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CHAPTER ‘VITI
ATION OF DISEASES“
WITH SPECIAL: REFERENCE
TO AVARAMAS

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GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE

TO AVARANAS

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CLASSIFICATION
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There are four types of diseases viz. exogenous,

vatika, paittika and slaismika. Pain being common to all,
diseases are (ultimately) of one type. They are again of two
types depending upon their nature, that is exogenous and

endogenous.(They are again of two types depending upon their

nature, that is exogenous and endogenous.) They are again of
two types somatic and psyenic- depending on the sites of their
manifestation viz. body and mind. Diseases are in fact inmumer~
able inasmuch ae the immediate causes, (dhatus afflicted, signs
and symptoms), distant causes (like improper diet and regimen),
and permutation and combination of various fractions of dosas
are innumerable (5u.20:3).

GENERAL AETIOLOGICAL FACTORS

The exogenous diseases are caused by nails, teeth,

fall, spell, curse, psychic afflictions including demoniac
seizure, assult, piercing, bandage, rapping, application of
pressure, binding by rope, fire, weapon, thunder polt, natural
calamaties etc. Lndogenous diseases are caused by the disturbance
in the equilibrium of Vata,Pitta and Kapha.
 QUR_AETI OLOGICAL FACTORS BASIS OF ALL DISEASES

Unwholesome contacts between the sense organ® and

their objects, intellectual blasphemy and effects of time
constitute the common causative factors for both the exogenous
and endogenous types of diseasea(Su.20:5). All these four
types of diseases when aggravated do share the symptoms of
each other, Even then, the distinctive features of each one
of them too are clearly manifested to allow any confusion
(Su.20:6),

ROLE OF DOSAS IN Til PATHOGENESIS OF EXOGENOUS

AND ENDOGENOUS
DISEASES

The exogenous diseases begin with pain and then

they bring about the disturbance in the equilibrium of Dosas.
The endogenous diseases on the other hand with the disturbance
in the equilibrium of dosas and them bring about pain (Su.20.7).

TYPES OF DISEASES CAUSED BY DIFFERENT DOSAS

The entire body is in fact the abode of all the

three dosas viz. Vata, Pitta and Kapha and as such these
dosas bring about good and results according as they are in
normal and abnormal states respectively. When in a nomal
state, they bring about good results like growth, strength,
complexion, happiness, etc. When, in an abnormal state, they,
cause various types of diseases (Su. 20:9).
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Endogenous diseases are of two types viz. diseases

caused by Vata, Pitta and Kapha in general and the specific
diseases caused by the vitiation of the Vata, Pitta and
Kapha.

Charaka says that, the provoction of vata is due to

diminution of body elements or due to obstruction to its
nomal circulation caused by occlusion (i.e. obstructed,
etopped or shutoff) in the body channels. The vata, pitta and
‘kapha circulate through all the body channels and spaces.
The vata, on account of its quality of subtleness is really
the impeller of the other two dosas. When the vata is provoked,
it agitates the other two dosas and throwing them out here and
there, causes occlusion of the body channels, thereby producing
disorders, It also leads to the diminution of the body nutrient
fluid and other body elements (ch.28:60).

LAVOLVING Factors SYMPTOMS OBSERVED THEREON

Pitta - burning, thirst, colic, giddiness, darkness
of vision, heart burn on eating rangent,
acid, salt and hot things, craving for
cold (ch.28:61).

Kapha - cold, heaviness, colic, pronounced

homologation to pungent and similar article
craving for fasting, exertion and dry up
hot things (ch.28:62).
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Blood - Severe burning pain in the area between the

skin and the flesh, and there will be oedema
with reddish tinge and rastes (Ch.28:63).
Flesh ~ Appearance of hard, pegmented mainoxpies and
swellings, horripilation and formication
(ch.26:64).

Adipose tissue- Local swelling will be produced, that are

movable, Smooth, soft and cold, as well as
anorexia. This condition is known as sheumatic
condition and is difficult to cure (eh.28:65).

Osseous tissue- Patient likes warmth and pressure, and he

becomes exhausted, experiences spletting pain
and feels as though his body is being priched
with needles (ch.28:66).

Marrow - There will be flexure of the body, pendicu-

lation, girdle pain and colicky pain, on

being pressed with the hand the patient gets
relief(ch.28:67).

Seminal passages- There results either no discharge of semen

of hurried discharge of it or a sterile
condition of the semen(ch.28:68).

Food - There will be pain in the stomach on

ingestion (ch.28:68).
Urine - There occurs retention of urine and

distension of bladder(ch.28:69).
FAECAL MATTER - There occurs abeolute retention of faces in
its own habitat, that is in the lower part
of the colon, and there will be griping pain
in the region; and where unctuous matter 18
ingested is immediately digested and on
ingestion of food, The person suffers from
increased distension of the abdomen, and
owing to the pressure of the food ingested,
the patient passes dry faces with difficulty
and after long delay. He is afflicted with
pain in the hips, groins and back and the
vata moves in a reverse derection (i.e. there
is mis-perestalsis); there is also disturbance
of the cardiac action (ch.28:70-71).«

Marrow - There will be dislocation, lockjaw, contracture

bunch-back, facial paralysis, hemiplegia,

atrophy of a part, paraplegia, arthrities,
atiffness, rkeumatic conditions. Vhese are
on account of their deep seated nature, may

or may not be cured even after careful

treatment. The physician should endeavour to
such cure such of these conditions as occur

is strong persons and as are of recent origin

and un-associated with any complication
(oh.28372-74).
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DISORDERS AND DISEASES (VIKARAS) CAUSLD BY VATA

(C$.5u.20:11).
1, nakhabheda cracking of nails
2. vipadika eracking of feet
3. padasula pain in foot
4. padabhramsa foot drop
5. padasuptata numbness of foot
6. vatakhuddata club foot
7. gulphagraha atiff ankle
8. pindikodvestana cramps in the calf
9. grphrasi sciatica
10. janubheda gem varun
11. jJanuvislesa genu valgum
12. urustambha stiffness of thigh
13. urusada pain in the thigh
14. pangulya paraplegia
15. gudabhramsa prolapse rectum
16. gudarti tenasmus
17. Vixpanaksepa pain in scrotum
18. sephastambha stiffness of penis
19. vanksanana
ha tension of groin
20. Sronibheda pain around the pelvic girdle
21. vidbheda diarrhoea
22. udavarta mnisperistalsis
23. khanjatva lameness

24. kub jatva ky phosis

25. vamnanatva dwarfisn
26.
trikagraha arthritis of sacroillac joint
27. pysthagraha stiffness of back
28. paravavamarda pain in chest
29. udaravesta griping pain in abdomen
30- hrmmoha brady cardia
31. hridrava tachycardia
32. vaksa-uddarsa rubbing pain in chest
336 vaksa -uparodha impairment of thorasic movement
34. vaksastoda stabbing pain in chest
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356 bahusosa atrophy of arn

36. &rivaatambha
stiffness of the neck
37. manyastambha
torticollis
38. kanthodd hvamsa hoarseness of voice
39. hanubheda pain in jaw
40. osthabheda pain in lip
41. aksibheda
pain in eye
42. dantabheda toothache
43 dantasaithilya looseness of tooth
44. trukatva
aphasia
45. vaksanga lalling speech
46. knsayasyata astringent taste in mouth
47. mukhasosa dryness of the mouth
48. arasa jnata ageusia
49. ghrananasa anosnia
50. karnasula ear ache
51. asabdasravana tinitus
52. uceaihsruti bard of hearing
53-6 badhirya deafness
54. vartmastambha ptosis of eye lid
55. vartmasamkoca entropion
56. timira amaurosis
57. akaisula pinching pain in eye
58. aksivyudasa ptosis of eye ball
59. bbruvyudasa ptosis of eye brow
60. sankhabheda pain in temporal region
61. lalatabheda pain in frontal region
62. siroruk headache

63 kesabbumisphutana dandruff
64. ardita facial paralysis
65. ekangaroga monoplegia
66. sarvangaroga polyplegia
67. paksavadha hemiplegia
68. aksepaka clonic convulsion
69. dandaka tonie convulsion

70. tama fainting

71. bhrama giddiness

©
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72. vepathu
tremor
73. Jzmbha yawning
74. hikka
hiccup
75. visada asthenia
76. atipralapa deliriun
77. rauksya dryness
78. parusya hardness
79. Syavarunavadhasata dusky red appearance
80. asvapna sleeplessness
81. anawasthitacittatva unstable meantality

DISORDERS aA ND DISEASES (VIKARAS) CAUSED BY PITTA

(C8.5u.20:14)

i. ‘08a beating
2. plosa scorching
3. daha burning
4. dawat hu boiling
5. dhumaka fuming
6. anlaka acid eructation
7. vidaha pyroais
8. antardaha burning sensation inside the body
9. amsadaha burning sensation in shoulder
10. usmadhikya excessive temperature
11. atisveda excessive sweating
12. angagandha foetid odour of the body
13. angavadarana crackin, pain in the body
14. sanitakleda sloughing of the blood
15. mamsakleda — sloughing of the muscle
16. tvagdaha burning sensation in the skin
17. tvagavadarana cracking of the skin
18. carmadalana dtchingof the skin
19. raktakostha urticaria

20. raktavisphota red vesicle

21. raktapitta bleeding tendency
22. raktamandala red wheals

23. haritatva greenishness

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24. haridratva yellowishness

25. nilika blue moles
26. kaksa herpes
27. kamala jaundice
28. tiktasyata bitter taste in mouth
29. lohitagandhasyata smell of blood from the mouth
30. putimukhata foetid odour of mouth
31, tysnadhikya excessive thirst
32. atzxpti non-satisfaction
33. asyavipaka stomatitis
34. galapaka pharyngitis
35. aksipaka conjunctivitis
36. gudapaka proctitis
37. medhrapaka inflammation of the penis
38. jWadana haemorrhage
39. tamahpravesa fainting
40. haritabaridra netra mutra varoastva freenish & yellowish
colouration of eyes, urine & faeces.

DISORDERS AND DISEASES (VIKARAS) CAUSED BY KAPHAJA

(Cs .Su.16)

1. txpti anorexia nervosa

2. tandra drowsiness

3. nidradhikya excessive sleep

4. staimitya pimisnwaa Linidness
5. gurugatrata heaviness of the body
6. alasya ; laziness
7. mukhamadburya sweet taste in mouth
8. mukhasrava salivation
9. slesmodgirana mucua expectoration
10. maladnikya excessive excretion of excreta
11. balasaka loss of strength
12. apakti indigestion
t
13. hrMay opalepa phlegm adhered in vicinity of heart
14. kanthopalepa phlegm adhered to throat
15. anipraticaya hardening of vessals
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16. galaganda goiter

17. atisthaulya obesitey
18. sitagnita suppression of digestive power
19. udarda urticaria
20. svetavabhasata pallor
21. svetamutranetravar-
castva whiteness of urine, eye and faces.

It may be noted above that the disorders and diseases

caused by Vata are eighty types, Even though Vata diseases are
immaumerable, the following eighty dicedses; (Vikaras) are the
most commonly manifested one (actually eighty one diseases
are enumerated there appears to be wrong interpolation(Su.20%11).
The disorders and diseases due to the vitiation of Pitta are

innumerable, the following are the forty varieties which are

most commonly manifested. The disorders and diseases due to
the vitiation of Kapha are also innumerable but the following
are the twenty varieties which are most commonly manifested.
The sites mentioned above are those where the vitiation
are those where the vitiation of Vata in these places are

difficult to cure. So if Vata ie controlled in these sites,

all types of Vatika diseases can be prevented.

It is not able that the numbness is caused by the

action of both Kapha and Vata in the former, it is due to
in action and in the latter due to loss of sensation.

Even though the Vata is devoid of any taste or

complexion but it brings about certain taste and complexion
due to its specific action.
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GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF VATIKA, PAITTIKA AND

KAPHAJA DISORDERS AND DISEASES

The vitiated vata should be treated by drugs having

sweet,sour, and saline taste and unctuous and hot qualities

and by such devices as oleation, fomentation, asthapana and

anuvasana type of enema, inhalation, diet, mass-age, unotion,

offusion- which should all contain materials having anti -

vatika properties. This is of course to be done with due

regard to the dosage and season. Of all the devices states

above, the asthapana and anuvasana types of enema or the

treatment par excellence for the cure of Vatika diseases

because immediately after entering the colon, they strike

at the very root of the vitiated vata and when it is over
come in the colon, even the entire vitiated vata dwelling

in other parts of the body is automatically alleviated. This

can be likened to the cutting of the root of a free which
resulta in the automatic destruction of the trunk, branches,

sprouts, flowers, fruits, leaves etc. (Ch.Su.20813).

They] should be treated by drugs having sweet, better,

astringent and cooling qualities and such devices as oleation,
pergation, unetion, affugion, message, etce., which should
all contain material having anti-paittika properties. This
is of course to be done with due regard to the dosage and
season, of all the devices stated above,the purgation is the
treatment par excellance for curing paittika diseases because
immediately after it is administered, it eliminates the
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vitiated pitta from ite very root. when it 1s overcome in the

amasaya (small intestive), it alleviates the entire vitiated
pitta dwelling in other parts of the body. This can be linkened
to a not chamber being cooled by removing the fire from inside
it. (Ca.su.20316),
Diseases and disorders due to vitiated Kapha should
be treated with druga having pungent, bitter, astringent, sharp,
bot and unctuous qualities and by such therapies like formenta-
tion, emesia, elimination of dosas from the head, exercise
ete., which should al) contain materials having anti-slaismika
Properties. This is of couree to be done with due regard to
the dosage and season. Of all the devices stated above, emetic
therapy is the treatment per excellence for the cure of
diseases due to kapha because immediately after entering the
stomach, it strikes at the very root cause of the vitiation
of kapha and when it is overcome in the stomach, even the entire
vitiated kapha dwelling in other parts of the body is automati-
cally alleviated. This can be likened to the withering away of
paddy, barly, etc. for want of barrier of the cornfield (full
of water) being broken (0S.5u.20:19).

As sites of manifestation of Kapha, both chest and

stomach are equally important as stated in the above.