Concrete Grade = 30 N/mm2

Reinforcement Grade = 500 N/mm2

A Design of Part A of Wall :

3.5m

C Overall Thk of Wall = 550 mm

Effective Thk of Wall = 500 mm
2.5m

B 1 Horizontal Reinforcement :
Bending Moment, M11 = 55 kN.m/m
Bending Moment, M12 = 3.6 kN.m/m
Design Moment, Mu = 58.6 kN.m/m
4.0m

A Area of Reinforcement Reqd= 272.027 mm2

2 Vertical Reinforcement :
Bending Moment, M22 = 20.5 kN.m/m
Bending Moment, M12 = 0.5 kN.m/m
Design Moment, Mu = 21 kN.m/m
Area of Reinforcement Reqd= 96.9131 mm2

B Design of Part B of Wall :

3.5m

C Overall Thk of Wall = 550 mm

Effective Thk of Wall = 500 mm
2.5m

B 1 Horizontal Reinforcement :
Bending Moment, M11 = 380 kN.m/m
Bending Moment, M12 = 33 kN.m/m
Design Moment, Mu = 413 kN.m/m
4.0m

A Area of Reinforcement Reqd= 2038.29 mm2

2 Vertical Reinforcement :
Bending Moment, M22 = 650 kN.m/m
Bending Moment, M12 = 35 kN.m/m
Design Moment, Mu = 685 kN.m/m
Area of Reinforcement Reqd= 3577.65 mm2

C Design of Part C of Wall :

3.5m

C Overall Thk of Wall = 375 mm

Effective Thk of Wall = 325 mm
2.5m

B 1 Horizontal Reinforcement :
Bending Moment, M11 = 40 kN.m/m
Bending Moment, M12 = 8 kN.m/m
Design Moment, Mu = 48 kN.m/m
4.0m

A Area of Reinforcement Reqd= 345.825 mm2

2 Vertical Reinforcement :
Bending Moment, M22 = 130 kN.m/m
Bending Moment, M12 = 2 kN.m/m
Design Moment, Mu = 132 kN.m/m
Area of Reinforcement Reqd= 983.786 mm2
Design Data :
Height of wall above Road Level = 9 m
Depth of foundation = 1.5 m
Total Height of Wall = 10.5 m
Reinforced Concrete Density = 25 kN/m3
Satuarated Soil Density = 20 kN/m3
Surcharge Load = 22 kN/m2
Soil Bearing Capacity = 300 kN/m2
Coefficient of Friction betn Soil & Concrete = 0.7
Grade of Concrete = 35 N/mm2
Grade of Reinforcement = 500 N/mm2

Preliminary Proportions :
Spacing of counterforts = 3.5 m to 5.25 m
Assume the counterforts are placed with a clear spacing of 3.5 m
Thickness of counterfort = 0.525 m
assume the thickness of counterfort 0.55 m
Thickness of Heel slab = 0.525 m
assume the thickness of Heel slab 0.55 m
Thickness of Toe slab = 0.84 m
assume the thickness of Toe slab 0.9 m
Thickness of Stem slab = 0.63 m
assume the thickness of Stem slab 0.65 m
Length of the Base slab = 3.50 m
Assuming Triangular base pressure L = 5.25 m
Provide L = 6 m

Stability against Overturning :

Pressure due to satuarated soil = kgh
= 69.3 kN/m2
Consider 1.0m length of wall.
Force due to Satuarated Soil = (kgh2)/2
= 367.5 kN
Force due to Surcharge = kgh2
= 70 kN
Overturning Moment MO = 1653.75 kN.m

Weight Distance from Heel Moment

Component
(kN) (m) (kN.m)
Stem 161.69 3.17 513.075
Heel 48.10 1.42 68.502
Toe 56.29 4.75 267.325
Backfilling 566.80 1.42 807.196
Total 832.88 1656.10

Distance of resultant vertical force from Heel = 1.988 m

Stabilizing Moment (about Toe) MR = 3341.18 kN.m

Factor of Safety for Overturning = 1.82 > 1.4

… OK

Soil Pressure at Footing Base :

Resultant Vertical Reaction R = 832.88 kN

Distance of R from Heel LR = 3.97 m
Eccentricity e = 0.97 m
6e 5.84
= = 0.974
L 6.00

qmin = = 3.61 > 0

… OK

qmax = = 274.01 < 300

… OK

Stability against Sliding :

Sliding Force = 437.5 kN
Resisting Force F = 583.01564 kN

Factor of Safety for Sliding = 1.199 < 1.4

… UNSAFE
Hence, Shear Key needs to provide.
Required, P = 87.79 kN

Provide a Shear key 400 mm x 300 mm at 2.5 m from Toe.

h2 = 1.2 + 0.3 + 2.5 x Tan 30 = 2.943 m

Pp = = 168.72305 kN

Factor of Safety for Sliding = 1.546 > 1.4

… OK

Design of Toe Slab :

Self-weight of Toe slab = 22.5 kN/m2

2.50 0.65 2.85

22.5

TOE
HEEL
274.01

3.61
Maximum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 251.51 kN/m2 …Acting Upward
Minimum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 138.77 kN/m 2
…Acting Upward

Overall depth of Toe Slab D = 900 mm

Effective depth of Toe Slab d = 850 mm

Design shear force at distance 'd' Vu = 483.49 kN

Design moment at face of Stem Mu = 1004.21 kN.m

Nominal Shear stress tv = 0.569 N/mm2

For tc = 0.569
the required pt for shear requirement = 0.690 %

Mu
= 1.39 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.339 %

Hence, minimum pt to be provided = 0.690 %

Area of steel required = 5865.00 mm2

Using 20 dia bars, spacing required = 53.57 mm

Hence provide, 20 @ 100 mm c/c …1st Layer
+ 20 @ 100 mm c/c …2nd Layer
Area of Steel provided = 6283.19 mm2
pt = 0.74 > 0.690
… OK

Distribution Steel, provide minimum 0.12% of concrete area.

Area of distribution steel required = 1020 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 110.88 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 100 mm c/c
Area of Steel provided = 1130.97 < 1020
… OK

Design of Heel slab :

Self-weight of Heel slab = 13.75 kN/m2
Overburden pressure = 199 kN/m2
Total pressure acting downwards on Heel = 212.75 kN/m2

2.50 0.65 2.85

212.75
13.75

TOE
HEEL
 274.01

3.61
Minimum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 80.78 kN/m2 …Acting Downward
Maximum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 209.14 kN/m2 …Acting Downward

Clear Spacing of counterforts = 3.5 m

Hence, dimension of each slab panel = 2.85 x 3.5
Each Heel slab panel is considered as fixed at three edges & free at fourth edge.
Consider 1.0m wide strip near the free edge of heel.
The pressure intensity at a distance of 1.0m
= 164.07 kN/m2 …Acting Downward
from free edge
Average loading on 1.0m wide strip = 186.60 kN/m2

Overall depth of Toe Slab D = 550 mm

Effective depth of Toe Slab d = 500 mm
Effective Span l = 4.00 m

Maximum Negative moment @ support Mu = 373.21 kN.m

Maximum positive moment @ mid-span Mu = 279.91 kN.m
Design Data :
Height of wall above Road Level = 9 m
Depth of foundation = 1.5 m
Total Height of Wall = 10.5 m
Reinforced Concrete Density = 25 kN/m3
Satuarated Soil Density = 20 kN/m3
Surcharge Load = 22 kN/m2
Soil Bearing Capacity = 300 kN/m2
Coefficient of Friction betn Soil & Concrete = 0.7
Grade of Concrete = 35 N/mm2
Grade of Reinforcement = 500 N/mm2

Preliminary Proportions :
Spacing of counterforts = 3.5 m to 5.25 m
Assume the counterforts are placed with a clear spacing of 3.5 m
Thickness of counterfort = 0.525 m
assume the thickness of counterfort 0.3 m
Thickness of Heel slab = 0.525 m
assume the thickness of Heel slab 0.7 m
Thickness of Toe slab = 0.84 m
assume the thickness of Toe slab 0.7 m
Thickness of Stem slab = 0.63 m
assume the thickness of Stem slab 0.55 m
Length of the Base slab = 3.70 m 3.5
Assuming Triangular base pressure L = 5.55 m
Provide L = 5.25 m

Stability against Overturning :

Pressure due to satuarated soil = kgh
= 69.3 kN/m2
Consider 1.0m length of wall.
Force due to Satuarated Soil = (kgh2)/2
= 367.5 kN
Force due to Surcharge = kgh2
= 70 kN
Overturning Moment MO = 1653.75 kN.m

Weight Distance from Heel Moment

Component
(kN) (m) (kN.m)
Stem 134.75 3.43 461.519
Heel 64.75 1.58 101.981
Toe 27.12 4.48 121.384
Backfilling 617.40 1.58 972.405
Total 844.03 1657.29

Distance of resultant vertical force from Heel = 1.964 m

Stabilizing Moment (about Toe) MR = 2773.84 kN.m

Factor of Safety for Overturning = 1.51 > 1.4

… OK

Soil Pressure at Footing Base :

Resultant Vertical Reaction R = 844.03 kN

Distance of R from Heel LR = 3.92 m
Eccentricity e = 1.30 m
6e 7.79
= = 1.483
L 5.25

qmin = = -77.70 < 0

… REVISE

qmax = = 399.24 > 300

… REVISE

Stability against Sliding :

Sliding Force = 437.5 kN
Resisting Force F = 590.8175 kN

Factor of Safety for Sliding = 1.215 < 1.4

… UNSAFE
Hence, Shear Key needs to provide.
Required, P = 80.76 kN

Provide a Shear key 400 mm x 300 mm at 2.5 m from Toe.

h2 = 1.2 + 0.3 + 2.5 x Tan 30 = 2.943 m

Pp = = 168.72305 kN

Factor of Safety for Sliding = 1.562 > 1.4

… OK

Design of Toe Slab :

Self-weight of Toe slab = 17.5 kN/m2

1.55 0.55 3.15

17.5

TOE
HEEL
399.24

-77.70
Maximum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 381.74 kN/m2 …Acting Upward
Minimum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 240.93 kN/m 2
…Acting Upward

Overall depth of Toe Slab D = 700 mm

Effective depth of Toe Slab d = 650 mm

Design shear force at distance 'd' Vu = 420.30 kN

Design moment at face of Stem Mu = 603.27 kN.m

Nominal Shear stress tv = 0.647 N/mm2

For tc = 0.647
the required pt for shear requirement = 0.930 %

Mu
= 1.43 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.349 %

Hence, minimum pt to be provided = 0.930 %

Area of steel required = 6045.00 mm2

Using 20 dia bars, spacing required = 51.97 mm

Hence provide, 20 @ 175 mm c/c …1st Layer
+ 25 @ 100 mm c/c …2nd Layer
Area of Steel provided = 6703.93 mm2
pt = 1.03 > 0.930
… OK

Distribution Steel, provide minimum 0.12% of concrete area.

Area of distribution steel required = 780 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 145.00 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 100 mm c/c
Area of Steel provided = 1130.97 < 780
… OK

Design of Heel slab :

Self-weight of Heel slab = 17.5 kN/m2
Overburden pressure = 196 kN/m2
Total pressure acting downwards on Heel = 213.5 kN/m2

1.55 0.55 3.15

213.50
17.5

TOE
HEEL
 399.24

-77.70
Minimum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 5.04 kN/m2 …Acting Downward
Maximum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 291.20 kN/m2 …Acting Downward

Clear Spacing of counterforts = 3.5 m

Hence, dimension of each slab panel = 3.15 x 3.5
Each Heel slab panel is considered as fixed at three edges & free at fourth edge.
Consider 1.0m wide strip near the free edge of heel.
The pressure intensity at a distance of 1.0m
= 200.36 kN/m2 …Acting Downward
from free edge
Average loading on 1.0m wide strip = 245.78 kN/m2

Overall depth of Toe Slab D = 700 mm

Effective depth of Toe Slab d = 650 mm
Effective Span l = 4.15 m

Maximum Negative moment @ support Mu = 529.12 kN.m

Maximum positive moment @ mid-span Mu = 396.84 kN.m
 10078 - TALEGAON
9.0M HEIGHT COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL
GB320

Design Data :
Height of wall above Road Level = 9 m
Depth of foundation = 1.5 m
Total Height of Wall = 10.5 m
Reinforced Concrete Density = 25 kN/m3
Satuarated Soil Density = 20 kN/m3
Surcharge Load = 22 kN/m2
Soil Bearing Capacity = 300 kN/m2
Coefficient of Friction betn Soil & Concrete = 0.7
Grade of Concrete = 35 N/mm2 (Conc. Grade Increased)
Grade of Reinforcement = 500 N/mm 2

Preliminary Proportions :
Spacing of counterforts = 3.5 m to 5.25 m
Assume the counterforts are placed with a clear spacing of 3.5 m
Thickness of counterfort = 0.525 m
assume the thickness of counterfort 0.3 m
Thickness of Heel slab = 0.525 m
assume the thickness of Heel slab 0.7 m
Thickness of Toe slab = 0.84 m
assume the thickness of Toe slab 0.7 m
Thickness of Stem slab = 0.63 m
assume the thickness of Stem slab 0.55 m
Length of the Base slab = 3.70 m
Assuming Triangular base pressure L = 5.55 m
Provide L = 5.25 m

Stability against Overturning :

Pressure due to satuarated soil = kgh
= 69.3 kN/m2
Consider 1.0m length of wall.
Force due to Satuarated Soil = (kgh2)/2
= 367.5 kN
Force due to Surcharge = kgh2
= 70 kN
Overturning Moment MO = 1653.75 kN.m

Weight Distance from Heel Moment

Component
(kN) (m) (kN.m)
Stem 134.75 3.43 461.519
Heel 64.75 1.58 101.981
Toe 27.12 4.48 121.384
Backfilling 617.40 1.58 972.405
Total 844.03 1657.29

Distance of resultant vertical force from Heel = 1.964 m

Stabilizing Moment (about Toe) MR = 2773.84 kN.m

Factor of Safety for Overturning = 1.51 > 1.4
… OK

Soil Pressure at Footing Base :

Resultant Vertical Reaction R = 844.03 kN

Distance of R from Heel LR = 3.92 m
Eccentricity e = 1.30 m
6e 7.79
= = 1.483
L 5.25

qmin = = -77.70 < 0

… REVISE

qmax = = 399.24 > 300

… REVISE (SBC needs to confirm)

Stability against Sliding :

Sliding Force = 437.5 kN
Resisting Force F = 590.8175 kN

Factor of Safety for Sliding = 1.215 < 1.4

… UNSAFE
Hence, Shear Key needs to provide.
Required, P = 80.76 kN

Provide a Shear key 400 mm x 300 mm at 2.5 m from Toe.

h2 = 1.2 + 0.3 + 2.5 x Tan 30 = 2.943 m

Pp = = 168.72305 kN

Factor of Safety for Sliding = 1.562 > 1.4

… OK

Design of Toe Slab :

Self-weight of Toe slab = 17.5 kN/m2

1.55 0.55 3.15

17.5

TOE
HEEL
399.24

-77.70

Maximum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 381.74 kN/m2 …Acting Upward

Minimum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 240.93 kN/m 2
…Acting Upward

Overall depth of Toe Slab D = 700 mm

Effective depth of Toe Slab d = 650 mm

Design shear force at distance 'd' Vu = 420.30 kN

Design moment at face of Stem Mu = 603.27 kN.m
Nominal Shear stress tv = 0.647 N/mm2
For tc = 0.647
the required pt for shear requirement = 0.930 %

Mu
= 1.43 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.349 %

Hence, minimum pt to be provided = 0.930 %

Area of steel required = 6045.00 mm2

Using 20 dia bars, spacing required = 51.97 mm

Hence provide, 20 @ 175 mm c/c …1st Layer
+ 25 @ 100 mm c/c …2nd Layer (Reinforcement Increased)
Area of Steel provided = 6703.93 mm 2

pt = 1.03 > 0.930

… OK

Distribution Steel, provide minimum 0.12% of concrete area.

Area of distribution steel required = 780 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 145.00 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 125 mm c/c (Spacing reduced)
Area of Steel provided = 904.78 < 780
… OK

Design of Heel slab :

Self-weight of Heel slab = 17.5 kN/m2
Overburden pressure = 196 kN/m2
Total pressure acting downwards on Heel = 213.5 kN/m2

1.55 0.55 3.15

213.50
17.5

TOE
HEEL
399.24

-77.70

Minimum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 5.04 kN/m2 …Acting Downward

Maximum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 291.20 kN/m 2
…Acting Downward

Clear Spacing of counterforts = 3.5 m

Hence, dimension of each slab panel = 3.15 x 3.5
Each Heel slab panel is considered as fixed at three edges & free at fourth edge.
Consider 1.0m wide strip near the free edge of heel.
The pressure intensity at a distance of 1.0m
= 200.36 kN/m2 …Acting Downward
from free edge
Average loading on 1.0m wide strip = 245.78 kN/m2

Overall depth of Toe Slab D = 700 mm

Effective depth of Toe Slab d = 650 mm
Effective Span l = 4.15 m

Maximum Negative moment @ support Mu = 529.12 kN.m

Maximum positive moment @ mid-span Mu = 396.84 kN.m
Design Shear force Vu = 405.54 kN
Design of Top reinforcement (for -ve moments) at counterforts.

Nominal Shear stress tv = 0.624 N/mm2

For tc = 0.624
the required pt for shear requirement = 0.860 %

Mu
= 1.25 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.303 %

Hence, minimum pt to be provided = 0.860 %

Area of steel required = 5590.00 mm2

Using 20 dia bars, spacing required = 56.20 mm

Hence provide, 20 @ 100 mm c/c …1st Layer
+ 25 @ 200 mm c/c …2nd Layer
Area of Steel provided = 5595.96 mm2
pt provided = 0.86 > 0.860
… OK

Distance beyond 1.0m from free edge, only minimum reinforcement provided.
Minimum area of steel required = 780 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 145.00 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 125 mm c/c (Spacing reduced)
Area of Steel provided = 904.78 < 780
… OK

Design of Bottom reinforcement (for +ve moments) at mid-span of heel slab.

Mu
= 0.94 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.224 %
Area of steel required = 1456.00 mm2

Using 16 dia bars, spacing required = 138.09 mm

Hence provide, 16 @ 125 mm c/c (Reinforcement Reduced)

Area of Steel provided = 1608.50 mm2

pt provided = 0.25 > 0.224
… OK

Distribution Steel, provide minimum 0.12% of concrete area.

Area of distribution steel required = 780 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 145.00 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 125 mm c/c
Area of Steel provided = 904.78 < 780 (Spacing reduced)
… OK
Design of Heel slab for cantilever action.

Consider triangular loading on the heel slab to be carried by cantilever action with fixity at the face of Stem.

Load intensity at the face of Stem = 5.04 kN/m2 …Acting Downward

Load intensity at 1.75m from face of Stem = 191.27 kN/m2 …Acting Downward

Total bending moment on triangular portion = 150.30 kN.m

This moment is distributed non-uniformly across the width of 3.50m.

For design purpose, the max. moment intensity may be taken as two times the average value.
Mumax = 128.83 kN.m

Mu
= 0.30 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.070 %
Area of steel required = 455.00 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 248.57 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 125 mm c/c (Reinforcement Reduced)

Area of Steel provided = 904.78 mm2

pt provided = 0.14 > 0.070
… OK

Design of Vertical Stem :

The simplified analysis procedure adopted for the heel slab is used here for the vertical Stem also.

The cantilever action is limited to the bottom region only with fixity at the junction of the stem with the base slab.

Elsewhere, the stem is treated as a continuous beam spanning between the counterforts.
The bending moment reduce along the height of the stem, owing to the reduction in the lateral pressures with
increasing height.

Height of Stem above base = 9.8 m

Intensity of earth pressure at the base of stem,
= 65.27 kN/m2
Factored Pressure wu = 97.90 kN/m2

Clear Spacing of counterforts = 3.5 m

Design of Stem for continuous beam action.

At Base.
Overall depth of Stem D = 550 mm
Effective depth of Stem d = 500 mm
Effective Span l = 4.00 m

Max. -ve moment in stem near counterfort = 130.536 kN.m

Max mid-span moment = 97.902 kN.m
Design shear force = 122.3775 kN
Design of reinforcement for -ve moments near counterforts

Mu
= 0.52 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.122 %
Area of steel required = 610.00 mm2
Minimum Area of steel = 600.00 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 188.50 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 150 mm c/c (Reinforcement Reduced)

Area of Steel provided = 753.98 mm2

pt provided = 0.15 > 0.122
… OK

check for shear at base,

Nominal Shear stress tv = 0.245 N/mm2

Design of reinforcement for +ve moments at mid-span

The minimum reinforcement requirement will govern the design on both faces,

Provide 12 @ 150 mm c/c at both faces of the stem upto 1/3rd height above base.

At 1/3rd height above base

Overall depth of Stem D = 550 mm
Effective depth of Stem d = 500 mm
Effective Span l = 4.00 m

Max. -ve moment in stem near counterfort = 87.024 kN.m

Mu
= 0.35 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.082 %
Area of steel required = 410.00 mm2
Minimum Area of steel = 600.00 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 188.50 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 150 mm c/c (Reinforcement Reduced)

Area of Steel provided = 753.98 mm2

pt provided = 0.15 > 0.082
… OK

Provide 12 @ 150 mm c/c at both faces of the stem from 1/3rd to 2/3rd height above base.

At 2/3rd height above base

Overall depth of Stem D = 375 mm
Effective depth of Stem d = 325 mm
Effective Span l = 3.825 m

Max. -ve moment in stem near counterfort = 39.787985 kN.m

 Mu
= 0.38 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.089 %
Area of steel required = 289.25 mm2
Minimum Area of steel = 390.00 mm2

Using 10 dia bars, spacing required = 201.38 mm

Hence provide, 10 @ 200 mm c/c (Reinforcement Reduced)

Area of Steel provided = 392.70 mm2

pt provided = 0.12 > 0.089
… OK

Provide 10 @ 200 mm c/c at both faces of the stem at top 1/3rd height of the wall .

Design of Stem for cantilever action.

Consider the triangular loading on the stem to be carried by cantilever action.

Intensity of earth pressure at the base of stem,

= 65.27 kN/m2

Intensity of horizontal pressure at a distance of 1.75m from the base of stem

= 53.61 kN/m2

Total bending moment on triangular portion = 132.07 kN.m

This moment is distributed non-uniformly across the width of 3.50m.

For design purpose, the max. moment intensity may be taken as two times the average value.
Mumax = 113.20 kN.m/m

Overall depth of Stem D = 550 mm

Effective depth of Stem d = 500 mm

Mu
= 0.45 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.105 %
Area of steel required = 525.00 mm2
Minimum Area of steel = 600.00 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 188.50 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 150 mm c/c (Reinforcement Reduced)

Area of Steel provided = 753.98 mm2

pt provided = 0.15 > 0.105
… OK

Design of Counterfort :

Design of counterfort for T-beam action,

Thickness of counterfort = 0.3 m
Clear Spacing of counterforts = 3.5 m
Hence, each counterfort receives earth pressure from a width of 3.8 m
at Base
The intensity of earth pressure at the base of stem
Pa = 69.3 kN/m2
Bending Moment Mu = 7258.3088 kN.m
Shear Force Vu = 2073.8025 kN

Overall Depth at base = 2740 mm

Effective depth at base = 2690 mm

Effective Flange width bf = 5233 mm

b + clear span of slab bf = 3800 mm

Hence, effective flange width bf = 3800 mm

Lever arm = 2421 mm

Area of steel required = 6892 mm2

Using 25 dia bars, spacing required = 14.04 Nos

Hence provide, 15 T 25 (Reinforcement Increased)
 10078 - TALEGAON
9.0M HEIGHT COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL
GB320

Design Data :
Height of wall above Road Level = 9 m
Depth of foundation = 1.5 m
Total Height of Wall = 10.5 m
Reinforced Concrete Density = 25 kN/m3
Satuarated Soil Density = 20 kN/m3
Surcharge Load = 22 kN/m2
Soil Bearing Capacity = 300 kN/m2
Coefficient of Friction betn Soil & Concrete = 0.7
Grade of Concrete = 35 N/mm2
Grade of Reinforcement = 500 N/mm2

Preliminary Proportions :
Spacing of counterforts = 3.5 m to 5.25 m
Assume the counterforts are placed with a clear spacing of 3.5 m
Thickness of counterfort = 0.525 m
assume the thickness of counterfort 0.3 m
Thickness of Heel slab = 0.525 m
assume the thickness of Heel slab 0.7 m
Thickness of Toe slab = 0.84 m
assume the thickness of Toe slab 0.7 m
Thickness of Stem slab = 0.63 m
assume the thickness of Stem slab 0.55 m
Length of the Base slab = 3.70 m
Assuming Triangular base pressure L = 5.55 m
Provide L = 5.25 m

Stability against Overturning :

Pressure due to satuarated soil = kgh
= 69.3 kN/m2
Consider 1.0m length of wall.
Force due to Satuarated Soil = (kgh2)/2
= 367.5 kN
Force due to Surcharge = kgh2
= 70 kN
Overturning Moment MO = 1653.75 kN.m

Weight Distance from Heel Moment

Component
(kN) (m) (kN.m)
Stem 134.75 3.43 461.519
Heel 64.75 1.58 101.981
Toe 27.12 4.48 121.384
Backfilling 617.40 1.58 972.405
 Total 844.03 1657.29

Distance of resultant vertical force from Heel = 1.964 m

Stabilizing Moment (about Toe) MR = 2773.84 kN.m

Factor of Safety for Overturning = 1.51 > 1.4

… OK

Soil Pressure at Footing Base :

Resultant Vertical Reaction R = 844.03 kN

Distance of R from Heel LR = 3.92 m
Eccentricity e = 1.30 m
6e 7.79
= = 1.483
L 5.25

qmin = = -77.70 < 0

… REVISE

qmax = = 399.24 > 300

… REVISE

Stability against Sliding :

Sliding Force = 437.5 kN
Resisting Force F = 590.8175 kN

Factor of Safety for Sliding = 1.215 < 1.4

… UNSAFE
Hence, Shear Key needs to provide.
Required, P = 80.76 kN

Provide a Shear key 400 mm x 300 mm at 2.5 m from Toe.

h2 = 1.2 + 0.3 + 2.5 x Tan 30 = 2.943 m

Pp = = 168.72305 kN

Factor of Safety for Sliding = 1.562 > 1.4

… OK

Design of Toe Slab :

Self-weight of Toe slab = 17.5 kN/m2

1.55 0.55 3.15

17.5

TOE
 TOE
HEEL

399.24

-77.70
Maximum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 381.74 kN/m2 …Acting Upward
Minimum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 240.93 kN/m 2
…Acting Upward

Overall depth of Toe Slab D = 700 mm

Effective depth of Toe Slab d = 650 mm

Design shear force at distance 'd' Vu = 420.30 kN

Design moment at face of Stem Mu = 603.27 kN.m

Nominal Shear stress tv = 0.647 N/mm2

For tc = 0.647
the required pt for shear requirement = 0.930 %

Mu
= 1.43 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.349 %

Hence, minimum pt to be provided = 0.930 %

Area of steel required = 6045.00 mm2

Using 20 dia bars, spacing required = 51.97 mm

Hence provide, 20 @ 175 mm c/c …1st Layer
+ 25 @ 100 mm c/c …2nd Layer
Area of Steel provided = 6703.93 mm2
pt = 1.03 > 0.930
… OK

Distribution Steel, provide minimum 0.12% of concrete area.

Area of distribution steel required = 780 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 145.00 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 125 mm c/c
Area of Steel provided = 904.78 < 780
… OK

Design of Heel slab :

Self-weight of Heel slab = 17.5 kN/m2
Overburden pressure = 196 kN/m2
Total pressure acting downwards on Heel = 213.5 kN/m2
 1.55 0.55 3.15

213.50
17.5
TOE
HEEL

399.24

-77.70
Minimum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 5.04 kN/m2 …Acting Downward
Maximum Net bearing pressure on Heel = 291.20 kN/m2 …Acting Downward

Clear Spacing of counterforts = 3.5 m

Hence, dimension of each slab panel = 3.15 x 3.5
Each Heel slab panel is considered as fixed at three edges & free at fourth edge.
Consider 1.0m wide strip near the free edge of heel.
The pressure intensity at a distance of 1.0m
= 200.36 kN/m2 …Acting Downward
from free edge
Average loading on 1.0m wide strip = 245.78 kN/m2

Overall depth of Toe Slab D = 700 mm

Effective depth of Toe Slab d = 650 mm
Effective Span l = 4.15 m

Maximum Negative moment @ support Mu = 529.12 kN.m

Maximum positive moment @ mid-span Mu = 396.84 kN.m
Design Shear force Vu = 405.54 kN

Design of Top reinforcement (for -ve moments) at counterforts.

Nominal Shear stress tv = 0.624 N/mm2

For tc = 0.624
the required pt for shear requirement = 0.860 %

Mu
= 1.25 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.303 %

Hence, minimum pt to be provided = 0.860 %

Area of steel required = 5590.00 mm2

Using 20 dia bars, spacing required = 56.20 mm

Hence provide, 20 @ 100 mm c/c …1st Layer
+ 25 @ 200 mm c/c …2nd Layer
Area of Steel provided = 5595.96 mm2
pt provided = 0.86 > 0.860
… OK
Distance beyond 1.0m from free edge, only minimum reinforcement provided.
Minimum area of steel required = 780 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 145.00 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 125 mm c/c
Area of Steel provided = 904.78 < 780
… OK

Design of Bottom reinforcement (for +ve moments) at mid-span of heel slab.

Mu
= 0.94 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.224 %
Area of steel required = 1456.00 mm2

Using 16 dia bars, spacing required = 138.09 mm

Hence provide, 16 @ 125 mm c/c

Area of Steel provided = 1608.50 mm2

pt provided = 0.25 > 0.224
… OK

Distribution Steel, provide minimum 0.12% of concrete area.

Area of distribution steel required = 780 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 145.00 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 125 mm c/c
Area of Steel provided = 904.78 < 780
… OK

Design of Heel slab for cantilever action.

Consider triangular loading on the heel slab to be carried by cantilever action with fixity at the face
of Stem.

Load intensity at the face of Stem = 5.04 kN/m2 …Acting Downward

Load intensity at 1.75m from face of Stem = 191.27 kN/m 2
…Acting Downward

Total bending moment on triangular portion = 150.30 kN.m

This moment is distributed non-uniformly across the width of 3.50m.

For design purpose, the max. moment intensity may be taken as two times the average value.

Mumax = 128.83 kN.m

 Mu
= 0.30 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.070 %
Area of steel required = 455.00 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 248.57 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 125 mm c/c

Area of Steel provided = 904.78 mm2

pt provided = 0.14 > 0.070
… OK

Design of Vertical Stem :

The simplified analysis procedure adopted for the heel slab is used here for the vertical Stem also.

The cantilever action is limited to the bottom region only with fixity at the junction of the stem
with the base slab.
Elsewhere, the stem is treated as a continuous beam spanning between the counterforts.
The bending moment reduce along the height of the stem, owing to the reduction in the lateral
pressures with increasing height.

Height of Stem above base = 9.8 m

Intensity of earth pressure at the base of stem,
= 65.27 kN/m2
Factored Pressure wu = 97.90 kN/m2

Clear Spacing of counterforts = 3.5 m

Design of Stem for continuous beam action.

At Base.
Overall depth of Stem D = 550 mm
Effective depth of Stem d = 500 mm
Effective Span l = 4.00 m

Max. -ve moment in stem near counterfort = 130.536 kN.m

Max mid-span moment = 97.902 kN.m
Design shear force = 122.3775 kN

Design of reinforcement for -ve moments near counterforts

Mu
= 0.52 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.122 %
Area of steel required = 610.00 mm2
Minimum Area of steel = 600.00 mm2
Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 188.50 mm
Hence provide, 12 @ 150 mm c/c
Area of Steel provided = 753.98 mm2
pt provided = 0.15 > 0.122
… OK

check for shear at base,

Nominal Shear stress tv = 0.245 N/mm2

Design of reinforcement for +ve moments at mid-span

The minimum reinforcement requirement will govern the design on both faces,

Provide 12 @ 150 mm c/c at both faces of the stem upto 1/3rd height above base.

At 1/3rd height above base

Overall depth of Stem D = 550 mm
Effective depth of Stem d = 500 mm
Effective Span l = 4.00 m

Max. -ve moment in stem near counterfort = 87.024 kN.m

Mu
= 0.35 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.082 %
Area of steel required = 410.00 mm2
Minimum Area of steel = 600.00 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 188.50 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 150 mm c/c

Area of Steel provided = 753.98 mm2

pt provided = 0.15 > 0.082
… OK

c/c at both faces of the stem from 1/3rd to 2/3rd height above
Provide 12 @ 150 mm
base.

At 2/3rd height above base

Overall depth of Stem D = 375 mm
Effective depth of Stem d = 325 mm
Effective Span l = 3.825 m

Max. -ve moment in stem near counterfort = 39.787985 kN.m

 Mu
= 0.38 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.089 %
Area of steel required = 289.25 mm2
Minimum Area of steel = 390.00 mm2

Using 10 dia bars, spacing required = 201.38 mm

Hence provide, 10 @ 200 mm c/c

Area of Steel provided = 392.70 mm2

pt provided = 0.12 > 0.089
… OK

Provide 10 @ 200 mm c/c at both faces of the stem at top 1/3rd height of the wall.

Design of Stem for cantilever action.

Consider the triangular loading on the stem to be carried by cantilever action.

Intensity of earth pressure at the base of stem,

= 65.27 kN/m2

Intensity of horizontal pressure at a distance of 1.75m from the base of stem

= 53.61 kN/m2

Total bending moment on triangular portion = 132.07 kN.m

This moment is distributed non-uniformly across the width of 3.50m.

For design purpose, the max. moment intensity may be taken as 2 times the average value.
Mumax = 113.20 kN.m/m

Overall depth of Stem D = 550 mm

Effective depth of Stem d = 500 mm

Mu
= 0.45 N/mm2
bd2
the required pt for bending moment = 0.105 %
Area of steel required = 525.00 mm2
Minimum Area of steel = 600.00 mm2

Using 12 dia bars, spacing required = 188.50 mm

Hence provide, 12 @ 150 mm c/c

Area of Steel provided = 753.98 mm2

pt provided = 0.15 > 0.105
… OK
Design of Counterfort :

Design of counterfort for T-beam action,

Thickness of counterfort = 0.3 m
Clear Spacing of counterforts = 3.5 m
Hence, each counterfort receives earth pressure from a width of 3.8 m

at Base
The intensity of earth pressure at the base of stem
Pa = 69.3 kN/m2
Bending Moment Mu = 7258.3088 kN.m
Shear Force Vu = 2073.8025 kN

Overall Depth at base = 2740 mm

Effective depth at base = 2690 mm

Effective Flange width bf = 5233 mm

b + clear span of slab bf = 3800 mm

Hence, effective flange width bf = 3800 mm

Lever arm = 2421 mm

Area of steel required = 6892 mm2

Using 25 dia bars, spacing required = 14.04 Nos

Hence provide, 15 T 25