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 Cambridge Library CoLLeCtion
Books of enduring scholarly value

Literary studies
This series provides a high-quality selection of early printings of literary works,
textual editions, anthologies and literary criticism which are of lasting scholarly
interest. Ranging from Old English to Shakespeare to early twentieth-century
work from around the world, these books offer a valuable resource for scholars in
reception history, textual editing, and literary studies.

Jacke Jugeler
This 1914 scholarly edition of the mid-sixteenth-century play Jacke Jugeler
contains an informative introduction and detailed notes. Little-known today, the
play represents a pre-Shakespearean example of classical ‘borrowing’ – a Roman
play by Plautus is adapted to an English domestic situation – and it is one of the
first instances of confused identity and ‘doubles’ in English comedy. The text of
this edition is taken from the unique original, probably published around 1562,
in the collection of the Duke of Devonshire. In his Introduction, W. H. Williams
proposes the likely identity of the play’s author, and provides an analysis of the play’s
language to support his claim. He examines the connections in method, characters
and language between Jacke Jugeler and Ralph Roister Doister, a play written and
performed around the same time.
Cambridge University Press has long been a pioneer in the reissuing of out-of-
print titles from its own backlist, producing digital reprints of books that are still
sought after by scholars and students but could not be reprinted economically using
traditional technology. The Cambridge Library Collection extends this activity to a
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either for the source material they contain, or as landmarks in the history of their
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Drawing from the world-renowned collections in the Cambridge University
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The Cambridge Library Collection will bring back to life books of enduring
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 Jacke Jugeler
William Henry Wi lliams
 C a m b R I D g E U n I v E R SI t y P R E S S

Cambridge new york melbourne madrid Cape town Singapore São Paolo Delhi

Published in the United States of america by Cambridge University Press, new york

www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108002608

© in this compilation Cambridge University Press 2009

This edition first published 1914

This digitally printed version 2009

ISbn 978-1-108-00260-8

This book reproduces the text of the original edition. The content and language reflect
the beliefs, practices and terminology of their time, and have not been updated.
 CONTENTS

PAGE

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . vii

TEXT OF THE PLAY . . . . . . I

NOTES . . . . . . . . 47

APPENDIX : FRAGMENT O F A LATER EDITION . . 69

INDEX TO THE NOTES . . . . . . 73

 INTRODUCTION1.
§ i. T E X T . T h e text of the present edition is taken from
the unique original in the collection of His Grace the Duke of
Devonshire, K.G.
§ 2. DATE. In vol. i. p. 202 of Arber's Transcript of the
Registers of the Company of Stationers of London, 1554-1640 A.D.,
(corresponding to fol. 85 b of Register A), occurs the following
entry :
Recevyd of William Coplande for his lycense for pryntinge of an
interlude intituled Jack Juggeler and mistress Boundgrace . . iiijd
The part of the Register in which this occurs extends from
fol. 84 a-92 a, and is headed ' ffor Takynge of ffynes for Copyes
as folowethe.' This again is part of the ' accompte made by...
Wardens of the Companye of Stacioners of all such sommes of
monye as hathe comme to theare handes from the xxij th Daye of
July Anno 1562 vnto the xxij of July Anno 1563 which ys by
the space of one hole yere as folowethe.'
The 'accompte' for the 12 months fills fol. 82a-fol. 96 b.
The entry of the payment for Jack Juggeler is 36th out of
124. Five entries back is one ' Recevyd of garrard Dewes for his
lycense for pryntinge of a pycture of [a] monsterus pygge at
Hamsted iiij d .' Arber's note on this is, ' the broadside is
entitled The description of a monstrous pig, the which was farrowed
at Hamsted besyde London, the xvi day of October, the present yeare of
our Lord God, MDLxij.'
1
Part of this Introduction was published in The Modern Language Review,
July 1912.
W. J. J. b
viii Jacke Jugeler
This, and the comparatively early occurrence of the entry
about Jack Juggeler (the lists are not alphabetical), suggest that
the entry was still in 1562. No. 53 was a payment in respect of
Crestenmas Carroles. This again points to 1562. It may be
added that William Copland issued books with his imprint from
1548 to 1561 (D.N.B.).
We may therefore conclude that an edition of Jack Juggeler
was probably published in the year 1562. The two loose leaves,
which by the courtesy of His Grace the Duke of Devonshire are
here reproduced, may have belonged to this edition, as the spelling
is much later than that of the complete copy, which we shall see
reason to believe was written before 1552.
The probability of this assumption depends upon the relation
of Jacke Jugeler (as we will spell it when referring to the older
edition), and Ralph Roister Doister.
We may assume that Ralph Roister Doister was written in
1552. It is not necessary to discuss the question here, but the
reasons may be found in the preface to the edition of the play
in the Temple Dramatists (ed. Williams-Robin), pp. v-vii.
What reasons are there for believing that Jacke Jugeler was
written before Ralph Roister Doister ?
Whether written by the same person or not, there is evidently
a close connexion between the two plays in method, characters,
and language.
[a) Method. Both adapt episodes from Latin comedy to
the environment of Tudor London, and embody more or less
literal transcripts from Plautus. The prologue of Ralph Roister
Doister is either a condensed paraphrase of the prologue of
Jacke Jugeler, or that is an expansion of the main points of the
other.
(b) Characters. Mayster Boungrace corresponds to Gawyn
Goodlucke, Dame Coye to Christian Custance, Jacke Jugeler to
Mathewe Merygreeke, Jenkyn Careawaye to Truepenie, Ales
trype and go to Tibet Talk apace.
 Introduction IX

(c) Language. Among the more obvious resemblances of

language may be noted:

Jacke Jugeler Ralph Roister Doister

69. you shal here a thing y' onlie 1. i. 59. I can when I will make
shal make you merie & glad. him mery and glad.
137. my cosune Careawaie. m . i. 4. my cousin Roister Dois-

148. by cokes prceious (sic) potstike. in. iv. 127. by cocks precious pot-
sticke.
228. she swimmeth to and fro. 11. iii. 46. ye shall see hir glide
and swimme.
317. saint Gorge ye boroue. iv. viii. 45. sainct George to borow.
318. ieopard a ioynt. iv. viii. 17. ieoparde my hande.
348. who lustith to feale shall find HI. iii. 96. I might feele your soule
his hart creping out at his departing within an
heele. inche of your heele.
430. In nomine patris. 1. iv. 49. Nomine patris.
486. Truce for a whyle. iv. viii. 33. truce for a pissing while
or twaine.
496. beate on mee, tyll I stinke. iv. iii. 120. I shall cloute thee tyll
thou stinke.
593. by gods precious. iv. viii. 40 by cocks precious.
615. well curryed. 1. iii. 77- a curried cote.
640. let me alone. 1. ii. 175. lette me alone.
726. this wagepastie. III. ii. 10. a little wagpastie.
731. the matter lyeth gretylie me a I. iv. 9. this lieth vpon his pre-
pon. ferment.
861. I shall rape thee. in. v. 93. rappe you agame.
976. hence to Jherusalem. IV. vii. 60. hennes to grece.
e
1013. cal y other his good maister. iv. vii. 100. be good maister to her.
If these resemblances are allowed to establish a prima facie
probability of connexion between the two plays, whether written
by the same person or not, which of the two was more likely to
be written before the other ?
Jacke Jugeler is a one-act farce on the lines of Heywood's
interludes, with three scenes (vv. 84-601, 602-773, 774~992)>
and five characters, needing only three or four performers (if the
b2
x Jacke Jugeler
prologue and the epilogue were recited by one), the parts being
distributed thus : — i . Careawaye, 2. Jugeler and Dame Coye,
3. Ales and Mayster Boungrace ; or, 1. Careawaye, 2. Jugeler
and Ales, 3. Dame Coye, 4. Mayster Boungrace. The time of
the action is only an hour, and the place is unchanged.
Ralph Roister Doister is a regularly constructed comedy of five
acts subdivided into numerous scenes, with 13 characters requiring
as many as 10 actors even if some of the minor parts are combined.
The time required for the action is two days. The place, as in
Jacke Jugeler, need not be changed, the scene being laid before
Custance's house, but the characters are more elaborated and
individualised than their somewhat sketchy and conventional
counterparts.
Which of these then is likely to have preceded the other in
order of time, the outline or the finished work ? If they were both
written by the same person, probability almost amounts to absolute
certainty. In that case Ralph Roister Doister can no more have
preceded Jacke Jugeler than the full corn in the ear can precede
the blade, or the fruit the blossom. Was then Jacke Jugeler
written by the author of Ralph Roister Doister ?
§ 3. AUTHOR. The verbal resemblances between Jacke Jugeler
and Ralph Roister Doister would not by themselves prove that the
two pieces were composed by the same hand. The author of the
one play may have copied from the other. But if we find
striking similarities of language between Jacke Jugeler and the non-
dramatic works of the author of Ralph Roister Doister the
identity of authorship becomes vastly more probable. Such are :

Jacke Jugeler Udall's prose works

42. And Cicero Tullius Apophthegmes, f. 279, 'Marcus
in that his fyrst boke which Tullius in ye thirde booke of that his
he wrot, and entytulid, of an honest werke entitleed, de qficiis, (that is to
mans office. saie, of honeste behauour, or, how
eche manne ought to vse and to
demeane hymselfe).'
 Introduction XI

Jacke Jugeler Udall's prose works

85. Rest you merye. Floures, ' Amice salue. Good felow
god you saue, or, o louynge frend
god rest you mery.'
108. god before. Apoph. f. 152, 'For the grekes
saien crvv 6(ois, with the Goddes,
for that we saye in englyshe, Goddes
pleasure beeyng so, or, by the wyll
and grace of God, or, and God
before, or, God saiyng amen.'
145. oon faire.toche. Apoph. f. 105, 'yea and for a faire
touche.'
249. I may giue my life for halpenis Floures, ' ego perierim, I am vtter-
three. lye vndone, or I may gyue my lyfe
for an halfepeny.'
293. arayed. Erasm. Par. Luke xiii. 11, 'Araied
with a disease.' Apophth. f. 315,
' eiuill araied.'
482. no poynt. Apoph. f. 137, 'estemed the fruite
to bee no poyncte the more polluted.'
615. curryed. Floures, ' Verberibus casum te, &c.
I woll all to currie the, &c.'
657. as sholde be to him a corrasiue. Apoph. f. 154, 'geuen no bodye a
corrosif.'
674. breched in suche a brake. Erasm. Par. Luke, Pref. 6 b . 'So
should I in this matier stand in a
streight brake.'
731. the matter lyeth gretylie me Floures, ' Scin ad te attinere hanc
apon. omnetn rem ? Doest thou remembre
that all this matter perteyneth to the ?
or lyeth the vppon ?'
908. fauoure your fyste. Floures, ' tibi pane, fauour or
spare your selfe.'
If in addition to these resemblances of language we find in Jacke
Jugeler obviously autobiographical allusions which may be explained
by known facts in the life of Udall the probability of his author-
ship is still further increased.
The facts are as follow. Certain silver images and other
plate were alleged to have been stolen from Eton when Udall was
xii Jacke Jugeler
head-master. The matter came before the Privy Council at
Westminster on the 12th of March, 1541/2, when William
Emlar, a goldsmith of London, was examined on the charge of
buying them, ' and beying suspected to have used hym self lewdly
in the handlyng of the matter was committed to the porter's
warde' (Nicolas, Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council,
vol. 7, pp. 152—3). John Hoorde and Thomas Cheney, late
scholars of Eton, were also examined for the same robbery,
and confessing the fact in writing were committed to the custody
of the clerk of the check of the King's guard. Lastly, on the
14th of March—
' Nycolas Uvedale scoolemaster of Eton beyng sent for as suspect to be
counsail of a robbery lately committed at Eton by Thomas Cheney John
Horde, scolers of the sayd scole, and Gregory a servant to the sayd
scolemaster, and having certain interrogatories ministred unto hym toching
the sayd fact and other felonious trespasses wherof he was suspected did
confess that he did comitt a heinous offence with the sayd Cheney sundry
tymes hertofore and of late the vjth day of this present monethe in this
present yere at London : wherupon he was committed to the Marshalsey.'

In consequence of this Udall was summarily dismissed

from his mastership. Yet in spite of his confession there are
good reasons for believing that he was innocent of the graver
charges brought against him. Had they been true he would have
been ruined for life. Instead of which we find him still vicar of
Braintree in 1544, bearer of the Lord Privy Seal's letter to the
Bishop of Carlisle, then resident at Eton, and soon in high favour
at court, and associated in literary work with the Princess Mary
(Cooper, Ralph Roister Doister, p. xxiv). A letter is extant from
Udall to some unknown patron who has been unsuccessfully
endeavouring to procure his restitution to the mastership of Eton
(Letters of Eminent Literary Men, Camden Society, pp. 1-7).
From this we gather that his influential friend has ' susteined
gret travaill, peines, and trouble in that behalf,' and that Udall
wished to recover the position ' only of an honest purpose to
 Introduction xiii
discharge my debtes, and by litle and litle as I might to paye every
man his own.' He craves to be bestowed to ' suche condition
where I maye by sobre livyng bee recovered to sum state of an
honest man.' He admits that he has deserved his patron's dis-
pleasure and indignation, but trusts that his offences ' humana
quidem esse et emendari posse? If received to grace and favour he
hopes that ' this your correpcion shall bee a sufficient scourge to
make me, during my lif, more wise and more ware utterly for
ever to eschewe and avoid all kindes of all maner excesses and
abuses that have been reported to reigne in me.' He admits that,
the more tenderly his benefactor had favoured and loved him, the
more grievously he must take his ' lewdnes and foly,' but he hopes
for the mercy and forgiveness due ' to all suche as with wholl
herte and purpose of emendemente without dissymulation returne to
the holsome pathe of honestee, from whiche by youth or frailtee
thei have chaunced for a tyme to swerve.' He speaks of his
patron's clemency making ' of an unthrifte an honest man,' and
gives examples of young men who, after being ' of a veray
riottous and dissolute sorte of livynge' in youth, have become
monuments ' of all frugalitee, religion, sobrietee, and holynes.'
Lastly, in a sentence which seems to sum up the situation, he
begs his patron to ' accepte this myn honest chaunge from vice to
vertue, from prodigalitee to frugall livyng, from negligence of
teachyng to assiduitee, from playe to studie, from lightness to
gravitee.'
In this letter, while there is the fullest and even the most abject
acknowledgement of extravagance, laxity, and neglect of duty, there
is no admission of the graver offences with which he was charged.
We are confronted then with two apparently conflicting con-
clusions, (i) that Udall confessed his guilt before the Privy
Council, (2) that he was probably innocent. How are these to
be reconciled ?
If Jacke Jugeler was written by Udall the explanation is given
in the epilogue.
xiv Jacke Jugeler
In the first stanza of the epilogue we are pointedly invited to
look for some ulterior significance in the play. Though the cat
in the proverb had lost her eye there was some meaning in her
wink ; in other words, though one cannot speak out one may
hint and suggest. No tale can be told ' but that sum Englyshe
maye be piked therof out,' i.e. some modern application may be
discovered (v. note on 1. 996). ' A s this trifling enterlud...may
signifie sum further meaning if it be well serched.' Could
anything be plainer ?
It is the fashion nowadays—
' That the symple innosaintes ar deluded
And an hundred thousand diuers waves
By suttle and craftye meanes shamefullie abused
And by strength force and violence oft tymes compelled
To beliue and saye the moune is made of a grene chese
Or ells haue great harme, and parcace their life lese.'

It is an old saying that might, force, strength, power, and

colourable subtlety oppress, debar, overrun and defeat right. The
poor simple innocent that has had wrong and injury must call the
other his ' good maister ' for showing him such mercy. [Cf. such
phrases in Udall's letter as, ' right worshipfull and my singlar
good Maister' ; ' sens the tyme that your maistership, at the
intercession of my good frendes, promised upon myn honest
demeanure fromthensforthe to be my good Maister'; ' bee good
maister to me this .oons' ; ' I trust ye wold become better maister
unto me.' The title ' your maistership ' occurs 18 times in the
letter.]

' And as it is daylie syne for fere of ferther disprofite

He must that man his best frende and maister call
Of whome he neuer receiued any maner benefite
And at whose hand he neuer han any good at all
And must graunt, affirme, or denie, whatsoeuer he shall
He must saye the Croue is whight, yf he be so commaunded
Ye and that he himselfe is into another body chaunged.'
 Introduction xv
The next stanza is still more significant if it was written by
Udall—
' He must saye he dyd amysse, though he neuer dyd offend
He must aske forgeuenes, where he did no trespace
Or ells be in troble, care and meserye without ende
And be cast in sum arrierage, without any grace
And that thing he sawe done before his owne face
He must by compulsion, stifelie denye
And for feare whether he woll or not saye tonge you lye.'
The reference to being ' cast in some arrearage' would be
explained by passages of the letter in which Udall speaks of his
' honest purpose to discharge my debtes,' and says that if his patron
should reject and cast him off, ' though I wer in noo manns daunger,
yet noo man of honor or honestee woll either receive me, or dooe
for me, or favour me, or looke on me.' Again, at the end of the
letter he says, ' where percase aeris alieni magnitude animum tuum
deterret I doubte not, havyng your maistershippes favour and good
helpe, to bee hable to shake it of within two or three yeres at
the uttirmust by suche meanes as I shall declare unto your
maistership if it maye please the same to heare me.'
The epilogue continues in the same marked strain—
'He that is stronger and more of power and might
Yf he be disposed to reuenge his cause
Woll sone pike a quarell be it wronge or right
To the inferior and weker for a cople of straues
And woll agaynst him so extremelie lay the lawes
That he wol put him to the worse, other by false iniurie
Or by some craft and subtelete, or ells by plaine teranie.'
From all this we gather that some simple innocent person has
been beguiled by subtlety and forced by violence to accept and
affirm obvious impossibilities. Some influential personage has
picked a quarrel with him and ruined him by the dishonest or
arbitrary exercise of the laws. He has been compelled to call his
oppressor benefactor for sparing him, and to 'hold up his yea
and nay' even to denying his own identity. Under penalty of
endless trouble and misery, of being arrested for debt, and being
xvi Jacke Jugeler
imprisoned without hope of release, he has had to confess and to ask
forgiveness for an offence of which he was guiltless, to deny what
he saw done before his eyes, and to give himself the lie.
May we not fairly conjecture that this is UdalPs own account
of the circumstances of his dismissal ? It is a significant fact that
his place was filled immediately by a temporary successor, and
subsequently by a Mr Tyndall, whom the Bishop of Carlisle in
acknowledging the letter conveyed by Udall from the Lord Privy
Seal calls ' your own true scholere and bedman.' Did the Lord
Privy Seal want to get Udall out in order to put his own true
scholar and bedeman in ? Failing to inculpate him in the
alleged robbery of plate, did he, partly by threats, partly by
promises of paying his debts, induce him wrongfully to confess
other offences which would be enough to justify his summary
dismissal ? Did Udall, some seven years after, finding all these
promises vain, and feeling himself strong enough in court favour
to defy his oppressor, resolve in this allegorical way to repudiate his
fictitious confession and rehabilitate himself in the eyes of the public ?
§ 4. UDALL'S DRAMATIC WORKS. Bale, in the Catalogus (1557),
states that Udall wrote comoedias plures. In the Loseky Manuscripts
(ed. Kempe, pp. 62—3), we have a warrant dormer from Queen
Mary to the ' maister and yeoman of the office of our Revells for
the time being' beginning :—' Wheras our welbeloved Nicolas
Udall hath at soondrie seasons convenient heretofore shewed, and
myndeth hereafter to shewe, his dilligence in setting foorth of Dia-
logues and Enterludes before us fo' ou' regell disporte and recreacion
...we will and comaunde you...that ye deliver...to the said Udall
.. .out of our office of revelles, such apparell for his use as he shal
thinke necessarie and requisite for the furnisshinge and condigne
setting forthe of his devises before us.' This is dated ' the iii daye of
Decembre, in the seconde yere of ou' reigne.'
Again (tb. p. 90) among extracts from accounts relating to the
Office of the Revels, we find under the date X'mas, 1 and 2
Phil, and Mary, an item, ' certen plaies made by Nicholas Udall
 Introduction xvii
and ther incydents.' In Nichols's Progresses of Elizabeth, m. 177
(Cooper, R.R.D. p. xxxiii), under the year 1564 it is recorded
that one of Udall's works was performed before Elizabeth on her
visit to Cambridge :—' 1564. This day (Aug, 8) was nothing
done publique, save that at 9 of the clocke at night an English
play called Ezekias, made by Mr Udall, and handled by King's
College men only.'
§ 5. PERFORMANCE OF Jacke Jugeler. There are two passages in
the play which enable us to fix with tolerable certainty the time
of year at which Jacke Jugeler was performed. When the actor
who took the part of Jacke Jugeler enters (vv. 84-7), he greets
the audience in the following words :
' Our lord of Heuen and swete sainte Jhone
Rest you merye my maisters euerychone
And I praye to Christ and swete saint Steuen
Send you all many a good euine."
Again, the epilogue ends with the line :
' I praye god graunt, and send many a good newe yere.'
Now, as the festival of St Stephen falls on the 26th of December
and that of St John on the 27th, the conclusion is irresistible that
the play was written to be performed on some day or days between
December 26th and 31st.
That it was written to be acted by boys is evident from
vv. 75-6 :
' For this maker shewed vs that suche maner thinges
Doo neuer well besime litle boyes handelinges.'
§ 6. SOURCES. The episode of Jacke Jugeler and Careawaye,
vv. 331-637, is based upon the scene between Mercurius and
Sosia in the Amphitruo of Plautus (Act 1. Sc. i.), vv. 263—462
(ed. Goetz-Schoell). The dialogue between Boungrace and Care-
awaye, vv. 774—924, is an imitation of that between Amphitruo
and Sosia (Act 11. Sc. i.), vv. 551-632. The rest of the play
seems to be original.
 xviii Jacke Jugeler
§ 7. SPELLING. The spelling of the unique copy in His Grace
the Duke of Devonshire's collection shows certain marked and
consistent peculiarities which prove that it belongs to an earlier
edition than that represented by the two loose leaves which are
contained in that copy and reproduced by the courtesy of his
Grace (we believe for the first time) in the present edition. It
will be noticed that the spelling of the fragment is comparatively
modern and contemporary with the period at which the later
edition was licensed for publication (v. § 2).
The following is a summary of the chief peculiarities of
spelling in the original edition :
a > e. emongs (13, 258) ; couerd (353) ; tvhilberow (417) ; remembrence
(729) ; gethered (902) ; cheryte (939) ; •vncomperable (952).
a > o. my (597).
e > a (before r). sartayne (171) ; parchaunce (297) ; hard (352, 598, 878,
884); marcy (471, 911) ; marchent (759) ; sarue (796) ; sarueth (819) ;
maruael (825) ; parcace (977, 1006).
e > e a . leasone ( 1 0 0 ) ; leaf ( 1 0 9 ) ; feache (143, 7 1 8 ) ; featche ( 1 5 1 ) ;
rekeaninges (171) ; geate (356, 419) ; heare (481, 575) ; make (577) ;
shaping (609) ; cheare (646) ; meat (722) ; meaue (826).
e > ei. theim (535, 641, 754).
e > i. nides (niddes) (17, 141, 730, 801) ; besime (76) ; euine (89) ; reckine
(91) ; nedithe (97) ; dnvellith (113) ; cumithe (137, 639, 689, 695) ;
maisteris (151, 184, 202, 636) ; gatherid (155) ; spokine (190) ;
simithe (191) ; pice (217) ; simperith, prankith (226) ; tredith (229) ;
quauerith, nuardelith (231) ; ivike (274, 297) ; spid (276) ; tokine
(283) ; folonvid (286) ; standith (325) ; thiues (346) ; beginnith (347) ;
makith, lustith (348) ; spedith (355) ; hunderid (358) ; nuashith (368) ;
chise (382) ; iveighith (383) ; tvaghtth (384) ; iv/iilberoiv (417) ;
drunkin (441) ; maisterlis (479) ; siie (541, 860) ; entendith (586) ;
shakin (592) ; heuine (602) ; monethis (651) ; seruithe (669) ; disposid
(687) ; handelid (710, 987) ; besiche (732, 937) ; bitwine (754) ;
darist (774) ; knonvith (777) ; placis (787) ; commaundiment (809) ;
nuhither (829) ; dremid (834) ; bisiche (871) ; £?/««<? (874, 1005) ; euin
(875) i speakith (884) ; scaterid (901) ; rcwfe (925) ; /&«#>*'» (953).
e > y . byliue ( 1 7 8 ) ; »y (191, 2 5 8 ) ; nyde (194); myruayllus ( 2 5 9 ) ;
commaundyd (260) ; dyd [dyde] (293, 620, 958) ; byne (609, 610, 709,
761, 767, 931, 932, 935) ; lyse (619) ; pryue (621) ; byhauiore (663) ;
 Introauction xix
handelyd (760) ; belyue (827) ; euyn (876) ; blyssyd (879) ; faryd
(935) 5 fytwene (974)-
ee > i. betwine ( 1 1 9 ) ; misdime ( 2 9 1 ) ; wine ( 7 0 8 ) ; thif ( 7 4 6 ) ; sine
(821).
i > e. whether (183, 628) ; hether (510) ; set (645) ; twrf (652) ; be (687,
723) ; maruael (825) ; meserye (1023).
i > ey. theyther (718).
i > ie. fiend (250).
o > a. corrasiue (657).
o > e. yender (256, 689) ; buttens (348).
o > i. iuantin (255).
o > u. furtune (62) ; cumpanie (cumpany) (92, 859) ; seasune (270) ; reasunt
(271) ; undune (767).
u > a. apon (175, 566, 600, 731).
u>au. haungrie (380).
u>e. tredging{\zi).
u > i. this (751).
u > o. loke (180) ; soffred (727).
y > e. me (199) ; ioylile (725) ; teranie (1048).

Other peculiarities of spelling are :

scentence (65) ; compasced ( n o ) ; shurlie (206) ; getteth \_=jetteth~\ (226) ;
dought (498) ; dubtles (637) ; Jfe//* (722) ; poumile (725) ; behalphe (762) ;
calphe (763) ; mofe (804, 805, 812) ; Jfofo (813) ; troiest (822) ; shadoo
(822-3) j iuaight(Z$$) ; at tonce (860) ; J«c«g^ (861) ; scacelye (945) ; fouay
(956) ; sertaine (966) ; innosaintes (1001) ; fatf/tf (!°°3) j moune (1005) ;
whight (1019) ; matters (1038) ; cople (1045).
Words afterwards compounded are frequently printed apart,
e.g.:
with in (6, 330, 34.4, 553) ; with out (28, 300, 526, 1023) ; her 0/(29) »
who so (45) ; in too (82) ; with al (116) ; a late (119) ; albe it (122) ; gentle
man (124) ; a ivaye (140, 421, 601, 606, 877, 955) ; sume what (150, 642) ;
too morow (197) ; a nother (201, 541, 627, 783, 1020) ; after noons (219) ;
after noone (525) ; a wrye (229) ; a non (240, 260, 762) ; wher 'upon (264) ;
a lone (279) ; a loon (601) ; no nother (328) ; a fier (354) ; a curste (354) ;
me thinketh (364) ; a sleepe (365) ; a mendes (395, 869) ; a gayne (461, 466,
667, 697, 956) ; a mysse (472, 1021) ; a bout (479, 569, 725) ; a pon (566,
731) ; a moyde (590) ; heretofore (598) ; noo bodie (639) ; euery chone (641) ;
a aiou (708) ; a paied (735) ; a <uise (742) ; straight wayes (779) ; 'under
stood (838) ; a brod (964) ; now a dayes (1000).
XX Jacke Jugeler
§ 8 . FRAGMENT OF LATER EDITION. One leaf of the fragment
corresponds to fol. D. ii. a (vv. 696-718) and to fol. D. iii. b (vv.
775-802) of the complete copy ; the other to fol. D. ii. b and D.
iii. a (vv. 719-774). (See Appendix.)
T h e following differences of reading, other than spelling, may
be noted :

Complete Copy Fragment

711. ' beat me ' ' beaten'
7i5- omits ' misteris'
717. 'is' 'was'
718. 'was* ' wast'
723. 'But' ' By' [a misprint.]
inserts ' first' before ' he '
7*4- inserts ' present' after ' were '
725. 'wold' ' could'
726. 'drunken' 'drunck'
736. ' I knew verie well' ' this mischaunce also fel'
747. 'And I charge thee cum in my ' And come no more in my presence '
presens no more'
756. 'haue with me parte ' ' with me haue part'
758. (head-line) ' Jacke iugler' 'Jugler'
764. 'angered' ' an angred'
768. 'But now I haue reuenged my ' Wei, sith that now reuenged is my
quarell' quarel'
769. omits ' this'
774. 'darist' ' dare'
776. inserts ' you ' after ' tolde '
777. ' fblkes knowith' ' folke knowe'
784. (head-line) ' Boungrace ' ' Maister Boungrace'
789. ' I shreue' ' Beshrew *
798. (head-line) ' Boungrace ' ' Maister Boungrace'
802. 'said' ' saydst'
From this it is evident that the fragment represents a careful
revision of the original edition so as to bring it up to modern
requirements in the matters of punctuation, spelling, grammar and
metre. The punctuation has been corrected, but an unfortunate
convention has been adopted, by which a colon has been put at
 Introduction xxi
the end of the first line of each couplet and a full stop at the end
of the second, without reference to the sense. Constructions that
had become archaic have been modernised, e.g. ' was thou ' becomes
'wast t h o u ' ; 'thou said' becomes 'thou saydst.' The metre
has been normalised by changing the order of the words, or by
the addition or omission of expletives. These are all printer's
corrections, and merely imply that the original copy was carefully
' edited ' for later publication.
§ 9. MODERN EDITIONS. In 1820 The Interludes of Jack
Jugler and Thersytes were edited for the Roxburghe Club by
Joseph Haslewood. Jacke Jugeler was included in Four Old Plays
(ed. Child, 1848), and in Hazlitt's edition of Dodsley's Old English
Plays (1874). Dr Grosart reprinted it directly from the original,
adding an introduction and notes, in vol. IV of his Miscellanies of
the Fuller Worthies Library (printed for private circulation,
1872-1876).
The editor desires to acknowledge his obligation to the Duke
of Devonshire for permission to photograph the pages of the
unique original in the Chatsworth Library ; to the late Duke of
Devonshire for similar courtesy in respect of the two loose leaves
of another edition, contained in the unique copy and here repro-
duced as an appendix ; also to Mrs S. Arthur Strong, formerly
Librarian and Keeper of the Duke of Devonshire's Collections,
for taking the two leaves to Oxford to be photographed at the
Clarendon Press ; also to Professor E. Bensly for extracts from
Arber's Transcript of the Stationers' Register, and to Professor
Bang for the suggestion that Jacke Jugeler was written by Nicholas
Udall.
XX11 Jacke Jugeler

Irregular, Doubtful and Erroneous Readings.

The following are the readings of the original edition :

25. industruis 494. iacke iugler (misplaced)

Instie 515- y e (y'?)
28. with out 527. Aud
41. Ppilosophers 590. slinking
104. yers ? 658. maisterishps
105. yon 713. lytle (broken t)
148. prceious 735. full (broken f)
171. Sartayde 742. bete (broken t)
207. sumpretie 777. I (inverted)
217. gingerlte 798. knane
228. Se 825. maruael
23 T. wardelith 861. knanes
239. tael 870. befound
310. stoding 878. a other
427. lynes 925. swite
438. Caerawaye 934. hane
452. thyne ? 968. waister
464. Careawaye (misplaced) 985. I
465. chaung 997. yfso
466. see (thee ?) 1005. aud
481. y^y 1 ?) 1044. wollsone
486. one 1060. gidau
thy
490. cae (contraction of Care-
awaye ?)
 gant
% <&£nteltuoman
fenbtncareatoa?
3legi trppe anD go

J. j .
 i< THE PROLOGUE

I N t e r p o n e tuis interdum gaudia curis

U t possis animo quemues sufferre laborem
Doo any of you knowe what latine is this
O r ells wold you haue, an expositorem
T o declare it in Englyshe, per sensum planiorem 5
It is best I speake Englyshe, or ells with in a whylle
I may percace myne owne selfe, with my latin begile.

T h e two verses, which I rehersid before

I finde written, in the boke of Cato the wyse
E m o n g s good precepts, of lyuing a thousand more 10
W h i c h to folowe there, he doth all men auise
A n d they may be Englyshed, breflie in this wyse
E m o n g s thy earful busines, vse sume time mirth and ioye
T h a t no bodilye worke, thy wyttes breke or noye.

F o r the m y n d (saith he) in serious matters occupied 15

Y f it haue not sum quiet mirthe, and recreacion
Interchaungeable admixed, must niddes be sone weried
A n d (as who should saye) tried, through continual operacion
O f labour and busines, without relaxacion
Therfore intermix honest mirthe, in suche wise 20
T h a t your streght may be refreshid, and to labours suffise
 Jacke Jugeler 3
F o r as meat and drinke, naturall rest and slepe
F o r the conseruacion, and helth of the bodye
M u s t niddes be had, soo the m y n d and wittes to kepe
Pregnant, freshe industruis, quike and lnstie 25
H o n e s t mirthe, and pastime, is requisite and necessarie
For, Q u o d caret alterna requie durabile non est
Nothing may endure (saith O u y d ) with out sum rest.

Example, proufe her of in erth is well founde

Manifest open and verie euident 30
For except the husbandman suffer his grounde
Sum tymes to rest, it wol bere no frute verament
Therfore they lett the filde lye, euerie second yeare
T o the end that after rest, it may the better corne beare.

T h u s than (as I haue sayed) it is a thyng naturall 35

A n d naturallie belonging to all lyuing creatures
A n d vnto man especiallie, aboue others all
T o haue at times cOueniet pastauce, mirthe, and pleasurs
So thei be ioyned wt honestie, and keapt wt in due measurs
A n d the same well allowed not onlye the said Cato 4°
But also ye Ppilosophers, Plutarke, Socrates and Plato

A n d Cicero Tullius, a man sapient and wyse

Willeth the same, in that his fyrst boke
"Which he wrot, and entytulid, of an honest mans office
"Who so is disposid therupon to looke 45
"Wher to define, and offirme, he boldlie on him tooke
T h a t to here Enterluds, is pastime conuenient
F o r all maner men, and a thing congruent.
1—2
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