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The Naval Chronicle

The Naval Chronicle, published in 40 volumes between 1799 and 1818, is a
key source for British maritime and military history, and is also sought after
by those researching family histories. Six instalments per year were produced
(and often reprinted with corrections) by Bunney and Gold, later Joyce Gold,
in London, and bound up into two volumes per year. Printed economically,
on paper of varying weights and often with very small type, the extant copies
have been heavily used over the course of two centuries, present significant
conservation challenges, and are difficult to find outside major libraries.
This reissue is the first complete printed reproduction of what was the most
influential maritime publication of its day. The subjects covered range widely,
including accounts of battles, notices of promotions, marriages and deaths,
lists of ships and their tonnages, reports of courts martial, shipwrecks,
privateers and prizes, biographies and poetry, notes on the latest technology,
and letters. Each volume also contains engravings and charts relating to naval
engagements and important harbours from Jamaica to Timor, Newfoundland
to Canton, and Penzance to Port Jackson.

Volume 36
Volume 36 (1816) contains official reports and eyewitness accounts of the
Bombardment of Algiers by Lord Exmouth. This was in retaliation for the
Dey of Algiers having broken the recently negotiated treaty forbidding the
taking of slaves. Technical reports focus on the total solar eclipse of that
year and the discovery of sunspot formation. Maps and descriptions of
Copenhagen harbour and Algiers are also included.
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The Naval Chronicle
Containing a General and Biographical
History of the Royal Navy of the United
Kingdom with a Variety of Original Papers on
Nautical Subjects
Volume 36: July-D ecember 1816

E di t ed by James Stanier C l arke

and John McArthur
C A M B R I D G E U N I V E R SI T Y P R E S S

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore,

São Paolo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo

Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108018753

© in this compilation Cambridge University Press 2010

This edition first published 1816

This digitally printed version 2010

ISBN 978-1-108-01875-3 Paperback

This book reproduces the text of the original edition. The content and language reflect
the beliefs, practices and terminology of their time, and have not been updated.

Cambridge University Press wishes to make clear that the book, unless originally published
by Cambridge, is not being republished by, in association or collaboration with, or
with the endorsement or approval of, the original publisher or its successors in title.
THE

$la\1al <!tbtonidt.
FOR 1816:
CONTAINING A

GENERAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

THE ROYAJL NAVY

OF THE

WITH A VARIETY OF ORIGINAL PAPERS ON

NAUTICAl.. SUBJECTS •

•
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF SEVERAL

LI1'ERARY AND PROFESSIONAL ltiEN•

•
VOL. XXXVI.
(FROM JVLY TO DECEMBER.)

_._ _ II England is a Land which can never be conquered. whilst the Kings thereot keto!'

the Dominion of the Sea."-(W. RALEGH.)

LONDON:
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY AND FOR JOYCE GOLD, 103, SHOE-LANE;
And sold by Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, Sherwood, Neeley, and Jones, and
Walker & Co. Paternoster.row; Asperne, and Richardsons, Corn hill; Black, Parbnry, & Allen.
LeudenhaU-street; Scatch~rd and Letterman, and Law and Whitaker, Avem.1l1"w.lune;
Lindsel1, Wimpole-street; Booth, Duke-street, Portland-place; T. and J. AHman, No.5,
princes-street, Hanover-square; Wm. Stockdale, Piccadilly; Byfield and Son, Chari1lg-Crnss;
Mottley 'lnd Co. and Mills, Portsmouth; Congdon, Hoxland, and Platt, Dock; Haydon_
Cnrtis-Smith-Rogers-and Nett!eton, Plymouth; Godwin, Bath; Norton and Son.
Bristol; Robinson~ Liverpool; Manners and Miller, Creech, and Constable, Edi1Jburgl'i
Turnbull and Lumsden, GltUigow; and Ihe princiFal Dook,e1kn in the different Seapur
Towns throuSbolit the United Kin~dolll.
SIR GEORGE MONTAGU, G.C.B.

ADMII\.AL OF THE RED SQUADRON,

THIS THIRTY-SIXTH VOLUME OF THE

Jaatlal ~broni(le
[¥RO'I JI1LY TO DECE14BE'R 1816.]

IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED,

l:Y TIlE PIWPRIETOU,

PLATES IN VOLUME XXXV!.
F,'om Original Designs.

PLATE Page
CCCCLXIV. View of the NORTIIERN PART of PORT ROYAL HAR'
BOUR, JAMaiCA. Engraved by 'BAILY, from a ,drawing by
J. E. 1806 ••• ~. •••• •• •• •••• •• •• • ••• •••• •••• •••• 45
CCCCLXV. Plan of COPtNIIAGEN •• " ......... Y. • • • • • • • • • • • • U

CCCCLXVL MONUMENT erected at Paris, 1816, to the Memory

of Captain JOHN WESLEY WRIGHT, R.N. by Vice·admiral
Sir WILLIAM SIDNEY SMITH, K.C.B. &c. &c. Engraved
by BAI LY ••••••••• '. • _ ••••••••• _• _ •••• _• _• •• •• 120
CCCCLXVII. Chart of BRISTOL CHANNEL ••• _ • _____ • _____ • _ 13T

CCCCLXVIII. LA PARQUETTE-RoCK, near Brest, at Half· tide.

Eugraved by BAILY, from a Drawing by G. T. 1813•.• __ 21Q

CCCCLXIX. PLAN OF AI.GIEll., 1784. Engraved by ROBERT

ROWE ••• ___________ • _ •• _•• ___ •••• ___ • • • •• •••• 2'.!9

CCCCLXX. PLAN OF PEKAN, or Formosa Island. Engraved on

Wood by BEll.RYMAN _ ••• _____ .. _ •• ___ •• ___ • _ • ___ 244

CCCCLXXI. THE TOWEll OF THE TEMPLE STATE PRISON, at Paris,

exterior View. Engraved by BAILY _______ • ________ SlU
CCCCLXXII. Chart of GUERNSEY ____ ••• _____ ; _. _________ SQ9

CCCCLXXlII. Capture of the PROSERPINF.. EngravEd by BAILY,

from an original Drawing ________ • _•• ________ •• __ 405

CCCCLXXIV. Chart of JERSEY ••••••••• _ ••••••••• __ .425

CCCCLXXV. PANWELL RIVER, DEKKAN, INDIA. Engraved by

BAILY ____ •• __ •••• ___ ••• ______ • ___ ••• _. ___ •• _.481

CCCCLXXVI. Chart of the SUAII' OF DOYAR • __ ••••••••••• 4ll;

PREFACE
TO THE THIRTY-SIXTH VOLUME.

FINIS coronat opus: i. e. the conclusion of our XXXVlth Volum~ i.

its crown, anli thus digllifierl, it comes forth, the honest representative
of our six mouths' labours for the benefit of the reader (and we hope, in
some respects, of the country), who will therein find the flight of time ar-
rested in its sweeping course-the past rendered as it were preseut-and
the future occasionally anticipated by the analogical inference of like effects
from similar causes.
From this general or bird's-eye view of the Volume we shall now descC'nrl
to a more close and particular consideration of its various contents. Our
Biography is less varied than usual, but we trust it will be fonnd not les5
interesting, as the record of, probably, all that will ever be known of ollr
worthy but ill·fated countryman, Captaiu 'Wright-we felt it a duty espe-
cially Incumhent on us, to vindicate his character (now all that remains with
us of him) from the aspersinns of his enemies, we had almost sain his
friends-and we have availed ourselves fo~ the purpose, more of facts thall
argument.
III our NAUTICAL SELECTIONS, page 458, we hare given an extract from
the recent putolication of Dr. ~Varden, late Surgeon of the Northumberland
and medical attendant on Buonaparte, in which will be seen all attempt by
the latter to waoh his hands of that blood, but so weak, that it would seem
there is" the smell of the blood still." He asks" For what olUect? Of all
men he was the person whom I should have most desired to live. Whence
could I have procured so valuable an evidence as he would have proved
in the trial of the cOllspi,'ators in aorl about Paris? The heads of it he
himself had landed on the French coast!' This might ha"e been true
enough if he could hut have made him speak. But his honourable prisoner
had given proof sutlicient that, as such an evidence, he would be dumb;
and, therefore, it may ea5ily be supposed tbat the ofdect was-the gratifi.
cation of a tyranllical reSEntment, by rendering him dumb for e,'er !
In the Memoir of Sir David Milne will lie founrl, briefly rpcorded, the
public services of a gentlefllan who, by his admirable conduct ill the attack
at Alg;ier, has merited and obtained a distIngui,htd niche in the Temple of
Fame. We regret the dncuments tl'Otn which it was drawn up were not
more copious of information.
The memoir of Captain Campbell also e"inces tl·)e juslice of lois title to
an honourable memor'! in the Illind, of his countrymen; and we sincerelv
lament that 11 longer !J't'e was lIot allc)wed him to enJoy, in a period of peace,
the grateful retrospect 01':1 lllllg cllurse of honuurable lVarf[~re ill th .. ser-
vice of his country, and the hOl:ours aud emoluments by wInch It had been
so duly acknowledged. '" "
The SELECTIONS will be found varJOUS and IntereStlll!" culled w,th a vIe,\,
to the gratification of the diverse t"~tes nf our numerous readers, and we
hope tI;ey will in no illstallce be found wholly void of interesting infonna-
lion or amu.€mcnt.
'fhe llext department of our PLblicJtion demands a more especial notice,
li PREFACE.

as it is cap:\ble of doing much good or much harm. Our. professed princi-

ple of impartiality binds US to the admission of c~ndld argument and
observation on both sides of every question, and It the gelleral tone of
our CORltESPONDENCE haq too much of the Crol,k, it is the fault of those
who shtluld :mswer the Croakers, if their croaking be answerable. That of
the pl'e$ent Volume comrneuces ~ith the remarks of B-1', in reply to s~me
obsel"Vations from H. C. relative to FalmoUlh harbour as a naval station,
pagE- 27.-At page 32, ]''JentoT, on a redres.s Of certain grieva~ces existin~
111 the navy.-Nestol', on thp payment of Kmg s slJlPs on foreign statlO.n.,
as a measure highly necessary to be adopte~, pag~ 33.-:-Aifred, on the Ifn-
proved re!,nlatiolls of the navy, and suggestlllg farther 1Il1provements, page
26.-Navalis, on the neglect of the navy, page 37.-A Seaman, on the 111-
efficiency of our superior class frigates, ibid.-At page 38 Will he found an
extract of a letter from an officer at St. Helena, relative to Buonapa,·te, to
which \\"e have subjoined a counter-statement, to shew how difficult it is
to know the true state of persons vr things at a distance.-At page 42, the
monumental inscription of the late Captain Beaver, at the Cape of Good
Hope, communicated by Mr. John Bayley.-Albion, on the neceosity of
watching the progress of the American navy, and building ships on a com-
tnf"IlSurate principle, page ,t.2.-The observations of A Frif nd to· Naval
],Iel'it, on the situation of old Commanders and Lieutenants, are very just,
and the list of those who, he thinks, al'e officers entitled to all arnE:liora-
tion of condition beius its own recommendation wilh it, page 1Z5.-At
page 127, A Constant Subscriber reproves us for the admission of ofiensive
personalities, Lut we assure him it is never onr ... ioh to indulge in any
thing of the kind.-Page 129, an interesting extract from the Journal of the
1I0il. E. l. Ship Chamll«rs, communicated by J. H.-The Gelleral Direc-
tions of the Ipswich Humane Society, for the recovery of Persons appa-
rently Dead from Drowning, Hanging, Intoxication, &c. transmitted by our
old friend, 7'. H. will be tound at page 133, and especially worthy of notice.
Olll' friend's proposal respecting the insertioll of monumental inscriptions,
we tbink eligible under his judgment of selection, to which we are 110 srran-
~crs; and, frolll our other Correspondents, 11 judicious selection 'il"ould be
in like manner acceptable.-Page 212 presents 11 letter from N. '1; '1;
itatin~, indeed, 11 rcal griel'ance, " Private PZlnisJ:menl.~ !"-so pri,·ate 11S
to be often unknnwn to the Captain himself; this is clearly a crime when-
CI'cr it occurs, and we have no hesitation in saying, that the inflictors of
tiuch private punishments are amcnable to the laws of their COUll try for all
such trlln~gressions.-At pa~e 213, 'l'rqft11gar, on the comparati\'e advan-
tage of n11val SUI'geons above naval Lieutenants in the Retired Li!>t.
Albion, on the white sl:wery and the abolition of naval impl'essment, page
!214; against the latter of which evils onr worthy Correspolld"lIt evinces a
genel'ous and just warmth, considererl abstractedly fro1l1 its necessity. "re
most cordinlly wish, with him, that all pOObihle means should Lc adopte(i
In set aside that odinus vi()latiun of personal liberty, but when we comider
the length of time it has exi,ted, we, are induced to fear the difficulty of its
to/ut ai:."lition !;I·eat. So early as the reign of Ric:hanl II. we fwd the
practice of arr<"stin~ mariners ano retaining them for the King's service
lJ'ual .and without ,:Lpute. By subseqnent fitatute, any waterman u.sing
t~le RIveI' Tham€s, and hiciillg bimself dIning the execution of allY cO!l1mis!
Slon of pl'es~ill!; for the King's service, was liable to heavy penalties. By
statute 5 Ehz. c. 5, No ii.herman shall lie taken by the Queen's commis.
Riotl to serve a.. a mariner; but tire commission ,hall be first brought 'w
two justices of the peace inhabiting neal' the sea'coast, where the mariners
fire to he taken, tOlhe intcnt that thejllstic('s llllly choose out and return
6uch a number of able·hodied Illen as in the commission al'c contained to
,,,eve her M~esty. And, durillg the adlllinistrntiollof Sir It-obert Walpule,
ua:.
PREl' .. 'fii
thi~ evil was Cbnsidered' with an evidently sincere view to its abolition, but
found uopracticahle.
We merely mention these things to shew that impressment, as an evil of so
long standing, seems to imply that it is from nbsolute necessity, lind a necessity
'Very difficult to remove. The plan of binding apprentices of merchant ships to a
$ervice of seven years, in a time of war, wonldcertainly gu far toward lessen-
ing the evil; hut, then, might it not be considered a kind of impressment by
8nticipntillll r- Verlias, on the disparity of pay between the Army and Navy,
!16.-Alf'red, on a proposed Hi~tory of British M.en of War, from the Y/ilar
1700, ib.-N'lvi!(o.'or, query respecting the Mediterranean pass! p.218.
-Veri/flS, on Corporeal Punishments, ib.-lIrlentor, on the same subject,
219.-Navalis, HI} the expediency of abolishing all superfluous Iron Work
on board Ships of War, and on the deficiency of M.edlcal Aid in the Navy,
p.220.-Jonnnes Critique on the Inscription for Caplain Wright's M.onu-
ment, p. 28t.-Another, proffered by an Anonymous Correspnndl"nt, ib.-
Viator, 011 the !!reat inconvenience of sendin!! Baggage to London for in-
spection at the Custom-House, p. 222.-An Officer' qf the Leander, in de-
fence of the Pasteboard Fifties, p. 295.-Neptunus, on the building of
Sbips, p. 297.-Gracchus. recommending the communication of Biogra-
phical DocifmE'nts to'the NAVAL CHRONICLE, p. <Jf)8.-Nestor. on the ne-
cessi,ty of a fixed S!Jstem f!f' Naval Command, p. fJ99, a very excellent
letter, written in the spirit of wisdom and candour, and entitled to official
notice.-Orion, on the Mediterranean Trade, p.30l.-Victor, on the Vic-
tory of Lord Exmouth, p. 303.-Albiun, on the same suhject, p. 305.-
.An Enemy to Slavery, on the state of Algier after the Battle, p.307.-
G. T. T., on the Conduct of the Algerines in the Attack of Lord Exmouth,
p. S08.-T. C. P., on the Construction of our Frigates, p. 377.-A!fred,
on various sul>jects of Improverllent in Naval Regulations, p. 384.-Grac.
chus' second Lf:lter, recommending Communications of Navall3iography,
,p. 385.- Y., on the propriety of bestowing Medals on the Officers And ,men
who fought at Algier, p. 387.-Menlor. on NavalPunishments, p.S87.-0ee-
~nus, in reply to an Officer of the Leander, p. 389.-41bion, on the Practice of
bringing Sugars from distant Estates by ships' long-boats in the West In-
dies, 390, highly creditahle to Albion's humnnity.-A Friend to Naval
Merit, on an ExtenSIOn of the Retired List. ib.-Nestor, on the Duty of
'Na\'al Members of Parliament, p 394.-80l, on the Incorrectness of the
Nautical Almnnack, p.394.-Sfriblerus, advisinl! the Puhlication of our
'Memoir of Captain Wright as a Pamphlet, p. 395,-8., Remarks on the
Sun's Eclipse, Nov. 19th, 396.-Thessaly, assigning the credit of first Break..
ing the Line in Naval Action to the Earl of Sandwich, on the 3d of JUlie,
1665, p. 462.; we avail ollrselves of this opportunity to return our thanks
to 1'hessaly, for several valuable communicotions Accompanying this letter.
-Quaestllr, on the introduction of Corporeal PUMshmE'nts in our Commer~
cial Marine, ib.-Thessaly, extract of a letter from Sir Charles Douglas
to Admiral Greg. giving all account of the actiolls on the 9th and l<Jth of
April, 1782, p. 464.-Candidus, IIsSI"rting the late Lord Nelson 110 Marti-
net, p.468.-Nestor, on Naval Punisbments, and the Employment of ouI.'
Seamen, p. 469.-Albion, on the necessity of watching, with a jealous
eye, the growing Navy of the United States, p.470,a truly patriotic letter.-
Triton, on the improved regulation in the issues of Naval Pay, p. 47fJ.-
,Occasional, correcting error in our .Memoir of Sir David Milne, and trans..
mining a correct list of officers, promoted on occasion of the victory at
Algier, p. 473; weretllrn him our tbanks for his favour.-Neptunus, urg-
jng a continuation of Beatson's Memoirs, p.475.-0rion, all the present
distressed condition of ollr Seamen, p. 476; we most cordially coinci~!I
with Ori01£ ill his observations and suggestiolls.
.,iii PlLEFACE.

Having gone through our multifarious Correspondence in the way of r~

spectful notice, we request our worthy friends to accept otlr ~rateful ao--
knowledgment of their favours, and our hope that their ex~ruons Will be
continued, lind ultimately tend to the general benefit of their country. •
We have now to advert to the Hydrography of theyresent V?lume;. III
doing which, we cannot but feel the weight of obligation to our mdefatlga-
ble friend the Hydrographer, who seems resolved that words sha!l s.ooner
fail, thall cau.e, to thank him. Bnt while thus we acknowledge h15 liberal
and obhging indastry in aid of our endeavours to render the NAVAL
CHRONICLE worthy of thereputatiou it has acquired, we are mostardf'ntly
desirous that his labours might be lightened by the communications of our
ingenious Correspondents, on hydrographical subjects. The importance of
such communications must be unquestionable. The opiniolJs of the Lords
of the Admiralty, on this branch of nautic information, will appear fro~
the following circular, which we here reprint, from page 321 of thUt
volume:- .

(Circular.)

~In. Admiralty-QUice, 'lOth 'Jfay, 1810.

A PRACTICE having oblained among captains and commanding officers of hi,
Majesty's ships and vessels, of applying to this department, as a matter of course,
for certificate~ to b" granted upon btateml'nts furn;.hed by themselves. of oloser~
... ations towards the furtherance of hydrographical knowledge that they ha..e
;made. though the opportunity of mnking such remarks may not ha .. " occurred;
I alll commanded by my Lords Commi.sioners of the Admiralty to acquaint you
that they have directed that, after Ihe 1st of July next, no cqtilicalll of remadts
shall be granted, until the Hydrograpber of thE' Admiralty shall hB"f) reported
whe~her . there was an occasion for ma~ing remarks or not, or (should any be
furmsbed) upou tbe value of the remarks which may have been made; and I
have further to acquaint ;y011 of tbeir Lordships' direction that you transmit hlllf-
yearl.v. to this office, a remark-book, wbich shall con lain, at least, the latitude •
• nd longitudes of al! plljGe. (out of the United Kingdom of Grtat Britain ani
Ireland) in wbich tbe sbip you command may ba .. e been; and. when ....er time
and circumstances will permit, particulars of bearings, soundings, tides. currenta,
lind all other circumstances of nautical utility, are to be earefully entered tbere-
~1l: and I am also to apprise ;you. tbat 110 certificate of reRI811,cs will he iss.u~d
from this department, unless the ohsen!lrtions in tbe several remark-books shal~ ap-
pear to their Lords\lip's to be sqch !Is" with reasonable diligence and accuracy,
migbt be mz,de. Ana my Lords trust tbat y"u. ,,"ith the other offic~rs in bis Ma~
jesty's nava~ service, will see tbe. !Idvallla~e of collecting a hody of hydrograph.i-
call1lformauon. and tbat you WIll exert yourself to tlle lit most of your power In
contribqting to all object so necessary to the general advancement or sciellce, an..
50 bigbly advantagllous to the b~st interests of a great maritime people.
I am, &c.
To the respective Captains, Com-
manders, and Commanding Offi-
cers <if his Mqjesty's Ships alld
Vessels.

Finally, we. re.turn our grateful acknowledgment. 10 our numerous P ...

'fRONS for theIr liberal support, and hope, by ouJ' unremitting endcllmurs tl)
relld.er the NA~AL CIIBOIUCLE worthy of their acceptanc" to obtain tie.
~ollUnuance of It.
.ADDENDA
TO THE

BIOGRAPHlc"AL MEMOIR
OF

JOHN WESLEY WRIGHT, ESQ~

CAPTAIN IN THE ROYAL NAVY.

[Continued from Vol. XXXIV. page 456,]

H ISTORY affords us but too many instances, proving it

the bane of Sovereigns, unless when cndowccl with an
extraoruinary portion of repulsive wisdom, to be not only flat.
tered it! their virtues, but in their vices, fostered. Be the uispo~
~ition of the Sovereign pious or profane, temperate 01' voluptuous,
mild or tyrannical, it is the interest of pal'asites to study and pro-
mote it. He is solicited to indulgence-urged itl his propensities-
and precipitated in his passions, until, with unlimited means of
gratification, he becomes extremely that to which he was originally
but inclined-until his virtues become weaknesses, and his iuitiate
vices dangerous Rnd detestable.-The necessity of a barrier to all
extremes of human conduct is so rationally obvious, that whenever
the consciousness of that lIecessity is lost, we may affirm, the Mail
is lost, and the mouster appears in magnitude proportioned to hi$
power.
In the instance of Buonaparte; the flatteries of his fortune
were of themselves sufficient to generate in him all that extravfim
gance of character and conduct which has so long disturbed and
di,tracted the peaCe of Europe-and which has exhibited instancES
of tyranny aud cruelty in him, so monstrous, that they can scarcely
be-considered as the acts of a human being.
But although the flatteries of his fortune would account for th~
exorbitancy of bis conduct and character, his great power and
recent elevation at the time of Captain W rlg4t's second captivity"

'-au. ~~lon. Vol. xx X. Vi. ~

! NATAL BIOGRAPHY;

operating on the hopes and fears of his offit:ers, drew forth, as an ad-
ditional source of intoxication, and, consequentially, vicious excess;
II. various an abundant and in some inst\l.nces impious adulation
"
from all around him; or who wished to be within the circle of b'IS
immediate notice, maugre truth amI honor; and of this ordinary
class of courtiers was the base, ungrateful Julien, whose original
letter here follows as a comment on ollr test, and in continuation
of the Narrative : -
" Le General de Brigade, JULIEN, Prlfect d. Vannes, au Grand Judge,
Monsieur .REYNIER, 24 Fior~al, 14 Mag, 1814.
c. Ayant appris que les officiers et l'equipage d'une corvette Anglaise prise,
il ya peu de jours, par nos chaloupes cannonieres, passoient it. Vannes ponr
se rendre a Epinal, je fis demander Ie capitaine dans I'intention d'obtenir
adroitement de lui quelques aveux ou quelques renseignemens sur les
traitres qui pouvoient Ie servir sur la dhe, on sur les complices de la con-
.pir.tion qui auroient pn se sauver a son bord et de III passer en Angle.
terre. J e m'attendois peu, a. trouver dans Ie caprtaine un personage assez
important: c'est Mr. Wright qui a jete GeorgE's, Picbegru, at com-
plices sur la cate de Dieppe ; je I'ai beaucoup cannu en Egypt, ou il eooIt
lieutenant de Sidney Smith, et charge par Ie commodore de toutes se!
negociations avec l'armee Frallfaise. J'ai pense que ce Mr, Wright, pour-
roit faire des revelations utiles, ou au moins declarer, pour mettre sa
a
flsponsabilite I'abri, que c'est par ordJ'e de son gouvernement qu'il a vomi
lur nOS ciltes celte ban de d'assassins, et fournir ainsi une nouvelle preuve
authentique de la participation du cabinet Britaunique II cette atrocite.
J'ai done cru uevoir vous I'envoyer deluite par la diligence, etsous l'escorte
de la gendarmerie, en recommaodant tout.fois d'avoir pour lui les egard'
dUB II un prisonnier de guerre.

e< Mr. Wright est Ie m~lUe qui ~happa du Temple, iI ya quelques aonee"
avec Sidney Smith; il est tres fin et ruse, ennemi fanatique des Frallfais,
assez vain pour se croire destine a jouer un role, insolent tant qu'il croira
que la position Ie meta l'abl'i de tout danger, mais qui pourroit foibliet
si on Ie plafoit dans l'alternalive de rnettre autbentiquement sa mission sur
Ie compte de son gouvernernent, ou de passer pour un couspirateur non
avoue, et des: lors justioiable. J'ai eru devoir vous soumettre rna maniere
Ge voir a cet egard. II partira ce soil' par la diligence de Rennes, et
arrivera a Paris presque Russi-tot que rna leure; il est accompagne d'uo
tresjeune neveu et de son domestique, tjue je n'ai pas cru devoir separer d.
lui. Quoique j'ai voulu lui cacher Ie motif de la mesure extraordinaire que je
prenois a son egard, il n'en a pas ete la dupe, et j'ai lieu de croire d'.pres
la conl'Crsation que j'ai eu avec lui, qu'il a d'avance Ihudie son role et
qu'il est decide a garder Ie silence, s'appuyant sur Ie principe qu'il ne doit
compte de ses operations militaircs qu's son gouvernement. Au relle de
q,I.htue utili~e qu'i1 puisse vous ,~t~e, ou quell~,s que soient les mesures'que
VOUI prendrlez a 100 tigard, J ftl peRle, qll a tQut evencmeot, il seroit
lORN WESLEY Wll.lGIJT, ESQ. 3
illleressant de vous envoyer un homme qui a jaue un role dans \'affreu80
conspiration qui vient d' allal'lller toute la France, et que la Providence,
toujours propice, afin de donner Ii Buonaparte nn Ilouveau temoignage de sa
surveillance, iemble avoir jette sm'la cate du l\'[orhihall oU son batiment bien
(lrrne, a ete pris per des simples batwaux, at lui rn~rnereconnu dans la foule
des prisonlliers, parmi les quels il auroit rest~ cOllfoudu dans tout autre
endroil que celui~ci.
" J'ose esperer, Citoyen Millistre, que vous approuverez II' mesure qui
j'ai prise.
" J'ai !'!Jonneur de vous salner.

Julien.,. -
"0 feel the fun force of what relates to this man's conduct, it is
I,l(lcessary that this his letter to the Grand Judge should be present
to the memory. I shall now abandon him to his infamy, and pro.
c~d to describe the treatment I received in Paris.
Conducted by two soldiers, one by my side in the carriage, and
tbe other upon the coach-box, I arrived in Paris after ten days'
pa.inful journey, accompanied by my little nephew aDd my ser.
vant, whom Julien had permitted to go with me: the agitation of
the journey had extended the inflammation of my wound to the
bladder, ~nd produced an excruciating strangury that had nearly
forced me to. remain at Handan, near Paris. In this situation, Oil
the morning after my arrival, I was transferred from Real's police
office, to the Temple, and sudde.nly conducted, under a guard,
before Judge Thuriot, presid,ing at a court of iuquisition, attended
by numerous secretaries, and su~roumled hy a miI~tary guard.
This man's countenance and brutal dcme:tnour, brought to the
~emory the savages who, issuin!? f~om that hot-bd of the violent
passions, the SmIth of france, at a too lJl.emorab!e e~och of the
late disgraceful revolution, rushed upon Paris to massacre thou.
l!ands of innocent victims confined iJ:! its corroding prisons, with.
out trial or even examination. He appeared, like another
Jefferies) panting for blood, and cumu"ating insult, artifice,
falsehood, amI menace, to disconcert, betray, and intimidate tha
weak or unwary.
To his first questions, "my name, llro.fessio.n, &c." I an.
swered, that bdng taken in arms, I had perfectly satisfied th~

, Fl'r 'l'flIJlIlation. ~i<l~ Ja. (It. \'Ill. xii. p. 15.

4 NAVAr. BIOGRAPHY.

mtlitary men to whom I surrendered, upon all these points j that.

as this novel mode of proceeding was in direct hostility to rel
ceived principles, and the practice of civilized Ilatio~s towanJs
their prisoners of war, I was determined not to give it the least
sanction, by my acquiescence, and should therefore dedine
answering any questions.
A pretty animated conversation ensued, upon general princi-
ples, the law of llations, and customs of war, in which he very
indecently loaded my government and country with the most
unjust and gross abuse, and concluded by declaring, that the laws.
and customs of France alone should be applied to me. Waving
what immediately concerned my government, whose defense lob.
served it was unnecessary for me to undertake, as it was fully
oompetent to justify its own measures, and would, no doubt,
prove to Enrope the falsehood of these aspersions, I pointed out
to him the injnstice of applying to me the laws of France, which
I was totally unacquainted with, to which lowed no obedience,
and would yield no submission; confining myself within the s;lcred
character of a prisoner of war, claiming personal inviolability, in
"irtue of the law of nations, I denied the competency of any
authority in France to interrogate me, and again declined answer.
ing any questions. This disappointment of his hopes increasing his
brutality, and his rage getting the better of all judicial decorum,
he had the insolence to couple me with persons he called conspira.
tors and assassins, employed by the British government; and
declared he would force me to answer, or sen.] me before a military
commission, to be instantly shot as a spy, if J persi,led in my
refusal •. To this I answered, with a mixture of in dig Dation and
contempt, that I had never been afraid of my rnemy's shot, that
my person was in his hands, and he might do with it as he thought
proper; but no power on earth should force me to betray my
King and Country, or dishonor myself. Finding at .length that
he was preparml for every "iolatioll, and, lest my total silence
should, in case of my becoming a probable saorifi(:c to my prin.
'cipJes, favoul," an ind uetion of criminality, which this government
, would not fail to propagate, for its own justification, I deter.
mined to leave behind me, consigned to the J1ecords of Ihis country,
such a statement of the battI!l in wllich I was overpowered as
would establish my cIaimJ and that of my officers and ship's c~rn.
JOHN 'WESLEY WRIGHT, ESQ.

pany, to the honorable treatment due to prisoners" of war.

With' this view, I particularly described the action; and entirely
confining my replies to what related to it, whenever he inter.
posed, as he often did, any subject foreign to this, I referred him
to my former answers, declaring my resolution not to reply to
aoy questions of such a nature, either negatively or affirmative(y.
He strongly urged me to acknowledge having debarked conspira.
tors and assassins in France; to recognize thirty or forty persons,
who were confronted with me, and of whom he as falsely as impu-
dently asserted, previous to their appearance, that they had all
acknowledged having been landed by me, under orders from the
.British cabinet, for the purpose of murdering the First Consul,
overthrowing the government, and creating a civil u'ar in
France. I replied, that I would not recognize any person what_
soever that might be confronted with me; and should the whole
emigration of France be brought before me, I w?uld not acknow-
ledge ever to have seen one, though I might have known many of
them; that, ignorant as I was of the precise object of this extra_
ordinary and obdously sinister proceeding, which I demanded to
know, but was refused to be told, I would make no answer that
could have ,even the remotest tendency to commit any unfortunate
men; and he need not, under such circumstances, expect any
thing from my mouth that might, under his interpretation, attach
delinquency to myself: I rejected with indignalion those horrid
imputations, and felt it necessary to exhibit the Mayor of Auray'·s
letter, in proof of the humane principles which governed my
actions. With respect to my orders, I declared that I hali been
wherever they had led, but I would render no particular account
of them to the enemies of my country: I was quite indifferent, I
told him, as to what. others might be described to have said of
themselves or of me, and my conduct should be. regulated alone
by my own ideas of honour amI rectitude; being in the presence
of my enemies, I had reasol] to suspect the purity of their inten.
tions, and should of course be upon my guard against their
treachery.
Of the persons confronted with me, three only said they knew
me to be the captain who had landed them in France: two of
these were suborned witnesses, who had been threatened with
death if they did not affirm they Imew. me, a.nd were screened
NAl'A.L BIOGRAp.ny.

from the effect of prosecution, for baving, under this menace,

consented to give the evidence required: the third, in a letter ta
Real, afterwards explained away the whole force of what had hellA
atated as his deposition, by asserting, that, far from declaring I
was the captain of the ship in which he came from England, h:e
meant to say, merel;g, he had been acquainted with me in LondoD~
This examination lasted almost five hours, until I was nearly
exhausted, by the fatigue of six days' journey, an ,increasing
inflammation, the great heat of a close and crowded room, awl
the ebbs and flows of contempt and indignation, ex.cited by a suc~
4:ession of insult and provocation.
It is necessary to remark, that Thuriot directed the secretary
to commit to writing such parts only of this examination, as suited
bis particular purpose, entirely omitting his menace to send me
before a military commission, or my answers, which, on tbe one
hand, would expose his departure from principle anel decorum, or
on the other, might leave some favorable impression of my cha..
racter and conduct. But incorrect and mutilated as the written
examination was, I thought proper to subscribe my name, as it
really contained a narrative of the battle, and d",monstrated the
claims of myself and my people.
General Savary, whom I bad spoken of to the gend'armes,.
during my jou,rney, and expre~sed a. desire to see, 4!ame to me,
soon after I was dismissed by Thuriot. After a vain attempt to
draw from me some avowal injurious to the unfortunate men before
mentioned, he endeavoured to irritate my feelings, to throw me
off my guard, by an unjust and ungrateful attack on my friend,
Sir Sidney Smith, to whom thousands of his countrymen arc
under lasting obligations; but he managed this so clumsily, that
in condemning my friend's politics, as detcdable, his heat betrayed
~im into an unwilling eulogium all Sir Sidney's private character,
Finding me very unyielding, and quite prepared to support the
public and private character of my friend, he shifted his ground 2
and pointed his attack at :Mr. I. Spencer Smythe, to whom he seemed
resolved to give no quarter. He brought to my mind t~e fable of
the wolf and the lamb, who having proved his own inn9cen<,:e, to
the savage beast, was still doomed to expiate the faults of some
'remote part of the family. He vainly boasted of having formel\
his judgment of Sir Sidney Smith in two days; and I must confeSS it
.JOliN 'WESLEY WRIGHT, ESQ. '1
bore the stamp of a 'Der!} hasty judgment. After menacing me, and
tlireateniag Sir Sidney, as well as other British officers who should
be found equally devoted to the service of their sovereign and
their country, he had the folly and atrocity to declare, "nous ne
lerons plus la guerre aux A.nglais honorablement et 10?Jaleme'1lt,
a
mais nOlls sommes determines leur f-aire tout Ie mal possible, par
'ous les mO?Jens imaginables j" to this I replied, "des que VOllS
me failes eet aveu, it faut prendre son parti :" he quitted me,
saying, "'DOUS pomJez m'eerire\:" but as his conduct had left an
impression upon my mind extremely unfavorable to a military
man, I entertained not the least idea of having any further com.
munication with him.
I was immediately locked up in an upper tower, guarded for
about a week by a centinel in my room, who was relieved every
six hours: Diy riepliew and servant were separated from me.
Two days after the first examination, I was again conducted
before Thllriot, who recurred to the same artifices, falsehood, and
insult, througb the course of an equally tedious and tiresome
" interrogatoire," under which I several times dozed in my chair;
but changing the terms of his menace, he declared that I should be
considered as a member of the conspiracy~ and be tried for my life;
coupled, he said, with conspirators and assassins, whom I had
voluntarily landed in France, unauthorized by my government,
who would disavow me, and to whose protection I could have no
claim. I told him it was not difficult to answer him victoriously;
repeating, that in the whole course of fuy services as a cap-
tain of the British navy, I had acted under orders which were ever
eminently humane; but not being responsible to my enemy, I
ShOldd decline entering any furthet into particulars; satisfied that
I had honorably performed my duty, I was ready to meet the
.ery worst consequences of it, and felt no apprehension of being
disavowed by my government. I was again confronted with many
persons, whom I refused to recognize, and declined to answer
auy questions concerning them. As a last experiment, Thuriot
affected t'o snspend over my head, in terrorem, a criminal prose.
cution, for having. formerly escaped ftom the Temple, by means
of a supposititious order for transferment. But I suffered nothing
to warp me in the least, from the line of conduct I had early pre.
kril1ed to JDyrelf, and -which is as follows :-Deprived, as I was,
NATAL BIOGRAPHY.

of counsel, or communications of any kind; secretly' immured~

without access to any information of what had already taken place,
or was under intended with regard to the unfortunate, but
respectable men I was coupled with; equally ignorant whether I
was to be shot as a spy, arraigned as a criminal, or exhibited as a;
witness, and brought froID my cell, occasionally, as part of the
mechanism of the political tragedy then getting up for representa-
tion, I determined generally to withhold all information which
the enemy should appear solicitous to obtain; to recognize no pel'-
son whatsoeve1' that should be presented to me for that purpose;
to decline making any declaration that could, even remotely, im-
plicate others; and finally, to refuse to answer any question not
immediately connected with the descrip::on of the battle in which I
was taken. Thuriot, having completely failed in ull his efiorts,
1V0und up his lahours, by saying " it est done iilutile de 110U8
interroger;" to which I readily replied, "pwjaitement;" and
was recommitted to secret confinement. IV1y nephe" and my ser.
vant were also interrogated by Thuriot, tOil ching my services for
some years back, my family anti connexions, my nephew's family,
&c. with an indelicacy that, I believe, has no parallel; and, I
have reason to believe, with a view of serving the purposes of the
police, through the medium of .pies which this government enter-
tains in England, hanging upon the skirts of society, to pick up and
report private conversations. A few days after, my nephew was
permitted to be with me,
Considering it beneath the dignity, and inconsistellt with the
manly character of a British officer, to cover his personal re'pon.
sibility by fable or artifice, I imagined no tale of deception, I
disdained using the least pwvarication, and stood alone lIpon the
ground of the incompetency of the power that wished to subdue me
to its authority; refusing to dcelare, either negatively or affirma-
tively, whether I had formerly been confined in the Temple, as
had been proved before me, by the evidence of many; and ha"ing
reason to apprehend that my recognition of the persons who gave
.the evidence, might become grountl of prosecll tion, or persecu-
tion, against them, I equally declined saying whether J l,nclV
them or not. After some time the perpetual centinel was with ...
drawn.
In the course of the week, General Savary, accompa~i~d by
JOHN W,[SLEY WRIGHT, ESQ.

two superior officers, repeated his visit. He seemed disappointed

that I had not written to him: he gave me to understand that my
case was very critical, and insinuated a menace. I told him, with
marked contempt, that it was impossible, in justice, to refuse my
claims as a prisoner of war; but if the enemy must have a British
victim to grace a triumph, I was ready to shed my blood for my
Sovereign and my Country, but never would betray them, or
sully my hon"Our. He then changed his ground, saying, "Je sui:;
que VOltS ne craignez pas la mort, lIIais VOltS l:Ie;' deshonnore dan:;
loute l' Eltrope, l'on VOllS regarde com111e complice d'assassins,
votre reputatiun estjietrie." I revlied indignantly, that my re.
putation was not in the power of my enemy; it was in the keeping
of my country, and of my friends, who, bcing well acquainted
with my character, would defend it; many of his countrymen had
ample reason not to be ignorant of it: it could not be tarnished
by any thing that fell from his mouth, and I was not then in a
situation in which an honorable man would permit himself such
observations. That the calumnies it might be the interest of my
enemies to circulate, would yield under the manifestation of trnth,
which could not long be concealed; in the mean time, I was per.
fectly indifferent to them, whilst I retained an approving consci~
ence, as they wonld not be believed. by those whose good opinion
I valued. He remarked, that the mere approbation of. my COR.
science was not enough; to which I replied, it was quit!! suffi.
cient for an honest man. He attempted to wrest from me some
declaration tOllching the nature of my orders, and asked me where
they were? I told him I would give him JlO accouut of them,
farther than that they had been uestroyed, as my duty dictated.
lIe insiuuated a pretended doubt of my being an Englishman, or a
British officer.*
" Hidiculing this folly, I declared I was born in Ireland, and
shewed him my uniform: but he remarked, that was no proof of
my being a Bri:ish officer, for the bt'igands I had brought from
England had uniforms. I replied, that I had no connexion with
Qrigands, and that my title to the uniform I wore, was llerived

* This man dined for near a monlh with me at Sir Sidne'y Smith's table, Oil
board the Tigre. during the treat.Y or ji:l ••-\Ii.h.

Jlla\l, Itbron. Vol. XXX VI. c

10 NA.VAL lJIOOIlAI'Hl'.

trom the commission in my pocket. He noW attempted to paSI

lome compliments on my personal character, but glancing, at the
same time, some unjust censure on the national character, Ire.
all
jected \\ ith disdain praise that was offered atthe expense of. my
'country, whose reputation, I affirmed, was far superior to that
,
of. his country for enlightened humanity. He appeared to regret
the indecorum of his conduct, and begged this altercation might
.
tease, on perceiving that it tended to his discomfiture, instead of
JlUmiliating or disconcerting me, as he intended. I readily agreed p
reminding him, however, that it did Dot originate with me, and that
I had been reduced to the necessity of repellin; an illdecent attack.
Foiled in all his attempts to throw me off my' gnard,. he at length
kuddenly said, with great affected emphasis, "tenez, Monsieur
Wright, si i'etoisa 'Colre pltlCe, Je 'montreraia encore plus M
'Caroctere que 'DOUS n'en motltre': m~me, car je dirois, oui, c'e,'
'moi. qui les ai debarques:" to which I replied, calmly, " cc n'esl
pas de son ennemi qu' 'un officier .4nglais, dolt'recciloir des lefons
sur 8e8 devoir8."
The situation ohMs man, 'and the part he may yet be destined to
take, in the public affairs of tbi. country, have imposed it almost
as a duty ~pOD me, to describe him aecnrately, in his own words.
Bis conduct obviollsJisuggests the epithet that alone suits him, and
makes me forbear to apply it.
Be left me abruptly, saying, "VOllS tie vous reclamerez pas tie
'moi done, Monsieur Wright;" an impliea menace, which neither
"deserved Dor excited more than silent, though not less manifest,
contempt.
l'he keeper of the prison 'has since informed me, in a manner
that bore the air of a message from Savary, that thlt latter had an
intention of repeating his visit to me. Entering into a recapitula. '
tion of this man's ignoble conduct, I told the keeper, that of aU
the despicable wretches it had been my misfortune to meet with,
Savar:y was the man for whom I had the most sovereign contempt:
thal his conduct was disgraceful to a military uniform. I recom.
mended him to desist from his intention, as he would hear from me
such sentim!'J)ts only as would make him blinh, if he were yet sus.
cl:ptible of the feeling of shame.
I told the keeper, that being myself a man of no resentments
which is strictly tluYcase, I felt no other sentiment but pity fo;
.fOHN WESJ;.ET WRIGHT, E5q. 11
my 1,ersecutors, whose concluct I should Dever imitate: aDd I
..eally have a feeling of honest pridt', in the cGnv~ction, that if it
should ever again be in my po~er to foUow the duties of my pro-
{~ssion, this miserable persecution, void of any practical or de.
sirable object, will nevu pro'~ke me to vengeance, but stilD~_
late ~e to such hu~ane and benevole~ttreatment of my prisona
e~, as will establish III contrait creditable to tbe Dat~onal char~.
ter of England, ami to the reputation of the navy, whIch consti-
tute my cllief pride and comfort.
I have no doubt that the repetition of my sentiments to Savary,
has llrevented his hearing them frQm my own "mouth, for he hal
not ~ppeared since.
A summons being shortly after brol;lgbt me t~ appear on a fixed
clay as an evi"~nce against the pf'rson~ accused of conspiracy I.&nd
plot of assassination, subjecting me to certain penalties expresRed
in case of DOB.compliance, I protested agaillst the authority of any
court in France to bring me legally before it: declared, that as a
Britisb officer, a prisoner of war, I could not be compelled to
give any elVidenee, and that' subject as I stilI wai, though a pri-
soner, to the martial Jaw and discipline of the navy, it was
impossible for me to comply with the summons without being
guilty of high treason against my King and Country, and incurring
the penatty of death; that I could have no hesitation, in this
dilemma, as to the preference of being shot by the anemy, in tbe
execution of my public duty, and the support of my persona~
honor, rather than be shot in my own country {'Ir tbe violatio.n
of both; and upon this ground I refused to receive the summons:
but this protestation not satisfying the messenger of the court, who
had delegated his power to one of the guardians of the prison, I
was conducted to the guicket, where repeatinll' my protest, with
my reasons at length, to the messenger, I finally refused to re-
ceive the summons. He said he must leave it, to perform his
dllty; to which I reJllied, that I must eq\lally reject it, to comply
with mine, and we migbt probably both be right: this scene
dosed by his leaving the sllmmon~ with the gllardian, ~nd by 1I1Y
ridicllling the absurd farce, of pretending to summon me judicially
to give evidence before the cOl!rt, ",hl'n I was known to be a
"cret prisoner, without the possibility of exercisigg '" free will~
NAVAL BIOGRAPHY.

and under such circumstances as must invalidate any evidence, in

a civilized court of justice.
" In a few days after, I W:1S brought down from an upper turret
to a better apartment, and my servant was permitted to attend
me. On the first day of the trial I was taken to the guichet, where
a messenger was waiting with a gend'arme, to conduct me before
the court, in conformity with the summons I had rejected. Ire.
peated my verbal protest, exposed my reasons, asserted my rjgh'ts~
denied the competency of the court, claimed the law of nations,
and c~st~msof ·war,and refused to accompany them. The mes-
senger then told me he had orders to use no violence, and to treat
me with respect, and begged me to address my protest in writing
to the president: this i refused, upon the ground of Ilaving
nothing to do with- the court or the president, either immediately
or remotely; assuring him, that neither violence nor civility
should induce me ·'to do a voluntary act of the natnre of that
required: upon this he left me, to make his report, but return::-
jng some time after, accompanied by an officer and guard, he
~nnollnced his having positive orders to ta:ke me b,'fore the court
by force, if it was not to be accomplbhed by gentle mean~. The
ot1icer made the same declaration, entreated me not to place him
under the necessity of recurring to violence, which he wished to
avoid, and pointed out how illeffectual the resistance of one
unarmed man must be against his guard. Having formally re.
peated by protest against tlJis violation of the law of nations, and
feeling- that I l;ad done my duty to my King and Country, to the
utmost of my power, sustained my honor, and satisfied my con.
science, as a private man, I declared, that under compulsion of
superior force" my appearance before the court must be quite
i,!lvoluntary, and that nothing should compel me to give any evi.
dence whatsosyer. I was then conducted to the court, and after
hearing the act of accusation read, which occupied the whole
sitting, I was remalldt'd to my secret confinement, without having
been examined; notice being given me, that on a future day I
must re-appear, to undergo an examination. In the mean time ,
my officers, includine: two very young midshipmen, after haTing
been threatened with torture, I believe at Real's police-office, as
"ill appear by Lieutenant. Wallis's letter, Were brought tu Ute
Jonlt WESLEY WRtG,HT, ESQ.

Temple, and put under secret and solitary confinement, and were
again examined by the kerper's son, who took a minute of their
answers. In a week after my first appearance at the criminal
court, I was again forced to appear, as had been announced to me,
after formally protesting nearly in the same manner I bad done
before.
"Iwas for some'time left in an antichambcr, where the wit_
nesses were collected: these being for the most part what 'ate
technically denominated femoz'ns forces, may be considered as
.such in the most literal acceptation of the phrase, for they were
describing to each other the different kinds of torture tliat had
been applied to them, to extort confessions contrary to "the truth,
a~d. against their consciencies, for the purpose of.making the pub.
lic believe in a plot of assassination, of which the non.existence
:cannot perhaps be bettl'r proved, thaN by this circumstance of the
governm(mt having totally omitted that charge in the official indict.
ment, causing it to -be published throughout the provinces, and
using it in all the preliminary proceedings, as an engine of the
inquisition, to intimidate the weak and unwary, and attach some
popularity tp measures that were every where reprobated. Some
of these poor pl!ople had their thumbs s~rewed together by the
cock of a musket, operating as a vice, while gunpowder was
placed upon their nails and fired; others had burni!lg coals, or hot
cmbers applied to the sales of their feet; the most shameful via.
lence had been used to others; all had b~en threatened to be shot;
the houses o( many had been rifled, their furniture destroyed in
search of written evidence, and their families put to the rout; all
these atrocions acts, the :;:overnment agents were charged with in
my prcsenc(', anrl in that of 50 soldiers, some of whom having been
aclors in the inhlllnar, outrages, denied a part, although much the
gravest part was still re.asserted, and remained undisputed; amI
from what I and my officers have experienced, there remains not
the least doubt in my mind of the facts maintained. On leading
me into court, the messenger informed me that I should be tricd
for my life, with the other prisoners, if I should refuse to answer
the questions to be put to me, or to confirm my examination be.
fore Judge Thllriot: to this I replied: soyez persuade queje n'en
ferai den. By this menace, I first discovered the use intended
to be made of the writtcn interrogation I had sigued; and tho
14 :U.v AL BIOG~A.PHT.

comfort I immediately felt reflecting upon tlu~ conduct I had pr4!J-

stribed to myself in the earliest stage of this painful and delicate
business, and which had strictly regulated all I had said and
signed, tended greatly to support and fortify my mind, under a
sp~tacle as novel to me, as it was imposing in itself; forced un.
der implied delinquency into the presence as it were of a whole
n"tion, nay even of Europe, my name artfully and most unjustly
connected with pretended plots of assasslnation; opposed as a
witness against 40 unfortunate men arraigned for their lives ; the
character of my country manifestly the primary object of the
enemy's attack; and not a little dependant upon the conduct I
should hold, and the issue of the trial.
It being observed that I walked lame as I was led into court, a
chair was offered to me; seating myself perfectly at my ease, with
my leg iu a resting posture across the opposite knee, I employed
my eyes, previous to the examination, all round the hall, examin.
ing its structure, ornaments, and audience. The president, calling
me by name, enjoined. in a certain formula, to answer all the
questions that would be asked me, without partiality, hatred, or
fear. I replied, in French, that I ha.d to observe, in the first
place, that military men knew no fear; that I was a British pri.
soner of wa.r; that I had surrendered by capitulation, after an
action with a very superior force; that knowing my duty to my
King, and to my Country, whom I loved, and to whose service I
had devoted myself from my youth; and owing no account of my
public services to any authority but my own government, I would
not answer anyone of the questions that might be put to me: that I
daimcd from him the law of nations, alld the customs of war
among civilized nations, those laws and customs which I had
always extended to the llumerous .l<~renchmen' who had fallen
within my powjlr. The approbation, and tht! cries of silence from
the vergers of the court, alternately interrupting me, I several
times suspended my speech until silence was restored, and resumed
it I.llways where I hall left off, in order that the public might hear
the whole of what I had to say, and to defeat the trick that I
observed was about to be practised, to permit me to say only
what might answer the enemy's purpose. After this, the interro.
gations I had undergone before Thuriot, were ordered to be read:
the secretary bad not fiuished the preamble, when I interrupted
JOHN WESLEY WRIGHT, ESQ.

hili'l, by saying, I had a preliminary observation to make: the

president granted me la parole, and I seized the opportunity of
declaring aloud, that those writings were incorrect, as, amongst
other omissions, they did not contain the threat to send me before a
military commission, to be instantly shot as a spy, if I did not
betray my government, and dishonor myself. The rage arid
agitation of Thuriot at this moment became extremely remarkable
tg every body; he rose, and addressed the president with great
gesticulation, interrupted me; I still insisting, and succeeding
to express myself loud enough to be heard by the whole audience,
notwithstanding the reading which at times continued, and at
others was suspended, until Thuriot's continued instances with the
president induced the latter to call aloud iteratively and precipi.
tately, faiies retirer les temoins; during some of the interrup-
tions, the secretary took a share in the debate, by telling me,
first, that what I insisted on would occur in the course of the
reading; but being contradicted by me, he then said it was in the
second interrogation, which he would at length read; this pro-
yoked me to turn round and tcIl him, sternly and loudly, that he
himself knew it was not in either, for he had written them ooth.
The witnesses being ordered to withdraw, I descended two or
three steps from my seat, then turned round, bowed to the man
who had the civility to offcr me a chair, then saluted the prisoners
all round, and retired, bowing to the counsel and to the audience
as I passed, without once turning towards the court. 1 have endea-
voured to give an exact picture of this proceeding, to shew how
little the ends of substantial justice were the object in view; and
how exactly it resembled a piece de theatre, where les convenances
had been the chief object in contemplation, to deeeil'e tIle public,
and give a false colour to the scenery, [hat it would not naturally
bear. I believe no European court of justice ever exhibited a
scene of such base, criminal, and indecent artifice. I was re.
manded to my secret pl·ison. There is reason to believe that my
enemies regret ever having brought me into it. I have since told
some of their agents that there was no little 1llaladresse, in letting
me into their secrets behind the scenes, where 1 contemplated aU
the traps and wires that set their puppets in motion: some llave
frankly acknowledged tbe fact, whilst others have almost blushed
in silence; but they are a very unblushing tribe. It is impossible
16 NATAL BIO(,}RAPRY.

for me to feel' towards such people any other sentiment than the
most sovereign contempt; and after the' base and llngenerous
falsehoods they have published against my reputation, for public
purposes knowing them at the same time to be falsehoods, 1
must, at ,the expense of every, private and personal COllSI'dera t'lOn,
manifest that sentiment on every occasion, by all the dignified
means in my power,
" I find I have omitted to state, that the former keeper of the
Temple, his wife, the present keeper, the emigrant before men-
tioned, as well as the suborned witnesses and otbers, were called
upon again in court, to recognize, and to be recognized by me:
they gave similar evidence to that they had previously given, but I
refused ,to answer either negatively or affirmatively, when asked
if I knew them.*"
" It is manifest that the enemy at first meant to make me the vic-
tim of my devotion to my country; but finding that the engine of
his inquisition had failed to produce the materials he sought fur,
to give a colour of justice to so flagrant a violation of the law of,
nations, and apprehensive, perhaps, of the application of the la\v
of retaliation, to some of the present prisoners in England, he laid
aside this iutention, though he still hoped to wrest from me decla-
rations that, being artfully woveu into the plot of assassination
conjured up ill Paris, might be shown to the world as presumptive
proof that it had originated with the British government, as a
British officer would appear to have been employed to land in
France, the persons to whom the execution of it was assigned by
the French government. He seems also to have expected some
avowal that he might strain into an unnatural form, in some
degree to justify the dcstmction of men as respectable for theit
public character, as they were for their talents and energy, whose
influence he was jealous of, as capable of thwarting his ambition,
and of opposing his usurpation: another desire, not less near his

, * Thu,s cnded the attempt» Qf Thuriot, in the garb of Justice, and ofSavnry,
h!, coadJlIlOr, as the Director of Civil Order, to divest a British officer of all
tllat remained ,'~ith him as tlleir captive-his IlOlIOI', But in this they failed-·
never was ,British honor more nohl:v maintained_or more disgracefu'Uy
attempted. But nl!hough h~ bad stood the test-had passpd the ordeal-it wai
only as a destined victim to thv place of sacrifice-not a victiul to ublic ulic
Pllt to personal resentment. p P y,
J"OHJ'( WEiLEY WRIGHT, ESQ. Ii
heart, was, to hold up to Europe an ignoble example of disloyalty
and pusillanimity, in the conduct .of a British officer, yielding
:under the tenor of his brutality, to support the calumnies he
daily cause~ to be published against the national character of
England, and th~ reputation of its incomparable navy; for the
whole of his conduct, wherever that character and reputation have
been concerned, has demonstrated it to be a fundamental principl6
of his tactique, to discredit, degrade, aud endeavour to destroy
them by base means, convinced that they are the only strong bar-
rier to the progress .o~ machinations, s€hemes of conquest and
usurpation, which, in the weakelled and debased state of the con.
1inent of E.urope, is still left; convinced that England, while
respectable and ~espected, at home and abroad, can alone check
his newly usurped.iU,fluence, by her long established credit; that
she only is yet capable of bringing into the struggle the unimpaired
athletic force of independent adolescence.
" After a month's secret and solitary conlinement,my officers
were permitted to walk about the court-yard; they profited of
facilities occasionally found, to have access to me; and the boys,
whose education I was anxious should not be neglected, came to
me daily several times, to repeat the tasks I had set them, through
the small opening of the door; and I do not recollect their being
more than once or twice interrupted in their visits.
"In J nly, my officers were di~ected to prepare for their departure,
and it was announced to me that my nephew and my servant were
to join the party. On' this occa~ion I wrote the letter to the
minister of war, which some time after· the departure of my officers
produced me the visit partly de!cribed before. In the course of
conversation, Colonel Curts told me, that hopes of peace had been
conceived by them; I suppose lle meant his government, at the
periq!i of the King's last illness, on the prospect of the Prince of
Wales's accession to the throne; and he expressed llis desire to
,now my Opillion of the probability of his Royal Highness being
~o in.clined. I replied, that'I had not the least doubt the Prince
of 'Vales .would mark the lirst momen,ts of his reign, by his energy
in support of the honor of the conntry. The conversation turned
upon'· the'in rasion, which he said he believed would immediately

~ab. ~!JrOl1. Vol. XXXVI. D

18 ••tU.L 1S10GltAPU'Y.

take place: I told h~m, the only reason I had to rtlgret this cit.
cumstance, arose from the little hope I had oC- being one of the
party. I observed that it had been the fashion here to speak
lightly of our soldiers, but I recommended him not to indulge
luch an iIlusi<m: he replied, that he was himselC very Car from
undervaluing our army. He had been in Egypt, and I believe
was at the capitulation of the French army there. He seemed to
lay considera.ble stress upon the hopes they entertained of support
from an English mob, in the expedition, and magnifying the
importanee oC the factions by which he said the country was dis.
turbed, glancing also at the opposition to the ministry. With
respect to the firat, J told him he appeared to be under great error;
he would find a very masculine resistance, where he expected sue.
cour; and asking him what advantage a French army could possi.
bly offer to EnglishmelJ, to induce them to join, or favour it ;.
I remarked, that surely he could not, now.t least, pretend to
meet Englishmen, with proffers of Liberty In his mouth; on
which he rrplied, rather itastily, system; it was quite unneces.
aary to carry this subject further, than to wish him the enjoyment
of his liberty.
" With respect to the opposition, I told him the French had
always misconceived it; they looked upon it as a faction aiming
at the destruction of the ,?onstitution and government; when it
was, in fact, the sentinel over the public purse; a torch to
enlighten the minister; a constitutional barrier, that every trllo
Englisbman 1'enerated and cherished in his heart; and an abun.
dwt source of national energy, that produced the most beneficial
effects. He appeared to hue some particular unostensible mis •
• ion ; he had my letter to the miuister with him, al!d another he.
referred to occasionally as his iustructions. Speaking of the can •.
duct of the war in Egypt and in Syria, he glanced a little censure
at my friend Sir Sidney Smith (for whom, howe1'er, he proCessed
profound respect), for joining the Turks at St. Jeall d' Acre,
when Buonaparte's army Wail advancing agai.nst that place. lob.
lerved, that it was quite legitimate to support our ally, and "Iery
natural to Englishmen to follow their enemy wherever he led them;
that.it would ~e very fair to ask wbat business had a French army
makmg war III a neutral country, without permission of th..
JOHII WE,liLEY WIUGBT, ESQ. 19
sonreign :. and I took occasion to tell him, that he had better not
go too deep into that Buhject, for he was speaking of a man who
was perfectly acquainted with all that had passed in Syl'ia: he
ventured.toask me zchat.'i I cited Buonaparte's ordre dujour to
his army, accusing Sir Sidney Smith of having sent to Constanti.
nople for ships infected with the plague, for the premeditated
purpose of destroying the French prisoners he had captured;
although he was actually sending them to France most humanely,
at great expense, accompanied by his own officers: Colonel Curts
acknowledging the truth of this, I immediately observed, " I sup'"
pose he will not think' proper to retract this calumny." He then
attempted to retort some ridiculous charges against Sir Sidney
Smith, which induced me to say, I was ready to avow and take
upon myself every act of Sir Sidney'S. Here· this conversation
ended, and considering the situation I am ill, and the person I
have to deal with, will perhaps be tho,ught that I went quite far
enough; but,I had in the rear of this fact such' a corps .de reserve,
as would have petrified him where he stood, if he had given me
any v~)'y strong reason for bringing it forwar~. He said he had
no doubt the minister of war would, from his report, make such
a representation to the Emperor, as would operate a change in my
fayour; it. wag at this period of .!lur conversation, that I told him
I would receive no favour or pardon, je ne VBUX pas de grace,
plutot /" mort Sill' Ie champ; and. I discovered that ,he wished
to know' that very circumstance. He. professed upon introducing
himself, to me, to have a mission of delicacy; and I will say that
hC,did not depart from it; but I entered into all the reasons l had
for reprobating the conduct which had been hdd to me. ThtlSe
are the most eSsi.\ntial circumstances that have presented them.
selves to my recoUection.
" I have omitted to mention a circumstance or two, whkh will
strongly characteflze the rbgime these barbarians kept me vcry
long under: I requested permission to have a flute for my amuse.
ment, which was positively tefused: but lluring the time my
officers were here, I procured one clandestinely, which has 'llot
been taken from me. I believe I mentioned (to you) verbally, that
for ten. months I was not per)llittcd to obtain books fnr my amuse.
ment; 011 requesting that permission, through Faueonnier, a gl)ud
!O NA.VAL mOGltArUV.

many months ago, be told me I had nearly every thing I could

want; and casting his eyes on a few books my officers had left me,
he replied, that I had already mdre than I could read. On ano.
ther occasion, he told me, that they had a right to treat their pri.
soners of was as they pleased: this is the very answer made to
Cresar by Arioviste, l~ing of the savage Celts, during the war in
Gaul; and it is not, by many, the first proof! have had, that the
prescnt rulers of this unfortunate country derive their principles
from the barbarians. I practise patience, and the burth~n of my
song is :-dulce et decorum est pro patria mori.
" Confining myself to the more important facts, as much as pas.
hie, I have omitted a multitude of minor, though not Jess charac.
terisHc circumstances, in order to avoid trivial details, which,
though not destitute of their peculiar interest, derive all that I
attach to them, from the,extraf)rdinary conduct they contribute to'
elucidate'. I have purposely forborne to scatter flowers as I went,
to cmbelllsh the tedious path; and preferring the opinion that
will result from the operation of an unbiassed judgment, I have
avoided any attcmpt to excitc an interest by an appear to the
feelings.
" I have now to declare, that perfectly resigned as I am to my
fatc, I am able to support !hc worst a ba.rbarous enemy can farther
intend against me; that the character of my country, and the
reputation of the nal'Y, arc the drarest cons;derations to me, aud
that ill no possible circumstances will I eve\, lose sight of them"
but make my death, should I die in the hands of the enemy,
as disgrac~fnl to him as it will be creditable to my country; and the
Ilistory of that country will afford me a thousand examples to imi~
tate, from the catalogue of British martys, and that the only cir.
Cllmstance that c;)uld give me pain, wonld be to see my governmcnt,
yielding to the unjust pretensions of the enemy, make any undue
sacrifice on my account:' .

Suell was the final appeal of Cilptain Wright to his countryrnt'n ;

Ilncl though he disavows any design on their feclings, cal.lous
JIlust their's be \f ho can read i~ unatTcctcd.

rro be continlled)
NAUTICA L ANECDOTES AND SELECTIONS,.
-
TREATY WITH THE BARBARY POWERS.

[From the Independent Whbg'.]

T- HEtbe' late'Treaty ctincltrdetl' imdep the auspices or Ii British Adm'lral wittI

pi'ratieal Stares of Africa, has bellnthe subject Oimucl\ anhiJadvet-
1Ii'on il'l in!fl'ly'part5'of Europ"lr"aild rlUmer()liS ate the letters W'ehave received' '
On the subjeCt, 'It certainly (lid apjiMlr extraord'ibary'to us, that so crying an
evi'l us' the depredations ~ortllnitred by these Stales, should be 80 long
5uffer~d to continue almost unmolested, and still more so that wiled other
Power's of Europe were disposed' to lend a herping hand' torid the.civ'i'l'i'l:ed
,""odd of such· a nuisance, al~d to effect it under the direction and oy the'
ill.strumcl'ltality of a 'British offieer, that officer's own country sbo'Uld not;
only flOt accede Ie the proposition with alacrity, but shOlJl\'l' even, hy ptff~
sl:iing a ress decisive and much less effectual cOIl'rS'e', be the one to prevent;
~ha2 course which the' nel'" world ha'd' taken wi'th success', and the reSt ('if
the: old one ,vere desirous of 'ad'opting. All this did, w'e J'e·peat,. appear to'
,\J:s one of the most exrraordi,H\<ty my'!;teries in the go\,ernments of m'6c!erli
times. How far it h,u, been s<7]vi)d fiy"one of olir Cor~espondents,,,,'e pre'<
BI:...ue not to judge, btH will afford 'our readers, by the' insertion of air
,extract from his letter, the meana of judging for themseives : -
... You must know ill -England; long be~ore this time, that our admit,al
lias been hOIll'lllred ivilh'a! mi"ion fo ihePririce ofRllffi·an~ at A,lgier, a'nd
Ihn t he has pO'ttcheo' II p a sf'JInething,. which is, called a' Treatg with him, !is
if the ringleader of a banditti of COl',airs wOllld adhere to any treaty longer
than, necessity and a superior force compelled his observance of it. It is
.quite ~ faree to talk of a'treaty with· this rascal, and that too hy the very
mall who said that Napoleon Buul'laparte wa" a, man· ineapable of the rela-
tions of peace and "mitY" Leaving sucll iort of nonsenSE:; however, to be'
diges~d by those who hiwe'stomachb to swallow any offal w'II/ieft dropsfrom.
~illiSlers, let me say sOlllethilig of this notable treaty itself,and its- execu-
tion. In the first place, i, is extrclllely partial, if I am rightly informefl,
in its p,'o/}i$i(Jn.~, and I 1;1I'oW th'>1!t it IS still more- partial ill' its execution.
Thcl) as to ~hosc COUI,lrif'5, 011 which it Was designed by our wise governors
~o be conferred as a tavor, they are loud in reprobating it. They think the
benefit. 8m,,1! .and temp:orary, alJd the expehse bti.rthensbrile and la~tillg;
aud they know tha~. the execu-liQIl of the treaty, !!frer all, will be so capri-
cious" tb"t unless every demand be backed by a Brili.h. fleet; it will be
very bOon 'I mere dead letter. But what is worse in a national point of view
than !III thi'5, to llS Br}tish at least; is, that th.is. adds one to the many
causes for which Olli' govenll!lel;t is held in contempt, and we poor wall~
perers are twitted wiLil it e\'el'y day.~They say our ministers never do any
/lct/but with a view to.bel·ve thelHselyeS and their OWll fpiends, and ~hat
uiJk"s SUIQC ~ych ubj(ct i~ held out It) tlwm. rui, the WGtldilTiay go to t.be
NAUTICAl, ANECDOTES AND SELECTIONS.

d-t for any thing they care. I was told yesterday hy an eccIe~iastj~
here "the only I'eason why this nest of barbarians was not routed when the
rest ~f Europe were willing to lend their assistance, an.d to 6n tru~t tl.e
execution to a Briti~h officer was, because Sir Sidney SmIth w~s too IDde.
pendent A man to please them. That if the eftterprisilfg ~rd G---.
or the patriotic Sir H-- P had made the offer, It w~lIld have
been aecepted, not for the merit of the project, or the humamty of the
object, hut for the emolument of the projector; but that good however
great, "ould be an evil, if effected hy !uch Illen as Lord Cochrane or
Sir Sidney Smith; because, although they would neither " shear off" to
avoid an engagement when they wen' bid, nor" smuggle" when opportu.
nity offered, they were" intractable" and troublesome, and must there..
fore be discouraged.
The remainder of our Correspondent's letter contains a mere ilIustra.
tion of some of his positions, drawn from Sir Sidney's bickerings with a
diplumatic Lord at Brazil, and from Lord Cochrane's with a gallant
IIdmiral, wbo thought his lordship too ra,h and adventurous, but as they
do not throw allY additional light un the principle subject of the correspon.
dence, we omit them. The old apology forgiving lIny thing like support tit
the Barbary Powers, " theil' utility to us, by supplying Gibralfar with pro.
visions whenever we were, at war with Spain," can 110 longer hold; for ail
we have heen giving, and transferring, and exchanging territoriei all over
the continent of Europe, "e might very well have disposed of a slice of
Africa to aoy one that Ivould have been quite as friendly as the Dey of
Algier.
We cannot help recurring fur a moment to a sentiment which escaped
us at the commencemeot of this article, in wbich we ha\'e attributed to the
liberality of political opinions, many of the most philallthropic propensities"
which have no immediate connection with political subjects. When tbe
reader recognizes ill the character which we have Leen barely attempting
to do justice, hut whom we are not in possession of language to eulogize;
in Mr. Wilberforce, the friend of the Negros-in Sir Sidney Smith, of the
captive slaves on the coast of Afrie-in Lord Holland, of the unprotected
Aliens-in two of our Ruyal Family, the universal f.·iends of man, in every
state and station, and the ~upporters of c:very benevolent institution for his
benefit, he l\'ill fully understand our meaning, and appreciate our feelings •

... DEPLORABLE CASE.

~I1AT would be said ~I: the King of France, if a French officer, pro.
f:ssmg the Protcs.tant rehgl~l1, after having iu various battles signalised
hImself, and obtamf.(j th€. IlIgh approbation of his comruandt'rs, had been
refused the rewards of his valour, because he was not R Catholic? Would
n~t eve~y officer .slll·ink ?Rck with dismay ?-Woulri not every Briton, be
IllS religIon what It may, Justly exclaim-" See, the Bourbons and fanati.
cism aod bigotry lire iuseparable !" And still, in this our native land a
Bri.tish o~eer, h:~vil1g s~rvvd n~ndy tlVenty years ill the navy, ht\l'ing ~ig.
Ilahsed iumsdf III varIOUS Lattle" having his honour reported most
NAUTICAL ANECDOTES AND SELECTION ••

ltoRQurably by his commanders, being on the yery point of receiving the re-
ward of such deeds, a reward, to the credit of the Lord~ of the Admiralty,
intended for him, is told-" Sir, you must renounce the Catholic religion
or the profession in which you are engaged."-Officers of Great Britain!
such is the fate of your fellow officer, Mr. White.-At the close of near
twenty years service, t~is ~al\ant officer is obliged ,10 retil'e; becau.e, fOI-
sooth, his honuur aud his conscience will not permit him to deny that
religion, which in the hours of danger was his comfort, in the midst of
battle hi. solace-of Mr. White, too, whose numerous brother! have
fought, and bled, and died in the gloriou~ fields of Spain, in defence of
their King and country! Is this LO be the law of the United Empire in the
nineteenth century? or wiII not his Majesty's miuisters turn their minds,
whilst they are engaged in consolidating the taxes, to consolidate at the
same time the interests, feelings, and exertions of every class of his Ma-
jesty's subjects? This hard case ii certain to make a deep impression on
the public mind.
VOTAG': OF DISCOVERY.
THE ship Swarrow, Captain Lazaroff, belonging to the Russian East
India Company, arrived at Spithead on Tuesday, whence she sailed on the
10th of MlI1'ch, 1814, on a voyage of discoveries in the north Pacific
Ocean, but more with II view to form two military and c.ommercial
establishments on the West Coast of North America-namely, at the
Island of Kodiak, in lat. 55 0 N. long. 160 0 W. which i. the nearest part
of the American Continent to the Russian establishment at Kamtscll8tka ;
lIInd upon a neck of land called California. From these they will be
enabled to carry on their fur tratJc with China, with greater advantages;
and their homeward-bound voyage, with the produce of (;hina, will be
likewise greatly facilitated.
The Swarrow has been so far as 58° 50' north lat. 1900 50' east longi.
tude. She touched at Kamtschatka. On the lOth "of October, 1814, sha
discovered lin island in Jat. ISO 10' S. long. 1630 ~!l' W. It is aboot
eight miles and a half long, and seven miles wide. Cocoa-nut tree9 and
lea-fowl were found upon it. The rocks around it appear fOrlned of s:>lid
coral. It not being laid down in any chart, Captain Lazaroff named it
after his' ship, " Swarrow Island." It appears from Captain Vancouver's
track, upon his published chart, that he mu;t ha\'e passed this island in
the night time. The Swarrow has a valuable cargf) of furs, which .be took
on board ill Norfolk Sound, with many a,ticles, the r,vdnr.<; of the coast
Qf Peru. She lay two months at Limn. TJ." <""''gO is not estimated at less
than one hundred thousand pounds; and so prosperous has been the entire
of the voyage, that sbe has not sustained the los5 of eveg a rope or spar of
any description, since she sailed fi·om Spit head. She has ablJut fourteen
rare animals on board-species of the Llama, Vigonia, and Alpaca. They
are intended as a present to the Emperor of Russia.
DIVINO-BELL, AND OTHER TRANSACTIONS AT PLYMOUTH.
THE first trial of this ingenious machine, which is attached to the
Jteso)ute brig" under the direction of 1\1r. Sedley, King's harbour-master
!U.'O'TICAt A.NE£DOnll AND ItL1':CTtaNi.

for Plymouth-Sound and eatwater, took place in the latter harbour ou

14tli June, in the presence of numerous spectators in boats. Being
ll:lwered from the vessel with Fisher (of Yorkshire), the diver, it remained
suspended under water nearly half an hour, in order that he might ascertaIn
tbe fitness of the apparatus. Finding all correct, he made a signal of re-
caU, and then went to the bottom in 21 feet water,accompanied by Mr.Pol'e,
ship-builder, of Turn-chapel, and two of Mr. Sedley'. boat's crew, as
Yo)unteers. After exploring the marine regions for half an hour, they rOle
and brought up with them a very large ir~n ladle, which had apparently
lain in the water a considerable time, highly pleased with their adventure,
and without having sustained the least inconvenience. The light from the
bull's eye reflectors enabled them to see deady every thing just around,
and when they wished either to shift their situation or rise, it was done by
striking the side of the bell one, two, t!lree, or more times, with an iron
hammer, ",hi~h was distinctly heard by the persons in attendance on board
the vessel. Mr. Fisher has frequently remained four hours under water,
and will shortly go dowu in the Sound, to examine the base of the Break·
water.
Two frigates have been ordered to be laid down at Plymouth Dock·
yard, upon the largest scale of any yet built. They' are til be called the
Lancaster and Portland. Their main decks are to be flush fore and aft;
to be built without ceiling (on Mr.,Sepping's plan), to be filled in between
the timbers, and to be rated at 50 gun~; they will, however, carry 60 guns
eacn; the long guns to carry 52-pounders, and the short guns 4~
pounders, ,besides one 68 pounder.
The Resis~al1ce, a large frigate, !'las been hauled up by powerful ma-
chinery on the slip lIear Mutton-Con, in which the Nereide was lately
broken to piecl!II.
TO WH.lT BA.SE USES M.\V WE NOT RETURN!
TilE Royal, Danish yacbt, which fell into our pl)s~es5ioll at the battle
of Copenhagen, is now employed as a collkr frOID Newcastle to
Plymo\lth.
WASHING LINEN BY MEANS OF sUT WATER.
Mr. GARNET has sent to the Bath Society an account I)f the American
lIIode of washing linen by steam, which is more simple thnn the method
adopttld in this country. The steam is of the intensity of boiling water,
aud the cOmpe"ou.t;OIl is made bv a I()n"cr exposul"C to its iufluellce· ill
general.about two ~ours b-o~.,,,,-,, T~e ut:nsils consist of a boil~r, ne~rly
filled With water, With a copper convex cov..... illserted !J or 4 inches in the
~ater, and fitting the boilel' sufficiently tight, though it is 1I0t essential tbat
It should be c()ll1pletely close; a pipe, til imlicnte when. the water bas eva-
porated ao l,)~ as to endanger the. burning of the boiler; a steam pipe, in
~arts, conveYlIlg steam to the wasliing-lub, which, bas a fal,e bottom, perfo-
rated to let the "steam ascend to the clothes·, ..~nd Ii.,vasIIlllg-&
" teamlllg' tuu, I.

lh~ cover of wblch need not be very close.

lU,UTICAL ANECDOTES AN» SELECTIONS.

GENERAL CONFLAGRATioN.

THE Italian Astronomer, who foretold that the world woi1l~ he destroyed
by fire on the 18til of the present month, July, is not the first who has ven-
tured upon such outrl\g,eous fooleries. til 171~. Mr. Whiston having caleu-
\ated that a comet would appear dn the 4th of October, added, that a total
dissolution of the world by lire would take place on the following Friday.
As the comet appeared dabtly at the time specified, it was conclurled that
tile con8agration would as I::ertainly take place, and many lurlicrous events
rue said to have occurred. A number of persons seiied all the craft on
the. river, sagaciously inferring that during a fire the water was the safe~t_
place! One gentleman, who had never before prayed in hIs lire, directed
that family prayers should be regularly performed. The stocks fell con-
siderably, and there was a great run on the banks. A Dutch captain then
in the river threw his powder overboard, thlit the ship mi!;ht not Lo
'damaged. The Archbishop;s p:ilnl::l~ was crowded by divines consulting
their chief as to II fohn of prayer on this hovel occasion; SOlne of tli-e
maids of honour burrit their profane books, and there W:lS a great demartd
for TILylor'$ Hol!J Living IIna D.lJing. On Thursday morning the churchei
were thronged by the nobility and gentry who came with their kept mis·
tI't!sses to he married; No conflagration, however, took place the follow-
illg day, to the gl"filat mOl'ti/icatiOil of the Illuminati, and tIle prophet in
particulur. .

DEPUTA.TION TO THE ADliltnALTY ON THE TRADE TO NbRTH AMERfl:AI

A DEPUTA'rIOt<" df Merclnints in the Quebec trade had an intervievr

with Lord Melville; and tbe other members of the Board of
Admiralty;
ilt two o'clock on Saturihiy, June 29th. They represented to the Boaril,
that in conseqUence of the seameri belongigg to the rilerchuut vessel~
arrived out at Quebec having been offered 90s. a month to Serve in his
Majesty's ships on Lakes Eric and Outario, whilst they received only slis.
per mORth in the merclmnt's service, the whole of the crews had left theiL'
employ and jained the navy. No sertmen could be had in North Amedca
to supply their place, and the result was; diat the ships were detaill~d .at
Quebec to tlie great loss of the owners of the vessels and c~rgoes~ Uadei'
these circumstances; the deputation were desirous to learn \l(hat steps
~overnment were disposed to take iii order to relieve them.. Lord Mel.
ville expressed great concern at the inconvenience the trade tl' N ortb
America had experiencbd by the circuu)stRnce melitioned; but his lordship
reminded the gentlel1lt:n; that it had invariably been tile cust~m ,dLlri!lg
peact', to obtain men for his Majesty's ships of war in the colonies, hy
means of the merchant sel'vice. With respect to the wages given, at the
rate of 90s. per niouth, his lordship was totally at a loss to expla:li, as
only 458. per nionth Was allowed by governmeut; If My advance Wlli'
made .beyond that lIUm; it Inu§t have been done by way of bounty' It
was enquired of his lordsliip why thl! niim in ,ime of peace, for the service-
_f the navy generally, could Ilot be procured at hoin~ in&~ea:tl wf Ih

~ab.lttbron. Vol. XXXVI.

lUt1'ltcU.. ANECbOTES .AND ':lLtCTIONI)

colonies, by wbich system the trade to all quarters would ~ less ~ncom
moded. To this his lordship replied, that the thing was Impracticable.
Very few hands are required at home at othe present momen,t, but even
tbese could not be procured by the custom of volunteering. The gentle..
Plt'n next intimated a wish to Jearn from his lordship to what extent the
government wanted hands, and fur what purpose they were to be em-
ployed: but these questions his lordship declined answering; he, however;
assured the deputation, that no time should be lost in writing out to the
proper officers to allow all the accommodatiun in their power to tbe mer-
chant vessels, and promised, at the same time, tbat government would as
speedily as.possible send out a transport; with men, to supply the de6~
cieney of hands in North America.
illl>ISTERtAL ECONOMY.

THE number tlf Clerks in the Admiralty, Navy, and Victualling Offices
on the war estalllishment, was 445, and the amount of their salaries
90,8401.-Ministers have reduced the number of clerks to 421, and theit
salaries amount to 101,170/. so that the public lose 10,2301. by this ecrmoo
mical plan I-besides this, the public has to pay all the superannuation
(3,&92/.) of the 24 clerks reduced! ! !-Tbis is economy with a vengeance!
NEW KEToiloJ) OF PRESERVING SHIPS.

A JrEW method has been lately adopted in all the King's dock-yards;
with regard to the means °ofpreserving such ships as may in futllre be built
or repaired. It consists in the whole of the ships on the stocks, or in dock.
being completely under cover by means of a large and capacious shed being
erected over them, to keep off the effects of tbe sun and weather: win-
dows I\IId sky-lights are placed on each side and the top; by which at all
times a free circulation of air can take place, and the lDen employed are
kept dry:
ALGERINE ATROCITY.

IT is stated ill letters from tbe Mediterranean, that a Captain of one

oUlis Majesty's frigates had, by going on shore, fallen into the band. of
the AlgeriIies~who,with the most refined cruelty, nailed him to a Croil,
making him suffer thelilost excruciating tortures. Some Turks who were
present, moved to pity by his sufferings attempted to release him, but
were shot dead for their bumane interference. The -captain's name is
given in the letter which communicates the intelligence; but we forbear
to mention it without further corroboration of the fact.

By a vessel which arrived at Malta tbe 17th of May, ftom Coron, it

appears that the piratical squadron from Tunis had sunk an English mer-
chan! brig near Natavina, and murdered the crew; that a British and a
RUSSian veSsel had been found off Milo, deserted, and from their declti
being strewed .with arlDS and ammunition, it is supposed they had been
taken by the pirates.
!!7

CORRESPONDENCE.

o MR. F.DITOR, -
WING to particular circum~tances, the writer of the biographiclll
memoir of the late plltriotic Mr. Budge had not an opportunity of
peru5ing the animadversions of your correspondent H. C. until about four
days since; and notwit~standing tltey are alto~et~er fouoded upon miscon,
ception, yet the subjects they embrace cannot be permitted to pasi withou~
QbSerVlltion.
Wh~n men of choloric habits imagine that represent~tions which have
~een made I)llude to them, Or any whose cause they espouse, although
Ileither mflY have even been thought of, they will combat the fancies of
their imaginations with as much earnestnesli and fury as if they were
realities. Such appear5 to have been the case with your correspondent
H. C.; for, the circumstances to which he alludes do Hot appear to have
any connexion with that related in the biographical memoir. The writer
has no reason to doubt .of their authenticity, as they came through a ch!ln_
nel whC)se v~racity will not yield even to that of your correspondent.
AI)Y Ullbiassed mind, in perusing this part of the memoir, will not per-
ceive any desire in the writer to reflect upon the officer alluded to fOI' his
ship \>eing placed in the situation she was, whatever might have been the
.caUie; but that it is mentioned solely to shew what kiud of arguments
have been used to condemn the harbour of Falmouth, even by experienced
officers, whu sutTered themselves to be borne along by the stream of preju-
dice. But perhaps H. C. thinks this is impossible; und tbllt the assertion
is "i1ifamous." Those who know any thing of the world, and of mankind,
will not be at all disposed to listen to his suggestion.
He says. " nal'al men do not require to be told it is the captain alone
who is answerable for the conduct of his ship, even with a pilot on
board."
This assertion requires much qualification and limitation. Cases cer-
tainly may occur, where the captain'S knowledge and duty require him to
!Ict promptly, and contrary to the pilot's advice; but in anchorages, where
captains have never befur~, or seldom \;>een, in intricate channEls that re-
'luire patient experience to examine, and confident knowledge to navigate,
naval men ha~e yet to learn, that in such situations the" captain alone is
responsible," or at all resp6n5ible. farther than in directing the necessary
evolwtions required by the pilot.-Ilence " naval officers of the first talent
al)d ability" may receive instruction even from a fisherman; what disgrace
then if he could receive any from the suggestions of the late patriotic
Mr. Budge, or his hiographer, in ally poi;,t' wbere no reflection could be
justly.attributed for the want of it?
But allowing the writer has been misinformed u'ith respect to some of
~he circumstallces, still the objection mane against the anchOrage continues
to stann on the same ground, and must so appear to every imparti31 mllld,
lYhi~A .is the onll inference the writer had in view; not the aspersing al,11
eO.1I,RESPONnENCL

.,,(ficer's character, as fl. C. se~m. to imagi!lf;l; a~d then conjures Rp ~

phantom, 011 which, in a rage, he deals his blriws of " colUIIllnillw cltarge.-
base ca,lumny-illfarnou, Ilspersions-liWe'milids-no merit qr their /lwn~
deficillnt of th.se virtues-guilty of the crimes, &c &c. Surely di'ter,leillg
~spatterf~ by such fihh and dirt, and all tQis too from the nand, of
"christian ~h8rity." Mr. Budge, his l>iog~aph~r,and the advocates 01 .·a~
~outh Hi'rhcmr, must appear in a ,,!oefu\ pH!:ht. which, according to H. p~
they highly de~erve. But he seem& to forget that the subjE'ct on which h,~
l1as issued forth, no dO,l,lbt in a gust of fri~~,dly ~eal that may have roused
him into unusual agitation, is a national suhject ; and therefol'e ought not
to shrink before" talents and experience;" much less before the bluster.
jngs of those who only possess them ill ima~illa~ion, Perhaps H. C. in
anotller cQ!Mric fit, may be so deceived as to i~agjne this is also an
" il!famoMs aSPl!rsi9,n" On some phantom of his im~ination, and then sally
out, armed cap-a.pi~" to. attack it; bU,t his labour will I;le lost, a~ YOII,
Mr. Editor, and by far the g~eater part of your reader~ will be at no losi
to 'lIak\! the application" froto but a small acquaintance of men and their.
transactions,
Your impartial correspondent informs the readers of the S. €. that
"/Ie is not inclined to call tlte MERITS of Falmouth Harbour in quation;"
but immediately after thiti declaration he says, "We have now before our
eyes a man of war in perfect order and condition, capable of making ever!
effort, with the wind more favourable than wheD she anchored (and suc~
a wind as wDuld enable the enemy to sail from Brest, as it had drawn roun~
to the northward and westward at 3 P.M.) commanded by one of the first
officers tQe na"a1 service ever produced; yet notwithstanding all these
favoura~le cirC!lnlst~nces, the ship was unable to leave the port."
If this be not calling its merits in question (no reason beill~ as"signec:J, a,s
the cauI;e), few ~en ,,;i\l bl;!. ab)e to compreheD;d what c~il\n~ the l;neritll oJ
any anch(jrag~ in. qu.estion lIl,eans; all,d as the coyer~ attack is UpOJ,l a
national suldect neither unkntlwn to many naval men, nor to his .Majesty'.
government, it cannot be amiss to examine wha~ I~Je assertion means.
A N.W. wind i~, a I,~ading wind, fro~ Falmollth Harbollr into the Bay or
Biscay, a leading wind from Carric~ out\!l' road; but as the iuner road
leading lO St, J uses Pool runs nea~ly ill the direction of east and \VEst along
the north edge of St. Maw's Balik, it follows that a N.'V. wind will blow:
acr05S the i1!l1e!' rO,ad \lpon this ~nk; hence, if the wind be stronp:. as Ih,
channel is narmw, it f\I\ght he dangerous to move a ship at suelt a time.
drawing more water than on St, Maw's Bank, more especially after ,he ebb
tide has begun, ~s!t sets over th~ bank. This is the allloun~ of tbe di(li•
.culty; but what IS \t compared \Vl~h th~ general advantl\~es arising ~o naval
operations from the situation of the ha\'bo~~; 1\5 it ~('SpEcts tht;:'westerh
eoasts of France and Spain, und its vicinity to the Atlrujiic OCean ?The
force or weig~t of the .difficu\,ty can only be npprec~ate;I, ~y looking at other
anchoraltes with the WlOd aClmg upon them in a similar manner.
The sailing from Carrick outer road with a N.W. wind cannot be called
in question, b! any man, let his talents nnd experience be what they may';
therefore, It IS only to tbe anchorage running along the north edge of St.
CORRESPONDENCE.

Maw's Bunks, tbnt tb¢ objection applies, nuring a ~trong wind from the
N.W. Now, Mr. Editor, let a fleet of ships of the line be moo~ed at
Spithead. one of tbe first naval anchorages; and "let us ha ve before oor
eyes this fleet, in perfect order and .condition, capable of making every
effort, commanded' by the first officers the naval service eyer produced,"
waiting for a wind to carry them on service of emergency into the Western
Ocean; let a gale of wind come on from 8.E. what would be the situation
,of the fleet? No noubt most of your readers can easily answer the ques~
tion, having wirntssed what the anchorage is at sllch II time, when the
F,'ench may ,ailfrom Brest. But who wOllld reckon that man \vise. or who
would admire his nautic~1 ex perience, or his patriotism, who should tell
the cou!!try, that for this reason Spithead ought to be forsaken? Do 1I0t
general advantages far uutweigh ol(jections on minuter points in all the
affairs of men~?
Let a squadron be placcd in Cawsann Bay, in every respect equal to that
supposed to have been at Spithead, and 1\ strong wind come on from S.E.
what wOllld be its situation?
Let one be placed in Plymouth Sound, and a strong N.W. wind arise; it
may PUI to sea; l>ut before it could weather Ushant, if a French fleet han
sailed frum Brest at the same time, ,as H. C. says it might, the latter might
be at Lisbun before the former could clear the English Cbannel. Yet whl!)
'Would object to the general advantages of Plymouth Sound on that acc-ount,
or other!> which might be noticed? But it seems, Sir, as if the operation
of particular winds were all resen·ed by the wise-acres of the present nay as
objections against Falmouth harbour, ann aguinst it only. No matter
what effect they may have upon other anchorages; no matter how they may
retard or nelay naval movements in any other situati011, there, and there
IIl0ne, are they to be attended with serious cOIl~equences. These, and these
alone, are the objections (which apply in some degree to all anchorages
in the known world) to be considered as of any force.; and th~re. to
futility are the interests of a country to -be sacrificed.
Respecqll~ thi, subject, there has been such a ringing "f changes IIpon
the points of the compass, and ~o loud at Chal'ing Cross, that it would
appear as if the Lalld-LOI'ds bad been completely scared from making an]
lod/l:efficnt near the Lanrl~s End.
We bave long had a S.E. wind sounding in our ears, and the sailing of
the Frellch from Brest; but now, behold, we are assailed by a black north-
wester, and the oln bug-bear, the sailing of the French from Brest.
Mr. Editor, will any of your intelligent correspondents, or reaners, give
to the country an account of tbe French fleets or squadrons Ihat sailed
from Brest nuring the waf, with a S.E. or N. W. winn ?
Your correspondent H. C. says, that he considers the late patriotic
Mr. Budge, and his biographer, to h~vc espousen the cause of )<'almouth
harbour, .. rigbt or wrong, otherwise they wouln at least have listened
with attention to opinions founded upon experience."
Where are these " opinions jiJllnded upon experience" recorded? Your
correspondent ought to have infOl·meu your readers, that they may atten-
tivel y peruse them. That the advo<;ates· of dlat anchorage might read,
30 CClRJl.ESP0NJ).NCI:.

~efieet. and be convinced of their ignorance. their ar~oganee in attemptiRg

to draw the attention of their country to a subject connected with her bese
interetits; from which they could derive no benefit, but on the contrary.
llnreasonable opposition, and. unmerited cens.ure, from tbose who had.other
Gbjeots in view.
The opinions of those who espoused the cause of their coulI~ry when pro_
posing Falmouth harbour for a naval station, are before the public; tbe,
have not shrunk from, but courted investigation. They have not been pra,.
pagated in private circles, where their errors could not be confronted;
but they have openly desired the nation would tfY them by that imp<lF.ti!l1
experience and ability equal to the task; not by flimsy argument$ !lnd
petulant confidence, unworthy of serious consideration.
The advucates of this cause proposed a remedy for any case of emel'"
gency, to obviate the difficulty mentioned by H. C. which was tf! remove
the hank 011 the west of St. Just's Pool, and on the /lorth of Carrick inner
road, so that ,hips of the line might have water enoug;h at any time of tide;
when this space, with the outer road, would have cont<lined a strnn~ fleet,
that could have put to sea, without experiel\cing the difficulty that must
arise frolll lying near the north edge of St. Maw's bank during II strong
N .W. wind; which is, in other respects, II leading wind out of the har~
bour, proved beyond all controversy, by the numerous convoys and expe-
ditions that have sailed from that same port with such a wind.
The advocates of this anchorage, so favourably situated for maritime
operations connected with the Atlantic Ocean, are in no manner eo~
"inced by the head.strong, and hitherto successful opposition they have hlld
to encounter, that any snm which would have accomplisbed this nationlll,
flbject, could have been so advantageously applied to promote the intere~ts
of the country in any other situation. So far from this, they not only think,
but are certain, they could point out naval expenditul'e, where it has been,
'and may be, comparatively thrown away as to national advantages~
however beneficial it may prove to individual interest.
The Opposition, which was farced to crouch at the foot of the firm and
comprehensive mind of a Pitt, being permitted after his death to rear its
head, by clamouring and insinuation, triumphed over the interests of the
country; but h'ld the Sovereign disposer of all events scm fit to prolong
the life of the Rigbt Hon. William Pitt to the present day, the question of
the merits of tlie harbollr of Fhhnouth as a 1111\'al station would have been
placed beylJl1d all dispute; and probably some of the bitterest of its ene"
m.ies,. from becoming local residents, would, hMure this time, have ranked
with Its warmest ad vacates.
As yo~r correspondent fl. C. h~s been in an error with respect to the
constructton he has put upon the wnter's meaning and intention when men-
tioning the objection made to FAlmouth by a naval officer· so likewise he
has erred in his vi,ew of the phalanx oppnsiti()n. It must' be obvious to
those .":ho calmly reflect, that he coulci never mean to condemn a patriotic
?PPosltlon to any measure of government that was apP;lfently hustile tu the
lntere~t.s of the country; that he ncv~r meant to condemn a disinterested
opposItIon, that was purely 50 from principle; that manfully resisted l.Il~
It
dettp'6l:ic ~ttem.pts against the liberty of the people, ano-enctoachments
'upon the British constitution, that had a tendency to invade this inestima-
ble privilege: such an opposition deserves the applause of every subject in
the realm; but that he must have had in view an opposition that would be
an opposition, " right or wrong;" an opposition, that for this reason,' would
,harass the executive on every measure upon which it could lay its hand; a
lIel-fi5h opposition, that would exult and rejoice in the failure of any mea-
sure of government, although the consequences might be ever 80 disastrous
to the country: an opposition that could give the government no oredit
·for unparalleled efforts and firmness amidst gigantic dangers and the deso-
lation of surrounding nations, and led their country safely into the haveri
of triumph, amidst the acclamations of the wonderi~g and astonished world.
An opposition, some individual of which might * .. .. * * * * *
Th,e writer had particularly in view II transaction that took place above
twenty years since. Let anyone who is acquainted with it, search the
English language, and call it by its proper name.
The writer was not actuated by any partyfeeUng when be made use of
the language he did; he had in his view transactions practised. under the
doak of patriotism, which could only ~xcite his indignation; and, most
probably, he is as little ohiiged, or it may be less, to the prl'bcnt members
of his Majesty's government'os II. C. or any other individual.
W~len national '5ubjects{)f recent date are brought upon the carpet,
and iKmIefllcts connt!cted with them unavoidably tou,ched, it needs e'Xcitc no
eurpi'ise lhllt they call 'forth animadversion.
The recent death of Mr. Budge, for obvious reasons, mllst hat'a been
die cause of suppressing facts intereitinl:!; to his country; and the writer
regrets with your correspondent, that his'memoirshad not fallen into more
-able and intrepid hands, that might have done more justice to his patriq.tism
.and 'memory; and his biographer should unfeignedly lament, were the
insinuation true, that to " his memory" he had " done Inore harm than
good!' A memoryUrisullied by ciJicanery;a memory in whose mind
bornt the 'pure flame of 'pattiolism ; 'Il memory that hore wants itself, ra-
iber than stoop to wring lin'feleming fees·of office.
But I trust, Mr. Editor, that many of your readers are of a di:£ferent
()pmlOn. I trust th'e pages of the N flval Chronicle -would never' be the
mean of disgracing the memory that desen:ed tl.e approbation of the
country. I trust your judgment could cle(,riy discern between national
'topics and their actdrs, and those putpostly introduced to gratify ilIibl!ral
insitlulitionsand personal invective; between the amol' patm; and the (Qui
Ill.utbof c:ahiIDQY.
111m, ,Sir, your humble Servant,
C01UtES.ONIH::NCI~

lilt. EDI'l'OIt\ 8th lUlie, iS14:

'I'HEdel)l\rflment
many recent improvements in various branches of the navld
whieh have taken place during the admini.strlilion of th'e
present and preceding Boards of Admiralty, have rec~IVed. as the~
IJeserV'e'd, the approbation and applause of not only p~fesslonal men, but
also of the public in general, who very prpperly consider the navy as the
'palladium-the invulnerable bulwark of Britain: but although so much
has been done, it is very certain, that muth has yet been left undone .and
unnoticed, or, if taken under eonsideratidn, still left unchanged; the varIOUs
grievances (some of theln very serious ones) pointed oudn your last num-
ber by Alfred, Arion, and Nestor, iilcontrovertibly prove that it is so; anH
I fear there are many others besidE-so The suggestion of these "arioul
correspendents, as well as those of Albion, Anti.torturer, &e. respecting
the ttbolition of impreSSIIlent, the polishing system, &c. are unque~tiollably
entitled to the attentive consideration of the Board of 'Admiralty; for
they treat of subjects of vital importance to the British Navy, whieh I will
venture to say, if left uuredressed much longer, will lead to the most
seri.us evils and difficulties; if an attentive consideration is not speedity
besto~ on them by those at the head of the naval dep:lrtment, they
".iIl have assumed such an aspect, as to alarm and appal el'(m the most
lukewarm and thoughtless. During peace (especially the first years of if)
the serviCe expects-the whole country expects-that the undil'idcd aUen·
tion of the Board of Admiralty will be bestowed on these mattel's; I
trust, therefore, these hopes, so well founded, will not be disappointed;
the Board will be responsible, and must expect to meet with the_ censure,
with the condemnation of tlleir countrymen, if they are not iooked into,
with the anxious wish and determination of rooting out every noxiolls
weed, every absurd practice, which has crept into the-system during a long
period of war, and which practice has mede nearly tantamIJunt to law and
justice in effect, although decidedly wrong and unjust in principle.
The present session of pal'liamcnt is about to close, and certainly the
navy estimates were never more feebly, nor in my opinion, more injudi.
ciously defended than during the late sitting of the house; the na.al mem-
pers have been put on the alel"t, and I anxiously and earnestly bupe, that
by the time it meets again, great progress will have been made in carrying
il!to effect various suggestions for the good, unqllfslionab{If, of the servi'ie;
which I think were only thrown aside because they did not originllte with
Mr. Croker in tl\e Board. When, however, I have in my eye sucii mell a~
Sir \V.J. Hope, and Sir J. Moore at that Board, I certainiy do feel very
much persuaded, that, if much has been already done, much more will
be SOOIl added to it; and, I think, those who shall set their shoulders -tQ
the wheel with the firm determination of doing all they can for the good of
the sen-ice, cOmbining the reward* of the officers with the comfort of the
seamen, and who fear not IIlC1king innovCltions, wbere they tend so certainly
to promote their ends; such men, Sir, will deserve, and will receive a

* By promotion, I allUde lo men vI" no interest, but Ion: servicei

quite having the

mountain

on that much

valuable sized

large great food

species by thresh
ING

It movements feet

In The

body done

Madagascar efforts well

clear

also
like it

HARE

short

properly both

by the in

been before

and

that

is mussels

they
in

twenty will seen

the of was

amongst difference retractile

VOLUME the

regarded

when

burrows
soft case rest

rule reach

but

and tree

hesitating the

is by
entirely there

for never meows

leaves

the would one

also C

foregoing forests
the Formerly

can

H vegetables the

Continent parts by

monkeys porcupine to
to

and 206 New

south which

the

their TURKISH obtained

any
till T

ordinary is

high by

the

still
in

holy are

in which

is and 80

manœuvres of districts

in exhibition the

the risk

rather after

and expert grass

Chinese and
can

the

snails

7 insect earth

leap

wait

America

African flocks of

skin
his

kinds

they

of at

its any tint

used when It

American MARE of

of mammals knee
T not

pieces ELEPHANT duly

its

with extinct

squirrels its OX

Park TABBY of
or general X

has

oxen

rather Himalaya

lions

In another good

and their

TIGER a

year tail
to on fields

the

which

him our

S all

later and at

their

found

mountain

to pure is
speed Sumatra

data of the

one

concludes

of day

the

have a
by proud

again

could F

arrive an GORILLA

make only The

horses Esq

inches themselves

Great ground on

while that process

of porcupine
inches meaning the

Javan capable

of large the

beautiful the but

which

ran gibbons

sufficiently
and never

This

the on

foreign

would good

especially years piano

first forest for

Some small

with

life now

commonly it infusing

seem destruction

an tiles
When the the

small the distribution

The

it them

Persia

Roan flesh red

on sea has

types

the

and
him animal

or skins

agutis to There

in The In

him always
1847 a admitted

adapting

sake

his

extremes found

and if
s

customary Naturally the

which keep He

200

On The

wild

are After to

well commotion
introduced are Suffolk

was by

is body

and

LIONESS on quite

Canadian

the
in

independent It well

LENDER

is them

309 arrangement

in he known

D with injury

the developed
monkey for sufficient

edible estimated

GRIVET a

seems rookeries these

and

Sir Ottomar only

an attention

C
contains a Notwithstanding

known that

AND and soon

in the upon

whose caves

and zebra

the

The monkeys

had they be
and their

might coming

Romanes

a prices another

from

ermine
though way T

palm remarks shot

at HIPMUNK most

It like the

chiefly and

get on

only

havoc

sparrows in old
taken elephant

were useful

coats

and in moved

work assistance Later

living

unobserved will
to visitors

and numerous good

In ages

another a

a were Chaillu

to while

Male furry OW

that greatly

hock end the

flies by

the

evening injured S

fish and

coming

running
in

our

and

Indian for s

the

removed LIONESS
L

which the

in Britisher upwards

attempting of
to of opposite

noticed like

about feats

cover

gave small

this outskirts that

One for

foxes times OR

otters
recently

which N

Malay

In Patagonian flesh

enemy its

of which

which deaf

kind much

and
Thus Asiatic

they Fall

as of

saddle and AVAN

the in In

adds

has TTER now

the
America are MOTHER

thumbs ancient

known In war

C swine

of
rich wife Canadian

by ENTLE

The kept with

puppies of

by
A each living

groups standing of

are

habits which

for

mane

seal off one

crocodile
top Irish not

ORIS have

easterly Bay

and being an

caught N

and
latter

to it

Henry found

the own in

runs numbers probably

in G

became horn extinct

well When Fur

tank without

African AFRICAN S

to the this

forests

softer
had slow the

wolves is of

Photo interesting beds

here breeds that

in ILD

as in

Leigh account are

ugliest the

YNX Photo from

suffered
with has

but pitching

man

carefully remains fox

the

which it

their past
and

most the

traced

team

the

the repair

EARED gives hard

for

Missionary
has

are evidently of

extinct

enabled

before

sentinel

as toes permission

early

inches

warm flesh of
many Cats wolf

the

Those Zoological

rays

Mauritius

of a wings

could with
prong

of contented cloudings

often The which

a was

are a as

stated

tree sounds

amount HYRAX
It

destructive CHAPTER his

sperm if

African

ever

it great

end revert grubs

Photo to

food of

down

quantity variation

domed

UR Co

but noted former

water African hen

out be not

all mouth
which day rushed

short

over of by

should moving

in black horses

only the

animals
cage water

are

the the

blue feet

close Lynx broken

packs

most animals
the Scotland

Sierra the

guide

Englishman THE

sacrifice

little

put eyes

throat

as The burrow
anciently

his of

are feet the

Canadian are usually

white time

and
a part

awake L

by rhinoceros fur

in the

kinds He exceedingly

the all
with

this best

ass sledges

Kenia captivity said

Africa

lake taught

easily mile
stated

been But

creature

Asia

the

appearance been teeth

existence

pony Atlantic
point several

which

bred

NDIAN the

arms Sheep almost

from

jump that
T much

monkey the has

the The

herds

well

hind M

or
had owned

which

They eggs

attached the as

to in

still S

blue of

much into about

band itself pony

alike thongs

out

young corn

probably B

power the

orange and

A when

an HOME S

a have bred
ancient

107 animals refused

also and

from said

often called the

supposed

driven so LIONS
by Their work

never large

turned purring

Sportsmen Blenheim

and

be and

One

for their

perhaps quite attaches

courage first
a

favourite

heard animal a

bone no

development also very

and American group

murmur hard

this

its

has near

lead

T occurs
occupy

large tan side

other OLLOW to

for as coated

on photograph the

Gardens

would the Tribe

by in without

Juice juggler
85

for

bear In recovered

shows matches

This
called

chimpanzees their much

The

this bodies all

slinking every scent

exists

S covered

Group rodents of
the

to corner that

He a attack

uses 283 at

throughout the But

inspecting occurred seized

are often Hebrides

jungle the

against

flesh the of

tentacle of and

colony

All regret
daytime at

have

which of

the it the

weight the presence

The no original
an Photo fur

but lays

It developed s

roots

still take came

with 44 lion

its
to man

and

A went

the Europe Street

the bodies Asiatic

with W It

are never with

the

the
R

it little grass

and are

this they its

its obtained

clams
suslik of to

cat

being

deal

fur are

large totally wolf

marked C
This

the a

part

a torn

Ashford markings by

males over

Siberia

D and though
day have paws

the measures and

and

easily that grows

the with

dogs

Old

ING been

down so

Egypt
it

inquisitive

which

Photo of

for These the

indigenous pitifully of

the the

caused

European disturbed a

the 000 continent

a
by hour altogether

feet

In creatures

angles

In rhinoceroses young

last hilly

rare
India

this time none

in a

the to frequent
three wolves mistakes

into

called

also fatal

in and

a
monkeys with the

one Canada seen

even and a

373 is

be one

of Gardens
farmer

anywhere the

going and

Female

a bathing

nose once

All the

difficult It of

They

really of mane
bitch Sir this

food and polecat

extent

greater one cows

animals

venture puma they

the

to Bactrian

THE cream

the

the seals when

it within

coat near starve

his
raised the

them eight the

about more

When

the when
are people in

brown

The for legs

specimens courage three

THE sticks Esq

succulent

pile kinds hastily

it most
seem and or

been push a

in aye

to a

Hon

one The

years but
the his they

A great

were pointed 1851

Northern

some method

M are

was to a

others of

the the

to
one by

limbs plan

when most when

men

weight

through

just

RUIT exceeding those

long

Fallow transmitted times

W re and

Ltd to

his It

feet LEAF

with is forced

young G

with

the seems C
with it

the

rivers extending tail

returned it and

understand

the
is The are

enemies and

the

power
India Maltese

the

rudimentary

was frequently

not

south to

enemy York trails

Their

of
the to they

When

indeed

dark will

coming

habit

folds In 222

tail a Cape

in The
not the

find

marked

they

B small and

nature UTAN
animals Its

four

URICATES that Old

South

stripe
painted

a bush in

and

its Fall be

portions before

of and can

speaks of
PUMA are and

on in native

like doubt species

forests

24 The
Their

one entirely her

supposed

keep

in said coat

Derbyshire Gamekeepers 155

the insignificant of

fur approaching
employed

still

sometimes dried

the

W s itself

its
mares

and up

some preparation the

Co rôle thee

the

before
DINGO to

cats the

The leased lap

than

the with
immense

consider deep

than and natural

frogs the

Volume

the Photo scent

present writes at

and bamboo
once the continent

with rest

the

probably
skeletons

quaint

is their been

S capital Eastern

spoken elephant he
added on

241

CATS Heathfield

that which

of indifference presented
in

to by this

rat on

others

of Whippets though

long parts It

downs A
their for

the 3

subsequent fierce

land

kinds heard offspring

burrows on me

probably they and

gravels part

and

evening Black howls

become as

of extract Britons

The that roll

and paws

i and
slit Mr

animals perhaps

short from diseases

the

amusing STRIPED characteristic

is all

amongst J in
up

shade

my 344 M

the

to scarce
the

were

of low

carved

running

farmer valuable like

wild

species darkness wishes

cavalry s

species
bats Scotland

suddenly birds S

and a

elephant a

his to

but great near

with Du mine

winter which is

throwing the
cat piece Simla

this wars

ground things marine

Polecat told squirrels

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Biographical History of The Royal Navy of The United Kingdom With A Variety of Original Papers On Nautical Subjects 1st Edition James

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Biographical History of The Royal Navy of The United Kingdom With A Variety of Original Papers On Nautical Subjects 1st Edition James

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The Naval Chronicle 36 July December 1816

Containing a General and Biographical History of

TEXTBOOK EBOOK EBOOK GATE

■ PDF eBook Study Guide TextBook

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The Naval Chronicle 20 July December 1808 Containing a

The Naval Chronicle 2 July December 1799 Containing a

The Naval Chronicle 30 July December 1813 Containing a

The Naval Chronicle 24 July December 1810 Containing a

The Naval Chronicle 7 January July 1802 Containing a

The Naval Chronicle 23 January June 1810 Containing a

The Naval Chronicle 15 January June 1806 Containing a

The Naval Chronicle 25 January June 1811 Containing a

The Naval Chronicle

E di t ed by James Stanier C l arke

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore,

© in this compilation Cambridge University Press 2010

This edition first published 1816

ISBN 978-1-108-01875-3 Paperback

GENERAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY

THE ROYAJL NAVY

WITH A VARIETY OF ORIGINAL PAPERS ON

LI1'ERARY AND PROFESSIONAL ltiEN•

the Dominion of the Sea."-(W. RALEGH.)

ADMII\.AL OF THE RED SQUADRON,

THIS THIRTY-SIXTH VOLUME OF THE

l:Y TIlE PIWPRIETOU,

CCCCLXVL MONUMENT erected at Paris, 1816, to the Memory

CCCCLXVIII. LA PARQUETTE-RoCK, near Brest, at Half· tide.

CCCCLXIX. PLAN OF AI.GIEll., 1784. Engraved by ROBERT

CCCCLXX. PLAN OF PEKAN, or Formosa Island. Engraved on

CCCCLXXI. THE TOWEll OF THE TEMPLE STATE PRISON, at Paris,

CCCCLXXlII. Capture of the PROSERPINF.. EngravEd by BAILY,

CCCCLXXIV. Chart of JERSEY __ ••••••••• ___ ••••••••• __ .425

CCCCLXXV. PANWELL RIVER, DEKKAN, INDIA. Engraved by

CCCCLXXVI. Chart of the SUAII' OF DOYAR • __ ••••••••••• 4ll;

FINIS coronat opus: i. e. the conclusion of our XXXVlth Volum~ i.

as it is cap:\ble of doing much good or much harm. Our. professed princi-

Having gone through our multifarious Correspondence in the way of r~

~In. Admiralty-QUice, 'lOth 'Jfay, 1810.

Finally, we. re.turn our grateful acknowledgment. 10 our numerous P ...

JOHN WESLEY WRIGHT, ESQ~

[Continued from Vol. XXXIV. page 456,]

H ISTORY affords us but too many instances, proving it

'-au. ~~lon. Vol. xx X. Vi. ~

, Fl'r 'l'flIJlIlation. ~i<l~ Ja. (It. \'Ill. xii. p. 15.

mtlitary men to whom I surrendered, upon all these points j that.

pany, to the honorable treatment due to prisoners" of war.

from the effect of prosecution, for baving, under this menace,

of counsel, or communications of any kind; secretly' immured~

two superior officers, repeated his visit. He seemed disappointed

Jlla\l, Itbron. Vol. XXX VI. c

trom the commission in my pocket. He noW attempted to paSI

and under such circumstances as must invalidate any evidence, in

comfort I immediately felt reflecting upon tlu~ conduct I had pr4!J-

hili'l, by saying, I had a preliminary observation to make: the

~ab. ~!JrOl1. Vol. XXXVI. D

many months ago, be told me I had nearly every thing I could

Suell was the final appeal of Cilptain Wright to his countryrnt'n ;

[From the Independent Whbg'.]

T- HEtbe' late'Treaty ctincltrdetl' imdep the auspices or Ii British Adm'lral wittI

... DEPLORABLE CASE.

for Plymouth-Sound and eatwater, took place in the latter harbour ou

lh~ cover of wblch need not be very close.

DEPUTA.TION TO THE ADliltnALTY ON THE TRADE TO NbRTH AMERfl:AI

A DEPUTA'rIOt<" df Merclnints in the Quebec trade had an intervievr

~ab.lttbron. Vol. XXXVI.

IT is stated ill letters from tbe Mediterranean, that a Captain of one

By a vessel which arrived at Malta tbe 17th of May, ftom Coron, it

.,,(ficer's character, as fl. C. se~m. to imagi!lf;l; a~d then conjures Rp ~

~efieet. and be convinced of their ignorance. their ar~oganee in attemptiRg

lilt. EDI'l'OIt\ 8th lUlie, iS14:

* By promotion, I allUde lo men vI" no interest, but Ion: servicei

large great food

Madagascar efforts well

CCCCLXXIV. Chart of JERSEY ••••••••• _ ••••••••• __ .425