1.

Problem
In the early stages of web development, server-side logic was typically
embedded within web pages using scripting languages like PHP or early
versions of Java Server Pages (JSP). As applications grew in complexity, this
approach led to challenges in maintenance, scalability, and code organization.
The lack of proper separation between data, presentation, and logic often
resulted in monolithic codebases that were difficult to debug, extend, and reuse.
Furthermore, web developers lacked a consistent and structured approach to
managing application state and data transmission, especially across stateless
side development framework in Java that could streamline and simplify web
application development.

2. Objective
The main objective is to introduce a more organized and reusable approach to
web application development using Java EE (now Jakarta EE), specifically
through the use of JavaBeans and Servlets. These technologies provide a solid
foundation for separating concerns in a web application.
 JavaBeans are reusable software components that encapsulate application
data and business logic into manageable units.
 Servlets provide robust mechanisms for handling client requests and
server responses.
Together, they enable a structured development approach where business logic
is separated from presentation, improving maintainability, scalability, and
performance.

3. Project Scope
This project also includes:
 Designing dynamic and user-friendly interfaces with proper input
handling
 Managing sessions and preserving user states via Servlets
 Modeling application data using JavaBeans
 Implementing the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture with:
 o Servlets as Controllers
o JavaBeans as Models
o JSP (JavaServer Pages) as Views
 Connecting the application to a relational database using JDBC
Example use cases include e-commerce platforms, user registration modules,
employee management systems, and online booking portals.

4. Methodologies
This project leverages the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture at its
core. The MVC pattern ensures separation of concerns, promoting
maintainability and scalability.
 Servlets act as Controllers, handling client HTTP requests and
orchestrating the application's flow.
 JavaBeans function as Models, encapsulating both the data and business
logic into modular, testable units.
 JSP pages serve as Views, responsible for generating and displaying
dynamic content to users.
These components interact seamlessly within the Servlet container (e.g., Apache
Tomcat), which processes client requests, executes backend logic, and sends
responses back to the user interface.
JavaBeans follow standard conventions such as private fields, public
getters/setters, and default constructors, making them reusable and manageable
throughout the application lifecycle.

5. Core Features
JavaBeans and Servlets together offer a wide range of core features essential for
robust web development:
JavaBeans
 Follow standard naming conventions for better integration with JSPs and
frameworks
 Reusability as modular building blocks
  Encapsulation of business data and logic into structured units
 Improve code modularity and promote reusability across components
Servlets:
 Efficiently handle both GET and POST HTTP requests
 Manage user sessions using cookies or URL rewriting
 Execute complex server-side logic
 Handle multi-threaded requests safely and efficiently
 Serve as Controllers in MVC, coordinating between the view (JSP) and
model (JavaBeans)
Combined, JavaBeans and Servlets provide a clean, modular foundation for
building maintainable, secure, and scalable Java-based web applications.

6. Solution
To better understand the practical application of JavaBeans and Servlets,
consider two real-world use cases:
1. E-learning Course Registration System:
A user fills out a registration form. A Servlet captures the form data, processes
the request, and populates a JavaBean (e.g., StudentBean) with the user
information. The Servlet then uses JDBC to store this information in a relational
database.
Later, the same JavaBean is used on a JSP page to display a confirmation
message or allow the user to edit their details. Throughout this process:
 JavaBeans handle structured data encapsulation
 Servlets manage the logic and flow of the application
 JSP pages provide a seamless front-end interface
2. Online Shopping Cart System:
Each product the user adds is stored in a JavaBean that keeps track of item ID,
quantity, and price. The Servlet maintains the user session and updates the cart
accordingly. The JSP pages dynamically display the updated cart contents by
accessing data from the JavaBeans.