1 ALTERNATING CURRENT

EXERCISE – 2: Previous Year Question

1
After t  s
1. The A transformer has 500 primary turns and 10 720
secondary turns. If the secondary has a resistive load
V  120 2 sin 2f t
of 15 Ω, the currents in the primary and secondary
respectively, are  1 
 120 2 sin  2  60  
 720 
[UP CPMT 2011]
 1
-3
(a) 0.16 A, 3.2 × 10 A  120 2 sin  120 2 
6 2
(b) 3.2 × 10-3A, 0.16 A
 60 2  84.8 V
(c) 0.16 A, 0.16 A
(d) 3.2 × 10-3A, 3.2 × 10-3A 4. Alternating current is transmitted at far off places
Ans. (b) [JCECE 2011]
(a) at high voltage and low current
Ns ip 10 i p
Sol. We have,    (b) at high voltage and high current
N p is 500 is
(c) at low voltage and low current
ip 1
   is  50i p (d) at low voltage and high current
is 50
Ans. (a)
This condition is satisfied only when current in Sol. Alternating current is transmitted at far off places at
primary is 3.2 × 10-3 A and in secondary 0.16 A. high voltage and low current.
5. In the circuit shown below, what will be the readings
2. In an AC circuit, V and I are given by V =150 sin of the voltmeter and ammeter? (Total impedance of
 circuit, Z = 100 Ω)
(150t) volt and I  150sin(150t  ) ampere.
3 [JCECE 2012]
The power dissipated in the circuit is
[KCET 2011]
(a) 106 W (b) 150 W
(c) 5625 W (d) Zero
Ans. (c)
Sol. Given, V = 150 sin (150t)volt and I = 150 sin(150t +
/3) ampere (a) 200 V, 1 A (b) 800 V, 2 A
(c) 100 V, 2 A (d) 220 V, 2.2 A
 I0 = 150 A and V0 = 150 V
Ans. (d)
1
Power, P  V0 I0 cos  Sol. Given, impedance, Z = 100 Ω
2
Frequency, f = 50 Hz
 0.5 150 150  cos 60
and voltage, V = 220 V.
 5625 W
Voltmeter reading,
3. An AC source is 120 V- 60 Hz. The value of voltage
Va  VR2   VL  VC 
2
after (1/720) s from start will be [BCECE 2011]
(a) 20.2 V (b) 42.4 V But VR = V and VL = VC
(c) 84.8 V (d) 106.8 V  Va = 220V
Ans. (c)
220
Ammeter reading, Ia   2.2 A
Sol. V  V0 sin t  V  Vrms 2 sin t 100
ALTERNATING CURRENT 2

6. In an AC circuit, an alternating voltage 1

(c) 1 (d) 
e  200 2 sin100t volt is connected to a capacitor of 2
capacity 1µF. The rms value of the current in the Ans. (a)
circuit is Sol. In DC circuits, f = 0
[CBSE AIPMT 2012]
1 1
(a) 100 mA (b) 200 mA XC   XC   
2  0  C 0
(c) 20 mA (d) 10 mA
Ans. (c) So, the effective resistance will be infinite.
9. An L-C-R series circuit is under resonance. If Im is
Sol. Given, e  200 2 sin100t,
current amplitude, Vm is voltage amplitude, R is the
C = 1 F resistance, Z is the impedance, XL is the inductive
reactance and XC is the capacitive reactance, then
E0 200 2
 E rms    200V [J&K CET 2012]
2 2
Vm Vm
And  = 100 rad/s (a) I m  (b) I m 
Z XL
1
 XC  Vm Vm
C (c) I m  (d) I m 
1 XC R
  104 
1 10 6  100 Ans. (a)
E rms Vm
 i rms  Sol. Here, I m  is true
XC Z
200
  2  102 A  XL  XC 
2
Where, Z   R2
104
 20 mA 10. In the case of an inductor
7. An AC voltage is applied to a resistance R and an [J&K CET 2012]
inductor L in series. If R and the inductive reactance (a) voltage lags the current by π/2
are both equal to 3 Ω, the phase difference (in rad) (b) voltage leads the current by π/2
between the applied voltage and the current in the (c) voltage leads the current by π/3
circuit is (d) voltage leads the current by π/4
[CBSE AIPMT 2012] Ans. (b)
(a) π /4 (b) π/2 
(c) zero (d) π/6 Sol. In case of an inductor voltage leads the current by .
2
Ans. (a) 11. When an AC voltage is applied to an L-C-R circuit,
X L which of the following is true?
Sol. tan   L 
R R [DUMET 2012]
3 (a) I and V are out of phase with each other in R
 tan    tan   1
3 (b) I and V are in phase in L with in C, they are out
   tan 1 1 of phase
   45 (c) I and V are out of phase in both, C and L
(d) I and V are out of phase in L and in phase in C

   rad Ans. (c)
4
8. The capacity of a pure capacitor is 1F. In DC circuits, Sol. I and V are out of the phase in both, C and L is true.
its effective resistance will be 12. In the series L-C-R circuit shown, the impedance is
[AFMC 2012] [KCET 2012]
(a) Infinite (b) Zero
3 ALTERNATING CURRENT

primary. The voltage developed in the secondary

would be
[UP CPMT 2012]
(a) 3 V (b) 0.75 V
(c) 1.5 V (d) zero
Ans. (d)
Sol. Transformer is an AC device, which work on varying
voltage, but Leclanché cell is a DC source with fixed
voltage or emf. So, there is no voltage developed
(a) 200  (b) 100  across secondary, i.e. it is zero.
(c) 300  (d) 500 
Ans. (d) 15. A transformer works on the principle of
 50  [NEET 2012]
Sol. X L  2fL  2   1  100
   (a) self-induction
(b) electrical inertia
1 1
XC   (c) mutual induction
2fC  50 
2   20  106 (d) magnetic effect of the electrical current
  
Ans. (c)
 500 
Sol. A transformer works on the principle of mutual
Impedance Z  R 2   X C  X L 
2
induction.

 300    400 
2 2

16. A coil of self-inductance L is connected in series
 500  with a bulb B and AC source. Brightness of the bulb
13. A transformer of 100% efficiency has 200 turns in decreases when
the primary and 40000 turns in secondary. It is [NEET 2013]
connected to a 220 V main supply and secondary (a) frequency of the AC source is decreased
feeds to a 100 kΩ resistance. The potential difference
(b) number of turns in the coil is reduced
per turn is
(c) a capacitance of reactance XC = XL is included in
[AIIMS 2012]
the same circuit
(a) 1.1 V (b) 25 V
(d) an iron rod is inserted in the coil
(c) 18 V (d) 11V
Ans. (d)
Ans. (a)
As Z  R 2  X L2  R 2   2fL 
2
Sol. From transformer ratio Sol.
Vs N s V
 And I  , P  I2 R
Vp N p Z
Vp  N s i.e. with insertion of iron rod L
 Vs 
Np  Z, I and P
220  40000 17. For high frequency L C- circuit, the maximum charge
  44000 V
200 on the capacitor is Q. The charge on the capacitor,
Potential difference per turn is when the energy is stored equally between the
Vs 44000 electric and magnetic fields is
  1.1V
N s 40000 [Manipal 2013]

14. In a step-up transformer, the turns ratio is 1 : 2. A (a) Q/2 (b) Q / 2

Leclanché cell (emf = 15. V) is connected across the (c) Q / 3 (d) Q/3
ALTERNATING CURRENT 4

Ans. (b) Ans. (a)

Sol. Energy stored in a capacitor of capacitance C, charge Sol. Given, average power, P  2W,
Q is
irms = 2A
1 Q2 and impedance, Z = 1 Ω.
U
2 C
Power factor,  cos    ?
Since, energy is stored equally between electric and
magnetic fields, We know that P  Vrms  i rms .cos 
11 Q  2
E    P  i2rms Z.cos   Vrms  irms .Z
22 C 
P 2
Q '2 1 Q 2 Q cos   
Now,  .  Q'  i .Z  2 2  1
2
rms
2C 2 2C 2
2 1
18. Which quantity is increased in step-down    0.5
4 2
transformer?
21. A hot wire ammeter reads 10 A in an AC circuit. The
[UP CPMT 2013]
peak value of the current will be
(a) Current (b) Voltage [KCET 2014]
(c) Power (d) Frequency
3 10
Ans. (a) (a) A (b) A
 2
Sol. In step-down transformer, voltage decreases and
corresponding current increases. (c) 10 2 A (d) 6 A
19. In L-C-R series circuit, an alternating emf e and Ans. (c)
current i are given by the equations e = 100 sin Sol. The reading of hot wire ammeter or rms value of
(100t) volt. current,
  Irms = 10 A
i  100sin 100t   mA
 3 The peak value of the current is given by
The average power dissipated in the circuit will be
I0  2  Irms  2 10  10 2 A
[MHT CET 2014]
22. A resistance R draws power P when connected to an
(a) 100 W (b) 10 W AC source. If an inductance is now placed in series
(c) 50 W (d) 2.5 W with the resistance, such that the impedance of the
Ans. (d) circuit becomes Z the power drawn will be
[AIPMT 2015]
Sol. Average power
E0 I0 R R
Pav  E V I V cos   . cos  (a) P   (b) P
2 2 Z Z
100V 100  10 3 A  (c) P(R/Z)2 (d) P
  cos
2 2 3 Ans. (a)
100  100 1 Sol. When a resistor is connected to an AC source. The
  103   2.5 W
2 2 power drawn will be of
20. The average power dissipated in AC circuit is 2 W. If Vrms
a current flowing through a circuit is 2 A, impedance P  Vrms .I rms  Vrms .
R
is 1Ω, then what is the power factor of the circuit?
 Vrms
2
 PR
[KCET 2014]
When an inductor is connected in series with the
(a) 0.5 (b) 1
resistor, then the power drawn will be
1
(c) zero (d) P '  Vrms .I rms cos 
2
5 ALTERNATING CURRENT

where,   phase difference

2
Vrms R P.R R
 P '  .  .
R Z R Z
P.R R
 P'   P 
Z Z
23. A 15.0 µF capacitor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz
source. The capacitive reactance is
 VL  VC 
2
[AIIMS 2014] So, VS   VR2
(a) 220  (b) 215 
 60  30    40 
2 2

(c) 212  (d) 204 
 30    40 
2 2
Ans. (c) 
Sol. The capacitive reactance is  900  1600  2500
1  50 V
XC 
2vC 25. The A series L-C-R circuit contains inductance 5
1 mH, capacitance 2µFand resistance 10 Ω. If a

2  50Hz  15.0  106 F  frequency AC source is varied, then what is the
 212.3 frequency at which maximum power is dissipated?
 212 [KCET 2014]
5 5
24. In an L-C-R series circuit, the potential difference 10 10
(a) Hz (b) Hz
between the terminals of the inductance is 60 V,  
between the terminals of the capacitor is 30 V and 2 5
that across the resistance is 40 V. Then, the supply (c)  105 Hz (d)  103 Hz
 
voltage will be equal to
Ans. (d)
[UK PMT 2014]
Sol. We know that, Resonant frequency is given by
(a) 10 V (b) 50 V
(c) 70 V (d) 130 V 1
f0 
Ans. (b) 2 LC

Sol. Given, VL = 60 V, VC = 30 V, Where, L  5  10 3 H

VR = 40 V And C  2  10 6 F
According to L-C-R series circuit, we know that
1
 f0 
2 5 10  2  106 3

1 1
 
2 10 8 2  104
104 5
 Hz   103 Hz
2 
In phasor diagram, VC and VL are in anti-phase to 26. A transformer having efficiency of 90% is working
each other due to their 90° leading and lagging on 200V and 3 kW power supply. If the current in the
relationship with the circuit current IS . secondary coil is 6 A, then the voltage across the
secondary coil and the current in the primary coil
respectively, are
[CBSE AIPMT 2014]
(a) 300 V, 15 A (b) 450 V, 15 A
(c) 450 V, 13.5 A (d) 600 V, 15 A
Ans. (b)
ALTERNATING CURRENT 6

Sol. Initial power = 3 kW = 3000 W As efficiency is 90%, Np = number of turns is primary coil
then final power and Ns = number of turns in secondary coil.
90 Given, Ns = 50 turns, Np = 1000 turns
 3000   2700 W
100 Vp = 220 V, Is = ?
 V1I1 = 3000 W …(i) 50 V
 s
 V2I2 = 2700 W …(ii) 1000 220
2700 900 50  220
So, V2    450 V  Vs   11V
6 2 1000
But VsIs = VpIp
3000
And I1   15 A  11 Is  220  1
200
27. A step-up transformer operates on a 230 V line and Is  220 / 11  20 A
supplies a current of 2 A. The ratio of primary and 29. An inductor 20 mH, a capacitor 50 µF and a resistor
secondary windings is 1 : 25. The primary current is 40Ω are connected in series across a source of emf V
[UK PMT 2014] = 10 sin 340 t. The power loss in AC circuit is
(a) 12.5 A (b) 50 A [NEET 2016]
(c) 8.8 A (d) 25 A (a) 0.67 W (b) 0.76 W
Ans. (b) (c) 0.89 W (d) 0.51 W
Sol. As we know that, for transformer, Ans. (d)
V1 I 2 N1 Sol. Given, inductance, L = 20 mH
 
V2 I1 N 2 Capacitance, C = 50 F
where, all the symbols have their usual meanings. Resistance, R = 40
(Suffix 1 is for primary and 2 is for the secondary) Emf, V = 10 sin 340 t
N1 1 2  Power loss in AC circuit will be given as
  
N 2 25 I 2 2
E   10 
where, I = primary side current. Pav  I 2V R   V  .R    .40
Z
   2
I = 50 A
 
28. A step-down transformer has 50 turns on secondary  
and 1000 turns on primary winding. If a transformer  1 
is connected to 220 V, 1 A AC source, then what is  2  1  
2

 40   340  20 10 
3
6  
output current of the transformer?   340  50 10  
[KCET 2014] 100 1
  40 
1600   6.8  58.8 
2
(a) (1/20)A (b) 20A 2
(c) 100 2A (d) 2A
2000
Ans. (b)   0.46 W  0.51W
1600  2704
Sol. We know that, 30. In a series R-C circuit shown in figure, the applied
Power in the secondary coil = Power in the primary voltage is 10 V and the voltage across capacitor is
coil found to be 8V. Then, the voltage across R and the
Vs  N p  Vp  N s phase difference between current and the applied
voltage will respectively be
N s Vs
  [AIIMS 2018]
N p Vp

where,
Vs = voltage across secondary coil,
Vp = voltage across primary coil,
7 ALTERNATING CURRENT

L1L 2 L.L L
L eg   
L1  L 2 L  L 2
Similarly,
Ceg  C1  C2  C  C  2C

 Resonance frequency
4
1  4
1
(a) 6V, tan   (b) 3V, tan   1 1
3  3 r  
L eg .Ceg L
5 .2C
(c) 6V, tan 1   (d) None of these 2
3
1 1
Ans. (a)  
LC LC
Sol. We know that, for series R-C circuit
32. A circuit when connected to an AC source of 12 V
V2  VC2  VR2 gives a current of 0.2 A. The same circuit when
connected to a DC source of 12 V, gives a current of
0.4 A. The circuit is
[NEET 2019]
(a) series L-R (b) series R-C
(c) series L-C (d) series L-C-R
100  64  VR2 Ans. (a)
 V  36  VR  36  6V
2
R
Sol. When the circuit is connected to AC source,

VC 8 Voltage, V = 12 V
Also, tan    tan  
VR 6 Current, I = 0 2. A
V 12
4  Impedance, Z    60
tan   I 0.2
3
4 When it is connected to DC source
   tan 1  
3 Voltage, V = 12
Thus, the power loss in the circuit is 0.79 W. Current, I = 0.4 A
31. Find resonance frequency in the given circuit  Resistance,
[JIPMER 2019] V 12
R   30
I 0.4
As in case of DC supply, the capacitor act as an open
circuit and no current flows through the circuit. So,
the given circuit will not have capacitor in series
combination. Therefore, the circuit should be a series
L-R circuit
N1 50
1 2 33. A transformer with turns ratio  is connected
(a) (b) N2 1
LC LC
to a 120 V AC supply. If primary and secondary
1 4 circuit resistances are 15. kΩ and 1Ω respectively,
(c) (d)
2 LC LC then find out power of output.
Ans. (a) [AIIMS 2019]
Sol. In the given circuit diagram, both inductors of (a) 5.76 W (b) 11.4 W
inductance L are parallel to each other, hence (c) 2.89 W (d) 7.56 W
Ans. (a)
ALTERNATING CURRENT 8

Sol. Given, turn ratio of a transformer, XL

tan  =
N1 50 R

N2 1
 N1  50N 2

N1 V1
Since, 
N 2 V2

120
50   V1  120  given  
V2 
12
 V2  V  X
5 tan = L
3 R
Output power at secondary coil,
Thus, for the original circuit,
V2
Ps  2  R 2  1  given   XL
R2 3=
2
R
 12 
  144 XL = R 3 = XC
  
5
1 25 XL = XC  (Z = R)
 5.76 W
R R
34. A series LCR circuit is connected to an AC voltage power factor = cos  = = =1
source. When L is removed from the circuit, the phase Z R

difference between current and voltage is . If
3
instead C is removed from the circuit, the phase

difference is again between current and voltage.
3
The power factor of the circuit is: [NEET 2020]
(a) 1.0 (b) – 1.0
(c) zero (d) 0.5
Ans. (a)
Sol. When inductor alone is removed, 35. A 40 F capacitor is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz ac
 supply. The rms value of the current in the circuit is,
 = nearly: [NEET 2020]
3 (a) 2.5 A (b) 25.1 A
XC (c) 1.7 A (d) 2.05 A
tan  = Ans. (a)
R
 XC Vrms 200
tan = = 3 Sol. I rms = = = 200. 2f.C
3 R z XC

Xc = R 3 = 200 × 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 40 ×10 6

Irms = 251.2×102  2.5A
36. An inductor of inductance L, a capacitor of
capacitance C and a resistor of resistance ‘R’ are
connected in series to an ac source of potential
difference ‘V’ volts as shown in figures.
Potential difference across L, C and R is 40 V, 10V
and 40V, respectively. The amplitude of current
When capacitor alone is removed, flowing through LCR series circuit is 10 2. The
impedance of the circuit is: [NEET 2021]
9 ALTERNATING CURRENT

Ans. (c)
Sol.  Vi Primary   Vi Secondary
220i  44
44 2
i   0.2A
220 10

39. The peak voltage of the ac source is equal to:

(a) 4 (b) 5 [NEET 2022]
5 (a) The value of voltage supplied to the circuit
(c) 4 2 (d) 
2 (b) The rms value of the ac source
Ans (b) (c) 2 times the rms value of the ac source
Sol. Vrms  30 2  40 2  50 1
(d) times the rms value of the ac source
2
10 2
I rms   10 Ans. (d)
2
V0
50 Sol. Vrms   V0  2Vrms
Z  5 2
10
37. A series LCR circuit containing 5.0 H inductor, 80μF Peak value of ac  2 times the rms value of ac
capacitor and 40 Ω resistor is connected to 230 V source.
variable frequency ac source. The angular frequencies 40. A series LCR circuit with inductance 10H,
of the source at which power transferred to the circuit capacitance 10 F , resistance 50 is connected to an
is half the power at the resonant angular frequency are
ac source of voltage V  200sin 100t  volt . If the
likely to be:
[NEET 2021] resonant frequency of the LCR circuit is v0 and the
frequency of the ac source is v, then:
(a) 46 rad/s and 54 rad/s
[NEET 2022]
(b) 42 rad/s and 58 rad/s
(a) v0  v  50 Hz
(c) 25 rad/s and 75 rad/s
50
(d) 50 rad/s and 25 rad/s (b) v0  v  Hz

Ans. (a)
 L 50
Sol. Q  (c) v0  Hz , v  50 Hz
 R 

R 50 100
     8 rad / sec (d) v0  100 Hz, v0  Hz
L 4 
Ans. (c)
1 1
0    50 rad / sec
V  200sin 100t 
LC 5  80  106 Sol.

   100
min  0   46 rad / sec
2  2 v  100
 50
max  0   54rad / sec v Hz
2 
38. A step down transformer connected to an ac mains For resonance
supply of 220 V is made to operate at 11 V, 44 W 1
lamp. Ignoring power losses in the transformer, what 2 v0 L 
is the current in the primary circuit? 2 v0 c
[NEET 2021] 1 1
v0   6
(a) 2A (b) 4A 2 Lc 2 10  10  10
(c) 0.2A (d) 0.4A
ALTERNATING CURRENT 10

102 50 es N s 2
v0   Hz Sol.  
20  ep Np 1
41. In a series LCR circuit, the inductance L is 10mH,
capacitance C is 1 F and resistance R is 100 . The
frequency at which resonance occurs is:
[NEET 2023]
(a) 15.9kH (b) 1.59rad / s
(c) 1.59 kHz (d) 15.9 rad/s 44. A 10F capacitor is connected to a 210 V, 50 Hz
Ans. (c) source as shown in figure. The peak current in the
circuit is nearly ( = 3.14):
Sol. L  10 103 H
[NEET 2024]
C  1106 F
R  100
At resonance X L  X C
1
L 
C
1 1
f    1.59kHz
2 LC 2 10 103 106
(a) 0.93 A (b) 1.20 A
42. The net impedance of circuit (as shown in figure) will
be: [NEET 2023] (c) 0.35 A (d) 0.58 A
Ans. (a)
1 1
Sol. Xc  
C 2 50 10 106
1000
Xc 

V  2  210
i 0  2  rms   0.93A
(a) 15 (b) 5 5  Xc   1000 
 
(c) 25 (d) 10 2   
Ans. (b)
50
Sol. XL   10 3  2  50  50
L
1
XC   10
103
2  50   10 6


Z  R2   X L  X C 
2

10    5   5 5
2 2

Np 1
43. In an ideal transformer, the turns ratio is  . The
Ns 2
ratio Vs : Vp is equal to (the symbols carry their usual
meaning): [NEET 2024]
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 1
(c) 1 : 4 (d) 1 : 2
Ans. (a)