Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Kurla
Academic Year 2025-26
EXPERIMENT NO. 1
SEMESTER: V DATE OF PERFORMANCE: 18-07-2025
SUBJECT: CN Lab DATE OF SUBMISSION: 18-07-2025
NAME OF THE STUDENT: Kenneth Ornello ROLL NO.:
AIM
Use basic networking commands in Linux
LEARNING The student will understand the basic Linux networking commands.
OBJECTIVE
LEARNING ● The student will experiment and explain the basic Linux networking
OUTCOME commands.
● The student will be able to find out IP/MAC addresses, IP packet
status, link status, network statistics, port scanning etc.
COURSE CSL 502.1: Identify the important networking commands in Linux and understand
OUTCOME their function.
PROGRAM PO1,PO2,PO3,PO4,PO5,PO9,PO10,PSO1,PSO2,PSO3
OUTCOME
BLOOM'S Remember
TAXONOMY
LEVEL
Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Kurla
Academic Year 2025-26
THEORY 1. ifconfig (short for Interface Configuration): ifconfig is used to configure the
system's kernel-resident network interfaces. It is used at boot time to set up
interfaces as necessary. After that, it is usually only needed when debugging or when
system tuning is needed. If no arguments are given, ifconfig displays the status of the
system's active interfaces. If a single interface argument is given, it displays the
status of the given interface only.The ifconfig command in Linux is used to view and
configure network interfaces. It is commonly used for:
• Checking IP addresses
• Enabling/disabling network interfaces
• Assigning IP addresses
• Viewing MAC addresses and network statistics
2. ping (short for Packet Internet Groper) :
Ping is a basic Internet program that lets you verify that a particular Internet address
exists and can accept requests. The verb ping means the act of using the ping utility
or command. Ping is used diagnostically to ensure that a host computer you are
trying to reach is actually operating. If, for example, a user cannot ping a host, then
the user will be unable to use the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to send files to that
host. Ping can also be used with a host that is operating to see how long it takes to
get a response back. Using ping, you can learn the number form of the IP address
from the symbolic domain name.
Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Kurla
Academic Year 2025-26
Loosely, ping means "to get the attention of" or "to check for the presence of"
another party online”. Ping operates by sending a packet to a designated address and
waiting for a response.The ping command is a network diagnostic tool used in Linux
(and other operating systems) to test connectivity between your machine and another
host (like a website or server).
Purpose of ping:
• Checks if a host is reachable.
• Measures round-trip time (RTT) for packets.
• Detects packet loss and network delays.
3. traceroute:
The traceroute command in Linux is a network diagnostic tool used to track the path
that packets take from your system to a destination host. It shows each hop (router or
gateway) along the way and measures the time taken to reach each.
4. tracepath:
The tracepath traces the complete path to a networking host discovering the MTU
along the path. It uses UDP port or some random port. It is similar to traceroute, only
it does not require super user privileges and has no fancy options.
5. nslookup:
The nslookup is a network administration command-line tool available for many
computer operating systems for querying the Domain Name System (DNS) to obtain
domain name or IP address mapping or for any other specific DNS record.
6. Netstat (short for network statistics):
The netstat command in Linux is used to display network connections, routing
tables, interface statistics, and more.Netstat allows you to display statistics about
your Ethernet interface. If any errors are indicated in the display, you might have
Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Kurla
Academic Year 2025-26
problems with your network connection that are slowing the network down. If the
error packets approach 1% of the total number of packets, something is probably
Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Kurla
Academic Year 2025-26
wrong with your NIC or physical interface.
7.ARP:
ARP command is used to view and then delete the ARP cache, and you use the ping
command to generate ARP cache entries. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a
telecommunications protocol used for resolution of network layer addresses into link
layer addresses, a critical function in multiple-access networks. ARP was defined by
RFC 826 and is also the name of the program for manipulating these addresses in
most operating systems.
In the command prompt, type arp -a. Remember, that previously the computer
discovered the MAC address of your computer by using address resolution protocol
(ARP). You have now resolved the globally unique MAC address of your device.
7.
● In the command prompt, type in ARP. ● Attach output.
8.ip addr show:
ip addr show command is used to view ip addresses.
● In the command prompt, type ip addr show.
● Attach output.
9.dig:
Using dig command you can query DNS name server for your DNS lookup related
tasks.
● In the command prompt type dig dbit.in (Take website of your choice
instead of www.dbit.com)
● The dig command result will have header, question section, answer section,
authority section and additional section.
● Attach output of both website.
10. route:
route command will display the routing table entries.
● In the command prompt type route. This will display the routing table
entries.
● Find an alternative command for the same task.
● What does route –n command do?
Attach output for both the commands executed.
Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Kurla
Academic Year 2025-26
LAB EXERCISE Every student will execute the command as per the instruction and attach
output as per the requirements.
1. For ifconfig command:
Display information of all network interface s available on the system.
Display a shortlist of active network interfaces.
Alter status of specific network interface.
Set MTU size of the network interface.
Find alternative five Linux commands which helps to find out IP address of your
machine.
2. For ping command:
Ask your friend to give his/her IP address, now try a simple ping to their machine
using e.g. ping your friend’s IP address.
Try the option ping -c 2 IP ADDRESS, then try ping -c 7 IP ADDRESS. What
differences do you notice?
3. For traceroute command:
Find how many hops are required for reaching www.google.com Change
the hop size and number of queries per hop.
4. For tracepath command:
In the command prompt type tracepath www.dbit.in (Take website of your choice
instead of www.dbit.com)
What difference do you see between traceroute and tracepath command?
5. For nslookup command:
Find IP address for speicifc domain names.
6. For netstat command:
Use netstat to list all current network connections.
Try atleast 5 variations of netstat command doing specific operations.
RESULTS:
1. Using command IPCONFIG
Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Kurla
Academic Year 2025-26
2.Using the command IPCONFIG /ALL
3. Trace command (TRACERT)
4.NSLOOKUP command
5. ROUTE COMMAND
Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Kurla
Academic Year 2025-26
REFERENCES • B.A. Forouzan, “Data Communications and Networking”, TMH, Fourth
Edition.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rurs7cdT5cc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_3t2wBBB1U
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75lCgcXP4dc
