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Collection Highlights

Battered Women and Their Families Albert R. Roberts

Healthcare Research A Handbook for Students and

Practitioners 1st Edition Paula Roberts

Handbook of Pediatric Psychology 3rd Edition Michael C.

Roberts (Editor)

Adolescent Suicide Assessment And Intervention 2nd Edition

Alan L. Berman
Relational Processes and DSM V Neuroscience Assessment
Prevention and Treatment 1st Edition Steven R. H. Beach

Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

Blackwell Handbooks of Research Methods in Psychology 1st
Edition Michael Roberts

Pedophilia and Sexual Offending Against Children Theory

Assessment and Intervention 1st Edition Seto

The Clinical Assessment of Children and Adolescents A

Practitioner s Handbook Steven R. Smith

Couples in Treatment Techniques and Approaches for

Effective Practice 3rd Edition Gerald R. Weeks
Crisis Intervention Handbook Assessment Treatment and
Research 3rd Edition Albert R. Roberts Digital Instant
Download
Author(s): Albert R. Roberts
ISBN(s): 9780195179910, 0195179919
Edition: 3
File Details: PDF, 9.20 MB
Year: 2005
Language: english
Crisis Intervention Handbook:
Assessment, Treatment
and Research,
Third Edition

Albert R. Roberts, Ph.D.,

Editor

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

CRISIS INTERVENTION HANDBOOK

Third Edition
This page intentionally left blank
CRISIS INTERVENTION HANDBOOK
Assessment, Treatment, and Research
THIRD EDITION

Edited by
Albert R. Roberts, Ph.D.

1
2005
3
Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further
Oxford University’s objective of excellence
in research, scholarship, and education.

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With offices in
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Copyright  2000, 2005 Oxford University Press

Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.,
198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016
www.oup.com
Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Crisis intervention handbook : assessment, treatment,
and research / edited by Albert R. Roberts. — 3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13 978-0-19-517991-0
ISBN 0-19-517991-9
1. Crisis intervention (Mental health services)—Handbooks, manuals, etc.
2. Community mental health services—Handbooks, manuals, etc.
I. Roberts, Albert R.
RC480.6.C744 2005
362.2′2—dc22 2005010137

Chapters 4, 6, 7, 11, 13, and 14 are reproduced from the journal Brief Treatment and Crisis
Intervention by permission of Oxford University Press.

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
 Acknowledgments

I want to express my sincere gratitude to the authors who contributed their

expertise and original chapters to this book. I am also appreciative of the
anonymous reviewers’ important insights and technical suggestions.
Grateful acknowledgment goes to my exceptional editor, Joan Bossert (Edi-
torial Director, Academic Books at Oxford University Press) for her deep com-
mitment to this third edition and her editorial wisdom and care for detail.
This book also owes a debt to the late Lilian Schein, longtime director of the
Behavioral Science and Nursing Book Clubs. Ms. Schein helped me plan the
first edition and taught me to appreciate interdisciplinary clinical practice.
My wife Beverly deserves special thanks and appreciation for thoroughly
editing and proofreading several chapters and co-authoring chapter 19.
Most important, Beverly’s patience with me for the lost weekends and for
the overflowing numbers of books, files, and papers in several rooms of our
house went way beyond the call of duty of a marital partner. I am delighted
and appreciative of the excellent illustrations drawn by my sister-in-law,
Carole S. Roberts.

I dedicate this book to my late parents, Evelyn and Harry Roberts, who
gave me unconditional love, emotional strength, and encouragement. They
instilled within me a deep conviction to pursue knowledge, overcome adver-
sity, and thrive to set realistic short-term and long-term goals; to aid and
support vulnerable groups; and to persevere in all my occupational and fam-
ily endeavors. I am forever devoted and appreciative of everything they did
for me and my brother during our childhood and adolescence.
vi Acknowledgments

Both of them demonstrated superior inner strength after being diagnosed

with cancer. At a time when women had only a 10% chance of a two- to
five-year survival from breast cancer and mastectomy, my mother lived six-
teen years. During his two years with the intense pain of prostrate cancer,
my father rarely complained and bravely persevered. Their quiet fighting
spirit, courage, and resilience serve to make them role models for all persons
in medical and psychological crisis.
I also dedicate this book to Dr. Viktor Frankl, psychiatrist, author of Man’s
Search for Meaning, and founder of logotherapy. When I was a young adult,
his book helped me cope, survive, and master depression in the aftermath of
my parents’ deaths. His work continues to sustain and motivate many others.

NATIONAL INTERNET RESOURCES AND

24-HOUR CRISIS INTERVENTION HOTLINES

The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is a 24-hour, toll-free suicide pre-

vention hotline. Persons in crisis can call 1-800-273-8255 and be connected
to one of the 115 crisis centers in the NSPI Network located in the city
and state nearest to the caller’s location. The national hotline network is
administered through the Mental Health Association of New York City and
is funded by Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s
Center for Mental Health Services of the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services.
The National Disaster Technical Assistance Center of the Substance
Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) in Bethesda,
Maryland, provides resources and expertise to assist states, territories, and
local communities that are preparing for or responding to the mental health
needs of natural and man-made community disasters. Website: http://www.
mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/dtac or phone: 1-800-308-3515.
The International Crisis Intervention Network was developed in 2001
and its overriding goal is to provide the latest information on evidence-based
crisis intervention protocols, disaster mental health protocols, trauma treatment
models, suicide prevention center directories, and domestic violence interven-
tion resources as well as the latest books and peer-reviewed journal article ab-
stracts on crisis intervention. Website: http://www.crisisinterventionnetwork.
com
The National Domestic Violence Toll-Free Hotline provides crisis tele-
phone counseling and referral to a network of emergency shelters and sup-
port groups for survivors of intimate partner violence. In addition to the
hotline, the website contains information on teen and dating violence, do-
mestic violence in the workplace, information for victims and survivors of
domestic violence, and information for abusers. Website: http://www.ndvh.
org or phone: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233).
 Foreword

Unlike the usual stresses and conflicts that are a part of everyday life at
home and at work, acute crisis episodes frequently overwhelm our tradi-
tional coping skills and result in dysfunctional behavior, “going to pieces,”
intense fears, and a highly anxious state, also known as a state of dis-
equilibrium. This handbook focuses on acute crisis episodes and psychiatric
emergencies and the step-by-step crisis intervention strategies used by crisis
counselors. Each chapter focuses on a different major crisis-precipitating
event, such as turbulent divorces, adolescent suicides, airplane crashes and
fatalities of family members, date rape on the college campus, shootings in
the public schools, battering of women and their children, polydrug abuse,
HIV-positive women, patients in intensive care units, and survivors of com-
munity disasters and mass terrorist attacks. This book includes many illumi-
nating case studies that illustrate how best to intervene in the aftermath of
a crisis episode or traumatic event.
The acute and situational crises experienced by millions of individuals and
families has been escalating in intensity and frequency. Crisis intervention
programs and strategies can limit the debilitating impact of acute crisis epi-
sodes as they maximize opportunities for crisis stabilization and resolution.
It is a remarkable thing when crisis clinicians, counselors, and researchers
from different disciplines collaborate on a major mental health and public
health problem. Some practitioners have been concerned about psychiatric
disorders, others about life-threatening illnesses, and some others about de-
velopmental crises. But, all mental health practitioners and graduate students
viii Foreword

have an overriding concern about the impact of community-wide disasters,

especially mass terrorist attacks and how to rapidly assess and provide crisis
intervention services. What sets this pathfinding and seminal book apart
from others on crisis intervention is both the systematic application of Rob-
erts’s 7-Stage Crisis Intervention Protocol, the introduction of the Assess-
ment, Crisis Intervention, and Trauma (ACT) Treatment Model, and the
copious use of compelling and thought-provoking case illustrations on 60
different types of the most prevalent acute crisis episodes in society today.
Disaster mental health teams have proliferated in these important few years
since the September 11 terrorist bombings of the World Trade Center and
the Pentagon. Many of the 15 brand new chapters seize on the opportunity
to empower, support, and build on the inner strengths of millions of individ-
uals by describing the process and therapeutic techniques of evidence-based
crisis intervention. This is the most practical time-limited treatment book I
have read in the past 10 years. It is timely, focused, straightforward, compre-
hensive, empowering, highly readable, and extremely valuable.
Dr. Roberts has always been an innovator and clinical research professor
in the forefront of futuristic treatment planning. In 1999, Professor Roberts
completed his six-level continuum on the duration and severity of domestic
violence based on 501 cases. Now at the end of 2004, Professor Roberts has
updated and expanded the second edition of his authoritative handbook. The
Crisis Intervention Handbook is a masterful sourcebook of practical signifi-
cance, bridging crisis theory and assessment to evidence-based practice. This
book provides well-written, detailed, up-to-date, thorough, and practical best
practices. I predict that this authoritative volume will become the classic defini-
tive work on crisis intervention for the important years ahead.
As editor of this volume, Dr. Roberts has selected as the chapter authors
an outstanding cast of 50 internationally recognized experts in the rapid
assessment and treatment of crisis episodes. Each chapter provides the reader
with a comprehensive and practical application of Roberts’s seven-stage cri-
sis intervention model to the key components of acute and situational crises.
This third edition of 32 specially designed chapters includes 14 brand new
chapters and 18 thoroughly revised chapters. This is the first handbook on
crisis intervention to incorporate into each chapter a section on resilience,
protective factors, and the strengths perspective. Also, 15 of the chapters
each apply two or more case studies to the seven stages in Roberts’ Crisis
Intervention Model.
This all-inclusive resource provides everything mental health clinicians,
crisis counselors, healthcare specialists, crisis intervenors, and trained volun-
teers need to know about crisis intervention. This book is a stunning achieve-
ment and landmark work.

Ann Wolbert Burgess, RN, CS, D.N.Sc., FAAN., DACFE

Professor of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing
School of Nursing, Boston College
 Contents

Foreword vii
Ann Wolbert Burgess

Contributors xiii

Introduction xix

Part I: Overview

1 Bridging the Past and Present to the Future of Crisis Intervention

and Crisis Management 3
Albert R. Roberts

2 Lethality Assessment and Crisis Intervention with Persons

Presenting with Suicidal Ideation 35
Albert R. Roberts and Kenneth R. Yeager

3 How to Work With Clients’ Strengths in Crisis Intervention:

A Solution-Focused Approach 64
Gilbert J. Greene, Mo-Yee Lee, Rhonda Trask, and Judy Rheinscheld
Other documents randomly have
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 Physical Education - Answer Key
First 2025 - University

Prepared by: Assistant Prof. Brown

Date: July 28, 2025

Summary 1: Interdisciplinary approaches

Learning Objective 1: Current trends and future directions
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 2: Historical development and evolution
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 3: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 3: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 4: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 4: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 5: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 5: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 7: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 8: Study tips and learning strategies
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 9: Research findings and conclusions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Exercise 2: Comparative analysis and synthesis
Definition: Research findings and conclusions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 12: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Experimental procedures and results
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 13: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Current trends and future directions
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Literature review and discussion
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 17: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 17: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 18: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 20: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Abstract 3: Assessment criteria and rubrics
Note: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 21: Experimental procedures and results
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Case studies and real-world applications
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 24: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 26: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Key terms and definitions
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 28: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 29: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Introduction 4: Critical analysis and evaluation
Example 30: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 31: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 32: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 33: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Practical applications and examples
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 37: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Current trends and future directions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 38: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 38: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Practical applications and examples
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Topic 5: Historical development and evolution
Remember: Current trends and future directions
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Literature review and discussion
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 42: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 43: Key terms and definitions
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 44: Case studies and real-world applications
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 45: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 46: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 46: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 47: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 49: Key terms and definitions
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Test 6: Best practices and recommendations
Important: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Case studies and real-world applications
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 52: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 57: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
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