FILIPINO CULTURAL

CHARACTERISTIC OF
HEALTH CARE BELIEFS
Mam Aida V. Garcia
HEALTH EDUCATION

h
ex. Filipino characteristic -
“Hiya”
> Scenario: After h. teaching,
learners are silent & NOT
asking question

WHY? d/t “hiya” / shame

> While h. educator thought
that that learners are SILENT
bec. they understand the topic
ex. Filipino characteristic -
“Respectful”
> SCENARIO 2 - After skills
instruction about menstrual
hygiene “use of menstrual
Cup” - Teens are confused
but DID not ask question

WHY? D/t: Respect, prevent

to offend someone
FILIPINO CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

Knowledge of cultural customs

enables health care providers offer
better care & avoid
misunderstandings
FILIPINO CULTURAL
CHARACTERISTICS
“MANO PO” - A GESTURE OF RESPECT

The child performing “mano po”

(a gesture of respect where a
younger person takes an elder’s
hand and places it on their
forehead) symbolizes the deep
respect for elders in Filipino
culture.
FILIPINO CULTURAL
CHARACTERISTICS
BAYANIHAN OR WORKING TOGETHER
The image of people helping
and distributing goods
illustrates the Filipino value
of bayanihan, or working
together as a community,
especially during difficult
times.
FILIPINO CULTURAL
CHARACTERISTICS
“MASAYAHIN” (CHEERFUL NATURE)
The smiling and happy
children show the Filipino
trait of being cheerful and
finding joy even in simple
things, a reflection of
“masayahin” (cheerful
nature)
Cultural Sensitivity in Nursing Practice
Nurses must understand cultural meanings of health,
illness, caring, & healing
Be aware of how diff. cultural grps:
View life processes - ex. illness - d/t spirits, fate
Maintain wellness -ex. massages (hilot), hospitals
Explain causes of illness - ex. usog, virus
Use traditional healers & practices - ex. albularyo,
doctor
Cultural Sensitivity in Nursing Practice

Recognize how own cultural background

affects the care nurses provide
Self-awareness of personal beliefs & biases is
essential for delivering respectful, effective, &
culturally appropriate care
PURNELL’S
Cultural Concept
PURNELL’S Purnell framework
Cultural Concept Primary characteristics of culture:
🠶 Nationality
🠶 Race
🠶 Color
🠶 Gender
🠶 Age
🠶 Religious affiliation
PURNELL’S Secondary Characteristics of
Cultural Concept culture:
🠶 SES(Socio Economic Status)
🠶 Physical characteristics
🠶 Educational status
🠶 Occupational status
🠶 Place of residence (urban and
rural)
PURNELL’S Purnell model depicted in a
Cultural Concept circle:
🠶 Global society - outermost
🠶 Community - 2nd sphere
🠶 Family – 3rd sphere
🠶 Individual – 4th sphere
 Culture PURNELL’S

Refers to the learned patterns of behavior, beliefs, values, &

practices shared by a grp & passed down through
generations

It includes ways of life, social norms, institutions, & how

people interpret & interact w/ the world

It shapes a grp's worldview, decision-making, & defines the

attitudes, goals, & practices of communities or org.
 PURNELL’S

Ethnic Group
Often considered a subculture, refers to a population
that has distinct experiences, cultural expressions &
identities differing from dominant culture. The term
ethnic is used to categorize people based on shared
cultural traits such as racial, national, tribal, religious,
linguistic, or cultural origins
 PURNELL’S

Cultural diversity
Refers to a system that acknowledges, respects, &
values the coexistence of different cultural grps w/in
a society, also known as multiculturalism

The variety of culture that exist in a society

 PURNELL’S
Cultural Competence
It refers to behaviors that reflect the integrated
application of knowledge, professional judgment,
practical skills, core values, & appropriate attitudes
 PURNELL’S
Cultural awareness
It involves understanding and recognizing differences in
attitudes, values, & behaviors bet. oneself & people from
other cultures, as well as appreciating external signs of
diversity, such as art, music, dress, & physical features, in
other ethnic grps
 Assimilation
It is the ability of individuals or grps from
diff. ethnic backgrounds to adopt &
incorporate the characteristics of the
prevailing culture, often at the cost of
losing their original cultural identity
 Acculturation
It is the willingness to adapt or modify one's own culture
due to contact with another culture, involving how an
individual adopts, learns, and adjusts to a new cultural
environment, whether by entering a new culture or when
exposed to one.
 Cultural relativism
The belief that people’s behaviors & practices should be
understood & evaluated w/in the context of their own cultural
system, based on that culture’s values, norms, & standards
rather than those of another culture
 Ethnocentrism
The tendency to believe that one's own way of thinking, acting,
& believing is the only correct way, often accompanied by the
attitude that one's own group, ethnicity, or nationality is
superior to others.
 Ideology
social needs desires of an individual or ethnocultural
group. It seeks not only to explain the world but also to
influence or change it.
Examples include the ideology of collectivism and the
ideology of individualism
 Subculture
A grp w/in a larger culture or society that shares its own
distinct values, beliefs, behaviors, or interests, which set it
apart from the dominant culture.
 "Transcultural"
"Transcultural" refers to something that exists or
applies across multiple cultures, encompassing broad
range of human cultures
 PURNELL’S
Worldview
.
Worldview is a comprehensive framework of beliefs, values, &
assumptions that an indv or society uses to understand &
interpret the world
 PURNELL’S
.

19 ASSUMPTIONS
 PURNELL’S 19 assumptions
• One culture is not better than another- they are
different
• The primary & secondary characteristics
. of
culture determine the degree to which one varies from
dominant culture
• Culture has a powerful influence on one’s interpretation of
& response to health care
• Every individual has the right to be respected for his
own uniqueness & cultural heritage
 PURNELL’S 19 assumptions
prejudices or biases can be minimized with cultura
understanding
• caregivers who are intervene. in culturally competen
manner improve the care of patients and their helath outcome
• cultural differences often require adaptations to standard
professional practices
GENERAL AREAS TO ASSESS
WHEN FIRST MEETING WITH
.

PATIENT
 🠶 the patients perception of health and Illness
🠶 His or her traditional remedies and folk
practitioner
🠶 the patient perception of nurses
🠶 his or her beliefs about the role of family and
family relationship
🠶 his or her perceptions of and need of
emotional support
QUESTIONS TO BE USED TO
UNDERSTAND
.

PT PERSPECTIVE OF HEALTH
🠶 what do you think caused your
problems?
🠶 why do you think the problems started
,when it did?
🠶 which major problems does your illness
cause you?
🠶 how has being sick affected you?
🠶 how severe do you think your illness is?
Do you see it having a short or long term
course?
🠶 What kind of treatment do you receive?
🠶 what are the most importnat result you
hope
to obtain form your treatment
🠶 what do you fear most about your illness?
Cultural Care Theory
(Madeleine Leininger)
 WHAT IS CULTURAL CARE THEORY?
(MADELEINE LEININGER)
Transcultural Nursing
The theory aims to provide culturally congruent nursing care
through:
Comparative Cultural Care - A comparative study of
values, beliefs & practices of indvs or grps of similar or diff.
cultures. Understands their health needs, illness &
treatment
Cultural Sensitivity - give appropriate care based on
person’s beliefs
Culturally Congruent Care - offer support, help, decisions
tailored to unique culture of pt.
CULTURAL CARE THEORY

Cognitively based assistive, supportive, facilitative,

or enabling acts or decisions that are mostly tailor-
made to fit with individual's, group's, or institution's
cultural values, beliefs, and life-ways".
FILIPINOS HEALTH
PRACTICES AND BELIEFS
FILIPINOS HEALTH
PRACTICES AND SELF-MEDICATION -
BELIEFS over the counter drugs

Traditional Healing HOME REMEDIES -

Techniques – albularyo
chinese oils or
(Folk healers)
ointments
FILIPINOS HEALTH
PRACTICES AND CONCEPT OF WIND ILLNESSES –
VENTOSA TECHNIQUE (TO TREAT
BELIEFS KABAG)

LAYING OF HANDS BLESSING OF HOLY

WATER OR OIL
FILIPINOS HEALTH
PRACTICES AND
BELIEFS

PSYCHIC SURGERY •SPIRITUAL HEALING

 8 CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINO
HOSPITALITY RESPECT
Acknowledging and
Extending a warm welcome and
valuing the intrinsic
a sense of belonging to visitors.
Both lodging and food are dignity and worth of
generously provided. Greetings people, as well as their
with smiles and offers of limits, opinions, and
assistance make visitors feel at viewpoints.
ease.
 8 CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINO
STRONG FAMILY TIES AND Caring and love are also
RELIGIONS FREQUENTLY
characteristics of Filipinos,
SUPPORT ONE ANOTHER.
RELIGIOUS TEACHINGS USUALLY
especially when it comes
EMPHASISE THE VALUE OF to our loved ones. Because
FAMILY, AND MANY RELIGIONS we value them more than
ENCOURAGE we value ourselves, we will
INTERGENERATIONAL give up everything we have
RELATIONSHIPS, FAMILY to provide all of their
LOYALTY, AND SUPPORT. needs.
8 CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINO

GENEROSITY AND HELPFULNESS

Filipinos are renowned for their generosity,
lending support to friends, family, and even
complete strangers, particularly during festive
occasions or times of need. This is frequently
observed in acts of kindness, acts of generosity,
and community support.
8 CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINO

STRONG WORK ETHIC

Filipinos are renowned for having a strong work
ethic that is based on their values of resilience,
family, and community and is characterised by
effort, perseverance, and a commitment to
excellence. They value cooperation and
teamwork and are hard-working and flexible.
8 CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINO
FATALISM
“Come what may” or the word "bahala na", which is
frequently used, denotes a belief in divine providence and
a willingness to accept circumstances that are out of
one's control.
"Bahala na" can also signify a firm belief in God's purpose
& a resolve to do one's best while believing that the rest is
in His hands, even though it is sometimes interpreted as
passivity.
8 CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINO
CRAB MENTALITY
A mindset that is frequently based on insecurity or a
scarcity mindset and characterises people purposefully
impeding the success or advancement of others out of
fear, jealousy, or a conviction that there is a finite
quantity of success.
 GUIDELINES USED
REGARDLESS OF CULTURE
🠶 Identify pt primary language. Assess ability to
understand, read & speak the language of nurse

🠶 Observe interaction between the pt & his fam

🠶 Listen to pt. find out what the pt want differs from

what the family wants & how they differ from what
you think is appropriate
🠶 consider the pt communication abilities & pattern

🠶 observe behavior and clarify beliefs & practices

that may interfere with the treatment plan

🠶 become oriented to individual & fam sense of

time & time frame
 determine which communication
approaches are appropriate w/
respect

assess religious practices & determine

how his or her religous belief influence
perceptions of illness & treatment
 REFERENCE:
Health Professional as Educator: Principles of
Teaching and Learning, edited by Susan B. Bastable