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A History of the Vikings 2nd Edition Gwyn Jones Digital
Instant Download
Author(s): Gwyn Jones
ISBN(s): 9780192801340, 0192801341
Edition: 2nd
File Details: PDF, 37.63 MB
Year: 2001
Language: english
Boston Public Library
Boston, MA 02116
A History of the Vikings
I. A SWEDISH VIKING
Gwyn Jones

A History of the

VIKINGS
SECOND EDITION

OXT ORB
UNIVERSITY PRESS
 OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0x2 6dp

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford,
It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
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Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press
in the UK and in certain other countries
© Oxford University Press 1968, 1973, 1984
The moral rights of the author have been asserted
Database right Oxford University Press (maker)
First published 1968
First issued as an Oxford University Press Paperback 1973
Second edition 1984
Reissued 2001
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press,
or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate
reprographics rights organizations. Enquiries concerning reproduction
outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department,
Oxford University Press, at the address above
You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover
and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer
British library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Data available
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Jones, Gwyn, 1907.
A history of the Vikings. (Oxford paperbacks)
Originally published: 1968.
Bibliography, p. Includes index.
1. Civilization, Scandinavian. 2. Vikings.
I. Title.
DL31.J6 1984 948 83-13303
ISBN 0-19-280134-1
4
Printed in Great Britain by
Clays Ltd, St Ives pic
 Contents

List of Illustrations vii

Note Prefatory to the Revised Edition, 1984 xv

Acknowledgements xvii
Introduction 1

I. THE NORTHERN PEOPLES TO A.D. 700

1. From the Beginnings to the Age of Migrations 17
2. The Legendary History of the Swedes and the Danes 34

II. THE VIKING KINGDOMS TO THE CLOSE

OF THE TENTH CENTURY
1. The Scandinavian Community, I: Diversity and Unity 59
2. The Historical Traditions of Norway to 950 78
3. Denmark to the Death of Gorm the Old 97
4. Denmark and Norway from the Accession of Harald
Bluetooth to the Death of Olaf Tryggvason (c. 950-1000) 118

III. THE VIKING MOVEMENT OVERSEAS

1. The Scandinavian Community, II: Aspects of Society 145
2. Causes of the Viking Movement Overseas 182
3. The Movement South and South-West to 954: the British
Isles, the Frankish Empire, the Mediterranean 204
4. The Movement East: The Baltic Lands, Russia, Byzantium 241
5. The Movement West: Iceland, Greenland, America 269

IV. THE VIKING AGE ENDS

1. The Scandinavian Community, III: Culture and Image 315
2. Svein Forkbeard, Saint Olaf, Knut the Great 354
3. The Viking Kingdoms to the Death of Harald Hardradi,
1066 387
VI Contents

Appendixes
I. Runes 419
II. The Danelaw 421
HI. A Rus Ship-Burial on the Volga 425

Supplementary Booklist, 1984 430

Select Bibliography 431

Index 445
Illustrations

PLATES

I. A Viking. Head carved in elk-horn, as top of a stick, from

Sigtuna, Sweden. Photo Antikvarisk- Topo graft ska A rki vet (A TAJ,
Statens Historiska Museum, Stockholm. frontispiece

2. Pre-Viking Dragon Head. Terminal of the wooden stem-

post of a Migration Age ship, from the river Scheldt. Post c. 57
in. long. Photo British Museum.
3. Warriors attacking a house. Lid of the Frank’s Casket
(whalebone), c. 9 in. long. Viking Age. Photo British Museum.
4. Saga Scene. Carving in wood from the Oseberg wagon,
ninth century, Norway. Photo Universitetets Oldsaksamling, Oslo.
5. Norse Tools, Viking Age, from a grave-find at Bygland,
Telemark, Norway. Photo Universitetets Oldsaksamling, Oslo.
6. Norse Weapons, ninth and tenth centuries, Norway. Photo
Ernst Schwitters, Universitetets Oldsaksamling, Oslo.
7. Baptism ofHarald Bluetooth. From the twelfth-century altar
of Tamdrup Church, East Jutland. Photo Nationalmuseet,
Copenhagen.
8. Smith’s mould for casting Thor’s Hammer and Christ’s
Cross, together with hammer-amulets. Tenth century. Photo
Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen.
9. Jelling. Gorm’s Stone and Harald Bluetooth’s Stone standing
beside the (later) Romanesque church. Photo Nationalmuseet,
Copenhagen. (Cf. text figure, no. 15.)
10. Lindholm Hoje, the settlement and cemetery from the air.
Photo H. Sties dal, Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen.
Vlll Illustrations
11. Gamla Uppsala, the mounds from the air. Photo by kind per¬
mission of Uppsala-Bild, Uppsala.
12. The oldest Danish coins from the Viking Age. Photo
Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen.

13. Carved and pictured stone from Larbro, Gotland. Photo

Nils Lagergren, AT A, Statens Historiska Museum, Stockholm.
14. The Gokstad Ship, ninth century, Norway. Photo Univer-
sitetets Oldsaksamling, Oslo.
15. Treasure of silver found at Grimestad, Stokke, Vestfold,
Norway. Tenth century. Photo Universitetets Oldsaksamling, Oslo.
16. Necklace and arm-ring from Birka, Grave 632. Photo ATA,
Statens Historiska Museum, Stockholm.
17. Viking Age memorial stone, Kirkastigen, Ed, IJppland,
Sweden. Photo AT A, Statens Historiska Museum, Stockholm.
18. The Piraeus Lion, Venice. Photo AT A, Statens Historiska
Museum, Stockholm.
19. Thingvellir, Iceland. Photo Thorkild Ramskou, by kind per¬
mission of the artist.
20. Flateyjarbok, Gks 1005, part of col. 283. Print supplied
by Kiimmerly & Frey AG, Bern. Photo Det Kongelige Bibliotek,
Copenhagen. (See no. 30.)

21. Tapestry from the Oseberg find (restored; actual breadth

c. 23 cm.). After an aquarelle by Mary Storm. Photo Univer¬
sitetets Oldsaksamling, Oslo.
22. Frey. Bronze image of a god, probably Frey, 7 cm. high,
from Rallinge, Sodermanland, Sweden. Photo AT A, Statens
Historiska Museum, Stockholm.
23. Thor. Bronze image of a god, probably Thor, 6-7 cm. high,
from Eyrarland, Eyjafjordur, Iceland. Photo Hans Reich, Thjod-
minjasafn Islands, Reykjavik.
24. A Viking. Carving in wood from the Oseberg wagon,
ninth century, Norway. Photo Universitetets Oldsaksamling, Oslo.
Other documents randomly have
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 Biology - Learning Objectives
First 2021 - Center

Prepared by: Prof. Smith

Date: August 12, 2025

Results 1: Case studies and real-world applications

Learning Objective 1: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 2: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 2: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 3: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 4: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 5: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Case studies and real-world applications
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 6: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 6: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 9: Experimental procedures and results
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Results 2: Interdisciplinary approaches
Note: Experimental procedures and results
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 11: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 11: Best practices and recommendations
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 13: Historical development and evolution
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 14: Historical development and evolution
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Current trends and future directions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 17: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 19: Research findings and conclusions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 20: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Results 3: Historical development and evolution
Practice Problem 20: Study tips and learning strategies
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 21: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Ethical considerations and implications
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 22: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Ethical considerations and implications
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 24: Historical development and evolution
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 27: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Abstract 4: Statistical analysis and interpretation
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Study tips and learning strategies
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Key terms and definitions
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 33: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Best practices and recommendations
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Current trends and future directions
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Case studies and real-world applications
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 36: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 37: Current trends and future directions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Ethical considerations and implications
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice 5: Study tips and learning strategies
Important: Research findings and conclusions
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Case studies and real-world applications
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Historical development and evolution
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Best practices and recommendations
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Practical applications and examples
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Practical applications and examples
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Lesson 6: Ethical considerations and implications
Remember: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 51: Study tips and learning strategies
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 52: Current trends and future directions
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Best practices and recommendations
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Literature review and discussion
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 56: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 57: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Historical development and evolution
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 58: Case studies and real-world applications
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Best practices and recommendations
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Introduction 7: Research findings and conclusions
Practice Problem 60: Study tips and learning strategies
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Experimental procedures and results
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Case studies and real-world applications
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 63: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 64: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 64: Study tips and learning strategies
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 65: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Experimental procedures and results
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Literature review and discussion
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 67: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Research findings and conclusions
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Study tips and learning strategies
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Background 8: Best practices and recommendations
Example 70: Key terms and definitions
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
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