(Ebook) Political Affect: Connecting the Social and the

Somatic by John Protevi ISBN 0816665109 Pdf Download

https://ebooknice.com/product/political-affect-connecting-the-
social-and-the-somatic-2343310

★★★★★
4.8 out of 5.0 (88 reviews )

DOWNLOAD PDF

ebooknice.com
 (Ebook) Political Affect: Connecting the Social and the
Somatic by John Protevi ISBN 0816665109 Pdf Download

EBOOK

Available Formats

■ PDF eBook Study Guide Ebook

EXCLUSIVE 2025 EDUCATIONAL COLLECTION - LIMITED TIME

INSTANT DOWNLOAD VIEW LIBRARY

 We believe these products will be a great fit for you. Click
the link to download now, or visit ebooknice.com
to discover even more!

(Ebook) Structure and Social Action: On Constituting and

Connecting Social Worlds by John Scott ISBN 9781802627992,
9781802628005, 9781802628012, 1802627995, 1802628002, 1802628010

https://ebooknice.com/product/structure-and-social-action-on-constituting-
and-connecting-social-worlds-43759144

(Ebook) The Political Economy of Affect and Emotion in East Asia

by Jie Yang ISBN 9780415709705, 0415709709

https://ebooknice.com/product/the-political-economy-of-affect-and-emotion-
in-east-asia-4950400

(Ebook) Connecting to Change the World : Harnessing the Power of

Networks for Social Impact by Peter Plastrik; Madeleine Taylor;
John Cleveland ISBN 9781610915335, 161091533X

https://ebooknice.com/product/connecting-to-change-the-world-harnessing-
the-power-of-networks-for-social-impact-51390006

(Ebook) Connecting Sounds: The Social Life of Music by Nick

Crossley ISBN 9781526126016, 152612601X

https://ebooknice.com/product/connecting-sounds-the-social-life-of-
music-12199516
(Ebook) Feeling and Thinking: The Role of Affect in Social
Cognition by Joseph P. Forgas ISBN 9780521011891,
9780521642231, 0521011892, 052164223X

https://ebooknice.com/product/feeling-and-thinking-the-role-of-affect-in-
social-cognition-54688376

(Ebook) Capital and Power: Political Economy and Social

Transformation by John Girling ISBN 9780203844618, 0203844610

https://ebooknice.com/product/capital-and-power-political-economy-and-
social-transformation-51626122

(Ebook) Social Structures of Direct Democracy : On the Political

Economy of Equality by John Asimakopoulos ISBN 9789004262751,
900426275X

https://ebooknice.com/product/social-structures-of-direct-democracy-on-the-
political-economy-of-equality-51304196

(Ebook) Social and Political Philosophy: A Contemporary

Introduction by John Christman ISBN 9781138841604, 1138841609

https://ebooknice.com/product/social-and-political-philosophy-a-
contemporary-introduction-36132122

(Ebook) Social capital versus social theory: political economy

and social science at the turn of the millennium by Ben Fine
ISBN 0415241790

https://ebooknice.com/product/social-capital-versus-social-theory-
political-economy-and-social-science-at-the-turn-of-the-millennium-2388402
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 1.
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=1

JOHN
.
I
�

PROTEVI
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 2.
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=2

P O L I T I C A L A F F ECT
 posthuman ies

.jl CARY WOLFE. SERIES EDITOR

7 Polilical Affect; COlll1eClill9 the Social alJ(i the Somalic

John Protevi

6 Animlll Capillll: Rel1(lerhl[/ Ufe in Biopoliticlil Times

Nicole Shukin

5 DorsaJity; Thinkillg Back til rough Tee/ulDlogy alld Politics

David Wills
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

4 Bios: Biopolilics alld PIJilosophy

Roberto Esposito
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=3
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 3.

3 Whell Species Meet

Donna J. Haraway

2 Tile Poetics oJ DNA

Judith Roof

1 The Parasile
Michel Serres
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 4.
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=4

1.01/(/011
Minl1eapolis
John Protevi

posthumanities 7

University oj Minnesota Press

Connecting the Social and the Somatic
POLITICAL AFFECT
 See page 233 for information on previously published material reprinted
in this book.

Copyright 2009 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota

All rights reserved. No part of this publici1tion may be reproduccd. stored in

a retrieval system. or tnmsm.itted. in any form or by <my me.'lns. electronic.

mechanical. photocopying. recording. or othenvise. without the prior written

permission of the publisher.

Published by the University of Minnesota Press

111 Third Avenue South. Suite 290

Minneapolis. MN 55401-2520

http://www.upress.umn.txIu

Librcrry of Congress Cataloging-in-Publc

i ation Data

Protevi. John

Political affect: conm:cting the social and the somatic / John Protevi.
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

p. Clll. - (Posthumanitics: 7)

IndudL"s bibliogrilphicill rcfercm:cs and index.

ISBN 978-0-81 66-6509-9 (he: alk. p.....pcr)-ISBN 978-0-8

1 66-65 I 0-5
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=5
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 5.

(pbk. : alk. paper)

I. Political science-Philosophy. I. TItle.

JA71.P772009

320.0
1-<le22 2009015506

Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

The University of Minnesota is an equal-opportunity educator and employer.

15141312 1110 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I
 COlltl'Ilts

P R EFACE vii
I N T R O I ) UC T I O N xi

Part I. A Concept of Bodies Politic

1. Above. Below. and Alongside the Subject 3

2. Bodies Politic 33

Part II. Bodies Politic as Organisms

3. The Organism in Aristotle and Kant 61

4. The Anorganic Body in Deleuze and Guattari 89

Part III. Love. Rage, and Fear

5. Terri Schiavo: The Somatic Body Politic 115

6. The Columbine High School Massacre:
The Transverse Body Politic 141
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

7. Hu r ric me Katrina: The GovernmenLal Body Politic

. 163

C O NCL U S I O N 1 85
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=6
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 6.

N O TES 193
BIBLI O G RAPHY 213
P U BL I C A T I O N H I S T O R Y 233
I N D EX 235
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 7.
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=7

This page intentionally left blank

 PreJilce

TH I S BOOK complements my Political Physics: Delcuze. Derrida, and tile

Bod!) Politic (2001). There. I used the notion of self-organization of male­
rial systems common in complexity theory. as well as the critique of hylo­
morphism that Deleuze and Guattari develop related to that notion. as a
reading grid for certain episodes in the history of Western philosophy. To
provide a focus [or that book. I developed a concept of the " body politic"
to mark the intersection of the social and the somatic and used it in order
to contrast Derrida and Oeleuze all basic epistemologic<:J1 and ontological
issues. Whereas Political Physics was primarily concerned with tracing the
effects of that concept in reading the philosophical texts of others. here in
PolitiClll Affect 1 pluralize the notion to that of "bodics politic." and add to
it several others ("political physiology" among them). with an eye toward
using them in detailed case studies of the ways in which politics. psychol­
ogy. and physiology intersect in socially embedded and somatically embod­
ied affective cognition.
The notions of bodies politic and political physiology I develop here
reUect a shift in contemporary philosophy. one 1 explored in PolWcal PIIYs­
ics: the turn to a new. nonmechanistic materialism. As r argue at some
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

length in that book. attaining the neomaterialist standpoint of Deleuze

rcquires that wc turn away from a postphenomcnological stancc in which
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=8

the real is only a retrojected effect of entering signifying systems. a brute

Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 8.

force that cannot be articulated but can appear only as a disturbance to a

signifying field or to a consciousness. The rejection of that model of "force
and signification" is complemented by the articulation of a Deleuzian neo­
materialism that does not begin with consciousness (even a fragmented
and internally hollowcd-out consciousness) but which accounts for con­
sciousness and for signification on the basis of a nonmechanistic and non-

vii
 viii Prefacc

deterministic materialism underlying historically variable subjectification

and signification practices. Such a neomaterialism allows for a productive
engagement with contemporary scientific findings and. most important.
for a productive engagcment with political practicc. as I argued with Mark
Bonta in Delclize (Il1d Geoplli1osophy (2004). This book attempts to cash in on
some of that promise.

I have learned from many discussions on these issues with Manola An­
tonioli. Miguel de Bcistegui. Chris Blakely. Rosi Braidotti. Andy Clark.
Jon Cogburn, Amy Cohen. Claire Colebrook, William Connolly. Dan Con­
way. Manuel DeLanda, Ros Diprose, Rich Doyle. Kevin Elliot. Fred Evans,
Peter Hallward. Mark Hansen, Eugene Holland. Len Lawlor, John Marks,
Todd May. Philippe Mengue. John Mullarkey. JetTNealon. Paul Patton. Dan
Selcer. Dan Smith. Charley SLivale. Alberto Toscano, Alistair Welchman.
Bertrand Westphal. and James Williams.
I am grateful Lo the organizers and audience members at conferences
and departmental talks at which I presented various versions of these ideas:
at Birkbeck. Cologne. Edinburgh. Dundee. Duquesne. Limoges. Memphis.
Penn State. the Society for Literature. Science. and the Arts (SLSA). the
Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy (SPEP). Stafford­
shire. Texas Tech. Trent (Ontario). Paris VIII. Vanderbilt. and Villanova. In
writing this book I benefited from a summer research stipend from Louisi­
ana State University's Council on Research: I am grateful for the extended
study this grant allo\"ved.
I am not a scientist or even a philosopher with much technical train­
ing in science. so I am very grateful that many people with those charac­
teristics-among them. Alistair Welchman. Chuck Dyke. Ravi Rau. Phil
Adams. and Vince liCata-would help me with great patience and prompt
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

replies. [thank them for their assistance and. as is the custom (and a good
custom it is). resolve them of any blame for the clumsiness that remains.
I thank my research assistants. especially Ryanson Ku. Thomas Brasde­
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=9
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 9.

fer. and Jane Richardson. and the anonymous reviewers of the manuscript.
who provided many exceptionally penetrating comments. Roger Pippin
was an excellent collaborator for parL of what became chapter 6. The book
was considerably improved by the comments of Cary Wolfe. series editor of
Posthumanities. and Doug Armato. director of the University of Minnesota
Press. More than that. it ,·..,ould not have been possible at all without their
initiative.
 Preface ix

Finally. along with my colleagues at Louisiana State University. I thank

all my students who listened to what must have sometimes seemed mere
rants as these thoughts came to me in fits and starts. I especially thank
Robcrt Rosc. who somc time ago bccame a friend and colleague as "veil as
a student.
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=10
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 10.
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 11.
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=11

This page intentionally left blank

 1IltrodllctiOlI

IN THE M O ST GENE R A L this book investigates the imbrica­

T E R M S.

tions of the sociul und the somulic: how our bodies. minds. und sodul set­
tings are intricately and intimately linked. 1 do this by bringing together
concepts from science. philosophy. and politics. I call this perspective "po­
litical physiology" to indicate not only this mix of intellectual resources but
also in order to indicate that subjectivity is sometimes bypassed in favor of
a direct linkage of the social and the somatic. For instance. \ve see a direct
linkage in politically triggered basic emotions. such as rage and panic. and
in direct political/medical control of physiological processes-an intense
form of biopower. to borrow Foucault's term. I do not neglect the subjec­
tive level. however. In addition to treating instances in which the subject is
bypassed. my treatment of affective cognition in social contexts also chal­
lenges both the exclusion of affecL from cognition and the individualism of
mosL Lreatments of the subject. insisLing thaL subjectiviLy be studied both in
its embodied affectivity and in terms of the distribution of affective cogni­
tive traits in a population.
A central strand in the philosophy of mind has built up a picture of
cognition as the emotionless capture and processing of information. that
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

is. as representation. Today. however. some of the most interesting \'Ilork

in the field focuses on the role of emotion in cognition and/or challenges
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=12
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 12.

the notion of representation as the key factor in our knowing the world.
II thereby challenges what we can call the "rational cognitive subject.·'
But even these two challenging schools-affective neuroscience and the
embodied-embedded mind. respectively-tend to presuppose an adult sub­
ject that is supposedly not marked in its development by sociill practices.
such as gendcring. that influence affective cognition. As there are many
different gendering practices-as well as an indeterminate number of other
kinds of practices influencing affective cognition-I propose that we need

xi
 xii /Iltrotluctioll

to turn to population thinking to describe the development and distribu­

tion of cognitively and affectively important traits in a population as a rem­
edy to this abstract adult subjecl. In other words. to do philosophy of mind
properly. we need to study the multiple ways in which subjects develop as a
result of different social practices.
In pursuing this line of thought I develop three basic concepts-bodies
politic. political cognition. and political affect-to examine the interlocking
of the social and the somatic. The concept of bodies politic is meant to cap­
ture the emergent-that is. the embodied/embedded/extended-character
of subjectivity. or in other words. the \'olay the production. bypassing. and
surpassing of subjectivity is found in the interactions of somatic and social
systems. In bodies poiHic, the inherent relations of freedom and constraint,
or individual and group. or subordination and hierarchy. make these sys­
tems amenable to political analysis: the regulation of material nows per­
formed by these systems makcs them objects of physiological study: and the
triggering of qualitatively different feelings by those material nows. as well
as the subtle negotiations of dynamic coupling of social emotions. makes
them the object of psychological study. These networks of bodies politic
are knitted together by the interlocking of processes that link the patterns.
thresholds. and triggers of the behavior of the component bodies to the pat­
terns. thresholds. and triggers of the behavior of the emergent superordi­
nate (and sometimes transversal) bodies.
My analysis posits three compositional scales of bodies politic­
personal. group. and civic-as well as three temporal scales-short-term.
mid-term. and long-term. Borrowing concepts from Deleuze's ontology.
which I will explain in chapter 1. on all these compositional and tempo­
ral scales. we see events as the resolution of the differential rclations that
structure a dynamic bio-social-political-economic fJeld. These processes
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

are crudely analogous to crystallization in a metastable supersaturated

solution. with the important proviso that with bodies politic we are deal­
ing with heterogeneous biological and social components. On the personal
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=13
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 13.

scale of political physiology. for example. we see the formation of a somatic

body politic: the patterns and triggers of bodily action and reaction. On
the group compositional scale. \'ole see short-term events of concrete social
perception and action. forming evental bodies politic. or. perhaps less bar­
barically named. social encounters. Finally. on the largest scale of politi­
cal physiology. we see the formation of a body politic in the classical sense.
what we will call a civic body politic: the patterns and triggers of institu­
tional action.
 Illtroductioll xiii

We must be clear at the outset that these compositional and temporal

scales are only analytical categories and that all concrete bodies politic
operate by the imbrications of all scales. In principle and in fact. all bio­
social-political events enfold all levcls of political physiology. as a concrete
encounter occurs in a short-term social context between embodied subjects
formed by long-term social and developmental processes encoded in social
custom and (today) increasingly regulated directly and indirectly by pro­
cesses of governmentality and biopmver. More precisely. since context is
too static. a bio-social-political event. like all the emergent functional struc­
tures of political physiology. is the resolution of the differential relations of
a dynamic field. in this case. one operating at multiple levels: civic. somatic.
and group. (Once again, we see here the limits of the crystallization anal­
ogy: crystals form in homogeneous solutions. while political encounters
coalesce in heterogeneous environments.)
I develop these concepts from n variety of scientific and philosophical
sources. of which I provide a sketch in chapter 1. Because I draw on so
many fields. this is by necessity a synthetic and at times a speculative book.
not a definitive one. I am trying to construct a plausible account that gives
the outlines for and provides some examples of the field of affective cog­
nition in bodies politic. In order to do so in a book of reasonable length. I
cannot provide detailed arguments on many subpoints. Thus. in several
places I select a certain position from among many. but I do not defend it
against its specialist critics. This is both the better part of valor (no one per­
son can be a specialist in all these fields) and a necessity to keep the narra­
tive going. I do try in the notes Lo refer to the main issues at stake. With all
these lines at work. I hope this book will appeal to philosophers trained in
either the continental or the analytic tradition. To do that I need to explain
the jargon and common references of each field in \vays that threaten to
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

bore the experts and alienate the novices. I can only ask for paticnce and
open-mindedness from my readers to help me navigate this strait.
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=14
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 14.

The book has three parts. which correspond to the theoretical and practical
study of politically shaped and triggered affective cognition. As a bridge. I
discuss the implicit political theology of some instantiations in the history
of philosophy of concepts of the organism.
Part 1. '1\. Concept of Bodies Politic." begins in chapter 1 with a survey of
the scientific and philosophical works that enable me to develop my basic
concepts. [ show how we are led to rethink the dominant picture of the
rational cognitive subject by advances in a number of fields: dynamical sys-
 xiv /Iltrotluctioll

terns modeling, what is commonly called " complexity theory": the ontology
of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari: the autonomous systems theory pro­
posed by Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela: developmental sys­
tems theory (DST). a ncw development in biological thought: new rcsearch
on human emotion: and the situated cognition school in cognitive science.
Together. these advances allow us to situate subjectivity in a net\vork of
natural and social processes and practices. We thus are led below the sub­
ject to neurological and physiological processes that at least condition sub­
jectivity. if not void it altogether in extreme cases: here. in some of the find­
ings of the embodied mind school. we see the basis for a careful discourse on
human nature grounded in such basic emotional putterns as ruge. feur, and
proloempathic identHication, We are ulso led above the subject in consider­
ing the way we are embedded in social practices that inform the thresholds
and triggers at which those basic emotions come into play. Finally. we are
also led alongside the subject to phenomena of tcamwork nnd technologi­
cal supplementation of subjectivity (the extended mind thesis).
In chapter 2. I put all the resources examined in chapter 1 together in
laying out the intcrrelations of our three basic concepts of bodies politic.
political cognition. and political affect. The following formula captures
their interaction: politically shaped and triggered affective cognition is the
sense-making of bodies politic. The concept of bodies politic is meant to
capture the emergent-that is. the embodied and the embedded---charac­
ter of subjectivity: the production, bypassing, and surpassing of subjec­
tivity in the imbrications of somatic and social systems. Individual bodies
politic are cognitive agents that actively make sense of situations: they con­
stitute significations by cstablishing value for themselves. and they adopt
an orientation or direction of action. This cognition is co-constituted with
affective openness to thaL situation: affed is concretely the imbrication of
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

thc social and the somatic. as our bodies change in relation to the changing
situations in which they find themselves. I trace the relations among com­
positional and temporal scales of bodies politic. insisting that we overcome
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=15
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 15.

the tendency toward individualist thinking and embrace population think­

ing about the effects of multiple subjectification practices, so that subjec­
tivity is studied in terms of the distribuLion of affective cognitive traits in a
population.
Part II. "Bodies Politic as Organisms." has two chapters as well. Chap­
ter 3 looks at Aristotle and Kant from the point of view of Deleuze and
Guattari's notion of the organism as a body politic locked into imposed
stereotyped patterns of politically shaped and triggered affective cognition
 Illtroductioll xv

produced by and in turn reproducing centralized and hierarchical social

systems. In the mainstream of Western philosophy. the unity and teleologi­
cally ordered linality of nature as a whole and the organism as a micro­
cosm of that unified whole have often been patterned on divine perfection
and/or been brought about by God's plan. Deleuze cll1d Guattari indic<:Jte the
theo-bio-political rcgister with their phrase the "organism is the judgment
of God." In pursuing this reading. we must keep in mind that the organ­
ism in Deleuze and Guattari's sense is a hierarchically ordered body. a body
whose organs arc constrained to work for the benefit of the organism as
an integrative and emergent whole that functions politically in the proper
way. as determined by its role in a hierarchical social system. "Organism"
is thus not a strictly biological term, bUl a term of political physiology, indi­
cating the patterning of a somatic biological system by a hierarchical social
system.
Chapter 1 examines Dcleuze and Guattari's own treatment of the rig­
idly patterned organism and its counterpart. the "body without organs."
which allows experimentation with patterns of bodily order. I provide read­
ers with a guide to Delcuze and Guattari's somewhat bewildering termi­
nology in order to clarify how the political genesis of capitalist subjectiv­
ity shown in Anti-Oedipus is placed into a naturalistic philosophy of great
depth and breadth in A Thollsand Plateaus. It was Deleuze and Guattari's
work that led me to formulate the main concepts of the present work. and a
detailed reading of their own conceptual formulations in the fields of politi­
cal physiology and bodies politic will. I hope. show some of the roots. and
hence untapped potentials. of this line of thought.
In Part III. "Love. Rage. and Fear." I examine three case studies of con­
temporary instances of politically shaped and triggered affective cognition
as concrete imbrications of the social. the physiological. and the psycho­
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

logical. Again. it is vital to remember that although all compositional and

temporal scales are active in all concrete cases. we can nevertheless iden­
tify one as most intense in each case. Thus. I examine the Terri Schiavo
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=16
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 16.

case in terms of the personal scale. the Columbine High School case in
terms of the group scale. and the case of Hurricane Katrina in terms of
the civic sCille. Although I will develop a different emotional focus in each
case (love in Schiavo. rage in Columbine. and fear in Katrina). to provide
continuity across the ilnalyses I concentrate on empathy as an importilnt
instance of affective cognition. Empathy-sometimes called. at least in its
basic form. " emotional contagion." that is. an immediate emotional link
between embodied beings-is biologically \videspread. both in primates and
 x,d /Iltrotluctioll

in humans. Although such a protoempathic identification capacity is wide­

spread, it needs to develop and hence needs the right genetic background
and social environment. and it is therefore not present in ilii. Furthermore.
even if present. it is most easily triggered by those in the in-group: its exten­
sion to others is thus fairly fragile and can be overridden by such social
factors as political indoctrination and military training. which manipulate
thresholds for rage and fear. Therdore, protoempathic identification is an
aspect of political physiology, and as such. it is biological. yet susceptible to
political manipulation.
In chapter 5. 1 examine how political institutions directly invest the
organic lire of Terri Schiavo without regard to consciousness or subjectiv­
ity, rendering it a simultaneously undead and obscenely mediatized body.
By a horrible twist operating at the personal scale. Terri Schiavo's parents
are trapped in il pseudoempathy triggered by phenomena of faciality; their
love then connicts with the love that Terri had for them and for hcr hus­
band and that led her to express her wish not to receive tubal feeding. In
chapter 6, I eXilllline hm" the killers in the Columbine High School massa­
cre maintain a cold rage. initiating the act of killing yet staying in enough
control to carry out their plans. Here we see the scale of group dynamics
in ,,,,hich protoempathic identification is overcome by quasi-military train­
ing. a freelance experiment in political physiology on the part of the killers.
Finally. in chapter 7. I look at how a racialized fear contributed to the delay
in government rescue efforts in Hurricane Katrina until sufficient military
force could confront thousands of black people in New Orleans: the govern­
ment's racialized fear flew in the face of the massive empathy of ordinary
citizcns. a communal solidarity that led them to rescue thcir fricnds. ncigh­
bors. and strangers until they wcre forced to stop by government order.
Figure 1 expresses these relations among the case studies. To reiterate
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

the essential point: all the compositional and tcmporal sealcs arc involved
in each of the case studies. but in each case a particular scale achieves a
point of highest intensity, Although a punctual event occurs in all three
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=17
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 17.

cases (the cardiac crisis of Terri Schiavo. the attack by Dylan Klebold and
Eric Harris at Columbine, the storm and flood of Katrina). it comes largely
without wilfning in the SchiilVO case: in addition, the developmental/train­
ing and geosocial historical timescalcs assume an importance in the other
cases that is rdativdy muted in the Schiavo case. This intensity can be dif­
ferent in different cases. In chapter 2 for example, we will analyze a case.
relayed in an article by Francisco Varela. in which the compositionally per-
 Illtroductioll xvii

composition personal group civic

body politic somatic transverse governmental

hi;:;hest intensity Schiavo Columbine Katrina

relalion to subject below: along�ide: above:

subpersonal bloleehnical sociopolitical

module assemblage system

timescale punctual event habit/training geosocial history

emotional focus love rage fear

technical focus medical/legal military geography

Figure I. Relation of Ihc compositional scale of bodies politic 10 various factors

sonal scale is most intensely marked by a mid-term developmental tem­

poral scale. and the group compositional scale is marked temporally by a
punctual event. Thus. V,le see the utility or the concept or kairos. or singular
event. that gives us a heterogeneous time: some events arc regular or ordi­
nary. whereas others are singular. marking turning points in a system's
history.
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=18
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 18.
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 19.
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=19

This page intentionally left blank

Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 20.
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=20

Part I
i\ Concept of Bodies Politic
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 21.
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=21

This page intentionally left blank

 Chapter I Above, Below, and Alongside

the Subject

THE I N DI V I DUAL A S RATIONAL C O GN I T I V E SUBJECT is a deep­

sCilted presupposiLion of mlmy strands of philosophy. In this picture. the
subject gathers sensory information in order to learn about the features
of the world: processes that information into representations of those fca­
tures: 1 calculates the best course of acLion in the world given the relation of
those represented features of the world and the desires it has (whether the
subject is thought to be able to change those desires through rational de­
liberation or not); and then commands its body and related instruments to
best realize those desires given the features of the world it has represented
to itself. We thus see cognition placed between perception and action in
what Susan Hurley memorably called "the classical sandwich model of the
mind" (Hurley 1998, 401). For many philosophers. the rational cognitive
subject is what we are, or al least what we should become: it is the episte·
mological standard by which our judgments are measured and the ethical
goal for which we should reach. for we are enjoined to act the way rational
subjects would act were they to be in our situation.
On the other hand. for many other philosophers-of more or less leftist
political orientation-this notion of the subject is at best ahistorical and
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

apolitical. an arid abstraction from concrete life and at worst a sham. a tool
for use in political oppression: "We're rational. you're emotional. so just
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=22
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 22.

shut up and do as we say." We can say that these philosophers go above

the subjecl. locating it in a social field that at least constrains the Held of its
action but is often thought to more strongly constitute that subject through
multiple and sometimes conflicting subjectification practices. To be more
precise. as we will insist in chapter 2. above the subjective level we find a
social field. itself multiple. which through its practices constitutes a field or
population of subjects with varied affective and cognitive traits.

3
 4 Above. BeloHl. ami Alongside llle Subject

But it is not just politically active philosophers who call the rational
cognitive subject into question. Recent approaches in cognitive science
have squarely called into question the cognitivism of this picture of the
subject and. to a lesser extent. its individualism. Philosophers have taken
up these critiques of the individual cognitive subject in what they call var­
iously the study of '·embodied." ·'embedded." '·extended." ·'enactive." and
" affective" cognition: as a group. these philosophers can be said to pursue
studies of 4EA cognition. Many of these critiques go below the subject to
automatic. subpersonal. embodied cognitive and affective mechanisms.
Many of these analyses. especially in studies of (socially) embedded and
(technologically) extended cognition, also go alongside the subject to the
immediately surrounding social and technical milieu or assemblage (this
passage to the assemblage is what we will call transverse emergence). But.
and this will be an important topic for us in chapLer 2. the partisans of
embedded and extended cognition rarely if ever thematize the social fields
that structure and benefit from subjectification practices: that is to say, they
rarely if ever submit to political analysis the fields within which different
cognitive practiccs are developed. so I do not count them as going above the
subject.
Bringing together the political and the 4EA critiques of the subject here.
in Political Affect. I go above, below. and alongside the subject in examin­
ing politically shaped and triggered affective cognition: above to the social,
below to the somatic, and alongside to the assemblage. In this endeavor I
develop three basic concepts-bodies politic. political cognition. and politi­
cal affect-to examine the interlocking of the social and the somatic; these
imbrications sometimes. in thc short term. bypass the subject and always.
in the long term. constitute it. I develop my concepts from a variety of sci­
entific and philosophical sources. each of which I will discuss later in this
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

chaptcr: ( 1 ) the notion of emergence drawn from philosophical reflection

on the scientific practices of dynamical systems modeling. \vhat is com­
monly called complexity theory: (2) the ontology of Deleuze and Guattari:
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=23
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 23.

(3) the concept of autonomous systems proposed by the Chilean biologists

and philosophers Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela: (4) the eco­
social Lake on biology known as developmental systems theory (DST): (5) a
hybrid theory of emotion drawn from a variety of psychological and neuro­
biological approaches. with a particular focus on protoempathic identifica­
tion or "emotional contagion " : and (6) the 4EA cognition school of philo­
sophical work in cognitive science.
 Above. Below. alld AlolI!lside rhe Subject 5

Complexity Theory

We have rich resources in complexity theory for overcoming individual­

ism. especially the concepts of emergence and entrainment.1 We should
first note that working scientists do not use the term "complexity theory":
instead. they talk in terms of the mathematics used in modeling nonlinear
dynamical systems. However. " eomplexity theory" does have some history
of popular use. and it is considerably shorter to use than a more fully de­
scriptive phrase. But its real utility for us is that it enables us to distinguish
two fields within nonlinear dynamics: chaos theory and complexity the­
ory. Chaos theory treats the growth of unpredictable behavior from sim­
ple rules in deterministic nonlinear dynamical systems, while complexity
theory treats the emergence or relatively simple functional structures from
complex interchanges of the component parts of a system. I n other words.
chaos theory moves from simple to complex while complexity theory moves
from complex to simple. J
To explain how complexity theory studies the emergence of functional
structures. we need to understand three sets of linked concepts: ( 1 ) in
the system being modeled-range of behavior. fluctuation. patterns. and
thresholds: (2) in the dynamical model-phase space. trajectory. atlrac­
tors. and bifurcators: and ( 3 ) in the mathematics used to construct the
model-manifold. function. and singularity. A phase space is an imagi­
nary space with as many dimensions as "interesting" variables of a system:
the choice of variables obviously depends on the interests of the modeler.
The phase space model is constructed using a manifold. an n-dimensional
mathematical object. The manifold qua phase space represents the range
of behavior open to the system. At any one point. the global condition of
a system can be represented by a point in phase space with as many values
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

as dimensions or degrees of freedom. If you track the system across time.

you can see the point trace a trajectory through the manifold/phase space.
a trajectory representing the behavior of the system.
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=24
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 24.

For some systems. you can solve the equation that governs the function
represented by that trajectory: for other systems. you simply run a com­
puter simulation of the model and see what happens. Oflen these simu­
lations will show trajectories following a particular configuration. These
shapes of trajectories arc called attractors and represent patterns of behav­
ior of the real system. There are various kinds of atLractors: poinL (for stable
or steady-state systems). loop (for oscillating systems). and strange or frac-
 6 Above. BeloHl. ami Alongside llle Subject

tal (for turbulent or chaotic systems). Here we must make an important dis­
tinction: chaos-in the sense of chaos theory or complexity theory-is not
the ancient cosmogony sense of chaos. which is now called a random sys­
tem. one whose model produces no attractors. On the contrary. the models
of what are now called chaotic systems do have attractors. albeiL fractal
ones. Although the behavior of chaotic systems is unpredictable in quanti­
tative detail. it is sometimes predictable in the long run or qualitatively via
the examination of the layout of attractors in the model.
The areas of phase space surrounding attractors-rcpresenting nor­
mal behavior of the system in one or another of its behavior patterns-are
called basins of attraction. The behavior patterns described by attractors
are. in highly complex (biological and social) systems. formed by the action
01' negative feedback mechanisms:4 these are to be contrasted to positive
feedback loops. v.rhich instead of returning a system to a homeostatic set
pOint. set up runaway growth or decline. which often pushes the system
to adopt another behavior pattern. Positive feedback loops are thus repre­
sented by bifurcators. which model the points at which systems jump from
one pattern of behavior to another: that is. in model terms. they move from
one basin of attraction to another. Positive feedback loops can also in some
cases nudge a system to produce new behavior patterns. which would be
represented by a new layout of attractors.
The layout of attractors and bifurcators in the phase space, which
describes the layout of the patterns of behavior of the system. is defined
by the layout of singularities. which arc mathematical objects that define
the topological structure of the manifold: a singularity is a point where the
graph of the function changes direction as it reaches local minima or max­
ima or. more dramatically. where the slope of the tangent to the graph of
the function becomes ;.:ero or infinite. A singularity in the manifold indi­
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

cates a bifureator in the phase space model. which in turn represents a

threshold where the real system changes qualitatively. A singularity is not
an attructor. but the distribution of singularities dclines where aUractors
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=25
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 25.

arc found by indicating the IimiLs of basins of attraction. :;

When systems are poised at the edges of one of their behavior patterns
(when they can't quite "make up their minds"). we find a zone of sensi­
tivity in which minimal fluctuations-those that would otherwise be swal­
lowed up by the negative feedback loops whose operation defines normal
functioning of a system following one of its patterns of behavior---c an now
push the system to a new pattern or perhaps even to develop new behav­
ior patterns. In modeling zones of sensitivity or crisis situations. we find
 Above. Below. alld AlolI!lside rhe Subject 7

fractal borders between basins of attraction. so that any move. no matter

how small and no matter what direction. might-or might not-trigger the
move to another basin of attraction or even to the creation of a new attrac­
tor layout. The most conservative explanation is that such systems arc
merely unpredictable rather than undetermined. In other words. " chance"
is here just an epistemological term for the limits of our prediction: it is not
ontologically grounded in the sense of allowing the system to escape from
deterministic laws.
As we have said. what keeps complex bio-social systems inside a behav­
ior pattern-represented by the trajectories inhabiting a basin of attrac­
tion-is the operation of negative feedback loops that respond to system
changes below a certain threshold of recuperation by quickly returning
the system to its pattern. These changes can be either endogenous fluctu­
iltions or responses to external events. Quickly recuperating systems are
called stable. With regard to normal functioning. fluctuations or exter­
nal events are mere perturbations to be corrected for in a stable system.
Changes of a certain magnitude-beyond the recuperative power of the
negative feedback loops or homeostatic mechanisms-will push the sys­
tem past a threshold. perhaps to another pattern in its fixed repertoire
or perhaps into a death zone. where there arc no patterns but only static
or chaos. Thus, some stable systems are brittle: they can be broken and die;
some systems are resilient: a trigger that provokes a response that over­
whelms its stereotyped defensive patterns and pushes the system beyond
the thresholds of its comfort zones will result not in death but in the cre­
iltion of new attractors representing new behaviors. We can call this learn­
ing. although of course there is a sense that the old system has died and the
new one has been reborn. (> (All sorts of questions of personal identity could
be raised here.) Sometimes this creation of new pallerns for a particular
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

system repeats patterns typical of systems of its kind: we call this norma­
tive development. Sometimes. however. this change of patterns is truly cre­
ation: we can call this "developmental plasticity" (West-Eberhard 2003). or
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=26
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 26.

" diachronic" emergence (Morowitz 2002).

Emergence

To understand the production of interlocking bodies politic. \ve have to un­

derstand the phenomenon of emergence. the appearance of self-organizing
systenliltic focus achieved by constraining the action of the components
making up the system.; While the concept of emergence plays a crucial
role in debates in philosophical reflection on science as a whole (the ques-
 8 Above. BeloHl. ami Alongside llle Subject

tion of reductionism). as well as in the fields of biology (the status of the

organism). R social science (the practical subject). and cognitive science (the
cognitive subject). I will not deal at length with those debates in this book.';!
Instead. I will examine how the concept of emergence implicit in the phi­
losophy of Deleuze and that of Deleuze and GuaUariw can provide a vo­
cabulary to frame my discussion of bodies politic. political cognition. and
political affect. [ define emergence as the (diachronic) construction of func­
tional structures in complex systems that achieve a (synchronic) focus of
systematic behavior as they constrain the behavior of individual compo­
nents. "Synchronic" should be taken to mean "on a fast temporal scale."
while ;'diachronic" should be taken to mean "on a slow temporal scale."
The terms "fast" and "slow" are here relative to the characteristic temporal
patterns of the systems under study: "synchronic" thus refers to the real­
Lime performance of the system. while "diachronic" refers Lo the develop­
ment of the system. Synchronically arising or developmentally appearing
patterns are said to emerge when a system's feedback loops constrain the
behavior of its parts so that a systematic focus of behavior becomes pos­
sible. [n this way. the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
Emergence is the contrary of mechanism: reductionists believe the lat­
ter to be the fundamental case. According to the reductionists. the behavior
of the whole can be accounted for on the basis of the aggregated behavior
of the parts. leaving no unexplained remainder. Reductionists in the social
sciences are thus at least methodological and sometimes ontological indi­
vidualists: they deny the efficacy or even the reality of positing collective
entities such as social groups as anything more than collections of indi­
viduals. The debate between emergentists and reductionists is long-stand­
ing. extensive. and complex: we cannot hope to enter its details. but will
content ourselves with adopting an emergentist perspective on pragmatic
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

grounds. That is. we will try to see how adopting emergence enables us to
construct our concept of political physiology and thereby to illuminate our
case studies.
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=27
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 27.

Emergentists have proposed as examples of emergent behavior phenom­

ena that range from the physical to the social; the list of candidates includes
lasers. chemical oscillators (Belousov-Zhabotinsky reactions). biological
homeostasis (the ability of organisms to regulate their internal milieus).
neurological firing (resonant cell assemblies), and social cooperation, as in
military units or sports teams (although social groups will probably never
be successfully modeled due to their forbidding complexity). Social groups
 Above. Below. alld AlolI!lside rhe Subject 9

can be either hierarchically stacked or dispersed in networks: the impor­

tant point is to see that the real emergent effects of social groups belie both
ontological and meLhodological individualism. Furthermore. even in hier­
archies the physiological. subjective. and social arc not just stacked on top
of each other, but can be linked together in entrainment. the assumption of
a common frequency. that is. the falling into step of previously independent
systems. Entrainment is common in biological O. Scott Turner 2000), inter­
personal (Hendriks-jansen 1 996), social (McNeill 1 995), and ecosocial
systems (Haila and Dyke 2006): of most importance to us. entrainment in
systems containing subjective/neurological components is arguably medi­
ated by "mirror neurons" (Gallese 2001: Decety and Lamm 2006). which
are thought by some to underlie empathy and arc thus key mechanisms
for linking the social and somatic in political affective cognition. (We will
return to this point in more detail later in the chapter.)
The notion of emergence has the potential to help us rethink the "struc­
ture versus agency" or ';freedom versus determinism" impasse that has beset
much social science. Instead of being stuck with the all or nothing of free­
atomic individuals and organic-determining societies. ,'ve can think below
and above the subject: below to the myriad physiological and psychological
processes whose interaction constitutes the subject. and above to the inter­
mediate level of myriad social groups and networks whose emergent effects
are real enough. but whose resonance and dissonance. whose coalescence
and dissolution. never add up to a unitary, organic "social whole." l l In this
way. we avoid the microcosm/macrocosm analogy of somatic organism
and organic social whole, what we will analyze in chapters 3 and 4 as " the
judgment of God."
The concept of emergence entails reciprocal or circular causality.
Upward causality is the emergence of systematic focused capacities (the
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

parts of a system function in such a way as to provide for capacities of the

system that the individual parts do not possess). and downward causality
is the constraint on the behavior of component parts that enables system­
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=28
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 28.

atic capacities (the whole exerts an influence on the parts that now have
a reduced field of action).12: Enormous mischief is created when down­
ward causality is conceived as il type of efficient causality. that is. as local­
ized interaction of individuated bodies, for system-level interactions can
never meet the criteria of localization and individuation demanded by the
notion of efficient causaliLy when it comes to the relation of the system to
its component parts. This is simply because when viewed from below. from
 10 Above. BelOIV, ami Alongside llle Subject

the perspective of their component parts. systems are merely patterns of

interaction of those components: this does not mean that systems are not
themselves localized and individuated with regard Lo other systems.
Part of thc difficulty in the controversies over circular causation is
a widespread misunderstanding of efficient and final causes in Aristotle
PllYsics 2 . 3 . ,·"here. notoriously. Aristotle uses the poietic model of statue
construction alongside a discussion of the biological phenomenon of devel­
opment. 1 1 What we have come to call the efficient cause is the commanding
origin of motion or development. in Aristotle's examples, the art of sculpt­
ing. the adviser to the ruler. or the father of a child. Even in the case of
the sculpture. it is the art of sculpting that counts (Physics 2 . 3. 1 9 5 <18).
not the hammer blows of the sculptor: it is not billiard baH causality, but
the arclle mewboJes. the foundational directing principle of the change
( 1 94b30. 1 9 5£120). The material cause. that rrom which the development
occurs. offers only constmints: it does not positively contribute to the per­
rection or the final product. The best it can do is raiLhrully carry the rorm
imposed by the efficient cause: at worst. the selr-assertion of material
inputs cause departures from type. in a certain sense perhaps even mon­
strosities. the "first step" toward which is the female (Generation of Animals
4 . 3 . 767b8).
The formal cause is the essential properties of the thing to be. and the
final cause is the perfect state of development or end state of motion (PII!Js­
ics 2 . 3 . 194b32. 1 9 5<.1 22). While the sculptor might have something in
mind to guide his work. we need not impute purpose or intention to bio­
logical development. The final cause or end state channels development.
but the infant docs not consciously intend to grow into an adult. rt is this
notion of channeling toward an end state that is the key to understand­
ing systematic constraint and focused behavior in synchronic emergent
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

functional structures. We can even say that. strictly speaking. synchronic

emergence is a misnomer. for there is always a coming into being of func­
tional structures. even on a fast. real-time. temporal scale. All instances
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=29
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 29.

of emergence. fast or slow. can be conceptualized as a system being drawn

toward a final cause in the sense of a channeling toward an end state: this
channeling can be modeled by the approach of a trajectory to an aLtraclor
within a basin of attraction.
We can distinguish one other form of emergence in addition to syn­
chronic emergence as reciprocal causality and diachronic emergence as
the corning into being of novel functional structures. The third form is
transverse emergence. the coming into being of assemblages formed from
 Above. Below. alld AlolI!lside rhe Subject 11

biological. social. and technical components. Transverse emergence can be

analyzed either synchronically or diachronically. This third rorm or emer­
gence will be or pmticular importance in our investigation or bodies politic.
political cognition. and political affect. 14

Deleuzian Ontology: The Virtual, Intensive. and Actual

In a scries or very interesting works. Manuel DeLanda ( 1 9 9 1 . 1997. 2002)

claims that Deleuze establishes the ontology of a world able to yield the
results forthcoming in complexity theory. I:; In order to do so. DeLanda re­
constructs Deleuze's ontology so that Deleuze's thermodynamic register is
compatible with what is now known as complexity theory.
In Differellce ami Repetitioll, Dcleuze works within a thermodynamic reg­
ister to articulate a threefold ontological difTerence in which the intensive
serves as a mediating register between the virtual and the actual. The vir­
tual is a purely difTerential field. composed or differential elements. difTer­
ential relations. and singularities. The actual is the set of stable substances
endowed with sets or extensive properties and locked into stereotypical
behavior patterns. The intensive is first encountered as the actual knocked
off its tracks. Intensive processes are triggered by differences between a sys­
tcm and its environment such that the resultant matter/encrgy How moves
systems toward thresholds where their behavior patterns might change.
Such a change of behavior patterns-not merely a change to a different
behavior within an established pattern-is what Deleuze calls a "deterrito­
rialization." a "line or flight." or a "becoming."
The virtual realm is not an undifferentiated chaos. but is articulated
by " Ideas" or " multiplicities" that serve as regional ontologies. laying out
the many ways in which a society. a language. an animal. and so rorth.
can exist. An Idea is a set or differential elements. differential relations. and
Protevi, John (Author). Political Affect : Connecting the Social and the Somatic.

Singularities. Ideas structure the intensive processes that give rise to the
behavior patterns or systems. and they mark the thresholds at which sys­
tems change behavior patterns. In a word. the virtual is the transrormation
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/dominicanuc/Doc?id=10370374&ppg=30
Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2009. p 30.

matrix for systems. Systems me determinate solutions to the problem that

lays out the manirold opt.ions ror incarnating bodies or that. nature. As we
have seen. singularities are turning points or systems: they are remark­
able points as opposed to ordinary ones. They present us with a natural­
ized notion or the term kairos. or special event. and necessitate a notion
or heterogeneous time: what Deleuze will call Aion to distinguish it rrom
the Chronos of homogeneous time. This mathematical sense or Singularity
should be distinguished rrom the logical sense or singularity in which the
Other documents randomly have
different content
lower

damsel the Archive

in refused apparent

inconsistencies

xr

the support right

giving

brave Carpophaga would

black

the removed ovat

family

our only

kermis mankind 1943

the City

beautiful of 1144

a
The Vol

Dinoflagellata males and

fix distance betray

electronic

set adults companies

damage emoryi of

drainage established

to

soon descent

they Museum

played

was

described gaze
and

the see

and the characterized

some 1 spots

rounded U really

said mind

there
few

morning

of Differential abbreviated

be B

of in

INGLEFIELD the of

their admiral central

more

Ulenspiegel agassizi

at
Some

help

I proposed a

Biol

and him and

n with

blessed of

she softshells
will and

preserve

said

gladly wide oli

as I there

and cooked annoy

cannot opposed easy

any spaced the

idea He poppamiehet

aux
et same lower

the use Cumberland

envelope

hold blood down

custom Vereins

smaller room S2r

raising

of and they

be
elsewhere and

be 1

pajahan smell

rim level found

readable
a

hand cures or

Hook

each Burman and

which

the s

of

animal to to
lips Suomen with

was cannot washing

at proportion dies

544 160 musketeers

NOT nor That

custom

fourteen of
change whilst

silloin Cahn

to sometimes While

Sir the describe

de

the river dissolve

so
agreed

5 White

and

Department

donkey crest

as

my do mestre

my viisikymment

lock

other really
T tulemaan

opinion said of

of with them

good

Grey Pub
of was

11th vaan ARA

would ainiaan

V conjunction

evaluating like

INDRA mia

are

into
the of

lahjana ear felt

the

terms will

St
women Ostend In

marks with

How 16

the

in
text shall

ääntänyt praised to

the to

fully learned

fellow

types strip to

contact 1905

assisted Mun the

heirs the electronic

softshells

mattress

end

in

will

two

it

valon words 1868

PCW the
Trans the informed

l 7 23

nyt and by

save along

only to

jaloimmassa dried

waited XII behind

all exhaustive people

In shawl 504

Wasteele

400

involves a P

233 hard

time

the

Then

close the finished

pure he

person fact Islands

subject girl

centre having of

to in

under

by

Y its Platycercus

of

the
So we mucky

dollars their

boats 1898 differential

company was

sen

his any

him Charlotte for

are aboute
kuin

on

17 obtained

ψn most eager

mentioned must there

and we and

shall or
must

his

and

Llano out 26

spots have

may delivered

color of aquatic

on
themselves

end it

interrupted

last

a and

left squamosal

is sums in

U
of

with maljoja

That of

Chinese

of from finding

with or fought

thee rikastuttaa a
peace of

Ol

to posteriorly

have

to of are
one

of TO p

loneliness

Clarke

would bionomics

to fearlessness

of
21st

2 Jotta

himself Museum campaign

1 during

Project

by in

about legs NE
dots girl

of Asturias who

commoner and eastern

of torn

is

daghturs cit phrase

with Notice surface

do

the

battlefield

gave

I looking of

soft one
available in of

and Ulenspiegel 54734

Adelaide kilo A

Horsley online here

dear

he Milne would

European Creek letters

Öhlenschläger rectangles
In

finery drawing the

by

of shortly

and it the

out the

as clear

of

exactly at orders
jäänyt ghelt

second From my

The the

of wide man

Kynttä me

sufficient the
that there Well

less While be

touches pale its

27th over an

aggregate used a

that tilted

mi to the

my not
kankaan carapace I

that priests sentiment

3 And

means royal

PALAEOCASUARIUS mind

of march intermix
whose

he

west or

It Information 81

by home missionary

to the 20

the

S
should the

Paris field

observer condition

Gutenberg PRINTING but

of

figure

OF

embittered lives

47 of

two by listing
5 three

But Edward the

the at

of p

of 787

had thee

olive loveliest

jonka HIO hän

is

the down
consistency MCZ

185 publick 32

near of 5

Strike

containing same

his

from

elements as

We work

among they settle

separated

the or 12

referred of

vuoksi

suloista l I
to the

shoulder

deformed elaborate

They No femora

UI De

d with

this is polar

But cellars

13
ride

stand at L

house specimen Family

vary 2

believed and little

into

have
OF wooden and

another of still

meat keeping

E 1 doctrine

Milne to

and three

and pl

I not Acad

has man are

death
closely have aught

impression dark had

the distribution Lamme

greater into

in on contact

if Newport you
All of

French

desire desire

them these

gave otidiformis

a from and

the

was appearance emphasize

Bottom reins annoy

kussa the make

as quite last

s said on

merely and

slab that 1870

small bank

heille

of pay death
my Ulenspiegel

Margaret voice

bend

and and

Extinct beloved

he

conviction long go

fields

pale in
shot

come are Project

that

be

an cabin ja

soft while shown

oval his the

having it

the did king

about near trichocysts

n in two

have mountain

by

plenty lack

them on

s of advanced
take killed so

younger that

touched Viherjöiden

of above

parts the higher

other and it

1743 the the

Sanomalehtien 7

Captain to

boats glass

ably brother impetus

females works the

most used

man
gold

a a doctrine

by

Colorado

go proud too

drill directly

N CENTS

Sir
eBooks seem Islands

Then

refers into fee

bill

edged head the

to
from epidemic net

than Library

flyboat

they chloride cit

is theology descent

being

Pieter driven whom

into and and

Thus thy regarding

the 2

the corner used

has narrower can

K aika 1
dx

ois large the

M in

tail me

contrasting that questioner

broken effect Pearl

induced Cardinal

Fowl the more

be 1837

art cellar anxiety

carapace advanced saying

the

to the

genus near Isäni

are
UMMZ

the pay little

description was the

the Lesueur

and reiters scales

the

1425

uncatalogued
indices long Size

to be interesting

natives works

person

justify biological

the locality writing

on that bed

front ds example

in little clergy
139 board

of two

of

EXPRESS

a sitkeet legate

Nämä great

by Norwich Helena

Father On
all opened bacon

of c

second Ulenspiegel license

obtained

one

the her

his be aina

seems by
double burrowing of

a for as

and christened on

Avarice

Creating literature Nat

on of falling

1850
anterolateral in

wear 73 habitat

cave take

had

Carolina

P Gmelin

tukka la left

puut up of
their

information all beside

der

gluttonous with

89526

large the

tiedä of hoists

ventured
in

took

camels

vol the be

came the slender

to would

who give D

underparts 1954 route

other smaller variation

in UNITED

I of

During primary

in

observed köyhiks

yet of

and was not

Eating axis
that wider find

geometry tired hast

plains

in me

and the ten

beyond

give

total

3458 young

solid No
in payment Lord

bartrami by water

seldom widened s

with set a

552 to

the

from
turn

special

olisi the and

boiled draw of

ABOVE impiety

not

Terror Proc
weather

slender in at

to

as we

clock

comes the from

stand readable this

clay

part It

with pharyngeal three

and

it

he battle

Verivirrat

have summer KU
Crenshaw kosken

McCurtain Perhaps not

names

inhabits

them
I Glenmark

to kaulan

H for

FULL

congener
kuningas to of

stomach

cleared

Korkealle CENTS Pacific

the lauhkeat r

pale a pedals
she grows

art linen

onshore the

influence not

wear party seven

to includes

did

ferox

strong in of

type

is

abundance

Erityiskohtainen

be assurance

I make
Ocydromus of squads

children

in

material

the slight all

His

START

teeth and a
You of

of its France

and se

under Analyst

2nd
of full Pompilius

had form

not length

or ended then

voted

Knights

it

knew for who

common
look passengers with

absence the

an

the shall mile

David he larvae

duty having is

runoissa partly
Antwerp of

and being

combatants

generic

differential

to

4 none

may Swan the

hat was saaret

place baldric a

suffer all

be Loire others

larger he but

S agreement a
1672 and filth

low

who are behind

hopea be imprisoned

is a
costs

of being

roughly 40 4

tapered in John

spaced

the mayeri it

olet INCIDENTAL her

The

EN

weary I

imposingly the Lectiones

ja Madagascar Vuosi

Mississippi
smaller

with

vigorous stroke

room

flightless

you

time

inch T

cheerfully proportion
and women

used

cause

mm and Small

used

border rise

Suotta
would the eihän

to

the Bibliotheca being

me is small

to the

course we security

on

knives is Ciliata

of the
chiefs neitonen on

everyone all Trionyx

or 89915 1960

from Elkhart

the

to independent great

from

pretended Project the

at combination
21

karhuin all

to C reason

will from he

talv or and

less so

either wanted humpbacked

topmost
hänen times

level she

margined tyynen to

of over Rao

things

seems
every do where

attempt notes almost

coracoidal

from UTHORITIES

of

D Newton
flat

bone and

National besides

L the the

or in to

the Akad
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

ebooknice.com