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US C Exercises 17th Edition Yashavant Kanetkar

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War Commemoration and Civic Culture in the North East of
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Let Us C
Solutions
19th Edition

Yashavant Kanetkar

www.bpbonline.com
NINETEENTH REVISED & UPDATED EDITION 2023
FIRST EDITION 2007
Copyright © BPB Publications, India
© Let Us C is a registered trademark of BPB Publications, New Delhi under
registration No. 1135514
ISBN: 978-93-5551-282-6

All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication can be stored in a retrieval system
or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written permission
of the publishers.

LIMITS OF LIABILITY AND DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY

The Author and Publisher of this book have tried their best to ensure that the
programmes, procedures and functions described in the book are correct. However,
the author and the publishers make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied,
with regard to these programmes or the documentation contained in the book. The
author and publisher shall not be liable in any event of any damages, incidental or
consequential, in connection with, or arising out of the furnishing, performance or
use of these programmes, procedures and functions. Product name mentioned are
used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective
companies.
All trademarks referred to in the book are acknowledged as properties of their
respective owners.

www.bpbonline.com
 Dedicated to
Nalinee and Prabhakar Kanetkar

iii
About the Author
Through his books and online Quest Video Courses on C, C++, Data
Structures, VC++, .NET, Embedded Systems, etc. Yashavant Kanetkar has
created, molded and groomed lacs of IT careers in the last two and half
decades. Yashavant’s books and online courses have made a significant
contribution in creating top-notch IT manpower in India and abroad.

Yashavant’s books are globally recognized and millions of students /

professionals have benefitted from them. His books have been
translated into Hindi, Gujarati, Japanese, Korean and Chinese languages.
Many of his books are published in India, USA, Japan, Singapore, Korea
and China.

Yashavant is a much sought-after speaker in the IT field and has

conducted seminars/workshops at TedEx, IITs, NITs, IIITs and global
software companies.

Yashavant has been honored with the prestigious “Distinguished

Alumnus Award” by IIT Kanpur for his entrepreneurial, professional and
academic excellence. This award was given to top 50 alumni of IIT
Kanpur who have made significant contribution towards their profession
and betterment of society in the last 50 years.

In recognition of his immense contribution to IT education in India, he

has been awarded the "Best .NET Technical Contributor" and "Most
Valuable Professional" awards by Microsoft for 5 successive years.
Yashavant holds a BE from VJTI Mumbai and M. Tech. from IIT Kanpur.
His current affiliations include being a Director of KICIT Pvt. Ltd. and an
Adjunct Faculty at IIIT, Bangalore. He can be reached at
[email protected] or through http://www.ykanetkar.com.

iv
Contents
Introduction vi
0 Before We Begin… 1
1 Getting Started 7
2 C Instructions 13
3 Decision Control Instruction 25
4 More Complex Decision Making 37
5 Loop Control Instruction 51
6 More Complex Repetitions 59
7 Case Control Instruction 69
8 Functions 77
9 Pointers 83
10 Recursion 91
11 Data Types Revisited 95
12 The C Preprocessor 99
13 Arrays 105
14 Multidimensional Arrays 121
15 Strings 133
16 Handling Multiple Strings 139
17 Structures 145
18 Console Input/Output 167
19 File Input/Output 173
20 More Issues In Input/Output 197
21 Operations On Bits 203
22 Miscellaneous Features 217
23 Periodic Tests, Course Tests 223

v
Introduction
The first requests for a book like ‘Let Us C Solutions’ started coming
when the third edition of Let Us C was released. I answered them by
writing this book. Since then, I have met so many readers who said that
every new edition of Let Us C should be accompanied with two books—a
new edition of ‘Let Us C Solutions’ and a new edition of ‘Let Us C
Workbook’. I decided to accede to this request and from fifth edition
onwards started releasing all these three books simultaneously.

The success of last 18 editions of this book has validated my belief that if
you have a book which lets a reader cross-check the solutions/programs
that he creates, then it boosts his confidence and improves the overall
language learning process.

Through all the editions of this book one person who never got tired of
helping me was Manish Jain of BPB. No matter what request I made, he
always acceded to it.

Amol Tambat, Ajay Daga, Prachi Garaye, Amit Mendhe, Vikrant Sahoo,
Shoeb Parvez, Monali Nikhare and Devshree Satpute were instrumental
in checking all the solutions of several editions of this book. Many thanks
to all of them! I have reorganized and rationalized exercises of Let Us C
19th edition. The solutions to all these exercises have been included in
this edition of Let Us C Solutions.

vi
 CHAPTER
ZERO

Before We Begin

To understand C language and gain confidence in working with it you

would be required to type programs in this book and then instruct the
machine to execute them. To type any program, you need another
program called Editor. Once the program has been typed it needs to be
converted to machine language (0s and 1s) before the machine can
execute it. To carry out this conversion we need another program called
Compiler. Compiler vendors provide an Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) which consists of an Editor as well as the Compiler.
These IDEs and its online alternatives are discussed in this appendix.

IDEs
There are several IDEs available, each targeted towards different
processor and operating system combinations. Given below is a brief
description of the popular IDEs along with the links from where they can
be downloaded.

Turbo C/C++ under Windows

If you wish to use Turbo C/C++ it is available at
https://www.developerinsider.in/download-turbo-c-for-windows-7-8-8-
1-and-windows-10-32-64-bit-full-screen/
It is very easy to install and it works for Windows 7, 8, 8.1 and Windows
10 (32/64 bit) with full/window screen mode.

NetBeans under Windows

NetBeans is not a compiler. It is merely an IDE. Its Windows version can
be downloaded from

1
 2 Let Us C Solutions

http://www.netbeans.org
For developing C programs using NetBeans under Windows, you would
also have to install Cygwin software. Cygwin comes with GCC compiler. It
is available at
https://www.cygwin.com/
There is a nice tutorial available at the following link should you face any
difficulty in setting up Cygwin and NetBeans:
https://www.wikihow.com/Run-C/C%2B%2B-Program-in-Netbeans-on-
Windows

NetBeans under Linux

If you propose to use NetBeans under Linux you won’t need Cygwin as
with most Linux installations (like say, Ubuntu) GCC compiler comes
preinstalled. So, you need to just download and install NetBeans for
Linux environment.

Visual Studio under Windows

If you wish to use Visual Studio Community it is available at
https://www.visualstudio.com/vs/express/
You are free to use any of the IDEs mentioned above for compiling
programs in this book. If you wish to know my personal choice, I would
prefer NetBeans + Cygwin or Visual Studio Community Edition. All the
IDEs are easy to use and are available free of cost.

Online Compilers
With ubiquitous availability of Internet, if you wish, you can completely
avoid installation of IDE on your machine. Using a browser, you can
connect to any of the following to type, compile and execute your
programs:
https://www.onlinegdb.com/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/compile_c_online.php
The limitation of using online compilers is that you need a steady
Internet connection while you are using them. Most of these compilers
compile our program using the gcc compiler.
 Chapter 0: Before We Begin 3

Compilation and Execution Steps in IDE

The compilation and execution process with each of the IDEs mentioned
in the previous section are a bit different. So, for your benefit I am giving
below these steps for each IDE.

Compilation and Execution using Turbo C++

Carry out the following steps to compile and execute programs using
Turbo C++:

(a) Start NetBeans from Start | All Programs | Turbo C++.

(b) Click ‘Start Turbo C++’ from the dialog that appears.
(c) Select File | New from menu.
(d) Type the program.
(e) Save the program using F2 under a proper name (say Program1.c).
(f) Use Ctrl + F9 to compile and execute the program.
(g) Use Alt + F5 to view the output.

Compilation and Execution using NetBeans

Carry out the following steps to compile and execute programs using
NetBeans:

(a) Start NetBeans from Start | All Programs | NetBeans.

(b) Select File | New Project… from the File menu. Select Project
Category as C/C++ and Project Type as C/C++ Application from the
dialog that pops up. Click Next button.
(c) Type a suitable project name (say Program1) in Project Name
Textbox. Click Finish.
(d) Type the program.
(e) Save the program using Ctrl + S.
(f) Use F6 to compile and execute the program.

Compilation and Execution using Visual Studio Community

Carry out the following steps to compile and execute programs using
Visual Studio Community:
 4 Let Us C Solutions

(a) Start Visual Studio Community from Start | All Programs | Microsoft
Visual C++ Community.
(b) Select File | New Project… from the File menu. Select Project Type
as C++ Console Application. Type a suitable project name (say
Program1) in Project name Textbox. Choose suitable location where
you wish to create the project folder. Click Create.
(c) Type the program.
(d) Save the program using Ctrl + S.
(e) Use Ctrl + F5 to compile and execute the program.

Compilation and Execution at Linux Command-line

C programs can be compiled and executed even at command-line, i.e.,
without using any IDE. Many programmers prefer this mode. In such
cases we need to use an editor like Vim to type the program and the
GCC compiler to compile it. In such as case you need to follow the
following steps to compile and execute your program.

(a) Type the program and save it under a suitable name, ‘hello.c’.
(b) At the command prompt switch to the directory containing ‘hello.c’
using the cd command.
(c) Compile the program using GCC compiler as shown below.
$ gcc hello.c
(d) On successful compilation, GCC produces a file named ‘a.out’. This
file contains the machine language code of the program which can
now be executed.
(e) Execute the program using the following command:
$ ./a.out

Compilation and Execution Using Online Compilers

While using the online compilers you have to remember to choose the
language (C in our case) from the dropdown. Next, we have to type our
program and click the Run/Execute button. When we do so our typed
program is sent to the web server where it is compiled and executed.
The output created on execution is then sent back and displayed in the
browser. If any errors are found in the program during compilation they
are also relayed back and displayed in the browser.
Chapter 0: Before We Begin 5

In the past online compilers had a limitation that you could run only
single file programs using them. This has been overcome now. For
example, in www.onlinegdb.com you can create a multi-file project
easily. For this you have to first login using your google account and then
click on the menu item 'Create New Project' from the left column in the
browser window. This will create a skeleton file by the name 'main.c'. In
this file you can type main( ). Then either use Ctrl M or by clicking the
'New File' icon in the top toolbar you can add a new file with a suitable
name. We can add multiple files in this manner. Then run the project as
usual by clicking on the 'Run' button.
Onlinegdb.com also has provisions to supply command-line arguments,
debug a program using the debugger, create folders and store multiple
files in it. From the point of view of security online compilers is not a
preferred choice for serious software development in C. Nevertheless, a
good option with zero installation and configuration headaches when
you are learning C.
 CHAPTER
ONE

Getting Started
[A] Which of the following are invalid C constants and why?

’3.15’ Invalid. A character constant can contain only 1

character
35,550 Invalid. An integer constant cannot contain a
comma
3.25e2 Valid
2e-3 Valid
’eLearning’ Invalid. A character constant can contain only 1
character
"show" Invalid. A character constant can contain only 1
character
’Quest’ Invalid. A character constant can contain only 1
character
23 Invalid. Number cannot be expressed in this form
4652 Invalid. There cannot be a space within a constant

[B] Which of the following are invalid variable names and why?

B’day Invalid. A ‘’’ is not allowed in variable name

int Invalid. Keyword cannot be used as a variable
name
$hello Invalid. Variable name must begin with an
alphabet or underscore
#HASH Invalid. Variable name must begin with an
alphabet or underscore
dot. Invalid. A ‘.’ is not allowed in variable name

7
8 Let Us C Solutions

number Valid
totalArea Valid
_main( ) Valid
temp_in_Deg Valid
total% Invalid. A ‘%’ is not allowed in variable name
1st Invalid. A variable name must start with an
alphabet or an underscore
stack-queue Invalid. We cannot use hyphen in variable name
variable name Invalid. Variable name cannot contain spaces
%name% Invalid. A variable name must start with an
alphabet or an underscore
salary Valid

[C] State whether the following statements are True or False:

(a) C language has been developed by Dennis Ritchie.
Answer: True
(b) Operating systems like Windows, Unix, Linux and Android are
written in C.
Answer: True
(c) C language programs can easily interact with hardware of a PC /
Laptop.
Answer: True
(d) A real constant in C can be expressed in both Fractional and
Exponential forms
Answer: True
(e) A character variable can at a time store only one character.
Answer: True
(f) The maximum value that an integer constant can have varies from
one compiler to another.
Answer: True
(g) Usually, all C statements are entered in small case letters.
Chapter 1: Getting Started 9

Answer: True
(h) Spaces may be inserted between two words in a C statement.
Answer: True
(i) Spaces cannot be present within a variable name.
Answer: True
(j) C programs are converted into machine language with the help of a
program called Editor.
Answer: False
(k) Most development environments provide an Editor to type a C
program and a Compiler to convert it into machine language.
Answer: True
(l) int, char, float, real, integer, character, char, main, printf and scanf
are keywords.
Answer: False

[D] Match the following pairs:

(a) \n (4) Escape sequence
(b) 3.145 (12) Real constant
(c) -6513 (7) Integer constant
(d) ’D’ (3) Character constant
(e) 4.25e-3 (11) Exponential form
(f) main( ) (6) Function
(g) %f, %d, %c (10) Format specifier
(h) ; (2) Statement terminator
(i) Constant (1) Literal
(j) Variable (13) Identifier
(k) & (8) Address of operator
(l) printf( ) (9) Output function
(m) scanf( ) (5) Input function

[E] Point out the errors, if any, in the following programs:

(a) int main( )
{
int a ; float b ; int c ;
a = 25 ; b = 3.24 ; c = a + b * b – 35 ;
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