ABAQ AL ILM

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
JEDDAH

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PRACTICE BOOKLET

Name: __________________________

Grade: 9____
Table of contents:

UNITS NAME OF THE UNITS PAGES

UNIT 10 Communication 2-5

UNIT 6 ICT applications 6-27

UNIT 11 File management 28-31

UNIT 12 Images 32-36

UNIT 9 Audiences 37-43

UNIT 7 The systems life cycle 44-53

UNIT 14 Styles 54-57

UNIT 15 Proofing 58

UNIT 16 Graphs and Charts 59-60

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 10 COMMUNICATION
Tricky Terms
 Email is a technique of sending and receiving messages and files via the Internet.
 It is employed in personal communication, business communications, and marketing.

Netiquette is the proper conduct and politeness when using email.

Don’t be abusive
Don’t send spam
Be clear and concise with your message
Remember that posts are usually public and can be read by anyone.

Guidelines set by employers:

It is up to companies to decide if personal emails should be permitted on their systems
Companies may specify which company devices are allowed to be used
There needs to be a company standard style when sending emails
Carbon Copies (Cc) and Blind Carbon Copies (Bcc)
Carbon copies are used to send the email to multiple recipients.
Blind carbon copies are made to send the email to multiple recipients without them
acknowledging that it has been sent to other recipients.

Spam: It is defined as any unwanted email delivered via the Internet. These can range from
annoying to genuinely harmful, as they may contain viruses.

Characteristics of the Internet:

 Allows individuals from all around the world to connect and chat with one another
instantaneously
 It runs on a distributed network design, which means a single central authority does not
control it.
 The Internet is a vast network of linked computer networks and gadgets that
communicate with one another using the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP).
 The intranet is a secure network that operates within an organization using internet
technologies and protocols, such as TCP/IP.
 Extranets are managed private networks that can give access to third-party users and
give users, such as partners, suppliers, or clients, safe access to a portion of the
intranet.

Blog: It is a website or section of a website that continually shares new information,

frequently written informally or conversationally, similar to a journal. Usually presented in a
reverse chronological manner

Forum: an online discussion site where people can hold conversations in the form of posted
messages often organized around specific topics or interests and divided into categories
known as threads

Wiki:a type of website that allows users to add, remove, or edit content
designed to facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing from many people
The search engine algorithm determines the relevancy of information by considering
parameters such as keyword frequency & page quality.
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1. Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP): when a web page is being accessed, entering
http:// at the front of an address tells the web browser that ‘HTTP rules’ for communication
are to be obeyed.

2. Hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS): A secure version of HTTP that encrypts
data for security.

3. File transfer protocol (FTP): network protocol used when transferring files from one
computer to another over the internet. It is similar to HTTP, but the protocol specifically
transfers files.

4. Secure sockets layer (SSL): a protocol that allows data to be sent and received securely
over the internet.

1. Indicate which of the following statements are TRUE or FALSE by

Putting a tick (✓) in the appropriate box.

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2. Describe the features of the following:
A) Blog B) Wiki

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3 A company’s employees can have access to the internet and the company
intranet.
Describe the differences between an intranet and the internet.
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4. Tick which of these statements apply to a Blog, a Microblog or a Wiki.

5. Eight statements are given below. Indicate whether the statement is a feature of an
intranet or the internet by putting a tick (✓) in the appropriate box.

6. Six descriptions are shown on the left and six computer terms on the right.
Draw lines to connect each description to its correct term.

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 6: ICT applications
Tricky Terms
News Letter: Used by companies to communicate certain information to staff and
customers. May contain information on recent events and identify success company may have
experienced.
Flyers: Informative document which can be distributed to promote or create awareness
of an up and coming events.
Posters: larger then flyers and are strategically positioned to promote and create
awareness. Displayed on billboards, notice boards, buildings as part of an advertising campaign
to target a specific target audience.
Websites
• Companies use websites as a means to communicate with existing and potentially new
customers.
• Websites can be easily updated and can provide relevant and up to date information.
• Websites can be used to research, social network, online gaming or for online shopping
and banking.
Multimedia Presentations
• A common use for presentations is to provide training in businesses or places of
education. The presentation will be a focal point on the projector whilst the speaker is
presenting.
Phone Calls: Allows users to make a audio phone calls to each other from any location
within the network coverage area.
Text Messages: Allows user to send simple messages to each other even if the recipients
phone is turned of or not within network coverage.
Accessing the Internet: Email and social networking applications are now available on
mobile phones which makes it easier for users to stay in contact with each other. Businesses
can also use these apps to advertise and communicate with customers.
Spreadsheets: Business used can use spreadsheets to forecast spreadsheet models to
forecast future profit or loss.
Flight Simulator: Pilots are able to learn how to fly a plane using a flight simulator.
• The controls and the interface is the same as real plane.
• Different conditions can be tested.
Building Simulator: Before buildings are constructed simulations take place to ensure they
are fit for purpose.
Traffic Lights: A traffic light simulator looks at the flow of traffic (data captured from
sensors).

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Robots are used in manufacturing to help to improve productivity, consistency (in terms of final
finish) and to reduce overall running costs. Robots generally make the factory a much safer
environment for workers.
using robots rather than humans to manufacture cars.
Work 24/7 –same consistency and accuracy
 More productive
 Work in extreme/dangerous conditions
 Do not need to be paid

Learner Registration and Attendance

• Teachers will be able to click on a particular class and complete the register.
• Once this is saved then other users of the management system can see who has been register
for that particular period.
• This is useful as it allows teachers to see who should be attending their lessons.
• Data of attendance can then be easily analysed.
Computer- aided learning: CAL is the use of computer-based systems to assists in the academic
teaching of students.
Student performance: School management systems are used to record the performance of
students.
Advantages of using CAL
Student can learn when they want at and at their own pace.
Disadvantages of using CAL
CAL cannot give students the experience of handling laboratory equipment.
Booking Systems
Online booking systems use real time processing which allows users to make and confirm
bookings instantly. Once payment has been received and booking is confirmed then booking
cannot be double booked.
Banking Applications
Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) allows money to be transferred electronically from one account
to another. An example of EFT is when an Employer pays their employees their salaries.
Customers can now access their bank accounts online on secure websites using authentication
techniques. Some banks have also developed online banking applications to allow customers to
access their accounts via mobile phones and tablets.

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Phone banking is very similar to online banking in that customers can complete similar tasks.
Customers will have to enter in their account details to authenticate them to the system. Then
they will have to select from various options by the specified numbers keys.
Computers in Medicine
Keeping patient records in a database so correct diagnosis can be given according to patient’s
medical history.
• Monitoring patients (vital signs) using measure and control systems
• The use of expert systems to diagnose an illness.
Expert Systems
Expert systems are used to provide expert opinions without the need for the expert by using a
system allowing the user to query the knowledge base to find solutions to their problems.
Computers in the Retail Industry
POS (Point of Sale) is the place a transaction takes place. Customers can pay by cash or using
their debit/credit cards. Stock control systems can automatically update stock records when
items are purchased at the POS.
EFTPOS (Electronic Fund Transfer Point of Sale) is when a customer uses a card to complete
a transaction.
Internet banking and shopping is becoming more popular to users due to the development of
the internet and the advancement of mobile internet technology.
Optical Mark Recognition
If the marks don't fill the space completely they may not be read correctly/overfill the
space/smudged • If the marks are not in a dark enough pencil they may not be read correctly
• If more than one lozenge shaded in result is invalidated
• Only suitable for recording one out of a selection of answers, not suitable for text input
• Have to use prepared forms which may be expensive
• Examinations could consist of mainly multiple-choice questions changing the nature of what
is being tested

GPS(Global Positioning Systems)

GPS scan determine a specific locations using satellite navigation systems. • Cars, Ships, Plane
scan use GPS when navigating to specific locations.
GIS(Geographic Information System)
GIS allows for potential locations to be analysed based on specific queries. GIS will allow users
to see specific details on a location:

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Q1) The managers of a company are concerned about illegal parking in their car park. Drivers
are parking their cars in the private car park and then walking to the local football match.
There have been a few instances of damage to employees' cars. A decision has been made to
install a number plate recognition system and barrier so they can control cars entering and
leaving the car park. Anyone visiting the company will need to register their car’s number plate
with the receptionist prior to their visit.
a Explain how this system could check that a car approaching the barrier had been registered
with the receptionist beforehand.
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b After a visitor parks their car, they have to report to the receptionist. They are then given a
badge which contains an RFID tag. The chip in this tag is read to allow the visitor access to
certain floors in the building. Prior to this electronic system, badges contained a barcode.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using RFID chips rather than barcodes on
visitor's badges.
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c The company would like to offer visitors access to their facilities, such as the restaurant, coffee
shop and gift shop. Before arriving at the company, visitors are sent a QR code which they can
download to their smartphone.
Describe how the visitor could use a QR code to find out more about the company.
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d Payment at the restaurant is made using an NFC-enabled smartphone. Explain:

i what is meant by NFC
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ii how the smartphone can be used to make payments.

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2 You have been asked by your teacher to use a word processor to create a brochure for a new
intake of pupils. The brochure will consist of:
 Images of the school taken from a digital camera.
 Printed archive photographs.
 Information about the school already stored in text files.
 Information to be typed directly into the brochure.
a Describe the steps which you will need to take to create the brochure.
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b When the brochure is being created, the word processing software automatically checks the
spelling of the text as it is typed in and may suggest alternative words.
Explain why the suggestions may not always be appropriate.
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3 Robots are being used in the oil industry to find new deposits under the Earth's surface.
a Give three advantages of using robots rather than humans when searching for new oil
deposits.
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b Give two disadvantages of using robots rather than humans.

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4 An automatic washing machine contains a device to read RFID chips sewn into clothing.
When an item of clothing is placed in the washing machine it is scanned.
a Describe how the data is read from the RFID chip.
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b Explain the benefits of using RFID technology in a washing machine.
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5 The city of Venice is in danger of being damaged due to rising sea levels. A new computer
controlled flood defense system is being planned. The developers of the system are using a
spreadsheet to model the plan.
a Give three reasons why computer models are used to simulate the flood defence system.
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b The city uses a manual system for detecting flood waters. This relies on people watching for
the rising levels of water. Explain why creating a computerized system is better than using the
manual system.
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c The developers have used the results from the model to choose a computer controlled flood
defence system. It will have a barrier which can open or close.
Describe the role of the microprocessor in such a system.
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6 A theatre manager holds a number of music concerts through the summer months. She has
decided to introduce an online booking system to replace her current paper-based booking
system.
Give four advantages of using an online booking system.
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7 The banking industry has rapidly changed over the last few years as modern technology has
developed.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using online banking rather than other banking
methods to the customer.
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8 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using internet shopping to both the customers
and to the retail companies.
a) Advantages of internet shopping:
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b) Disadvantages of internet shopping:

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c) Effects on companies due to the spread of internet shopping:

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B. Explain the function of the following expert system components:
i. Explanation system
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ii. inference engine

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iii knowledge base
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iv. rules base

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V. user interface.
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C. Describe how an expert system could be used to diagnose a fault in a computer system.

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 11. Each of the following ten statements are True or False.
Tick (√) the appropriate box to indicate which statements are true and which
statements are false.

Statement True False

NFC can work up to 50 metres away

The RFID chip consists of a tag and an antenna
GIS systems require complex command language interfaces
Satellite signals are unaffected by bad weather and physical
obstructions, such as tree branches
Building a computer model is much cheaper than building the real thing
One advantage of CAL is the ability of the student to stop at any point
and resume from where they left off at a later date
The first step in processing a cheque by taking an electronic image is
called 'out clearing'
Electronic funds transfer is a very insecure payment method

3D printing uses five different coloured bio-ink cartridges (black, bio

grade black, cyan, yellow and magenta)
Strategic games, such as chess, can be run on an expert system

12. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using mobile-based communication:

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13. What is VOIP?
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14. What are the benefits of using Expert system?

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15. Explain the process of an Automatic Number Plate Recognition System:

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16. How do GPS devices work?

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17. What are the pros and cons of using GPS systems?
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18. What are Internet cookies?

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19. What are the dangers of cookies?

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20. Explain the process of an Automatic Number Plate Recognition System:

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21. Define
News Letter:
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Flyers:
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Posters:
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Websites:
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NFC:
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22. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of using websites for communication
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23. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of using Multimedia presentations.
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24. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of using Models

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25. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of compared to use of magnetic ID cards.

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26. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of using robots
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27. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of using online booking systems.
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28. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of credit and debit cards
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29. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of using cheques

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30. Write any two advantages and disadvantages of PIN cards

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31. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of OMR devices
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32. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of ANPR

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33. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of RFID

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34. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of GIS
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35. Write any three advantages and disadvantages of GPS and satnav
Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
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 11. File Management
Text (.txt)
 Used for storing plain text data
 Contains only human-readable text without any additional formatting or styling
 Extensively supported across di erent platforms and applications
Rich Text Format (.rtf)
 RTF is a le format used for storing formatted text documents that can contain di erent
text styles, fonts, colours, and other basic formatting elements
 RTF can be opened and edited using a wide range of text editors and word processors,
making them suitable for creating documents that require basic formatting, such as
letters, reports, and academic paper
Comma separated values (.csv)
 A plain text le format used for storing data in a structured manner
 Consist of rows and columns, with each cell separated by a comma
 Widely supported
 Easy to import and export data between di erent applications and platforms
 Commonly used for tasks involving data analysis, database management
 Can be easily opened and edited using spreadsheet software
Portable Document Format (.pdf)
 Widely used le format with its ability to retain the layout and formatting of documents
across a range of platforms
 Documents contain text, images, graphics, and even interactive elements.
 Can be password-protected to stop unauthorized users from editing
 Allows users to provide a digital signature feature acting as a digital ‘ink signature’
Generic Compressed Files
Zip (.zip)
 A container used for compression
 Allows multiple les and folders to be compressed into a single, smaller-sized archive
 Uses lossless compression algorithms to reduce le sizes
Roshal archive (.rar)
 A container used for compression
 Similar to .ZIP, however, it uses a proprietary compression algorithm
 Generally results in higher compression ratios compared to other formats
 Commonly used for sharing les over the internet and when space-saving is essential

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2)

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4)

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 12. Images
Image Editing
Image editing is the process of manipulating images and changing them to suit the user's end
goal
Image editing can be done in several ways; the exam requires you to know about:
Placing an image with precision
Resizing an image
Cropping an image
Rotating an image
Reflecting (flipping) an image
Adjusting brightness and contrast
Grouping and layering images
Placing an image with precision
This refers to positioning an image accurately within a document or other media
You can usually do this by selecting the image and dragging it to the desired location
Some software allows for more precision through the use of coordinates or alignment tools
Resizing an image
This means changing the dimensions of an image
You can often do this by selecting the image and dragging its corners or edges
Maintaining the aspect ratio means the image's width and height change at the same rate,
preventing distortion
Adjusting the aspect ratio can change the shape and proportions of the image
Cropping an image
This involves cutting out and discarding parts of an image
Rotating an image
This means turning the image around a central point
Most software allows rotation to any angle, and common rotations such as 90 degrees or 180
degrees are often provided as options

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 9. AUDIENCES
Tricky Terms
Audience appreciation
To express gratitude and value for the users by providing helpful and relevant information,
fostering positive experiences, and contributing to their understanding and learning.
Planning ict solutions
The first step to building effective ict solutions is identifying and understanding the intended
audience's needs. These needs can be functional, like processing information, or aesthetic, like
a visually appealing interface.
After identifying the needs, select the appropriate technology and tools to create a solution.
This choice depends on factors like the complexity of the task, the budget available, and the
technical expertise of the users.
An essential aspect to remember while designing ict solutions is to ensure they are user-
friendly. This means they should be intuitive to use, require minimal training, and have easy-
to-understand instructions.
Additionally, ict solutions should be accessible to all users, including those with disabilities.
This could involve adding features like voice commands, larger text options, or compatibility
with assistive devices.
Once the solution is created, it is crucial to test it to ensure it functions as expected and fulfils
the users' needs effectively.
Analysing audience requirements
Designing an ict solution requires an understanding of the target audience. The study should
consider elements affecting the audience's capacity to use the solution, like age, technical
proficiency, and expertise.
The solution creator should know the audience's requirements for information. This could
serve as a design cue for the data processing elements and the information architecture.
How the audience utilizes and consumes the content also influences the design. For instance,
the answer should be mobile-friendly if the audience accesses it mostly through mobile
devices.
Finally, the designer should consider any unique requirements of the audience, such as visual
or auditory impairments. These requirements should be taken into account when designing
the solution ensuring inclusivity.
Copyright
 Copyright regulation is crucial to safeguard the rights of developers and innovators.
 It stops software piracy, which is unauthorised use, replication, or distribution.

37
  It guarantees developers receive compensation for their efforts, fostering additional
innovation and development.
Principles of copyright in a computer software
 Copyright law prohibits the unauthorized copying, distribution, or modification of
software.
 It also includes the end-user license agreement (eula), which outlines what the
software can and cannot be used for
 Violations of these principles, such as software piracy, can lead to legal consequences.
Preventing software copyright violation
 Software developers employ various copyright protection strategies, such as digital
rights management (drm).
 Due to drm methods and systems, copyrighted works are subject to usage, modification,
and distribution restrictions.
 Other techniques include software product activation, which needs a unique code to be
fully functional.
 Given that pirated software frequently cannot receive automatic upgrades, which
renders it less effective and secure over time, automatic updates may also serve as a
kind of copyright protection.

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1 When giving a presentation to a large audience, the person giving the presentation has to
consider a number of key factors:
Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Describe two aspects of each key factor that need to be considered by the presenter.

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
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2
A company has decided to develop a new online game which helps students revise their A
Level Chemistry.
Describe what factors the company needs to consider when deciding who the audience
will be for their new online game. Give examples to illustrate your answer.

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

3. Tick ( ) which of the following are used to help maintain copyright and reduce piracy
of software.

√
Use of product key

use of ethics in software

Click on a check box agreeing to licence agreement

use of holographic images

Make the software cheaper to develop

Supply software on CD-ROM or DVD-ROM

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4. Explain each of the following terms:
a software piracy
b product key
c copyright infringement

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

5
An airport in southern Cyprus is designing a new information system. A number of
automated information kiosks will be distributed throughout the airport. Customers can be
any age from 18 upwards. It is also expected that Greek and English language will be used by
all customers. The kiosks must also be user-friendly to people with a range of disabilities.
a) Describe the various audience characteristics that need to be considered
when developing the new kiosk.

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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b
Describe the needs of each age group and explain why it is important to consider these
audience needs.

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

c
Describe how the managers at the airport could determine the different characteristics of all
the customers using the information kiosks.

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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6
A programmer is developing a presentation of a new ICT solution for a
conference and needs to consider the audience.
a) Using examples, explain why presentations and ICT solutions have to take into account the
type of audience.

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

b) The programmer is concerned that the software used for the presentation will be copied by
the participants during the conference. Describe how the software could be protected from
illegal copying.

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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 7.The systems life cycle
Tricky Terms
Systems Analysts will review an existing system which is currently not meeting expectations.
The steps shown below will be followed to develop a new system which is fit for purpose.
Analysis: Collecting information about the present system and identifying problems.
Design: Designing a new system to correct the problems identified in the analysis.
Development & Testing: Developing and testing new system.
Implementation: Replacing the old system with the new system.
Documentation: Creating technical and user documentation for new system.
Evaluation: Evaluating whether the new system meets the requirements of the design
requirements.
Observation: The use of the current system is observed to find out how it works
Interview: People who use the system are interviewed to gauge their feedback.
Questionnaire: Questionnaires are distributed to employees/ customers to find out a range of
opinions about the current system.
Collecting Documents: Existing documentation for the current system is analyzed to identify
what data is inputted and outputted.
Based on the information from the analysis stage a new system will be designed. The new
system will hope to resolve the issues identified in the current system. Users should be able
to interact with a system via a data capture form so is i t easier and quicker to input data.
Data Verification: Is a method of double checking the data to see if it is correct
Proof Reading: Once data has been entered it will be checked to see if it is correct (e.g. check
is name is spelt correctly).
Double Entry: The same data is required to be entered twice (e.g. type new password twice).
Testing take place to ensure all components of the system are working correctly before the
system is implemented.
Software systems are developed in Modular form which means each part of the system is
developed separately by the programmer.
A typical test plan would include: • What is being tested • The test data that will be used •
The expected outcome of the Test.
There are two types of documentation that should be produced when creating a new system: •
User Documentation • Technical Documentation
The final stage of the system life cycle is to evaluate the new system which has been
implemented in full. The purpose of the evaluation is refer back to the requirements
specification to see whether the new system has resolved the issues of the previous system
and met the requirements stated in the design.
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The new system is gradually introduced. When parts of the new system are working at a
satisfactory level then more elements of the system are phased in. Eventually the old system
will be phased out over a period of time.
The new system is piloted(trialled) in one part (department) of an organization. If the pilot is
successful, then it will be implemented across all departments.
Example: If a new system is introduced in book store which is part of a chain. Then
eventually if the system is successful it will be introduced to all of the books stores in that
chain (WHS).

After the evaluation is complete if there are any problems or limitations with the system from
a technical or user point of view then the system analyst will refer back to the design stage of
the systems life cycle.
Based on the feedback necessary adjustments could be made to improve the overall efficiency
and usability of the new system

45
1. For each of these questions, choose the correct response from the five options given.
a) What validation type would make sure a post code, such as LA21 4NN,
was entered in the correct layout?

A Length check
B Presence check
C Range check
D Format check
E Type check

b) What is the name given to data which is outside the limits of acceptability?

A Normal
B Live
C Extreme
D Abnormal
E Erroneous

2.Carlos is designing a new computer system to replace an existing system.

a Tick four items which will need to be designed

Inputs to the current system.

Data capture forms.

Report layouts.

Limitations of the system.

Observation methods.

Improvements to the system.

User and information requirements.

Validation routines.

Problems with the current system.

File structures

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b. Before the system is implemented it needs to be tested. Different types of test data are used
to test the system. An example of test data is live data. Describe what is meant by live data

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

c
Following the implementation of the system, technical documentation needs to be written.
Identify three components of technical documentation which are not found in user
documentation

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

3. A farmer has purchased a computerized milking system for her cows. She has asked a
systems analyst to create a database to store details of the cows being milked. Examples of
the details of the cows which will be stored are:

Complete the following table by entering the most appropriate data type for each field. For
any numeric field, specify the type of number

47
b State which field would be the most appropriate for the primary key.
Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

c A validation check is used when entering the animal passport number

into the database. Name and describe the most appropriate validation check that could be
applied to this field

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

4
In the table below, by using a tick (✓) indicate whether each component
is found in user documentation only, in technical documentation only or
in both types of documentation.

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5
Put the following six stages of the systems life cycle into their correct order:
»Analysis
»Design
»Development and Testing
»Documentation
»Evaluation
»Implementation

Ans)
Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

6
Which five computer terms are being described below?
a A changeover method where the old system is stopped overnight and the new system is
introduced straight away.

b A changeover method where the new system is introduced into one branch of a company
and its performance assessed before being introduced in all the company’s branches.

c Type of validation that checks whether or not the correct number of characters has been
entered.

d Part of the system life cycle that considers data capture forms, file structures, validation
and screen layouts.

e Software development technique where the program is broken down in to smaller parts and
each part is tested separately.

Ans)
Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
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7

a) Describe what is meant by the evaluation stage in the systems life cycle.

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
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b) Give two reasons why hardware may need to be updated ten years after its initial
introduction.

_______________________________________________________________________________________
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c) Give two reasons why software may need to be updated ten years after its initial
introduction.

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8 A program is being written which only accepts numbers in the range 1 to 100 (inclusively) to
be input. Validation routines are being used to check the input data.

a) Name two validation routines which could be used to check the input data in this program.
Give a reason for your choice in each case.

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

b) Test data can be normal, abnormal or extreme. Explain the differences in these three types
of test data. Use examples to illustrate your answer.

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

c) For this program being written, indicate, by ticking the appropriate box, whether the
following input data is normal, abnormal or extreme

Normal (√) Abnormal (√) Extreme (√)

52
1
104
100
Twenty-five
99

51
D) Explain what is meant by live data. Describe how live data is used.
Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

9 An electric power company introduced computer monitoring and control systems in the year
2000. A project management team has brought in a systems analyst with a view to
introducing a new system or upgrading their existing system. The power company supplies
the national grid with electricity and cannot go offline for more than a maximum of eight
hours.

a. Give three reasons why the project management team have decided
to renew or upgrade their system.
Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
b. Suggest two methods a systems analyst might use to research
the current system. Justify your choice of methods.
Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

c. Describe the best method of implementing a new system into the company. Justify your
choice of method.

Ans)__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

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53
14. Styles

54
55
56
57
15. Proofing

58
 16. Graphs and Charts

1)

59
b)

60