나, 어떤 하나의 측정 방법만
consequences. 으로 한정하여 측정하기가 어렵거나 아마 불가능할 수도 있다’고 했으
므로 ③은 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
③ Only when you are happily creating something
new, does the result reward your brain.
12. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감)[35]
④ Many researchers have studied how music
We are the only species that seasons its food,
composition has influenced curiosity.
deliberately altering it with the highly flavored plant
⑤✔ As Beethoven explored new musical ideas out of
parts we call herbs and spices. It’s quite possible
curiosity, the music became less foreseeable over
that our taste for spices has an evolutionary root.
time.
Many spices have antibacterial properties — in fact,
정답 : ⑤ 베토벤이 호기심에 의해 새로운 음악적 아이디어를 탐구하 common seasonings such as garlic, onion, and
면서, 그 음악은 시간이 지날수록 덜 예측 가능하게 되었다
(Beethoven’s music became less predictable over time as his oregano inhibit the growth of almost every
curiosity drove the exploration of new musical ideas). [오답 설명] ① bacterium tested. And the cultures that make the
호기심은 새로운 것을 창작하려는 욕구완 상관이 없다 → 새로운 것을
창작하려는 베토벤의 욕구는 그의 호기심 상태의 반영이다. ② 우리 뇌
heaviest use of spices — think of the garlic and
는 새로운 것을 할 때, 스트레스를 받으므로, 반드시 그 결과에 대한 black pepper of Thai food, the ginger and coriander
보상이 주어져야 한다. → 스트레스 언급 없음 ③ 즐겁게 새로운 것을
of India, the chili peppers of Mexico — come from
창작을 할 때에만, 그 결과가 뇌에 보상을 준다. → 새로운 것의 창작과
그 결과물의 보상이 쾌감을 줌 ④ 많은 연구자들은 음악 작곡이 어떻 warmer climates, where bacterial spoilage is a bigger

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issue. In contrast, the most lightly spiced cuisines — 선택과 결합하여 단일 세포로 부터 인체가 발달한다.
those of Scandinavia and northern Europe — are ② 신체 발달의 모든 수준은 세포 수준에서는 무작위
from cooler climates. Our uniquely human attention 활동을 보인다.
to flavor, in this case the flavor of spices, turns out ③ 새로운 구조는 오래된 구조를 기반으로 하며, 일부
to have arisen as a matter of life and death. 세포는 선호하고 다른 세포는 제거하는 것이 모든 단계
① Species other than humans are not known to 에서 일어난다.
season their food with spices. ④✔ 면역계를 제외하고 세포와 세포의 확장은 위치에
② Many spices possess antibacterial properties, such 의해 선택되는 것이 아니라, 유전적으로 선택된다.
as garlic, onion, and oregano, which inhibit the ⑤ 전체 구조가 상당히 비슷하더라도 세포와 분자 수준
growth of various bacteria. 에서 개인마다 큰 변이성이 있는 것은 조작을 하는 것
③ Food is more likely to be spoiled by bacteria in 과 같다.
warm areas than in cold areas. 정답 : ④ 유전적으로 선택되는 것이 아니라, 위치에 의해 선택된다.
④✔ The use of spices has more to do with personal
preference than with environmental factors. 14. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감)[38]
⑤ Human attention to flavor, particularly the flavor It is a common assumption that most vagrant birds
of spices, is suggested to have evolved as a survival are ultimately doomed, aside from the rare cases
mechanism. where individuals are able to reorientate and return
정답 : ④ 지문에서 글쓴이는 '향신료를 가장 많이 사용하는 문화권은 to their normal ranges. In turn, it is also commonly
더 따뜻한 기후에서 유래하고, 스칸디나비아와 북유럽의 요리같이 가장 assumed that vagrancy itself is a relatively
향신료를 적게 쓰는 요리는 더 서늘한 기후에서 유래한다'고 기술하고
있으므로, ④ '향신료의 사용은 환경적 요인보다는 개인적 선호와 더
unimportant biological phenomenon. This is
많은 관련이 있다.'는 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다. ① 인간 이외의 종 undoubtedly true for the majority of cases, as the
은 음식에 향신료를 첨가하는 것으로 알려져 있지 않다. ② 많은 향신
most likely outcome of any given vagrancy event is
료에는 마늘, 양파, 오레가노와 같은 항균 특성이 있어 다양한 박테리
아의 성장을 억제한다. ③ 추운 곳보다 따뜻한 곳에서 음식이 박테리아 that the individual will fail to find enough resources,
에 의해 상할 가능성이 더 높다. ⑤ 맛, 특히 향신료의 맛에 대한 인간 and/or be exposed to inhospitable environmental
의 관심은 생존 메커니즘으로 진화한 것으로 시사된다.
conditions, and perish. However, there are many lines
13. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감)[36] of evidence to suggest that vagrancy can, on rare
Development of the human body from a single cell occasions, dramatically alter the fate of populations,
provides many examples of the structural richness species or even whole ecosystems. Despite being
that is possible when the repeated production of infrequent, these events can be extremely important
random variation is combined with nonrandom when viewed at the timescales over which ecological
selection. All phases of body development from and evolutionary processes unfold. The most
embryo to adult exhibit random activities at the profound consequences of vagrancy relate to the
cellular level, and body formation depends on the establishment of new breeding sites, new migration
new possibilities generated by these activities routes and wintering locations. Each of these can
coupled with selection of those outcomes that satisfy occur through different mechanisms, and at different
previously built-­in criteria. Always new structure is frequencies, and they each have their own unique
based on old structure, and at every stage selection importance.
favors some cells and eliminates others. The survivors ① In general, vagrancy is considered to be
serve to produce new cells that undergo further biologically insignificant.
rounds of selection. Except in the immune system, ② In the majority of cases, the individual is likely to
cells and extensions of cells are not genetically fail to find sufficient resources and perish.
selected during development, but rather, are ③✔ Vagrancy events are common in view of the
positionally selected. Those in the right place that time scale of ecological and evolutionary processes.
make the right connections are stimulated, and those ④ Vagrancy can sometimes dramatically impact
that don’t are eliminated. This process is much like populations.
sculpting. A natural consequence of the strategy is ⑤ In the most profound cases, Vagrancy is known to
great variability from individual to individual at the have an impact on the establishment of new
cell and molecular levels, even though large­-scale breeding sites.
structures are quite similar. 정답 : ③ 무리에서 떨어져 헤매는 것이 생태학적이고 진화적인 과정
이 진행되는 시간의 관점에서 볼 때 '드물기는 하지만(Despite being
① 무작위적인 변이의 반복적인 생성과 비무작위적인 infrequent)' 매우 중요하다고 설명하고 있으므로, ③ '무리에서 떨어져

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헤매는 경우들이 생태학적이고 진화적인 과정의 시간의 관점에서 흔한 However, this procedure is likely to cause biases and
(일반적인) 일이다'는 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
errors and is extremely costly and time consuming.
The widening gap between data and information
15. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감,하)[39]
calls for the systematic development of tools that
Intuition can be great, but it ought to be
can turn data tombs into “golden nuggets” of
hard-­earned. Experts, for example, are able to think
knowledge.
on their feet because they’ve invested thousands of
* repository: 저장소 ** golden nugget: 금괴
hours in learning and practice: their intuition has
① 데이터의 양이 빠르게 증가하고 있다.
become data-driven. Only then are they able to act
② 과도한 양의 데이터로 인해 우리는 그것들을 모두
quickly in accordance with their internalized expertise
이해할 수 없다.
and evidence-­based experience. Yet most people are
③ 중요한 의사 결정이 방대한 양의 정보의 데이터를
not experts, though they often think they are. Most
기반으로 내려지지 않을 때도 있다.
of us, especially when we interact with others on
④✔ 전문가가 수동으로 지식을 지식기반에 입력하는
social media, act with expert-­like speed and
것은 매우 효율적이다.
conviction, offering a wide range of opinions on
⑤ 데이터와 정보의 격차가 점점 벌어지고 있다.
global crises, without the substance of knowledge
that supports it. And thanks to AI, which ensures 정답 : ④ 전문가가 지식을 수동으로 지식기반에 입력하는 것은 편견
과 오류를 일으키기 쉽고 비용과 시간이 엄청나게 든다고 하였으므로
that our messages are delivered to an audience ④ '전문가가 수동으로 지식을 지식기반에 입력하는 것은 매우 효율적
more inclined to believing it, our delusions of 이다.'는 이 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.

expertise can be reinforced by our personal filter

bubble. We have an interesting tendency to find 17. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감)[41-42]
people more open-minded, rational, and sensible It’s untrue that teens can focus on two things at
when they think just like us. once — what they’re doing is shifting their attention
① 직관은 수많은 시간과 학습을 통해 얻어져야 한다. from one task to another. In this digital age, teens
② 전문가들은 내재화된 전문지식과 증거에 기반된 경 wire their brains to make these shifts very quickly,
험에 따라 행동한다. but they are still, like everyone else, paying attention
③✔ 대부분의 사람들은 전문 지식을 가지고 소셜미디 to one thing at a time, sequentially. Common sense
어 활동을 한다. tells us multitasking should increase brain activity,
④ 인공지능으로 인해 우리의 착각이 강화될 수 있다. but Carnegie Mellon University scientists using the
⑤ 다른이와 똑같은 생각을 할 때 그들을 합리적이고 latest brain imaging technology find it doesn’t. As a
분별있다고 여긴다. matter of fact, they discovered that multitasking
actually decreases brain activity. Neither task is done
정답 : ③ 글의 중반부 '우리 중 대부분은 소셜미디어에서 뒷받침하는
지식의 실체 없이 다른사람들과 소통한다.'라고 하였으므로 ③ '대부분 as well as if each were performed individually.
의 사람들은 전문 지식을 가지고 소셜미디어 활동을 한다.'는 글의 내 Fractions of a second are lost every time we make a
용과 일치하지 않는다.
switch, and a person’s interrupted task can take 50
percent longer to finish, with 50 percent more errors.
16. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감)[40]
Turns out the latest brain research supports the old
The fast­-growing, tremendous amount of data,
advice “one thing at a time.” It’s not that kids can’t
collected and stored in large and numerous data
do some tasks simultaneously. But if two tasks are
repositories, has far exceeded our human ability for
performed at once, one of them has to be familiar.
understanding without powerful tools. As a result,
Our brains perform a familiar task on “automatic
data collected in large data repositories become
pilot” while really paying attention to the other one.
“data tombs” — data archives that are hardly visited.
That’s why insurance companies consider talking on
Important decisions are often made based not on
a cell phone and driving to be as dangerous as
the information–rich data stored in data repositories
driving while drunk — it’s the driving that goes on
but rather on a decision maker’s instinct, simply
“automatic pilot” while the conversation really holds
because the decision maker does not have the tools
our attention. Our kids may be living in the
to extract the valuable knowledge hidden in the vast
Information Age but our brains have not been
amounts of data. Efforts have been made to develop
redesigned yet.
expert system and knowledge-­based technologies,
①✔ 디지털 시대에, 십대의 뇌는 매우 빠르게 동시 작
which typically rely on users or domain experts
업을 전환하도록 발달한다.
to manually input knowledge into knowledge bases.

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② 멀티태스킹이 실제로는 두뇌 활동을 감소시킨다는 ③ Christine got a phone call from the vet later that
것을 발견한 과학자들이 있다. day.
③ 십대 아이들이 동시에 두가지 작업을 할 수 있을 때 ④ Christine hurried back to the animal hospital to
는 그 중 하나가 익숙한 작업이어야 한다. get Leo when the vet called.
④ 보험회사는 운전하면서 전화 통화를 하는 것을 위험 ⑤ Christine's actions led to Leo's recovery.
한 행위로 간주한다. 정답 : ② 'Christine은 Leo를 동물 병원에 두고 가는 것이 가슴 아팠
⑤ 아이들이 정보화 시대에 살고 있을지 모르지만, 우리 지만 그녀는 그것이 최선이라는 것을 받아들여야 했다'고 하였으므로
②는 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
의 뇌는 아직 그렇지 않다.
정답 : ① 십대들이 동시에 두 가지 일에 집중할 수 있다는 것은 사실
이 아니며, 그들이 하고 있는 것은 한 작업에서 다른 작업으로 주의를
전환하는 것이라고 언급되어 있으므로 ①의 '동시 작업을 전환하도록
발달한다.'는 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.

18. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감,

하)[43-45]
Christine was a cat owner who loved her furry
companion, Leo. One morning, she noticed that Leo
was not feeling well. Concerned for her beloved cat,
Christine decided to take him to the animal hospital.
As she always brought Leo to this hospital, she was
certain that the vet knew well about Leo. She
desperately hoped Leo got the necessary care as
soon as possible.
The waiting room was filled with other pet owners.
Finally, it was Leo’s turn to see the vet. Christine
watched as the vet gently examined him. The vet
said, “ I think Leo has a minor infection.” “Infection?
Will he be okay?” asked Christine. “We need to do
some tests to see if he is infected. But for the tests,
it’s best for Leo to stay here,” replied the vet. It was
heartbreaking for Christine to leave Leo at the
animal hospital, but she had to accept it was for the
best.
“I’ll call you with updates as soon as we know
anything,” said the vet. Throughout the day, Christine
anxiously awaited news about Leo. Later that day,
the phone rang and it was the vet. “The tests
revealed a minor infection. Leo needs some
medication and rest, but he'll be back to his playful
self soon.” Relieved to hear the news, Christine
rushed back to the animal hospital to pick up Leo.
The vet provided detailed instructions on how to
administer the medication and shared tips for a
speedy recovery. Back at home, Christine created a
comfortable space for Leo to rest and heal. She
patted him with love and attention, ensuring that he
would recover in no time. As the days passed, Leo
gradually regained his strength and playful spirit.
① The vet wanted to test Leo's condition.
②✔ Christine couldn't bear to leave Leo at the vet's
clinic.

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generation, expect things to just happen overnight.

STAGE 3 어휘 When we have these false expectations, it tends to
① deter us from continuing to move forward.
1. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
Because this is a high tech society, everything we
적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[18]
want has to be ② within the parameters of our
Dear Art Crafts People of Greenville,
comfort and convenience. If it doesn’t happen fast
For the annual Crafts Fair on May 25 from 1 p.m. to
enough, we’re tempted to ③ maintain interest. So
6 p.m., the Greenville Community Center is ①
many people don’t want to take the time it requires
offering booth spaces to rent as in previous years.
to be ④ successful. Success is not a matter of mere
To ② secure your space, please visit our website and
desire; you should develop ⑤ perseverance in order
complete a registration form by April 20. The rental
to achieve it. Have you fallen prey to impatience?
fee is $50. All the money we receive from rental fees
Great things take time to build.
goes to ③ finance upcoming activities throughout the
* parameter: 매개 변수, 제한
year. We expect all available spaces to be fully
정답 : ③ 사람들은 일이 하룻밤 사이에 일어나기를 기대한다고 했으
booked soon, so don’t get ④ included. We ⑤
므로, 그 일이 충분히 빠르게 일어나지 않으면 흥미를 잃게 된다는 문
anticipate seeing you at the fair. 맥이 적절해서 ③의 maintain을 lose 등으로 고쳐야 한다. [변형] ①
deter : discourage ⑤ perseverance : patience
정답 : ④ '놓치지 마세요'가 흐름상 자연스러우므로, ④ included(포함
된)을 left out(제외되다) 등으로 고쳐야 한다.
4. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
2. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[21]
가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[19] If you had wanted to create a “self-­driving” car in
Sarah, a young artist with a love for painting, the 1950s, your best option might have been to
entered a local art contest. As she looked at the strap a brick to the accelerator. Yes, the vehicle
amazing artworks made by others, her confidence (A) would have been able to move ① forward on its
[diminished / strengthened]. She quietly thought, own, but it could not slow down, stop, or turn to
‘I might not win an award.’ The moment of judgment avoid barriers. Obviously not ② ideal. But does that
arrived, and the judges began announcing winners mean the entire concept of the self-­driving car is
one by one. It wasn’t until the end that she heard not worth ③ pursuing? No, it only means that at the
her name. The head of the judges said, time we did not yet have the tools we now possess
“Congratulations, Sarah Parker! You won first prize. to help enable vehicles to operate both
We loved the uniqueness of your work.” Sarah autonomously and safely. This once­-distant dream
was (B) [overcrowded / overwhelmed] with joy, and now seems ④ within our reach. It is much the same
she couldn’t stop smiling. This experience meant story in medicine. Two decades ago, we were still
more than just winning; it (C) [validated / taping bricks to accelerators. Today, we are
invalidated] her identity as an artist. approaching the point where we can begin to bring
① strengthened - overcrowded - invalidated some appropriate technology to bear in ways that ⑤
② diminished - overcrowded - validated impede our understanding of patients as unique
③ strengthened - overcrowded - validated individuals. In fact, many patients are already wearing
④ diminished - overwhelmed - invalidated devices that monitor their conditions in real time,
⑤✔ diminished - overwhelmed - validated which allows doctors to talk to their patients in a
정답 : ⑤ (A) 다른 사람들이 만든 놀라운 예술 작품들을 보면서 그녀
specific, refined, and feedback­-driven way that was
의 자신감은 떨어졌다는 흐름이 자연스러우므로 diminish(줄어들다)가 not even possible a decade ago.
적절하다. strengthen은 '강화되다'라는 뜻이다. (B) Sarah는 기쁨에 휩
* strap: 끈으로 묶다 ** autonomously: 자율적으로
싸였고 미소가 가시지 않았다는 흐름이 자연스러우므로 (be)
overwhelmed (with) (~로 넘치다)가 적절하다. overcrowded는 '혼잡한' 정답 : ⑤ "환자를 고유한 개인으로서 이해하는 것을 증진하는
이라는 뜻이다. (C) 이 경험은 단순한 우승 이상의 의미를 지녔고 그녀 (advance) 방식"이라는 것이 문맥에 적절하므로 impede(방해하다)를
에게 예술가로서의 정체성을 확인해주었다는 흐름이 자연스러우므로 advance등으로 고쳐야 한다.
validate(확인하다)가 적절하다. invalidate는 '틀렸음을 입증하다'라는 뜻
이다.
5. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
3. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[22]
적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[20] We tend to overrate the impact of new technologies
Too many times people, especially in today’s in part because older technologies have become
absorbed into the furniture of our lives, so as to be

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almost ① invisible. Take the baby bottle. Here is a Because technology allows for it, they feel an
simple implement that has ② reshaped a fundamental obligation. It’s easy for most of us to ② relate —
human experience for vast numbers of infants and you probably feel the same pressure in your own
mothers, yet it finds no place in our histories of life! It is really ③ challenging to deal with the fact
technology. This technology might be thought of as that we’re human and can’t always respond instantly.
a classic time-shifting device, as it enables mothers For a teen or tween who’s still learning the ins and
to exercise ③ more control over the timing of outs of social interactions, it’s even worse. Here’s
feeding. It can also function to save time, as bottle how this behavior plays out sometimes: Your child
feeding allows for someone else to ④ take over the texts one of his friends, and the friend doesn’t text
mother’s time. Potentially, therefore, it has huge back right away. Now it’s ④ easy for your child to
implications for the management of time in everyday think, “This person doesn’t want to be my friend
life, yet it is hardly ⑤ overlooked in discussions anymore!” So he texts again, and again, and again
of high-speed society. — “blowing up their phone.” This can be
정답 : ⑤ '빠른 속도의 사회적 논의에서는 완전히 간과되고 있다'가 stress-­inducing and even read as aggressive. But you
흐름상 자연스러우므로, 앞에 hardly(거의 ~않다)에 유의하여, ⑤ can see how ⑤ hard this could happen.
overlooked(간과된)을 recognized(인정된) 등으로 고쳐야 한다. ** 원문
.. yet it is entirely overlooked in discussion ~ * tween: (10 ~ 12세 사이의) 십대 초반의 아동
정답 : ⑤ 아이들이 기술의 발달로 인해 항상 접근(연락) 가능할 수 있
6. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 어야 한다고 압박감을 느끼고 있고, 이는 남들이 곧바로 반응하지 않을
때 그들로 하여금 쉽게 불암감을 느끼게 만들 수 있다는 내용의 글이
적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[23] 다. 예에서 자녀가 친구 중 한 명에게 문자 메시지를 보내고, 그 친구
Empathy is frequently listed as one of the most ① 가 즉시 답장을 보내지 않으면, 친구가 되기를 원치 않는다고 생각하고
문자 폭탄을 보내게 되는 행동을 보게 될 때 이런 일이 얼마나 쉽게
preferred skills in an employer or employee, 일어날 수 있는지 알 수 있다는 흐름이 적절하므로 ⑤ hard(어렵게)를
although without specifying exactly what is meant easily(쉽게) 등으로 고쳐야 한다.
by empathy. Some businesses stress ②
cognitive empathy, emphasizing the need for leaders 8. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로
to understand the perspective of employees 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[29]
and customers when negotiating deals and making For years, many psychologists have held strongly to
decisions. Others stress ③ affective empathy and the belief that the key to addressing negative health
empathic concern, emphasizing the ability of leaders habits is to change behavior. This, more than values
to gain trust from employees and customers by and attitudes, is the part of personality that is
treating them with real concern and compassion. easiest to change. (A) [Suggestive / Ingestive] habits
When some consultants argue that successful such as smoking, drinking and various eating
companies ④ promote empathy, what that translates behaviors are the most common health concerns
to is that companies should conduct good market targeted for behavioral changes. Process-­addiction
research. In other words, an “empathic” company behaviors (workaholism, shopaholism, and the like) (B)
understands the needs and wants of its customers [fall into / fall to] this category as well. Mental
and seeks to ⑤ dismiss those needs and wants. When imagery combined with power of suggestion was
some people speak of design with empathy, what taken up as the premise of behavioral medicine to
that translates to is that companies should take into help people change negative health behaviors into
account the specific needs of different populations — positive ones. Although this technique alone will not
the blind, the deaf, the elderly, non-­English produce changes, when used alongside other
speakers, the color-­blind, and so on — when behavior modification tactics and (C) [scoping /
designing products. coping] strategies, behavioral changes have proved
*empathy: 공감, 공감능력 **compassion 동정심 effective for some people. What mental imagery
does is reinforce a new desired behavior. Repeated
정답 : ⑤ 회사가 그런 필요와 요구를 충족시키려고 추구한다는 것이
문맥상 자연스러우므로, ⑤의 dismiss(무시하다)를 fulfill(충족시키다) 등 use of images reinforces the desired behavior more
으로 고쳐야 한다. strongly over time.
① Suggestive - fall to - coping
7. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
② Suggestive - fall into - scoping
적절하지 않은 것은? -(감,하)[24]
③ Ingestive - fall to - scoping
The most prevalent problem kids report is that they
④ Suggestive - fall into - coping
feel like they need to be ① accessible at all times.

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⑤✔ Ingestive - fall into - coping Understanding the connection between a rapid turn
정답 : ⑤ (A) 뒤에 예로 언급되는 흡연, 음주, 그리고 다양한 섭식 행 rate and the alignment of the body close to the
동은 섭취(Ingestive) 습관이다. suggestive: 연상시키는 (B) fall into: ~ rotation axis tells her how to accomplish her turn
에 속하다, fall to: ~의 책임이다 (C) 내용 상 '다른 행동 수정 기법 및
대응 전략' (other behavior modification tactics and coping strategies) successfully. In both of these cases, understanding
이 자연스럽다. scoping: 관찰 and working within the constraints imposed by
nature and described by physical laws ⑤
9. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 allows dancers to work efficiently, minimizing
적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[30] potential risk of injury.
Emotion socialization — learning from other people *alignment: 정렬 **rotation axis: 회전축
about emotions and how to deal with them — starts
정답 : ④ 빠른 음악에 맞춰 수직 점프를 반복적으로 함에 있어, 짧은
early in life and plays a ① foundational role for 발을 가진 무용수가 문제가 없을 것이라 했으므로, 그 외에 다른 무용
emotion regulation development. Although 수는 공중에서 반바퀴를 완성하기 위해 고군분투 할지도 모른다고 하
는 것이 문맥상 자연스러우므로, ④의 effortless(노력을 들이지 않은)를
extra-­familial influences, such as peers or media, struggling(고군분투하는) 등으로 고쳐야 한다.'
gain in importance during adolescence, parents
remain the ② primary socialization agents. For 11. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로
example, their own responses to emotional situations 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[32]
serve as a role model for emotion regulation, We must explore the relationship between children’s
increasing the likelihood that their children will show film production and consumption habits. The term
③ different reactions in comparable situations. “children’s film” implies ownership by children —
Parental practices at times when their children are their cinema — but films supposedly made for
faced with emotional challenges also impact emotion children have always been consumed by audiences of
regulation development. Whereas direct soothing and all ages, particularly in commercial cinemas. The (A)
directive guidance of what to do are beneficial for [considerable / considerate] crossover in audience
younger children, they may ④ intrude on adolescents’ composition for children’s films can be shown by the
autonomy striving. In consequence, adolescents might fact that, in 2007, eleven Danish children’s and youth
pull away from, rather than turn toward, their films attracted 59 percent of theatrical admissions,
parents in times of emotional crisis, unless parental and in 2014, German children’s films comprised
practices are adjusted. More suitable in adolescence seven out of the top twenty films at the national
is ⑤ indirect support of autonomous emotion box office. This phenomenon corresponds with a
regulation, such as through interest in, as well as broader, international embrace of what is seemingly
awareness and nonjudgmental acceptance of, children’s culture among audiences of diverse ages.
adolescents’ emotional experiences, and being The old prejudice that children’s film is some other
available when the adolescent wants to talk. realm, separate from (and forever subordinate to) a
정답 : ③ 청소년기 역시 부모가 여전히 주된 사회화의 주체이라고 설 more legitimate cinema for adults is not (B)
명한 후 그에 따른 예를 들고 있으므로, 부모의 반응이 롤 모델이 되어 [supported / opposed] by the realities of
아이가 비슷한 상황에서 비슷한 반응을 보일 수 있다는 흐름이 자연스
러우므로 ③ different를 similar 정도로 바꾸어야 한다. consumption: children’s film is (C) [on the edge / at
the heart]
10. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 of contemporary popular culture.
적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[31] * subordinate: 하위의
Dancers often push themselves to the limits of their ①✔ considerable - supported - at the heart
physical capabilities. But that push is misguided if it ② considerable - opposed - on the edge
is directed toward accomplishing something physically ③ considerate - supported - on the edge
① impossible. For instance, a tall dancer with ② ④ considerate - opposed - at the heart
long feet may wish to perform repetitive vertical ⑤ considerable - supported - on the edge
jumps to fast music, pointing his feet while in the 정답 : ① (A) 어린이 영화의 관객 구성에서 considerable(상당한) 넘나
air and lowering his heels to the floor between 듦이 있다가 적절하다. (B) 어린이 영화가 성인을 위한 더 제대로 된 영
화와는 별개의 영역이라는 오래된 편견은 소비의 실상에 의해
jumps. That may not be ③ possible no matter how supported(뒷받침되지) 않는다가 적절하다. (C) 어린이 영화가 현대 대
strong the dancer is. But a short-footed dancer may 중문화의 heart(중심)에 있다가 적절하다. [오답노트] considerate: 사려
깊은, oppose: 반대하다, edge: 가장자리
have no trouble! Another dancer may be ④
effortless to complete a half-turn in the air.

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12. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 정답 : ⑤ 기술자들에게 정량화할 수 있는 프록시에 대한 필요성은 정

적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[33] 량화하기 쉬운 것들을 측정하는 쪽으로 편향을 만들고, 불완전하거나
잘못된 프록시를 가지고 있을 때, 가치 있는 해결책을 향한 진정한 진
Beethoven’s drive to create something novel is a 전을 실제로 이루지 못하면서 좋은 목적을 위해 문제를 해결하고 있다
reflection of his state of ① curiosity. Our brains 는 착각에 쉽게 빠질 수 있으므로 ‘프록시의 문제는 기술자들이 흔히
의미 있는 것을 측정 가능한 것으로 대체하는 결과를 낳는다’는 흐름이
experience a sense of reward when we create 적절하다. 따라서 meaningless(의미없는)을 meaningful(의미있는)등으로
something new in the process of exploring 바꿔야 한다.
something ② uncertain, such as a musical phrase
that we’ve never played or heard before. When our 14. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
curiosity leads to something novel, the resulting 적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[35]
reward brings us a sense of ③ pleasure. A number We are the only species that seasons its food,
of investigators have modeled how curiosity deliberately ① altering it with the highly flavored
influences musical composition. In the case of plant parts we call herbs and spices. It’s quite
Beethoven, computer modeling focused on the possible that our taste for spices has an evolutionary
thirty-­two piano sonatas written after age thirteen root. Many spices have antibacterial properties — in
revealed that the musical patterns found in all of fact, ② common seasonings such as garlic, onion,
Beethoven’s music ④ decreased in later sonatas, while and oregano inhibit the growth of almost every
novel patterns, including patterns that were unique bacterium tested. And the cultures that make the ③
to a particular sonata, increased. In other words, rarest use of spices — think of the garlic and black
Beethoven’s music became ⑤ more predictable over pepper of Thai food, the ginger and coriander of
time as his curiosity drove the exploration of new India, the chili peppers of Mexico — come from
musical ideas. Curiosity is a powerful driver of warmer climates, where bacterial ④ spoilage is a
human creativity. bigger issue. In contrast, the most lightly spiced
정답 : ⑤ more → less: 앞에서 모든 음악에서 발견되는 음악 패턴이
cuisines — those of Scandinavia and northern Europe
후기 소나타에서는 감소한 반면, 새로운 패턴이 증가하였다고 했으므 — are from cooler climates. Our uniquely human ⑤
로, 베토벤의 호기심이 새로운 음악적 아이디어의 탐구를 이끌게 됨에
attention to flavor, in this case the flavor of spices,
따라, 그의 음악은 시간이 지날 수록 '덜' 예측 가능하게 되었다가 적절
하다. 그러므로 more(더)를 less(덜)로 바꾸어야 한다. turns out to have arisen as a matter of life and
death.
13. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 정답 : ③ 이어지는 예시에서 향신료를 많이 쓰는 문화가 언급되고 있
적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[34] 으므로, ③ rarest를 heaviest 등으로 바꾸어야 한다.
Technologists are always on the lookout for
quantifiable metrics. ① Measurable inputs to a model 15. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
are their lifeblood, and like a social scientist, a 적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[36]
technologist needs to identify concrete measures, or Development of the human body from a single cell
“proxies,” for assessing progress. This need for ② provides many examples of the structural ①
quantifiable proxies produces a bias toward richness that is possible when the repeated
measuring things that are easy to quantify. But ③ production of random variation is combined with
simple metrics can take us further away from the nonrandom selection. All phases of body
important goals we really care about, which may development from embryo to adult exhibit random
require complicated metrics or be extremely difficult, activities at the cellular level, and body formation
or perhaps impossible, to reduce to any measure. depends on the new possibilities generated by these
And when we have ④ imperfect or bad proxies, we activities coupled with selection of those outcomes
can easily fall under the illusion that we are solving that satisfy previously ② built-­in criteria. Always new
for a good end without actually making genuine structure is based on old structure, and at every
progress toward a worthy solution. The problem of stage selection favors some cells and eliminates
proxies results in technologists frequently substituting others. The survivors serve to produce ③ new cells
what is measurable for what is ⑤ meaningless. As that undergo further rounds of selection. Except in
the saying goes, “Not everything that counts can be the immune system, cells and extensions of cells are
counted, and not everything that can be counted not genetically selected during development, but
counts.” rather, are ④ positionally selected. Those in the right
* metric: 측정 기준 place that make the right connections are stimulated,
and those that don’t are eliminated. This process is

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much like sculpting. A natural consequence of the they often think they are. Most of us, especially
strategy is great variability from individual to when we interact with others on social media, act
individual at the cell and molecular levels, even with expert-­like speed and conviction, ③ offering a
though large­-scale structures are quite ⑤ different. wide range of opinions on global crises, without the
정답 : ⑤ different → similar: 앞에서 새로운 가능성과 더불어 이전에 substance of knowledge that supports it. And thanks
확립된 기준을 만족시키는 결과물에 대한 언급어 있고, 항상 새로운 구 to AI, which ensures that our messages are delivered
조는 오래된 구조를 기반으로 한다고 했으므로, 밑줄 ⑤가 있는 문장에
서 앞에 'variability'(new)가 언급이 되었으므로, ⑤에는 'similar(비슷 to an audience more ④ reluctant to believing it, our
한)'(old)가 오는 것이 적절하다. 조각의 경우도 한 덩어리의 돌에서 시 delusions of expertise can be reinforced by our
작하는 점에서는 비슷하지만 결과가 세부적인 면에서 다 다른 작품이
personal filter bubble. We have an ⑤
나온다.
interesting tendency to find people more
16. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 open-­minded, rational, and sensible when they think
적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[38] just like us.
It is a common assumption that most vagrant birds 정답 : ④ 전문가가 아닌 많은 개인들이 다른 사람들과 소통할 때 마
치 전문가처럼 행동하며, 뒷받침하는 지식의 실체 없이 의견을 제시하
are ultimately doomed, aside from the rare cases
는 상황에서, 인공지능(AI) 덕분에 우리의 메시지가 우리를 믿기 쉬운
where individuals are able to reorientate and return 대상(더 믿으려는 성향이 있는)에게 전달되므로, 전문지식에 대한 우리
to their ① normal ranges. In turn, it is also 의 착각이 개인적 필터버블에 의해 강화될 수 있다는 흐름이므로 ④
reluctant(꺼려하는, 마지못한)를 inclined (~하는 성향이 있는) 등으로
commonly assumed that vagrancy itself is a 고쳐야 한다.
relatively ② trivial biological phenomenon. This is
undoubtedly true for the majority of cases, as the 18. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
most likely outcome of any given vagrancy event is 적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[40]
that the individual will fail to find enough resources, The ① fast­-growing, tremendous amount of data,
and/or be exposed to ③ inhospitable environmental collected and stored in large and numerous data
conditions, and perish. However, there are many lines repositories, has far exceeded our human ability for
of evidence to suggest that vagrancy can, on rare understanding without powerful tools. As a result,
occasions, dramatically ④ change the fate of data collected in large data repositories become
populations, species or even whole ecosystems. “data tombs” — data archives that are ②
Despite being infrequent, these events can be frequently visited. Important decisions are often
extremely ⑤ insignificant when viewed at the made based not on the information–rich data stored
timescales over which ecological and evolutionary in data repositories but rather on a decision maker’s
processes unfold. The most profound consequences ③ instinct, simply because the decision maker does
of vagrancy relate to the establishment of new not have the tools to extract the valuable
breeding sites, new migration routes and wintering knowledge ④ hidden in the vast amounts of data.
locations. Each of these can occur through different Efforts have been made to develop expert system
mechanisms, and at different frequencies, and they and knowledge-­based technologies, which typically
each have their own unique importance. rely on users or domain experts to ⑤ manually input
정답 : ⑤ 새들이 무리에서 떨어져 헤매는 것이 개체 수, 종, 심지어 knowledge into knowledge bases. However, this
생태계 전체의 운명을 바꿀 수 있다고 설명하고 있으므로, 이러한 경우 procedure is likely to cause biases and errors and is
들(these event)은 생태학적, 진화적인 시간의 관점에서 볼 때 매우 '중
요한' 경우라고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 ⑤ insignificant(대수롭지 않은)을 extremely costly and time consuming. The widening
significant나 important(중요한) 등으로 고쳐야 한다. gap between data and information calls for the
systematic development of tools that can turn data
17. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 tombs into “golden nuggets” of knowledge.
적절하지 않은 것은? -(감,하)[39] * repository: 저장소 ** golden nugget: 금괴
Intuition can be great, but it ought to be ①
정답 : ② 데이터의 무덤이라는 표현을 보아 쓸모가 없는 것을 의미하
hard­-earned. Experts, for example, are able to think 고 있으므로 사람들이 거의 찾지 않는 것이 자연스러우므로 ②의
on their feet because they’ve invested thousands of frequently를 hardly 정도로 바꾸어야 한다.

hours in learning and practice: their intuition has

19. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이
become data-driven. Only then are they able to act
적절하지 않은 것은? -(감)[41-42]
quickly in accordance with their ②
It’s untrue that teens can focus on two things at
internalized expertise and evidence-­based
once — what they’re doing is shifting their attention
experience. Yet most people are not experts, though
from one task to another. In this digital age, teens

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wire their brains to make these shifts very quickly,

but they are still, like everyone else, paying attention
to one thing at a time, sequentially. Common sense
tells us multitasking should ① increase brain activity,
but Carnegie Mellon University scientists using the
latest brain imaging technology find it doesn’t. As a
matter of fact, they discovered that multitasking
actually decreases brain activity. Neither task is done
as well as if each were performed ② individually.
Fractions of a second are lost every time we make a
switch, and a person’s interrupted task can take 50
percent ③ shorter to finish, with 50 percent more
errors. Turns out the latest brain research supports
the old advice “one thing at a time.” It’s not that
kids can’t do some tasks ④ simultaneously. But if
two tasks are performed at once, one of them has
to be familiar. Our brains perform a ⑤ familiar task
on “automatic pilot” while really paying attention to
the other one. That’s why insurance companies
consider talking on a cell phone and driving to be
as dangerous as driving while drunk — it’s the
driving that goes on “automatic pilot” while the
conversation really holds our attention. Our kids may
be living in the Information Age but our brains have
not been redesigned yet.
정답 : ③ 이 글에서 우리가 멀티태스팅을 할 때 두뇌 활동이 감소된
다고 했으므로, (작업을) 전환할 때마다 시간이 아주 조금씩 낭비되며,
중단된 작업은 완료하기까지 50퍼센트 더 오래(longer) 걸린다고 해야
문맥상 적절하다.

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중요성'이 적절하다.

STAGE 4 주제/제목
3. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[21]
1. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[18] If you had wanted to create a “self-­driving” car in
Dear Art Crafts People of Greenville, the 1950s, your best option might have been to
For the annual Crafts Fair on May 25 from 1 p.m. to strap a brick to the accelerator. Yes, the vehicle
6 p.m., the Greenville Community Center is providing would have been able to move forward on its own,
booth spaces to rent as in previous years. To reserve but it could not slow down, stop, or turn to avoid
your space, please visit our website and complete a barriers. Obviously not ideal. But does that mean
registration form by April 20. The rental fee is $50. the entire concept of the self-­driving car is not
All the money we receive from rental fees goes to worth pursuing? No, it only means that at the time
support upcoming activities throughout the year. We we did not yet have the tools we now possess to
expect all available spaces to be fully booked soon, help enable vehicles to operate both autonomously
so don’t get left out. We hope to see you at the and safely. This once­-distant dream now seems
fair. within our reach. It is much the same story in
① plans for upcoming renovations medicine. Two decades ago, we were still taping
②✔ notification of booth reservations for a fair bricks to accelerators. Today, we are approaching the
③ difficulties in organizing the annual Crafts Fair point where we can begin to bring some appropriate
④ the benefits of participating in a community technology to bear in ways that advance our
center understanding of patients as unique individuals. In
⑤ the need for smaller booths at the Greenville fact, many patients are already wearing devices that
Community Center monitor their conditions in real time, which allows
정답 : ② 공예 작가들에게 연례 공예 박람회에서 부스를 대여하는 방 doctors to talk to their patients in a specific, refined,
법에 대해 안내하는 글이므로, 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은 ② '박람
and feedback­-driven way that was not even possible
회 부스 예약 안내'이다.
a decade ago.
2. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[20] * strap: 끈으로 묶다 ** autonomously: 자율적으로
Too many times people, especially in today’s ① The Surprising Parallels Between Medicine and
generation, expect things to just happen overnight. Science
When we have these false expectations, it tends to ② A Warning That Many Medical Devices Are Not
discourage us from continuing to move forward. Yet Safe
Because this is a high tech society, everything we ③ Why Is Technology Only Useful in Modern Patient
want has to be within the parameters of our comfort Care?
and convenience. If it doesn’t happen fast enough, ④✔ The Evolution of Technology: From Bricks to
we’re tempted to lose interest. So many people Breakthroughs
don’t want to take the time it requires to be ⑤ Moving Forward: The Prospects and Challenges of
successful. Success is not a matter of mere desire; Autonomous Cars
you should develop patience in order to achieve it. 정답 : ④ 과거에는 먼 미래의 꿈이었던 자율자동차나 개인 맞춤형 의
료가 다년간에 걸친 기술 발전을 통해 이룩되어 왔다는 글이므로 제목
Have you fallen prey to impatience? Great things 으로 적절한 것은 ④ "기술의 진화: 벽돌에서 혁신까지"이다.
take time to build.
* parameter: 매개 변수, 제한 4. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감,하)[22]
① ways to overcome the fear of trying new things We tend to overrate the impact of new technologies
② the necessity of accepting failure in life in part because older technologies have become
③ how to make the most of technology to achieve absorbed into the furniture of our lives, so as to be
success almost invisible. Take the baby bottle. Here is a
④✔ importance of patience in order to achieve simple implement that has transformed a
success fundamental human experience for vast numbers of
⑤ the importance of making careful decisions in infants and mothers, yet it finds no place in our
everyday life histories of technology. This technology might be
정답 : ④ 첨단 기술의 시대를 살아가는 우리들은 즉각적인 성공이라 thought of as a classic time-shifting device, as it
는 잘못된 기대를 가지며 인내심의 부족은 성공에 필요한 시간과 노력
enables mothers to exercise more control over the
의 투입을 막는다. 그러므로 주제는 ④ '성공을 이루기 위한 인내심의

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timing of feeding. It can also function to save time, Without Empathy

as bottle feeding allows for someone else to ⑤ Which Is More Important, Cognitive Empathy or
substitute for the mother’s time. Potentially, Affective Empathy?
therefore, it has huge implications for the 정답 : ③ 사업에서 empathy가 다양한 의미를 가진다는 내용의 글이
management of time in everyday life, yet it is 므로, 글의 제목은 ③ '사업계에서의 공감 : 다양한 해석'이 적절하다.

entirely overlooked in discussions of high-speed

society. 6. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감,하)[24]
① Tips for Time Management in Modern Parenting The most prevalent problem kids report is that they
②✔ The Overlooked Innovations of Everyday feel like they need to be accessible at all times.
Technologies Because technology allows for it, they feel an
③ From Breast-Feeding to Baby Bottles: History of obligation. It’s easy for most of us to relate — you
Nurturing probably feel the same pressure in your own life! It
④ Revisiting Everyday Technologies: Are They Really is really challenging to deal with the fact that we’re
Contributing? human and can’t always respond instantly. For a teen
⑤ Breakthrough Technologies That Dramatically or tween who’s still learning the ins and outs
Changed Our Lives of social interactions, it’s even worse. Here’s how this
behavior plays out sometimes: Your child texts one
정답 : ② '일상에서 간과되기 쉬운 기술인 아기 젖병이 어떻게 모자간
의 관계와 일상 생활에서의 시간 관리에 혁명적인 변화를 가져왔는지' of his friends, and the friend doesn’t text back right
에 대해 설명하는 내용의 글이므로, 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은 away. Now it’s easy for your child to think, “This
② '일상의 혁신적 기술들 가운데 간과되어 온 혁신들'이다.
person doesn’t want to be my friend anymore!” So
he texts again, and again, and again — “blowing up
5. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[23]
their phone.” This can be stress-­inducing and even
Empathy is frequently listed as one of the most
read as aggressive. But you can see how easily
desired skills in an employer or employee, although
this could happen.
without specifying exactly what is meant by empathy.
① Why Kids Feel Obligated to Ignore
Some businesses stress cognitive empathy,
② Technology Eases Peer Pressure in Youth
emphasizing the need for leaders to understand the
③ The Two-Sides of Modern Communication!
perspective of employees and customers when
④ Navigating New Social Norms: A Guide for Parents
negotiating deals and making decisions. Others stress
⑤✔ Always On: The Challenges of Constant
affective empathy and empathic concern, emphasizing
Connectivity
the ability of leaders to gain trust from employees
and customers by treating them with real 정답 : ⑤ '청소년들이 항상 연결되어 있어야 한다는 압박을 느끼는 문
제'에 관한 내용의 글이므로, 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은 ⑤ '언제
concern and compassion. When some consultants 나 진행 중: 끊임없는 연결의 문제'이다.
argue that successful companies foster empathy, what
that translates to is that companies should conduct 7. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[29]
good market research. In other words, an “empathic” For years, many psychologists have held strongly to
company understands the needs and wants of its the belief that the key to addressing negative health
customers and seeks to fulfill those needs and wants. habits is to change behavior. This, more than values
When some people speak of design with empathy, and attitudes, is the part of personality that is
what that translates to is that companies should take easiest to change. Ingestive habits such as smoking,
into account the specific needs of different drinking and various eating behaviors are the most
populations — the blind, the deaf, the elderly, common health concerns targeted for behavioral
non-­English speakers, the color­-blind, and so on — changes. Process-­addiction behaviors (workaholism,
when designing products. shopaholism, and the like) fall into this category as
*empathy: 공감, 공감능력 **compassion 동정심 well. Mental imagery combined with power of
① How to Improve Your Empathic Abilities at Work suggestion was taken up as the premise of
② Improving Empathy: Why You Need to Care for behavioral medicine to help people change negative
Employees health behaviors into positive ones. Although this
③✔ Empathy in the Business World: A Variety of technique alone will not produce changes, when
Translations used alongside other behavior modification tactics
④ The Characteristics of Companies That Succeed and coping strategies, behavioral changes have

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proved effective for some people. What mental Socialization

imagery does is reinforce a new desired behavior. ④ Parenting Strategies for Effective Emotion
Repeated use of images reinforces the desired Regulation!
behavior more strongly over time. ⑤ The Impact of Parental Influence on Adolescent
① the difficulty of changing negative health Development
behaviors into positive ones 정답 : ② '감정 조절 개발을 위해 부모가 중요한 사회화 에이전트 역
② the difference between process­-addiction 할을 하며, 특히 청소년기에 간접적인 감정 조절 지원이 적합하다'는
내용의 글이므로, 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은 ② '아동기와 청소
behaviors and values 년기의 정서 사회화'이다.
③ the significance of behavior in shaping personality
④✔ the effective use of mental imagery in 9. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감,하)[31]
modifying behavior Dancers often push themselves to the limits of their
⑤ the importance of positive mental imagery in physical capabilities. But that push is misguided if it
reducing stress is directed toward accomplishing something physically
정답 : ④ '많은 심리학자들이 부정적인 건강 습관을 해결하기 위해 태 impossible. For instance, a tall dancer with long feet
도보다 행동 변화를 강조하며, 행동 수정 전술과 함께 정신적 이미지를 may wish to perform repetitive vertical jumps to fast
사용하여 원하는 행동을 효과적으로 강화한다'는 내용의 글이므로, 주
제로는 ④ '행동을 수정하는데 정신적 이미지를 효과적으로 사용하는 music, pointing his feet while in the air and lowering
것'이 적절하다. ① 부정적인 건강 행동을 긍정적인 건강 행동으로 바 his heels to the floor between jumps. That may be
꾸는 것의 어려움 ② 과정중독 행동과 가치관의 차이 ③ 성격 형성에
있어 행동의 중요성 ⑤ 스트레스를 줄이는 데 있어서 긍정적인 정신적
impossible no matter how strong the dancer is. But
이미지의 중요성 a short-footed dancer may have no trouble! Another
dancer may be struggling to complete a half-turn in
8. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감,하)[30] the air. Understanding the connection between a
Emotion socialization — learning from other people rapid turn rate and the alignment of the body close
about emotions and how to deal with them — starts to the rotation axis tells her how to accomplish her
early in life and plays a foundational role for turn successfully. In both of these cases,
emotion regulation development. Although understanding and working within the constraints
extra-­familial influences, such as peers or media, imposed by nature and described by physical laws
gain in importance during adolescence, parents allows dancers to work efficiently, minimizing
remain the primary socialization agents. For example, potential risk of injury.
their own responses to emotional situations serve as ① Keep Pushing Physical Limits in Dance
a role model for emotion regulation, increasing the ② The Profound Science of Dance Mechanics!
likelihood that their children will show similar ③✔ Navigating Physical Constraints in Dance
reactions in comparable situations. Parental practices ④ Understanding Body Mechanics for Gymnasts
at times when their children are faced with ⑤ Techniques for Safe, Less Tiring Dance Practice
emotional challenges also impact emotion regulation
정답 : ③ '무용수들이 자연의 제약과 물리 법칙을 이해하고 그 안에서
development. Whereas direct soothing and directive 효율적으로 연습함으로써 부상 위험을 최소화하는 방법'에 관한 내용의
guidance of what to do are beneficial for younger 글이므로, 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은 ③ '무용의 물리적 제약을
다루는 일'이다.
children, they may intrude on adolescents’ autonomy
striving. In consequence, adolescents might pull away 10. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감,하)[32]
from, rather than turn toward, their parents in times We must explore the relationship between children’s
of emotional crisis, unless parental practices are film production and consumption habits. The term
adjusted. More suitable in adolescence is indirect “children’s film” implies ownership by children —
support of autonomous emotion regulation, such as their cinema — but films supposedly made for
through interest in, as well as awareness and children have always been consumed by audiences of
nonjudgmental acceptance of, adolescents’ emotional all ages, particularly in commercial cinemas. The
experiences, and being available when the adolescent considerable crossover in audience composition for
wants to talk. children’s films can be shown by the fact that, in
① Navigating Emotional Challenges in Adolescence 2007, eleven Danish children’s and youth films
②✔ Emotion Socialization in Childhood and attracted 59 percent of theatrical admissions, and in
Adolescence 2014, German children’s films comprised seven out of
③ Why Self-Respect Matters in Emotional the top twenty films at the national box office. This

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phenomenon corresponds with a broader, 12. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[34]

international embrace of what is seemingly children’s Technologists are always on the lookout for
culture among audiences of diverse ages. The old quantifiable metrics. Measurable inputs to a model
prejudice that children’s film is some other realm, are their lifeblood, and like a social scientist, a
separate from (and forever subordinate to) a more technologist needs to identify concrete measures, or
legitimate cinema for adults is not supported by the “proxies,” for assessing progress. This need for
realities of consumption: children’s film is at the quantifiable proxies produces a bias toward
heart of contemporary popular culture. measuring things that are easy to quantify. But
① Analyzing Film Audience Demographics simple metrics can take us further away from the
② The Briefest History of Films and Film Genres important goals we really care about, which may
③ Children's Film Need to Stay Just for Children require complicated metrics or be extremely difficult,
④ Genre Movies and Their Impact on Box Office or perhaps impossible, to reduce to any measure.
Sales And when we have imperfect or bad proxies, we can
⑤✔ Universal Appeal of Children's Films: To a easily fall under the illusion that we are solving for a
Broader Audience good end without actually making genuine progress
정답 : ⑤ '어린이 영화가 단지 어린이들을 위한 것이 아니라 모든 연 toward a worthy solution. The problem of proxies
령대의 관객들에게 영향을 주고, 그 소비 현실이 어린이 문화를 중심으 results in technologists frequently substituting what is
로 현대 대중 문화에 자리잡고 있음'을 설명하는 내용의 글이므로, 글
의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은 ⑤ '어린이 영화의 보편적 매력: 더 넓 measurable for what is meaningful. As the saying
은 관객으로'이다. goes, “Not everything that counts can be counted,
and not everything that can be counted counts.”
11. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[33] * metric: 측정 기준
Beethoven’s drive to create something novel is a ① The Importance of Not Overlooking Quantifiable
reflection of his state of curiosity. Our brains Components
experience a sense of reward when we create ②✔ The Pitfalls of Proxies: Too Much Focus on
something new in the process of exploring What Can Be Measured
something uncertain, such as a musical phrase that ③ The Relationship between Measurable Data and
we’ve never played or heard before. When our Ongoing Advancement
curiosity leads to something novel, the resulting ④ The Importance of Overlooking Quantifiable
reward brings us a sense of pleasure. A number of Components in Assessments
investigators have modeled how curiosity influences ⑤ The Persistent Clash between Technicians and
musical composition. In the case of Beethoven, Social Scientists over the Use of Proxies
computer modeling focused on the thirty-­two piano
정답 : ② ‘기술자들이 정량화 가능한 프록시에 의존함으로써 실제 중
sonatas written after age thirteen revealed that the 요한 목표에서 멀어지고, 진정한 진전을 이루지 못하는 문제가 발생한
musical patterns found in all of Beethoven’s music 다’는 내용의 글이므로 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은 ② ‘프록시의
함정: 측정할 수 있는 것에 너무 많은 집중’이다.
decreased in later sonatas, while novel patterns,
including patterns that were unique to a particular 13. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[35]
sonata, increased. In other words, Beethoven’s We are the only species that seasons its food,
music became less predictable over time as his deliberately altering it with the highly flavored plant
curiosity drove the exploration of new musical ideas. parts we call herbs and spices. It’s quite possible
① Why Beethoven's Music Is Great that our taste for spices has an evolutionary root.
② Change: Prerequisites for Survival Many spices have antibacterial properties — in fact,
③ The Influence of Music on Our Creativity common seasonings such as garlic, onion, and
④ The Relationship between Creativity and Musicality oregano inhibit the growth of almost every
⑤✔ Curiosity, the Driving Force Behind Human bacterium tested. And the cultures that make the
Creativity heaviest use of spices — think of the garlic and
정답 : ⑤ 호기심이 인간 창의성의 강력한 원동력이라는 것을 베토벤 black pepper of Thai food, the ginger and coriander
의 예를 통해 설명하는 글이므로, 제목으로 ⑤ '인간 창의성의 원동력
인 호기심'이 가장 적절하다. [오답 해석] ① 베토벤 음악이 위대한 이 of India, the chili peppers of Mexico — come from
유 ② 변화: 생존을 위한 필수 조건 ③ 음악이 우리의 창의성에 미치는 warmer climates, where bacterial spoilage is a bigger
영향 ④ 창의성과 음악성의 관계 [본문변형] 문제 출제를 위해 제일 마
지막 문장을 삭제함
issue. In contrast, the most lightly spiced cuisines —
those of Scandinavia and northern Europe — are

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from cooler climates. Our uniquely human attention

to flavor, in this case the flavor of spices, turns out - 80 -
to have arisen as a matter of life and death.
① how humans first found spices In order to bring the ever-increasing costs of home
② the manufacturing of artificial spices care for elderly and needy persons under control,
③ the unique flavor of human food managers of home care providers have introduced
④ using spices as a medical treatment management systems. These systems specify tasks of
⑤✔ the reason humans have used spices home care workers and the time and budget
정답 : ⑤ '인간의 요리에 향신료를 사용하는 것은 향신료의 항균 특성 available to perform these tasks. Electronic reporting
으로 인해 발생했으며, 다양한 기후와 박테리아 부패 문제에 대한 대응 systems require home care workers to report on
으로서 발전했다'는 내용의 글이므로, 주제로는 ⑤ '인류가 향신료를 사
용한 이유'가 적절하다. ① 인간이 처음으로 향신료를 발견한 방법 ② their activities and the time spent, thus making the
인공 향신료의 제조 ③ 인간 음식의 독특한 맛 ④ 의료 치료로서 향신 distribution of time and money visible and, in the
료의 사용
perception of managers, controllable. This, in the
view of managers, has contributed to the resolution
14. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[36]
of the problem. The home care workers, on the
Development of the human body from a single cell
other hand, may perceive their work not as a set of
provides many examples of the structural richness
separate tasks to be performed as efficiently as
that is possible when the repeated production of
possible, but as a service to be provided to a client
random variation is combined with nonrandom
with whom they may have developed a relationship.
selection. All phases of body development from
This includes having conversations with clients and
embryo to adult exhibit random activities at the
enquiring about the person’s well­-being. Restricted
cellular level, and body formation depends on the
time and the requirement to report may be
new possibilities generated by these activities
perceived as obstacles that make it impossible to
coupled with selection of those outcomes that satisfy
deliver the service that is needed. If the management
previously built­-in criteria. Always new structure is
systems are too rigid, this may result in home care
based on old structure, and at every stage selection
workers becoming overloaded and demotivated.
favors some cells and eliminates others. The survivors
① Birth of Home Care: A Nursing for the Elderly
serve to produce new cells that undergo further
② We Can Manage Our Time and Money in
rounds of selection. Except in the immune system,
Eldercare
cells and extensions of cells are not genetically
③ Why Reporting Systems Are Essential for
selected during development, but rather, are
Managers
positionally selected. Those in the right place that
④✔ Management Systems in Home Care: Pros and
make the right connections are stimulated, and those
Cons
that don’t are eliminated. This process is much like
⑤ The Proper Use of Time and Budget in Home
sculpting. A natural consequence of the strategy is
Care Provision
great variability from individual to individual at the
정답 : ④ 노인과 빈곤층을 위한 재택 간호의 증가하는 비용 문제를
cell and molecular levels, even though large-­scale
해결하기 위해 관리 시스템을 도입하여 관리자의 관점에서는 문제 해
structures are quite similar. 결에 기여를 하였으나 근로자의 관점에서는 과중되고 의욕저하가 될
① Sculpting: How Artists Understand Life 수 있다고 언급하고 있으므로 이글의 제목으로는 ④ '홈케어 관리 시스
템의 장단점'이 가장 적절하다.
② Variability: The Only Strategy for Cell Survival
③ The Immune System and the Expansion of Cells 16. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[38]
④ The Importance of Cells in Physical Development It is a common assumption that most vagrant birds
⑤✔ Development with Random Variation and are ultimately doomed, aside from the rare cases
Nonrandom Selection where individuals are able to reorientate and return
정답 : ⑤ 무작위적인 변이와 비무작위적인 선택을 통해 인체가 발달 to their normal ranges. In turn, it is also commonly
한다는 내용의 글이므로, 제목으로 ⑤ '무작위 변동과 비무작위 선택을
이용한 발달'가 가장 적절하다. [오답 해석] ① 조각하기: 예술가들이 생 assumed that vagrancy itself is a relatively
명을 이해하는 방법 ② 변이성: 세포의 생존을 위한 유일한 전략 ③ 면 unimportant biological phenomenon. This is
역계와 세포의 확장 ④ 신체 발달에서 세포의 중요성
undoubtedly true for the majority of cases, as the
most likely outcome of any given vagrancy event is
15. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[37]
that the individual will fail to find enough resources,

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and/or be exposed to inhospitable environmental ④ the difficulty of distinguishing fact from opinion
conditions, and perish. However, there are many lines ⑤✔ limitations of unearned intuition in today’s
of evidence to suggest that vagrancy can, on rare society
occasions, dramatically alter the fate of populations, 정답 : ⑤ 이 글은 직관은 전문가들이 수천 시간을 학습과 경험에 투
species or even whole ecosystems. Despite being 자하여 얻어진 것 처럼 많은 시간과 노력이 필요하다는 글이다. 글의
중반 대부분의 사람들이 뒷받침하는 지식의 실체 없이 소셜미디어 상
infrequent, these events can be extremely important 에서 인공지능 덕분에 착각속에 개인적 필터 버블에 강화될 수 있다고
when viewed at the timescales over which ecological 하였으므로, 글의 주제로 적절한 것은 ⑤ '오늘날 사회에서 노력을 통
하여 얻은게 아닌 직관의 한계'이다.
and evolutionary processes unfold. The most
profound consequences of vagrancy relate to the
18. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[40]
establishment of new breeding sites, new migration
The fast­-growing, tremendous amount of data,
routes and wintering locations. Each of these can
collected and stored in large and numerous data
occur through different mechanisms, and at different
repositories, has far exceeded our human ability for
frequencies, and they each have their own unique
understanding without powerful tools. As a result,
importance.
data collected in large data repositories become
① The Mystery of Birds’ Natural Behavior
“data tombs” — data archives that are hardly visited.
②✔ The Rare But Vital Impacts of Birds’ Vagrancy
Important decisions are often made based not on
③ Significance of a New Mechanism for Bird
the information–rich data stored in data repositories
Migration
but rather on a decision maker’s instinct, simply
④ Trends and Characteristics of Vagrancy in
because the decision maker does not have the tools
Migratory Birds
to extract the valuable knowledge hidden in the vast
⑤ What Is the Relationships Between Birds and Their
amounts of data. Efforts have been made to develop
Habitats?
expert system and knowledge-­based technologies,
정답 : ② 무리에서 떨어져 해매는 새가 일반적으로는 죽을 운명이지
which typically rely on users or domain experts
만, 드문 경우에 개체 수, 종, 생태계의 운명을 바꿀 수 있어서, 결국 새
로운 번식지, 새로운 이동 경로 및 월동 장소의 확보 등에 매우 중요한 to manually input knowledge into knowledge bases.
영향을 끼친다는 내용의 글이므로, 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은 ② However, this procedure is likely to cause biases and
'새가 무리에서 떨어져 헤매는 것의 희귀하지만 중요한 영향'이다.
errors and is extremely costly and time consuming.
17. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[39] The widening gap between data and information
Intuition can be great, but it ought to be calls for the systematic development of tools that
hard-­earned. Experts, for example, are able to think can turn data tombs into “golden nuggets” of
on their feet because they’ve invested thousands of knowledge.
hours in learning and practice: their intuition has * repository: 저장소 ** golden nugget: 금괴
become data-driven. Only then are they able to act ① the difficulty of distinguishing data from
quickly in accordance with their internalized expertise information
and evidence-based experience. Yet most people are ② the effects of data collection on human
not experts, though they often think they are. Most decision-making
of us, especially when we interact with others on ③ advantages of collecting and storing large
social media, act with expert-­like speed and amounts of data
conviction, offering a wide range of opinions on ④ errors arising from the misapplication of data
global crises, without the substance of knowledge analysis tools by novices
that supports it. And thanks to AI, which ensures ⑤✔ the need to develop tools to find valuable
that our messages are delivered to an audience knowledge in overflowing data
more inclined to believing it, our delusions of 정답 : ⑤ 데이터의 양이 빠르게 증가하고 있는 상황에서 인간이 수용
할 수 있는 양을 넘어서고, 수동으로 그중에 가치 있는 정보를 추출하
expertise can be reinforced by our personal filter 는 데에는 한계점이 존재하므로 도구의 체계적인 개발이 필요하다는
bubble. We have an interesting tendency to find 글이므로, 이 글의 주제로는 ⑤ '넘쳐나는 데이터 속에서 귀중한 지식
을 찾아내는 도구를 개발할 필요성'이 가장 적절하다. [오답풀이] ① 데
people more open-­minded, rational, and sensible
이터와 정보를 구별하는 어려움 ② 데이터 수집이 인간의 의사결정에
when they think just like us. 미치는 영향 ③ 많은 양의 데이터를 수집하고 저장하는 장점 ④ 초보
① the essential qualities of an expert 자가 데이터 분석 도구를 잘못 적용하여 발생하는 오류

② the growing influence of social media on AI

19. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[41-42]
③ the roles of intuition in building expertise
It’s untrue that teens can focus on two things at

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once — what they’re doing is shifting their attention

from one task to another. In this digital age, teens
wire their brains to make these shifts very quickly,
but they are still, like everyone else, paying attention
to one thing at a time, sequentially. Common sense
tells us multitasking should increase brain activity,
but Carnegie Mellon University scientists using the
latest brain imaging technology find it doesn’t. As a
matter of fact, they discovered that multitasking
actually decreases brain activity. Neither task is done
as well as if each were performed individually.
Fractions of a second are lost every time we make a
switch, and a person’s interrupted task can take 50
percent longer to finish, with 50 percent more errors.
Turns out the latest brain research supports the old
advice “one thing at a time.” It’s not that kids can’t
do some tasks simultaneously. But if two tasks are
performed at once, one of them has to be familiar.
Our brains perform a familiar task on “automatic
pilot” while really paying attention to the other one.
That’s why insurance companies consider talking on
a cell phone and driving to be as dangerous as
driving while drunk — it’s the driving that goes on
“automatic pilot” while the conversation really holds
our attention. Our kids may be living in the
Information Age but our brains have not been
redesigned yet.
① the advantage of performing tasks automatically
②✔ the myth of ability to multitask among
teenagers
③ ways to help teenagers build good habits of
focusing
④ the reasons why parents should teach kids to
multitask
⑤ the damage of information overload on teenagers’
brains
정답 : ② 이 글은 십대들이 동시에 두 가지 일에 집중할 수 있다는
것은 사실이 아니며, 그들이 하고 있는 것은 한 작업에서 다른 작업으
로 주의를 전환하는 것이라는 내용의 글이므로, 글의 주제로 가장 적절
한 것은 ② '십대들 사이에서 멀티태스킹 능력에 대한 잘못된 믿음'이
다.

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a decade ago.
STAGE 5 순서/삽입
* strap: 끈으로 묶다 ** autonomously: 자율적으로
1. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한
정답 : ④
것은? -(감,하)[20]
Too many times people, especially in today’s
3. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한
generation, expect things to just happen overnight.
것은? -(감)[22]
(A) Because this is a high tech society, everything we We tend to overrate the impact of new technologies
want has to be within the parameters of our comfort in part because older technologies have become
and convenience. If it doesn’t happen fast enough, absorbed into the furniture of our lives, so as to be
we’re tempted to lose interest. almost invisible.
(B) When we have these false expectations, it tends
(A) Potentially, therefore, it has huge implications for
to discourage us from continuing to move forward.
the management of time in everyday life, yet it is
(C) So many people don’t want to take the time it
entirely overlooked in discussions
requires to be successful. Success is not a matter of
of high-speed society.
mere desire; you should develop patience in order to
(B) Take the baby bottle. Here is a simple implement
achieve it. Have you fallen prey to impatience? Great
that has transformed a fundamental human
things take time to build.
experience for vast numbers of infants and mothers,
* parameter: 매개 변수, 제한
yet it finds no place in our histories of technology.
① (A) - (C) - (B)
(C) This technology might be thought of as a classic
②✔ (B) - (A) - (C)
time-shifting device, as it enables mothers to exercise
③ (B) - (C) - (A)
more control over the timing of feeding. It can also
④ (C) - (A) - (B)
function to save time, as bottle feeding allows for
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
someone else to substitute for the mother’s time.
정답 : ②
① (A) - (C) - (B)
② (B) - (A) - (C)
2. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
③✔ (B) - (C) - (A)
적절한 곳은? -(감)[21]
④ (C) - (A) - (B)
It is much the same story in medicine.
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
If you had wanted to create a “self-­driving” car in 정답 : ③
the 1950s, your best option might have been to
strap a brick to the accelerator. Yes, the vehicle 4. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한
would have been able to move forward on its own, 것은? -(감,하)[23]
but it could not slow down, stop, or turn to avoid Empathy is frequently listed as one of the most
barriers. Obviously not ideal. ( ① ) But does that desired skills in an employer or employee, although
mean the entire concept of the self-­driving car is without specifying exactly what is meant by empathy.
not worth pursuing? ( ② ) No, it only means that at Some businesses stress cognitive empathy,
the time we did not yet have the tools we now emphasizing the need for leaders to understand the
possess to help enable vehicles to operate both perspective of employees and customers when
autonomously and safely. ( ③ ) This once­-distant negotiating deals and making decisions.
dream now seems within our reach. ( ④ ) Two
(A) When some people speak of design
decades ago, we were still taping bricks to
with empathy, what that translates to is that
accelerators. ( ⑤ ) Today, we are approaching the
companies should take into account the specific
point where we can begin to bring some appropriate
needs of different populations — the blind, the deaf,
technology to bear in ways that advance our
the elderly, non-­English speakers, the color-­blind,
understanding of patients as unique individuals. In
and so on — when designing products.
fact, many patients are already wearing devices that
(B) In other words, an “empathic” company
monitor their conditions in real time, which allows
understands the needs and wants of its customers
doctors to talk to their patients in a specific, refined,
and seeks to fulfill those needs and wants.
and feedback­-driven way that was not even possible

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(C) Others stress affective empathy and empathic habits is to change behavior. This, more than values
concern, emphasizing the ability of leaders to gain and attitudes, is the part of personality that is
trust from employees and customers by treating easiest to change. ( ① ) Ingestive habits such as
them with real concern and compassion. When some smoking, drinking and various eating behaviors are
consultants argue that successful companies foster the most common health concerns targeted for
empathy, what that translates to is that companies behavioral changes. (②) Process-­addiction
should conduct good market research. behaviors (workaholism, shopaholism, and the like)
*empathy: 공감, 공감능력 **compassion 동정심 fall into this category as well. ( ③ ) Mental imagery
① (A) - (C) - (B) combined with power of suggestion was taken up as
② (B) - (A) - (C) the premise of behavioral medicine to help people
③ (B) - (C) - (A) change negative health behaviors into positive ones.
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ( ④ ) Although this technique alone will not produce
⑤✔ (C) - (B) - (A) changes, when used alongside other behavior
정답 : ⑤ modification tactics and coping strategies, behavioral
changes have proved effective for some people. ( ⑤
5. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 ) Repeated use of images reinforces the desired
것은? -(감,하)[24] behavior more strongly over time.
The most prevalent problem kids report is that they 정답 : ⑤
feel like they need to be accessible at all times.
7. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한
(A) Here’s how this behavior plays out sometimes:
것은? -(감)[30]
Your child texts one of his friends, and the friend
Emotion socialization — learning from other people
doesn’t text back right away. Now it’s easy for your
about emotions and how to deal with them — starts
child to think, “This person doesn’t want to be
early in life and plays a foundational role for
my friend anymore!”
emotion regulation development.
(B) So he texts again, and again, and again —
“blowing up their phone.” This can be (A) Parental practices at times when their children are
stress-inducing and even read as aggressive. But you faced with emotional challenges also impact emotion
can see how easily this could happen. regulation development. Whereas direct soothing and
(C) Because technology allows for it, they feel an directive guidance of what to do are beneficial for
obligation. It’s easy for most of us to relate — you younger children, they may intrude on adolescents’
probably feel the same pressure in your own life! It autonomy striving.
is really challenging to deal with the fact that we’re (B) In consequence, adolescents might pull away
human and can’t always respond instantly. For a teen from, rather than turn toward, their parents in times
or tween who’s still learning the ins and outs of emotional crisis, unless parental practices are
of social interactions, it’s even worse. adjusted. More suitable in adolescence is indirect
* tween: (10 ~ 12세 사이의) 십대 초반의 아동 support of autonomous emotion regulation, such as
① (A) - (C) - (B) through interest in, as well as awareness and
② (B) - (A) - (C) nonjudgmental acceptance of, adolescents’ emotional
③ (B) - (C) - (A) experiences, and being available when the adolescent
④✔ (C) - (A) - (B) wants to talk.
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) (C) Although extra-­familial influences, such as peers
정답 : ④ or media, gain in importance during adolescence,
parents remain the primary socialization agents. For
6. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 example, their own responses to emotional situations
적절한 곳은? -(감)[29] serve as a role model for emotion regulation,
What mental imagery does is reinforce a new increasing the likelihood that their children will show
desired behavior. similar reactions in comparable situations.
① (A) - (C) - (B)
For years, many psychologists have held strongly to
② (B) - (A) - (C)
the belief that the key to addressing negative health
③ (B) - (C) - (A)

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④✔ (C) - (A) - (B) and in 2014, German children’s films comprised

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) seven out of the top twenty films at the national
정답 : ④ box office.
(C) The term “children’s film” implies ownership by
8. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 children — their cinema — but films supposedly
것은? -(감)[31] made for children have always been consumed by
Dancers often push themselves to the limits of their audiences of all ages, particularly in commercial
physical capabilities. cinemas.
* subordinate: 하위의
(A) That may be impossible no matter how strong
① (A) - (C) - (B)
the dancer is. But a short-footed dancer may have
② (B) - (A) - (C)
no trouble! Another dancer may be struggling to
③ (B) - (C) - (A)
complete a half-turn in the air. Understanding the
④ (C) - (A) - (B)
connection between a rapid turn rate and the
⑤✔ (C) - (B) - (A)
alignment of the body close to the rotation axis tells
정답 : ⑤
her how to accomplish her turn successfully.
(B) But that push is misguided if it is directed toward
10. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한
accomplishing something physically impossible. For
것은? -(감)[33]
instance, a tall dancer with long feet may wish to
Beethoven’s drive to create something novel is a
perform repetitive vertical jumps to fast music,
reflection of his state of curiosity. Our brains
pointing his feet while in the air and lowering his
experience a sense of reward when we create
heels to the floor between jumps.
something new in the process of exploring
(C) In both of these cases, understanding and
something uncertain, such as a musical phrase that
working within the constraints imposed by nature
we’ve never played or heard before.
and described by physical laws allows dancers to
work efficiently, minimizing potential risk of injury. (A) In other words, Beethoven’s music became less
*alignment: 정렬 **rotation axis: 회전축 predictable over time as his curiosity drove the
① (A) - (C) - (B) exploration of new musical ideas. Curiosity is a
②✔ (B) - (A) - (C) powerful driver of human creativity.
③ (B) - (C) - (A) (B) In the case of Beethoven, computer modeling
④ (C) - (A) - (B) focused on the thirty-­two piano sonatas written
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) after age thirteen revealed that the musical patterns
정답 : ② found in all of Beethoven’s music decreased in later
sonatas, while novel patterns, including patterns that
9. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 were unique to a particular sonata, increased.
것은? -(감)[32] (C) When our curiosity leads to something novel, the
We must explore the relationship between children’s resulting reward brings us a sense of pleasure. A
film production and consumption habits. number of investigators have modeled how curiosity
influences musical composition.
(A) This phenomenon corresponds with a broader,
① (A) - (C) - (B)
international embrace of what is seemingly children’s
② (B) - (A) - (C)
culture among audiences of diverse ages. The old
③ (B) - (C) - (A)
prejudice that children’s film is some other realm,
④ (C) - (A) - (B)
separate from (and forever subordinate to) a more
⑤✔ (C) - (B) - (A)
legitimate cinema for adults is not supported by the
정답 : ⑤
realities of consumption: children’s film is at the
heart of contemporary popular culture.
11. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한
(B) The considerable crossover in audience
것은? -(감)[34]
composition for children’s films can be shown by the
Technologists are always on the lookout for
fact that, in 2007, eleven Danish children’s and youth
quantifiable metrics. Measurable inputs to a model
films attracted 59 percent of theatrical admissions,
are their lifeblood, and like a social scientist, a

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technologist needs to identify concrete measures, or Those in the right place that make the right
“proxies,” for assessing progress. connections are stimulated, and those that don’t are
eliminated.
(A) This need for quantifiable proxies produces a bias
toward measuring things that are easy to quantify.
But simple metrics can take us further away from Development of the human body from a single cell
the important goals we really care about, which may provides many examples of the structural richness
require complicated metrics or be extremely difficult, that is possible when the repeated production of
or perhaps impossible, to reduce to any measure. random variation is combined with nonrandom
(B) The problem of proxies results in technologists selection. All phases of body development from
frequently substituting what is measurable for what is embryo to adult exhibit random activities at the
meaningful. As the saying goes, “Not everything that cellular level, and body formation depends on the
counts can be counted, and not everything that can new possibilities generated by these activities
be counted counts.” coupled with selection of those outcomes that satisfy
(C) And when we have imperfect or bad proxies, we previously built-­in criteria. ( ① ) Always new
can easily fall under the illusion that we are solving structure is based on old structure, and at every
for a good end without actually making genuine stage selection favors some cells and eliminates
progress toward a worthy solution. others. ( ② ) The survivors serve to produce new
* metric: 측정 기준 cells that undergo further rounds of selection. ( ③
①✔ (A) - (C) - (B) ) Except in the immune system, cells and extensions
② (B) - (A) - (C) of cells are not genetically selected during
③ (B) - (C) - (A) development, but rather, are positionally selected. (
④ (C) - (A) - (B) ④ ) This process is much like sculpting. ( ⑤ ) A
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) natural consequence of the strategy is great
정답 : ① variability from individual to individual at the cell and
molecular levels, even though large­-scale structures
12. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가 are quite similar.
장 적절한 곳은? -(감)[35] 정답 : ④ 삽입문의 the right place라는 표현이 ③번 문자에 언급된
In contrast, the most lightly spiced cuisines — those 'positionally selected'에 대한 설명이므로, 그 뒤인 ④에 들어가는 것이
글의 흐름으로 보아 가장 적절하다.
of Scandinavia and northern Europe — are from
cooler climates.
14. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가
We are the only species that seasons its food, 장 적절한 곳은? -(감)[37]
deliberately altering it with the highly flavored plant This, in the view of managers, has contributed to the
parts we call herbs and spices. ( ① ) It’s quite resolution of the problem.
possible that our taste for spices has an evolutionary
In order to bring the ever-increasing costs of home
root. ( ② ) Many spices have antibacterial properties
care for elderly and needy persons under control,
— in fact, common seasonings such as garlic, onion,
managers of home care providers have introduced
and oregano inhibit the growth of almost every
management systems. These systems specify tasks of
bacterium tested. ( ③ ) And the cultures that make
home care workers and the time and budget
the heaviest use of spices — think of the garlic and
available to perform these tasks. ( ① ) Electronic
black pepper of Thai food, the ginger and coriander
reporting systems require home care workers to
of India, the chili peppers of Mexico — come from
report on their activities and the time spent, thus
warmer climates, where bacterial spoilage is a bigger
making the distribution of time and money visible
issue. ( ④ ) Our uniquely human attention to flavor,
and, in the perception of managers, controllable. ( ②
in this case the flavor of spices, turns out to have
) The home care workers, on the other hand, may
arisen as a matter of life and death. ( ⑤ )
perceive their work not as a set of separate tasks to
정답 : ④ be performed as efficiently as possible, but as a
service to be provided to a client with whom they
13. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가
may have developed a relationship. ( ③ ) This
장 적절한 곳은? -(감)[36]
includes having conversations with clients and

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enquiring about the person’s well­-being. ( ④ to believing it, our delusions of expertise can be
) Restricted time and the requirement to report may reinforced by our personal filter bubble. We have an
be perceived as obstacles that make it impossible to interesting tendency to find people more
deliver the service that is needed. ( ⑤ ) If the open­-minded, rational, and sensible when they think
management systems are too rigid, this may result in just like us.
home care workers becoming overloaded and (C) Experts, for example, are able to think on their
demotivated. feet because they’ve invested thousands of hours in
정답 : ② learning and practice: their intuition has
become data-driven. Only then are they able to act
15. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가 quickly in accordance with their internalized expertise
장 적절한 곳은? -(감)[38] and evidence-­based experience.
The most profound consequences of vagrancy relate ① (A) - (C) - (B)
to the establishment of new breeding sites, new ② (B) - (A) - (C)
migration routes and wintering locations. ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
④✔ (C) - (A) - (B)
It is a common assumption that most vagrant birds
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
are ultimately doomed, aside from the rare cases
정답 : ④ 직관은 탁월할 수 있지만, 힘들여 얻은 것이어야 한다는 보
where individuals are able to reorientate and return 기 문장 다음으로 전문가를 예시로 들어 설명하는 (C)가 온 후 대부분
to their normal ranges. ( ① ) In turn, it is also 의 사람들이 스스로를 전문가라고 착각하는 내용의 (A)가 온 후 AI로
인해 전문지식에 대한 착각이 강화된다는 내용의 (B)로 오는 것이 적절
commonly assumed that vagrancy itself is a relatively
하다.
unimportant biological phenomenon. ( ② ) This is
undoubtedly true for the majority of cases, as the 17. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한
most likely outcome of any given vagrancy event is 것은? -(감,하)[39]
that the individual will fail to find enough resources, Intuition can be great, but it ought to be
and/or be exposed to inhospitable environmental hard­-earned.
conditions, and perish. ( ③ ) However, there are
many lines of evidence to suggest that vagrancy can,
on rare occasions, dramatically alter the fate of (A) Yet most people are not experts, though they
populations, species or even whole ecosystems. ( ④ often think they are. Most of us, especially when we
) Despite being infrequent, these events can be interact with others on social media, act with
extremely important when viewed at the timescales expert­-like speed and conviction, offering a wide
over which ecological and evolutionary processes range of opinions on global crises, without the
unfold. ( ⑤ ) Each of these can occur through substance of knowledge that supports it.
different mechanisms, and at different frequencies, (B) And thanks to AI, which ensures that our
and they each have their own unique importance. messages are delivered to an audience more inclined
to believing it, our delusions of expertise can be
정답 : ⑤
reinforced by our personal filter bubble. We have an
16. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 interesting tendency to find people more
것은? -(감,하)[39] open­-minded, rational, and sensible when they think
Intuition can be great, but it ought to be just like us.
hard­-earned. (C) Experts, for example, are able to think on their
feet because they’ve invested thousands of hours in
learning and practice: their intuition has
(A) Yet most people are not experts, though they become data-driven. Only then are they able to act
often think they are. Most of us, especially when we quickly in accordance with their internalized expertise
interact with others on social media, act with and evidence-­based experience.
expert­-like speed and conviction, offering a wide ① (A) - (C) - (B)
range of opinions on global crises, without the ② (B) - (A) - (C)
substance of knowledge that supports it. ③ (B) - (C) - (A)
(B) And thanks to AI, which ensures that our ④✔ (C) - (A) - (B)
messages are delivered to an audience more inclined ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

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정답 : ④ 직관은 탁월할 수 있지만, 힘들여 얻은 것이어야 한다는 보

기 문장 다음으로 전문가를 예시로 들어 설명하는 (C)가 온 후 대부분
의 사람들이 스스로를 전문가라고 착각하는 내용의 (A)가 온 후 AI로
인해 전문지식에 대한 착각이 강화된다는 내용의 (B)로 오는 것이 적절
하다.

18. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가

장 적절한 곳은? -(감)[41-42]
But if two tasks are performed at once, one of them
has to be familiar.

It’s untrue that teens can focus on two things at

once — what they’re doing is shifting their attention
from one task to another. In this digital age, teens
wire their brains to make these shifts very quickly,
but they are still, like everyone else, paying attention
to one thing at a time, sequentially. Common sense
tells us multitasking should increase brain activity,
but Carnegie Mellon University scientists using the
latest brain imaging technology find it doesn’t. As a
matter of fact, they discovered that multitasking
actually decreases brain activity. Neither task is done
as well as if each were performed individually. ( ① )
Fractions of a second are lost every time we make a
switch, and a person’s interrupted task can take 50
percent longer to finish, with 50 percent more errors.
( ② ) Turns out the latest brain research supports
the old advice “one thing at a time.” It’s not that
kids can’t do some tasks simultaneously. ( ③ ) Our
brains perform a familiar task on “automatic pilot”
while really paying attention to the other one. ( ④ )
That’s why insurance companies consider talking on
a cell phone and driving to be as dangerous as
driving while drunk — it’s the driving that goes on
“automatic pilot” while the conversation really holds
our attention. ( ⑤ ) Our kids may be living in the
Information Age but our brains have not been
redesigned yet.
정답 : ③

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technology to bear in ways that advance our

STAGE 6 요약/기타 understanding of patients as unique individuals. In
fact, many patients are already wearing devices that
1. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
monitor their conditions in real time, which allows
칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? -
doctors to talk to their patients in a specific, refined,
(감)[20]
and feedback­-driven way that was not even possible
Too many times people, especially in today’s
a decade ago.
generation, expect things to just happen overnight.
* strap: 끈으로 묶다 ** autonomously: 자율적으로
When we have these false expectations, it tends to
Historically, both in the fields of transportation and
discourage us from continuing to move forward.
medicine, early attempts at innovation were (A)
Because this is a high tech society, everything we
, but recent advancements have (B) the
want has to be within the parameters of our comfort
potential for individualized care and autonomy.
and convenience. If it doesn’t happen fast enough,
① complex - simplified
we’re tempted to lose interest. So many people
② basic - reduced
don’t want to take the time it requires to be
③✔ primitive - enhanced
successful. Success is not a matter of mere desire;
④ simple - narrowed
you should develop patience in order to achieve it.
⑤ innovative - expanded
Have you fallen prey to impatience? Great things
정답 : ③ '역사적으로, 교통 및 의학 분야에서 초기 혁신 시도는 (A)
take time to build. [원시적]이었지만, 최근의 발전은 개별화된 치료와 자율성의 잠재력을
* parameter: 매개 변수, 제한 (B) [강화해]왔다'라고 요약할 수 있다. *어휘; innovative 혁신적인,
In our high-speed society, people’s (A) attitudes simplify 단순화하다, narrow 좁히다, expand 확장시키다.

can stop them from realizing their dreams because

3. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
they think success should be attainable (B) .
칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? -
(감)[22]
①✔ impatient - instantaneously
We tend to overrate the impact of new technologies
② impatient - gradually
in part because older technologies have become
③ competitive - unexpectedly
absorbed into the furniture of our lives, so as to be
④ competitive - inevitablely
almost invisible. Take the baby bottle. Here is a
⑤ independent - permanently
simple implement that has transformed a
정답 : ① [요약문] 우리의 초고속 사회에서 사람들의 A (조급한) 태도
는 그들이 꿈을 실현하는 것을 막을 수 있다 왜냐하면 사람들은 성공
fundamental human experience for vast numbers of
은 B (즉각적으로) 얻을 수 있어야 한다고 생각하기 때문이다. infants and mothers, yet it finds no place in our
histories of technology. This technology might be
2. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈 thought of as a classic time-shifting device, as it
칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? - enables mothers to exercise more control over the
(감)[21] timing of feeding. It can also function to save time,
If you had wanted to create a “self-­driving” car in as bottle feeding allows for someone else to
the 1950s, your best option might have been to substitute for the mother’s time. Potentially,
strap a brick to the accelerator. Yes, the vehicle therefore, it has huge implications for the
would have been able to move forward on its own, management of time in everyday life, yet it is
but it could not slow down, stop, or turn to avoid entirely overlooked in discussions of high-speed
barriers. Obviously not ideal. But does that mean society.
the entire concept of the self-­driving car is not The baby bottle is a(n) (A) technology that
worth pursuing? No, it only means that at the time has (B) both infants and mothers but is often
we did not yet have the tools we now possess to overlooked.
help enable vehicles to operate both autonomously ① novel - benefited
and safely. This once­-distant dream now seems ② outdated - changed
within our reach. It is much the same story in ③ simple - ignored
medicine. Two decades ago, we were still taping ④✔ transformative - impacted
bricks to accelerators. Today, we are approaching the ⑤ promising - assisted
point where we can begin to bring some appropriate 정답 : ④ '아기 젖병은 많은 영아와 어머니에게 (B) [영향을 미친] (A)

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[변혁적] 기술이지만 종종 간과된다'라고 요약할 수 있다. [어휘] is really challenging to deal with the fact that we’re
outdated 구식의, promising 전망이 있는, assist 돕다
human and can’t always respond instantly. For a teen
or tween who’s still learning the ins and outs
4. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
of social interactions, it’s even worse. Here’s how this
칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? -
behavior plays out sometimes: Your child texts one
(감)[23]
of his friends, and the friend doesn’t text back right
Empathy is frequently listed as one of the most
away. Now it’s easy for your child to think, “This
desired skills in an employer or employee, although
person doesn’t want to be my friend anymore!” So
without specifying exactly what is meant by empathy.
he texts again, and again, and again — “blowing up
Some businesses stress cognitive empathy,
their phone.” This can be stress-­inducing and even
emphasizing the need for leaders to understand the
read as aggressive. But you can see how easily
perspective of employees and customers when
this could happen.
negotiating deals and making decisions. Others stress
* tween: (10 ~ 12세 사이의) 십대 초반의 아동
affective empathy and empathic concern, emphasizing
Kids often feel (A) to be accessible at all times
the ability of leaders to gain trust from employees
because of technology, which can lead to them
and customers by treating them with real
feeling (B) when others don’t respond right
concern and compassion. When some consultants
away.
argue that successful companies foster empathy, what
① relieved - excited
that translates to is that companies should conduct
②✔ compelled - anxious
good market research. In other words, an “empathic”
③ driven - comfortable
company understands the needs and wants of its
④ obligated - tired
customers and seeks to fulfill those needs and wants.
⑤ motivated - embarrassed
When some people speak of design with empathy,
what that translates to is that companies should take 정답 : ② 이 글은 아이들이 기술의 발달로 인해 항상 접근가능할 수
있어야 한다고 (A)압박감을 느끼고(compelled 또는 obligated) 있고, 이
into account the specific needs of different 는 남들이 곧바로 반응하지 않을때 그들로 하여금 (B)불암감을 느끼게
populations — the blind, the deaf, the elderly, (anxious) 만들 수 있다는 내용으로 요약할 수 있다.

non-­English speakers, the color­-blind, and so on —

when designing products. 6. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
*empathy: 공감, 공감능력 **compassion 동정심 칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? -
(감)[29]
What empathy means in a business environment is For years, many psychologists have held strongly to
(A) , but the meaning of empathy can (B) the belief that the key to addressing negative health
depending on the focus of the business or service habits is to change behavior. This, more than values
they provide. and attitudes, is the part of personality that is
①✔ unclear - change easiest to change. Ingestive habits such as smoking,
② unclear - converge drinking and various eating behaviors are the most
③ identical - vary common health concerns targeted for behavioral
④ identical - change changes. Process-addiction behaviors (workaholism,
⑤ ambiguous - converge shopaholism, and the like) fall into this category as
well. Mental imagery combined with power of
정답 : ① 비지니스 환경에서 공감이 의미하는 것이 불분명(A)하지만,
공감의 의미는 그들이 제공하는 비즈니스 또는 서비스의 초점에 따라 suggestion was taken up as the premise of
달라질 수(B) 있습니다. behavioral medicine to help people change negative
health behaviors into positive ones. Although this
5. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈 technique alone will not produce changes, when
칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감, used alongside other behavior modification tactics
하)[24] and coping strategies, behavioral changes have
The most prevalent problem kids report is that they proved effective for some people. What mental
feel like they need to be accessible at all times. imagery does is reinforce a new desired behavior.
Because technology allows for it, they feel an Repeated use of images reinforces the desired
obligation. It’s easy for most of us to relate — you behavior more strongly over time.
probably feel the same pressure in your own life! It Psychologists emphasize changing behavior over

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(A) to address negative health habits, using ④ processing - certainty

mental imagery alongside behavior modification ⑤ suppression - freedom
tactics to (B) desired behaviors effectively. 정답 : ① '부모는 어린 시절부터 감정 (A) [조절]을 가르치는데 중요한
① perspectives - advertise 역할을 하지만, 청소년기에는 자녀들의 (B) [자율성]에 대한 필요성을
존중하기 위해 전략을 변경해야 한다.'라고 요약할 수 있다. [어휘]
② confidence - encourage suppression 억압, affection 애정, certainty 확실성
③✔ attitudes - reinforce
④ insight - support 8. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
⑤ aptitudes - introduce 칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? -
정답 : ③ '많은 심리학자들 부정적인 건강습관을 해결하기 위해 행동 (감)[31]
수정 및 대처 전략과 함께 정신적 이미지와 같은 기술을 통해 변화하 Dancers often push themselves to the limits of their
는 행동, 특히 섭취 및 과정 중독 습관을 강조하고 있다'는 내용의 글
이므로, 요약문으로는 ③ '심리학자들은 부정적인 건강 습관을 해결하 physical capabilities. But that push is misguided if it
기 위해 (A)태도보다 행동 변화를 강조하며, 행동 수정 전략과 함께 정 is directed toward accomplishing something physically
신적 이미지를 사용하여 원하는 행동을 효과적으로 (B)강화한다.'가 적
절하다. ① 관점 - 광고한다 ② 자신감 - 격려한다 ④ 통찰력 - 지탱한
impossible. For instance, a tall dancer with long feet
다 ⑤ 적성 - 소개한다 may wish to perform repetitive vertical jumps to fast
music, pointing his feet while in the air and lowering
7. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈 his heels to the floor between jumps. That may be
칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? - impossible no matter how strong the dancer is. But
(감)[30] a short-footed dancer may have no trouble! Another
Emotion socialization — learning from other people dancer may be struggling to complete a half-turn in
about emotions and how to deal with them — starts the air. Understanding the connection between a
early in life and plays a foundational role for rapid turn rate and the alignment of the body close
emotion regulation development. Although to the rotation axis tells her how to accomplish her
extra-­familial influences, such as peers or media, turn successfully. In both of these cases,
gain in importance during adolescence, parents understanding and working within the constraints
remain the primary socialization agents. For example, imposed by nature and described by physical laws
their own responses to emotional situations serve as allows dancers to work efficiently, minimizing
a role model for emotion regulation, increasing the potential risk of injury.
likelihood that their children will show similar While dancers often (A) their physical limits,
reactions in comparable situations. Parental practices recognizing and working within natural (B) can
at times when their children are faced with prevent injuries and enhance performance.
emotional challenges also impact emotion regulation ① redefine - norms
development. Whereas direct soothing and directive ② minimize - advantages
guidance of what to do are beneficial for younger ③ misunderstand - opportunities
children, they may intrude on adolescents’ autonomy ④ ignore - postures
striving. In consequence, adolescents might pull away ⑤✔ challenge - constraints
from, rather than turn toward, their parents in times
정답 : ⑤ '무용수들이 종종 자신의 신체적 한계에 (A) [도전하지만],
of emotional crisis, unless parental practices are 자연적인 (B) [제약 범위]를 인식하고 그 안에서 작업하는 것이 부상을
adjusted. More suitable in adolescence is indirect 예방하고 수행을 개선할 수 있다.'라고 요약할 수 있다. [어휘] redefine
재규정하다, posture 자세
support of autonomous emotion regulation, such as
through interest in, as well as awareness and 9. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
nonjudgmental acceptance of, adolescents’ emotional 칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? -
experiences, and being available when the adolescent (감)[32]
wants to talk. We must explore the relationship between children’s
From early childhood, parents are key in teaching film production and consumption habits. The term
emotion (A) , yet during adolescence, they must “children’s film” implies ownership by children —
shift their strategies to respect their children's need their cinema — but films supposedly made for
for (B) . children have always been consumed by audiences of
①✔ regulation - autonomy all ages, particularly in commercial cinemas. The
② expression - affection considerable crossover in audience composition for
③ control - safety children’s films can be shown by the fact that, in

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2007, eleven Danish children’s and youth films (B) on the exploration of new ideas.
attracted 59 percent of theatrical admissions, and in ① rise - self-realization
2014, German children’s films comprised seven out of ② decline - pleasure
the top twenty films at the national box office. This ③ increase - competition
phenomenon corresponds with a broader, ④✔ decrease - curiosity
international embrace of what is seemingly children’s ⑤ reduction - boredom
culture among audiences of diverse ages. The old 정답 : ④ 이 글은 '베토벤의 음악의 발전은 반복적인 패턴의 (A) [감
prejudice that children’s film is some other realm, 소]로 나타내어지며, 이는 새로운 아이디어 탐색에 미치는 (B) [호기심]
의 영향을 강조한다.'라고 요약할 수 있다. [어휘] self-realization 자기실
separate from (and forever subordinate to) a more 현, competition 경쟁, boredom 지루함
legitimate cinema for adults is not supported by the
realities of consumption: children’s film is at the 11. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
heart of contemporary popular culture. 칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? -
The term 'children’s film' may suggest (A) for (감)[34]
young audiences, yet their consistent popularity with Technologists are always on the lookout for
all ages points to their (B) place in the film quantifiable metrics. Measurable inputs to a model
industry. are their lifeblood, and like a social scientist, a
① novelty - central technologist needs to identify concrete measures, or
②✔ exclusivity - integral “proxies,” for assessing progress. This need for
③ entrtainment - secondary quantifiable proxies produces a bias toward
④ misconceptions - dominant measuring things that are easy to quantify. But
⑤ diversification - marginal simple metrics can take us further away from the
정답 : ② '어린이 영화라는 용어는 젊은 관객들에게 (A) [배타성]을 시 important goals we really care about, which may
사할 수 있지만, 모든 연령층에서의 꾸준한 인기는 영화 산업에서 아동 require complicated metrics or be extremely difficult,
영화의 (B) [필수적인] (꼭 필요한 구성 요소로서의) 위치를 나타낸다.'와
같이 요약할 수 있다. [어휘] novelty 참신함, diversification 다양화, or perhaps impossible, to reduce to any measure.
secondary 부차적인, dominant 지배적인, marginal 미미한 And when we have imperfect or bad proxies, we can
easily fall under the illusion that we are solving for a
10. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈 good end without actually making genuine progress
칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? - toward a worthy solution. The problem of proxies
(감)[33] results in technologists frequently substituting what is
Beethoven’s drive to create something novel is a measurable for what is meaningful. As the saying
reflection of his state of curiosity. Our brains goes, “Not everything that counts can be counted,
experience a sense of reward when we create and not everything that can be counted counts.”
something new in the process of exploring Problematically, the pursuit of quantifiable metrics in
something uncertain, such as a musical phrase that technology can (A) the importance of
we’ve never played or heard before. When our addressing more complex or meaningful goals that
curiosity leads to something novel, the resulting are harder to (B) .
reward brings us a sense of pleasure. A number of ① maximize - evaluate
investigators have modeled how curiosity influences ② increase - ignore
musical composition. In the case of Beethoven, ③ diminish - understand
computer modeling focused on the thirty-­two piano ④ highlight - qualify
sonatas written after age thirteen revealed that the ⑤✔ overshadow - measure
musical patterns found in all of Beethoven’s music
정답 : ⑤ '문제가 되는 것은, 기술에서 수량 가능한 측정 기준을 추구
decreased in later sonatas, while novel patterns, 하는 것이, 더 복잡하고 의미 있는 목표를 다루는 일의 중요성에 (A)
including patterns that were unique to a particular [그늘을 드리울] 수 있는데, 이러한 복잡하고 의미 있는 목표들은 (B)
[측정하는 것]이 더 어렵다.'라고 요약할 수 있다. [어휘] diminish 감소
sonata, increased. In other words, Beethoven’s 시키다, qualify 자격을 인정하다
music became less predictable over time as his
curiosity drove the exploration of new musical ideas. 12. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
Curiosity is a powerful driver of human creativity. 칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? -
The evolution of Beethoven's music, marked by a(n) (감)[35]
(A) in repetitive patterns, highlights the impact of We are the only species that seasons its food,

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deliberately altering it with the highly flavored plant sculpting. A natural consequence of the strategy is
parts we call herbs and spices. It’s quite possible great variability from individual to individual at the
that our taste for spices has an evolutionary root. cell and molecular levels, even though large­-scale
Many spices have antibacterial properties — in fact, structures are quite similar.
common seasonings such as garlic, onion, and The development of the human body from a single
oregano inhibit the growth of almost every cell involves a combination of unintentional variation
bacterium tested. And the cultures that make the and (A) selecting , (B) various body
heaviest use of spices — think of the garlic and structures.
black pepper of Thai food, the ginger and coriander ①✔ purposeful - triggering
of India, the chili peppers of Mexico — come from ② purposeful - preventing
warmer climates, where bacterial spoilage is a bigger ③ unintentional - denying
issue. In contrast, the most lightly spiced cuisines — ④ unintentional - generating
those of Scandinavia and northern Europe — are ⑤ disorderly - improving
from cooler climates. Our uniquely human attention 정답 : ① < 선택지 재진술 >단일세포로 부터 인간 신체의 발단은 의
to flavor, in this case the flavor of spices, turns out 도치않은 변화와 목적의식있는 선택의 결합이며 다양한 신체구조를 유
발한다.
to have arisen as a matter of life and death.
Cultures from (A) regions heavily use spices like
14. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
garlic and chili peppers, not just for flavor but
칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? -
possibly as a (B) strategy.
(감)[38]
① humid - relaxation
It is a common assumption that most vagrant birds
② polar - protection
are ultimately doomed, aside from the rare cases
③✔ warmer - survival
where individuals are able to reorientate and return
④ colder - saving
to their normal ranges. In turn, it is also commonly
⑤ tropical - growth
assumed that vagrancy itself is a relatively
정답 : ③ 이 글은 '(A) [더 따뜻한] 지역의 문화는 맛을 내기 위해서 unimportant biological phenomenon. This is
뿐만 아니라, 음식의 부패를 방지하기 위한 (B) [생존] 전략으로 마늘과
고추를 많이 사용한다.'와 같이 요약할 수 있다. [어휘] humid 습한, undoubtedly true for the majority of cases, as the
relaxation 이완 most likely outcome of any given vagrancy event is
that the individual will fail to find enough resources,
13. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈 and/or be exposed to inhospitable environmental
칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? -(기, conditions, and perish. However, there are many lines
감)[36] of evidence to suggest that vagrancy can, on rare
Development of the human body from a single cell occasions, dramatically alter the fate of populations,
provides many examples of the structural richness species or even whole ecosystems. Despite being
that is possible when the repeated production of infrequent, these events can be extremely important
random variation is combined with nonrandom when viewed at the timescales over which ecological
selection. All phases of body development from and evolutionary processes unfold. The most
embryo to adult exhibit random activities at the profound consequences of vagrancy relate to the
cellular level, and body formation depends on the establishment of new breeding sites, new migration
new possibilities generated by these activities routes and wintering locations. Each of these can
coupled with selection of those outcomes that satisfy occur through different mechanisms, and at different
previously built-­in criteria. Always new structure is frequencies, and they each have their own unique
based on old structure, and at every stage selection importance.
favors some cells and eliminates others. The survivors Although unusual, bird vagrancy can have (A)
serve to produce new cells that undergo further effects on the long-term survival of populations,
rounds of selection. Except in the immune system, species, or ecosystems by creating new breeding or
cells and extensions of cells are not genetically migration (B) .
selected during development, but rather, are ① essential - patterns
positionally selected. Those in the right place that ② dramatic - partners
make the right connections are stimulated, and those ③ constructive - methods
that don’t are eliminated. This process is much like ④✔ significant - patterns

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⑤ negative - partners wire their brains to make these shifts very quickly,
정답 : ④ 조류가 무리에서 떨어져서 헤매는 일들이 일반적으로는 그 but they are still, like everyone else, paying attention
새가 죽게 만들지만, 드물게는, 새로운 번식지와 새로운 이동 경로 및 to one thing at a time, sequentially. Common sense
월동 장소의 확보에 도움을 줄 수 있다는 내용의 글이므로, '조류가 무
리에서 떨어져서 헤매는 것은 새로운 번식이나 이동 (B) patterns(패턴) tells us multitasking should increase brain activity,
을 만듦으로써, 개체군, 종 또는 생태계의 장기 생존에 (A) significant but Carnegie Mellon University scientists using the
(중요한/상당한) 영향을 미칠 수 있다' 등으로 요약하는 것이 적절하다.
latest brain imaging technology find it doesn’t. As a
matter of fact, they discovered that multitasking
15. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈
actually decreases brain activity. Neither task is done
칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? -
as well as if each were performed individually.
(감)[39]
Fractions of a second are lost every time we make a
Intuition can be great, but it ought to be
switch, and a person’s interrupted task can take 50
hard­-earned. Experts, for example, are able to think
percent longer to finish, with 50 percent more errors.
on their feet because they’ve invested thousands of
Turns out the latest brain research supports the old
hours in learning and practice: their intuition has
advice “one thing at a time.” It’s not that kids can’t
become data-driven. Only then are they able to act
do some tasks simultaneously. But if two tasks are
quickly in accordance with their internalized expertise
performed at once, one of them has to be familiar.
and evidence-­based experience. Yet most people are
Our brains perform a familiar task on “automatic
not experts, though they often think they are. Most
pilot” while really paying attention to the other one.
of us, especially when we interact with others on
That’s why insurance companies consider talking on
social media, act with expert-­like speed and
a cell phone and driving to be as dangerous as
conviction, offering a wide range of opinions on
driving while drunk — it’s the driving that goes on
global crises, without the substance of knowledge
“automatic pilot” while the conversation really holds
that supports it. And thanks to AI, which ensures
our attention. Our kids may be living in the
that our messages are delivered to an audience
Information Age but our brains have not been
more inclined to believing it, our delusions of
redesigned yet.
expertise can be reinforced by our personal filter
Although many people believe that teenagers are
bubble. We have an interesting tendency to find
(A) of doing multiple tasks at the same time, the
people more open-­minded, rational, and sensible
latest brain research shows that multitasking (B)
when they think just like us.
their performance.
Unlike experts whose intuition is grounded in (A)
①✔ capable - impairs
, most people tend to think they are experts merely
② unlikely - deceives
by trusting their intuition and are likely to be (B)
③ unwilling - interrupts
by the AI-driven media landscape.
④ able - enhances
⑤ inclined - distorts
① assumptions - amplified
정답 : ① 일반적인 믿음과는 달리 십대들이 동시에 두가지 일에 집중
②✔ knowledge - influenced
할 수 있다는 것은 사실이 아니고, 멀티테스킹은 실제로 두뇌 활동을
③ assumptions - adjusted 감소시킨다는 연구 결과를 언급한 글이므로, '비록 많은 사람들이 십대
④ principles - influenced 들이 동시에 여러 가지 일을 (A)할 수 있다고 믿고 있지만, 최근의 뇌
연구는 멀티태스킹이 그 수행 능력을 (B)손상시킨다고 보여주고 있다.'
⑤ knowledge - adjusted 와 같이 요약하는 것이 가장 적절하다.
정답 : ② '학습과 경험을 통해 얻은 데이터 기반 직관을 바탕으로 판
단하고 행동하는 전문가와 달리, 전문성이 부족한 대중은 소셜미디어와 17. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? -
인공지능을 이용하여 근거가 부족한 잘못된 의견을 퍼뜨리고 있다'는
내용으로, '(A) [지식](knowledge)에 바탕을 둔 직관을 가진 전문가와 달 (감)[18]
리, 대부분의 사람들은 직관만 믿고 전문가라고 생각하는 경향이 있으 Dear Art Crafts People of Greenville,
며, AI 기반 미디어 환경의 (B) [영향을 받을](influenced) 가능성이 높
For the annual Crafts Fair on May 25 from 1 p.m. to
다.'라고 요약할 수 있다.
6 p.m., the Greenville Community Center is providing
16. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈 booth spaces to rent as in previous years. ① To
칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? - reserve your space, please visit our website and
(감)[41-42] complete a registration form by April 20. ② The
It’s untrue that teens can focus on two things at rental fee is $50. ③ All the money we receive
once — what they’re doing is shifting their attention from rental fees goes to support upcoming activities
from one task to another. In this digital age, teens throughout the year. ④ Many participants are

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skeptical about the appropriate use of the income ① Setting your goals too high may lead to failure
derived from booth space rentals. ⑤ We expect all ② Having a strong will is important to achieve
available spaces to be fully booked soon, so don’t success
get left out. We hope to see you at the fair. ③ In order to be successful, don’t hesitate to ask for
정답 : ④ 공예 작가들에게 연례 공예 박람회에서 부스를 대여하는 방 help
법에 대해 안내하는 내용의 글로, ④ '많은 참가자들이 부스 공간 임대 ④ Success comes from focusing on your passion and
로부터 얻은 수입금의 적절한 사용에 대해 회의적이다'는 내용은 글의
전체 흐름과 관계가 없다. desire
⑤✔ Achieving success needs time and efforts rather
18. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으 than just hopes for it
로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[19] 정답 : ⑤ 많은 사람들이 성공에 필요한 시간을 들이고 싶어하지 않지
Sarah, a young artist with a love for painting, 만, 성공을 위해서는 충분한 시간과 노력이 필요하다는 요지의 글이므
로 밑줄친 부분이 뜻하는 것은 ⑤ '성공을 이루는 데에는 성공을 바라
entered a local art contest. As she looked at the 기만 하는것이 아니라 노력과 시간이 필요하다' 가 적절하다.
amazing artworks which (A) [were made / made] by
others, her confidence dropped. She quietly thought, 20. (주관식) 글에 대한 설명으로 옳은 것만 모두 찾아
‘I might not win an award.’ The moment of judgment 기호를 쓰시오. -(기,감)[21]
arrived, and the judges began announcing winners If you had wanted to create a “self-­driving” car in
one by one. It wasn’t until the end that she heard the 1950s, your best option might have been to
her name. The head of the judges said, strap a brick to the accelerator. Yes, the vehicle
“Congratulations, Sarah Parker! You won first prize. would have been able to move forward on its own,
We loved the uniqueness of your work.” Sarah but it could not slow down, stop, or turn to avoid
was (B) [overcame / overcome] with joy, and she barriers. Obviously not ideal. But does that mean
couldn’t stop smiling. This experience meant the entire concept of the self-­driving car is not
more than just winning; (C) [they / it] confirmed her worth pursuing? No, it only means that at the time
identity as an artist. we did not yet have the tools we now possess to
① were made - overcame - they help enable vehicles to operate both autonomously
②✔ were made - overcome - it and safely. This once­-distant dream now seems
③ made - overcame - it within our reach. It is much the same story in
④ made - overcome - they medicine. Two decades ago, we were still taping
⑤ were made - overcome - they bricks to accelerators. Today, we are approaching the
정답 : ② (A) 관계대명사 which의 선행사 artworks와 동사 make의 관 point where we can begin to bring some appropriate
계가 수동이므로 were made가 적절하다. (B) 주어 Sarah와 동사 technology to bear in ways that advance our
overcome의 관계가 수동이므로 (was) overcome이 적절하다. (C) 대명
사가 지칭하는 대상이 단수 명사 this experience이므로 it이 적절하다. understanding of patients as unique individuals. In
fact, many patients are already wearing devices that
19. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분이 의미하는 바로 가장 monitor their conditions in real time, which allows
적절한 것은? -(감)[20] doctors to talk to their patients in a specific, refined,
Too many times people, especially in today’s and feedback­-driven way that was not even possible
generation, expect things to just happen overnight. a decade ago.
When we have these false expectations, it tends to * strap: 끈으로 묶다 ** autonomously: 자율적으로
discourage us from continuing to move forward.
Because this is a high tech society, everything we ⓐ In the 1950s, self-driving cars were able to stop,
want has to be within the parameters of our comfort slow down, turn to evade obstacles.
and convenience. If it doesn’t happen fast enough, ⓑ In the past, self-driving cars didn't have the
we’re tempted to lose interest. So many people necessary technology to operate autonomously and
don’t want to take the time it requires to be there were limitations compared to now.
successful. Success is not a matter of mere desire; ⓒ The passage suggests that the concept of
you should develop patience in order to achieve it. self-driving cars was not worth following.
Have you fallen prey to impatience? Great things ⓓ A large number of patients nowadays use medical
take time to build. devices that continuously monitor their conditions.
* parameter: 매개 변수, 제한 ⓔ The treatments that doctors can provide to
patients nowadays were not possible.

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into account the specific needs of different

정답 : ⓑⓓⓔ <응 용> ⓐ 1950년대 자율주행차는 벽돌을 놓는 지금 populations — the blind, the deaf, the elderly,
의 기술과는 동떨어진 거의 존재하지 않는 기술이었다. ⓒ 글이 자율주 non-­English speakers, the color-­blind, and so on —
행차의 개념을 follow할 가치가 없다는 내용은 Question - Answer로
No로 제시하여 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는다. when designing products.
*empathy: 공감, 공감능력 **compassion 동정심
21. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? - ① 공감은 직원과 고용주들이 모두 원하는 기술 중의
(감)[22] 일부로 그것이 의미하는 것은 분명하다.
We tend to overrate the impact of new technologies ② 인지적 공감을 강조하는 회사들은 직원과 고객들로
in part because older technologies have become 부터 신뢰를 얻는 리더의 능력을 강조한다.
absorbed into the furniture of our lives, so as to be ③ 정서적 공감을 강조하는 회사들은 의사결정시 직원
almost invisible. Take the baby bottle. ① Here is a 과 고객의 관점을 이해하고자 한다.
simple implement that has transformed a ④✔ 일부 자문위원이 공감 능력 촉진을 주장할 때, 시
fundamental human experience for vast numbers of 장의 요구와 필요에 대한 시장조사를 잘 하는 것을 의
infants and mothers, yet it finds no place in our 미한다.
histories of technology. ② This technology might be ⑤ 공감을 담은 디자인이란 모든 사람들이 거부감 없이
thought of as a classic time-shifting device, as it 동의할 수 있는 제품 디자인을 의미한다.
enables mothers to exercise more control over the 정답 : ④ ① 공감이 의미하는 것은 구체적이지 않다 ② 인지적 공감
timing of feeding. ③ It can also function to save 을 강조하는 경우, 직원과 고객의 관점을 이해하고자 한다. ③ 정서적
공감을 강조하는 경우 신뢰를 얻는 리더의 능력을 강조한다. ⑤ 공감을
time, as bottle feeding allows for someone else to 담은 디자인은 특정한 사람들의 특별한 필요를 고려한 디자인이다.
substitute for the mother’s time. ④ Increased control
over nursing time for mothers can have a positive 23. (주관식) 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린
impact on their relationship with their infants. ⑤ 것을 모두 찾아, 그 기호를 쓰고 바르게 고쳐 쓰시
Potentially, therefore, it has huge implications for 오. -(감)[24]
the management of time in everyday life, yet it is The most prevalent problem kids report is Ⓐ
entirely overlooked in discussions that they feel like they need to be accessible at all
of high-speed society. times. Because technology allows for it, they feel an
정답 : ④ 기존 기술들이 우리 삶 속에 거의 눈에 띄지 않을 정도로 obligation. It’s easy for most of us to relate — you
흡수되어 있어, 우리는 그것이 우리의 일상에 미치는 큰 영향을 종종 probably feel the same pressure in your own life! It
간과하고 있다는 것을 설명하고 있는 내용의 글이므로, '엄마들이 수유
시간을 더 많이 통제할 수 있으면 그들의 아이와의 관계에 긍정적인 is really Ⓑ challenged to deal with the fact that we’re
영향을 줄 수 있다'는 내용의 ④은 글의 전체 흐름과 관계가 없다. human and can’t always respond instantly. For a teen
or tween who’s still learning the ins and outs
22. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은? -(감)[23] of social interactions, it’s Ⓒ even worse. Here’s how
Empathy is frequently listed as one of the most this behavior plays out sometimes: Your child texts
desired skills in an employer or employee, although one of his friends, and the friend doesn’t text back
without specifying exactly what is meant by empathy. right away. Now it’s easy Ⓓ for your child to think,
Some businesses stress cognitive empathy, “This person doesn’t want to be my friend anymore!”
emphasizing the need for leaders to understand the So he texts again, and again, and again — “blowing
perspective of employees and customers when up their phone.” This can be stress-­inducing
negotiating deals and making decisions. Others stress and even read as Ⓔaggressive. But you can see how
affective empathy and empathic concern, emphasizing easily this could Ⓕ be happened.
the ability of leaders to gain trust from employees * tween: (10 ~ 12세 사이의) 십대 초반의 아동
and customers by treating them with real
concern and compassion. When some consultants
정답 : Ⓑ challenged → challenging Ⓕ be happened → happen Ⓑ
argue that successful companies foster empathy, what 가주어, 진주어 구문으로 문맥상 우리가 인간이고 항상 즉각적으로 응
that translates to is that companies should conduct 답할 수 없다는 사실에 대처하는 것은 매우 힘이 든다는 능동의 흐름
이 적절하므로 challenged를 challenging으로 고쳐야 한다. Ⓕ happen
good market research. In other words, an “empathic” 은 자동사이므로 수동태의 형태로 사용될 수 없으므로 be happened를
company understands the needs and wants of its happen으로 고쳐야 한다.

customers and seeks to fulfill those needs and wants.

When some people speak of design with empathy, 24. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[29]
what that translates to is that companies should take For years, many psychologists have held strongly to
the belief that the key to addressing negative health

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habits is to change behavior. This, more than values striving. In consequence, adolescents might pull away
and attitudes, is the part of personality that is from, rather than turn toward, their parents in times
easiest to change. Ingestive habits such as smoking, of emotional crisis, unless parental practices are
drinking and various eating behaviors are the most adjusted. More suitable in adolescence is indirect
common health concerns targeted for behavioral support of autonomous emotion regulation, such as
changes. Process-­addiction behaviors (workaholism, through interest in, as well as awareness and
shopaholism, and the like) fall into this category as nonjudgmental acceptance of, adolescents’ emotional
well. Mental imagery combined with power of experiences, and being available when the adolescent
suggestion was taken up as the premise of wants to talk.
behavioral medicine to help people change negative ① influences of peers and media on adolescents
health behaviors into positive ones. Although this ②✔ the critical role of parents in emotion
technique alone will not produce changes, when socialization
used alongside other behavior modification tactics ③ what parents can learn from their children’s
and coping strategies, behavioral changes have emotional behavior
proved effective for some people. What mental ④ destructive effects of improper parental influence
imagery does is reinforce a new desired behavior. on children’s emotions
Repeated use of images reinforces the desired ⑤ the influence of parental practices on the
behavior more strongly over time. improvement of children’s autonomy
① It's not easy to change habitual behaviors. 정답 : ② 개인의 감정을 조절하는 방법을 형성하는 감정 사회화는 어
② Different situations require different behaviors. 릴 때부터 시작되며 부모는 사회화의 주체로서 중요한 역할을 하며 청
소년기의 자율적 감정 조절을 지원하기 위하여 부모의 행동을 조정해
③✔ Suggestive imagery technique can help change 야 한다는 내용의 글이므로 이 글의 주제는 ② '정서 사회화에 있어서
unhealthy behaviors. 부모의 중요한 역할'이 가장 적절하다. [오답풀이] ① 또래와 미디어가
청소년에게 미치는 영향 ③ 부모가 자녀의 정서적 행동으로부터 배울
④ The power of suggestion can help you cope with
수 있는 것 ④ 부모의 부적절한 영향이 아이들의 정서에 미치는 파괴
difficult situations. 적 영향 ⑤ 부모의 실천이 자녀의 자율성 향상에 미치는 영향
⑤ Different people are responsive to different types
of behavior change programs. 26. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은? -(감)[31]
정답 : ③ '많은 심리학자들이 부정적인 건강 습관을 해결하기 위해 태
Dancers often push themselves to the limits of their
도보다 행동 변화를 강조하며, 행동 수정 전술과 함께 정신적 이미지를 physical capabilities. But that push is misguided if it
사용하여 원하는 행동을 효과적으로 강화한다'는 내용의 글이므로, 요
is directed toward accomplishing something physically
지로는 ③ '암시적 이미지 기법은 건강에 해로운 행동을 바꾸는 데 도
움이 될 수 있다.'가 적절하다. ① 습관적인 행동을 바꾸는 것은 쉽지 impossible. For instance, a tall dancer with long feet
않다. ② 상황에 따라 다른 행동이 필요하다. ④ 제안의 힘은 어려운 may wish to perform repetitive vertical jumps to fast
상황에 대처하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다. ⑤ 다양한 사람들이 다양한 유
형의 행동 변화 프로그램에 반응한다. music, pointing his feet while in the air and lowering
his heels to the floor between jumps. That may be
25. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[30] impossible no matter how strong the dancer is. But
Emotion socialization — learning from other people a short-footed dancer may have no trouble! Another
about emotions and how to deal with them — starts dancer may be struggling to complete a half-turn in
early in life and plays a foundational role for the air. Understanding the connection between a
emotion regulation development. Although rapid turn rate and the alignment of the body close
extra-­familial influences, such as peers or media, to the rotation axis tells her how to accomplish her
gain in importance during adolescence, parents turn successfully. In both of these cases,
remain the primary socialization agents. For example, understanding and working within the constraints
their own responses to emotional situations serve as imposed by nature and described by physical laws
a role model for emotion regulation, increasing the allows dancers to work efficiently, minimizing
likelihood that their children will show similar potential risk of injury.
reactions in comparable situations. Parental practices *alignment: 정렬 **rotation axis: 회전축
at times when their children are faced with
emotional challenges also impact emotion regulation ① Dancers usually manage to achieve the optimal
development. Whereas direct soothing and directive level of their physical abilities.
guidance of what to do are beneficial for younger ② Repeated vertical jumps to the fast music desired
children, they may intrude on adolescents’ autonomy by a tall dancer with long feet are always possible.

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③ A short-footed dancer may be trying to make half reflection of his state of curiosity. Our brains
a turn in the air. experience a sense of reward when we create
④✔ Fast rotational speed is related to the alignment something new in the process of exploring
of the body close to the axis of rotation. something uncertain, such as a musical phrase that
⑤ In order for dancers to work efficiently, they must we’ve never played or heard before. When our
double-major in physical laws. curiosity leads to something novel, the resulting
정답 : ④ 끝에서 두번째 문장에서 '빠른 회전 속도와 회전축에 가까운 reward brings us a sense of pleasure. ① After all,
몸의 정렬 사이의 연관성을 이해하는 것은 그녀가 성공적으로 차례를 composers' curiosity and creativity have developed
마칠 수 있는 방법을 말해준다.'고 했으므로, 글의 내용과 일치하는 것
은 ④이다. ① 'the optimal level' -> 'the limits' ② 'are always based on their genius. ② A number of investigators
possible' -> 'may be impossible' ③ 'The short-footed dancer' -> have modeled how curiosity influences musical
'Dancers other than short-footed dancers' ⑤ 'study physical laws' ->
composition. ③ In the case of Beethoven, computer
'understand and work within the constraints imposed by nature and
described by physical laws' 로 고치는 것이 옳습니다. modeling focused on the thirty-­two piano sonatas
written after age thirteen revealed that the musical
27. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분이 의미하는 바로 가장 patterns found in all of Beethoven’s music decreased
적절한 것은? -(기,감,하)[32] in later sonatas, while novel patterns, including
We must explore the relationship between children’s patterns that were unique to a particular sonata,
film production and consumption habits. The term increased. ④ In other words, Beethoven’s
“children’s film” implies ownership by children — music became less predictable over time as his
their cinema — but films supposedly made for curiosity drove the exploration of new musical ideas.
children have always been consumed by audiences of ⑤ Curiosity is a powerful driver of human creativity.
all ages, particularly in commercial cinemas. Not only 정답 : ① 호기심은 인간의 창의성의 강력한 원동력이라는 것을 베토
children but also adults make up a considerable 벤의 예를 통해 설명한 글에서, ① '결국 작곡가들의 호기심과 창작성
은 그들의 천재성에 기반을 두고 발달해 왔다.'라는 천재성에 대한 문
portion of the audience for movies targeted primarily
장은 전체 흐름 상 어색하다.
at children. This can be shown by the fact that, in
2007, eleven Danish children’s and youth films 29. 다음 글에 밑줄 친 (A)와 (B)가 글에서 의미하는 바
attracted 59 percent of theatrical admissions, and in 로 가장 적절한 것은? -(기,G,감)[34]
2014, German children’s films comprised seven out of Technologists are always on the lookout for
the top twenty films at the national box office. This quantifiable metrics. Measurable inputs to a model
phenomenon corresponds with a broader, are their lifeblood, and like a social scientist, a
international embrace of what is seemingly children’s technologist needs to identify concrete measures, or
culture among audiences of diverse ages. The old “proxies,” for assessing progress. This need for
prejudice that children’s film is some other realm, quantifiable proxies produces a bias toward
separate from (and forever subordinate to) a more measuring things that are easy to quantify. But
legitimate cinema for adults is not supported by the simple metrics can take us further away from the
realities of consumption: children’s film is at the important goals we really care about, which may
heart of contemporary popular culture. require complicated metrics or be extremely difficult,
① the rising demand of commercial cinemas or perhaps impossible, to reduce to any measure.
② the enhancement of film formats and genres And when we have imperfect or bad proxies, we can
③ unclear boundaries between contemporary films easily fall under the illusion that we are solving for a
④ the growing demand for innovative storytelling in good end without actually making genuine progress
movies toward a worthy solution. The problem of proxies
⑤✔ the significant crossover in audience composition results in technologists frequently substituting what is
for children's films measurable for what is meaningful. As the saying
정답 : ⑤ '아동 영화는 아이들 뿐 아니라 성인들에게도 인기가 있다' goes, “Not (A) everything that counts can be
는 내용으로, '이러한 현상'이라는 말이 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것
counted, and not (B) everything that can be
은 ① '아동 영화의 관객구성에 대한 상당한 넘다듦‘
counted counts.”
① bias - quantifiable proxies
28. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? - ② simple metrics - worthy solution
(감)[33] ③✔ Important goals - simple metrics
Beethoven’s drive to create something novel is a ④ genuine progress - complicated metrics

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⑤ illusions - measurable inputs criteria. Always new structure is based on old

정답 : ③ (A) everything that counts : 중요한 목표 (B) everything structure, and at every stage selection favors some
that can be counted : 단순한 측정 cells and ③ eliminates others. The survivors serve to
produce new cells that undergo further rounds of
30. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[35] selection. Except in the immune system, cells and
We are the only species that seasons its food, extensions of cells are not genetically selected ④
deliberately altering it with the highly flavored plant while development, but rather, are positionally
parts we call herbs and spices. It’s quite possible selected. Those in the right place that make the
that our taste for spices has an evolutionary root. right connections are stimulated, and those that
Many spices have antibacterial properties — in fact, don’t are eliminated. This process is much like ⑤
common seasonings such as garlic, onion, and . A natural consequence of the strategy is great
oregano inhibit the growth of almost every variability from individual to individual at the cell and
bacterium tested. And the cultures that make the molecular levels, even though large­-scale structures
heaviest use of spices — think of the garlic and are quite similar.
black pepper of Thai food, the ginger and coriander * molecular: 분자의 ** embryo: 배아
of India, the chili peppers of Mexico — come from ①✔ 선행사가 examples이기 때문에 is를 are로 바꾸어
warmer climates, where bacterial spoilage is a bigger 야 한다.
issue. In contrast, the most lightly spiced cuisines — ② 세포 단위는 변이성이 큰 단위이므로, random이 적
those of Scandinavia and northern Europe — are 절하다.
from cooler climates. Our uniquely human attention ③ favors와 병렬구조를 이루고 있다. selection이 공통
to flavor, in this case the flavor of spices, turns out 주어이다.
to have arisen as a matter of life and death. ④ 뒤에 명사 development만 있으므로 while을 during
① Our changing eating habits are making us 으로 수정해야 한다.
increasingly sensitive to flavors. ⑤ 빈칸에는 형태를 만들어 나간다는 점에서 유사성을
② People from different cultures have a different 가지고 있는 sculpting가 들어갈 수 있다.
perception of spicy foods.
정답 : ① 선행사는 the structural richness이므로 is가 적절하다.
③ The health benefits of different spices vary from
person to person. 32. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? -(감)[37]
④✔ Human consumption of seasoned food may In order to bring the ever-increasing costs of home
have had an evolutionary cause. care for elderly and needy persons under control,
⑤ The popularity of spices in certain regions is managers of home care providers have introduced
influenced by trends, not biology. management systems. These systems specify tasks of
정답 : ④ '인간의 요리에 향신료를 사용하는 것은 향신료의 항균 특성 home care workers and the time and budget
으로 인해 발생했으며, 다양한 기후와 박테리아 부패 문제에 대한 대응
으로서 발전했다'는 내용의 글이므로, 글의 요지로는 ④ '인간이 양념한 available to perform these tasks. Electronic reporting
음식을 섭취하는 데는 진화적인 원인이 있을 수 있다.'가 적절하다. ① systems require home care workers to report on
변화하는 식습관으로 인해 우리는 맛에 점점 더 민감해지고 있다. ②
문화권마다 음식에 양념을 하는 것에 대한 사람들의 인식이 다르다. ③
their activities and the time spent, thus making the
다양한 향신료의 건강상의 이점은 사람마다 다르다. ⑤ 특정 지역의 향 distribution of time and money visible and, in the
신료 인기는 생물학이 아닌 유행의 영향을 받는다. perception of managers, controllable. This, in the
view of managers, has contributed to the resolution
31. 다음 밑줄 친 부분에 대한 설명으로 부적절한 것
of the problem. The home care workers, on the
은? -(감)[36]
other hand, may perceive their work not as a set of
Development of the human body from a single cell
separate tasks to be performed as efficiently as
provides many examples of the structural richness
possible, but as a service to be provided to a client
that ① is possible when the repeated production of
with whom they may have developed a relationship.
random variation is combined with nonrandom
This includes having conversations with clients and
selection. All phases of body development from
enquiring about the person’s well­-being. Restricted
embryo to adult exhibit ②
time and the requirement to report may be
[random/nonrandom] activities at the cellular level,
perceived as obstacles that make it impossible to
and body formation depends on the new possibilities
deliver the service that is needed. If the management
generated by these activities coupled with selection
systems are too rigid, this may result in home care
of those outcomes that satisfy previously built-­in

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workers becoming overloaded and demotivated. 34. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분이 의미하는 바로 가장

① home care management systems aimed at cost 적절한 것은? -(기,감)[40]
reduction The fast­-growing, tremendous amount of data,
② how home care employees can efficiently manage collected and stored in large and numerous data
their time repositories, has far exceeded our human ability for
③ issues and obstacles in providing home care to understanding without powerful tools. As a result,
senior citizens data collected in large data repositories become
④ challenges in determining the work schedules for “data tombs” — data archives that are hardly visited.
home care employees Important decisions are often made based not on
⑤✔ conflicts between managers and employees on the information–rich data stored in data repositories
management systems for home care but rather on a decision maker’s instinct, simply
정답 : ⑤ ‘증가하는 재택 간호 비용을 통제하기 위해 도입된 관리시스 because the decision maker does not have the tools
템은 관리자 입장에서는 시간과 비용을 통제할 수 있지만, 재택 간호 to extract the valuable knowledge hidden in the vast
종사자들에게는 업무가 가중되고 의욕저하로 이어질 수 있다’는 내용의
글이므로 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은 ⑤ ‘재택 간호를 위한 관리 시 amounts of data. Efforts have been made to develop
스템에 대한 관리자와 직원간의 갈등’이다. expert system and knowledge-based technologies,
which typically rely on users or domain experts to
33. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? -(감,하)[39] manually input knowledge into knowledge bases.
Intuition can be great, but it ought to be However, this procedure is likely to cause biases and
hard­-earned. Experts, for example, are able to think errors and is extremely costly and time consuming.
on their feet because they’ve invested thousands of The widening gap between data and information
hours in learning and practice: their intuition has calls for the systematic development of tools that
become data-driven. Only then are they able to act can turn data tombs into “golden nuggets” of
quickly in accordance with their internalized expertise knowledge.
and evidence-­based experience. Yet most people are ① a pile of valuable insights each time proved by
not experts, though they often think they are. Most experts
of us, especially when we interact with others on ② a system that finds learning certified by experts in
social media, act with expert-­like speed and each field
conviction, offering a wide range of opinions on ③✔ valuable information people need hidden within
global crises, without the substance of knowledge large data sets
that supports it. And thanks to AI, which ensures ④ technology developed to permanently remove
that our messages are delivered to an audience unnecessary data
more inclined to believing it, our delusions of ⑤ a repository where data is collected based on
expertise can be reinforced by our personal filter accurate analysis by decision makers
bubble. We have an interesting tendency to find
정답 : ③ 이 글은 '정보를 체계적으로 정리하여 저장하는 저장소를 만
people more open-minded, rational, and sensible 드는 것이 중요하며, 정말 필요한 정보들만 골라서 적용할 수 있게 해
when they think just like us. 주어야 한다'는 글이다. 따라서 밑줄 친 부분은 데이터의 무덤을 전환
하는 것이므로, 밑줄 친 부분의 함축 의미로 가장 적절한 것은 ③ '큰
① Intuition becomes data-driven after extensive 데이터 세트 속에 숨겨진, 사람들이 필요로 하는 귀중한 정보'가 가장
learning and practice. 적절하다.

② Most people on social media behave like experts,

offering opinions on global crise 35. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 부분이 의미하는 바로 가장
③ Many individuals lack substantive knowledge to 적절한 것은? -(감)[41-42]
support their opinions on social media. It’s untrue that teens can focus on two things at
④✔ AI ensures that our messages reach a learned once — what they’re doing is shifting their attention
audience. from one task to another. In this digital age, teens
⑤ Our beliefs about expertise can be reinforced by wire their brains to make these shifts very quickly,
AI-driven filter bubbles. but they are still, like everyone else, paying attention
to one thing at a time, sequentially. Common sense
정답 : ④ 인공지능은 우리의 메시지가 그것을 더 믿으려는 성향이 있
는 독자에게 확실히 전달되도록 한다고 언급하고 있으므로 ④ '인공지 tells us multitasking should increase brain activity,
능(AI)은 우리의 메시지가 학습된 청중에게 전달되도록 보장한다.'는 글 but Carnegie Mellon University scientists using the
의 내용과 일치하지 않는다.
latest brain imaging technology find it doesn’t. As a
matter of fact, they discovered that multitasking

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actually decreases brain activity. Neither task is done

as well as if each were performed individually.
Fractions of a second are lost every time we make a
switch, and a person’s interrupted task can take 50
percent longer to finish, with 50 percent more errors.
Turns out the latest brain research supports the old
advice “one thing at a time.” It’s not that kids can’t
do some tasks simultaneously. But if two tasks are
performed at once, one of them has to be familiar.
Our brains perform a familiar task on “automatic
pilot” while really paying attention to the other one.
That’s why insurance companies consider talking on
a cell phone and driving to be as dangerous as
driving while drunk — it’s the driving that goes on
“automatic pilot” while the conversation really holds
our attention. Our kids may be living in the
Information Age but our brains have not been
redesigned yet.
① Some people excel at multitasking while
performing two tasks.
② Our brains automatically repeat what we learn till
they are reshaped.
③ Talking on a cell phone and driving should be
banned for our brains.
④✔ We are not capable of performing two tasks at
once in this digital age.
⑤ Kids are too young to adapt to the digital age
until their brains fully mature.
정답 : ④ 일반적인 믿음과는 달리 십대들이 동시에 두가지 일에 집중
할 수 있다는 것은 사실이 아니고, 멀티테스킹은 실제로 두뇌 활동을
감소시킨다는 연구 결과를 언급한 글이므로, 밑줄 친 '우리 아이들이
정보화 시대에 살고 있을지 모르지만, 우리의 뇌는 아직 (정보화 시대
에 맞게) 재설계되지 않았다.'는 문장이 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것
은 ④ '디지털 시대에서도 우리는 한번에 두가지 과업을 수행하는 것이
어렵다'이다.

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