3 PERSONAL SAFETY

We read about many accidents in the newspapers. Most of

the accidents take place due to our carelessness. We can avoid such
accidents and deaths by following some simple safety rules.

SAFETY AT HOME

l Do not scatter toys,

slippers etc., on the floor.

l Keep them in their proper

places.

l Clean the water or oil or

other liquids that are spilt
on the floor immediately.

For Teachers...

Make the students write additional information about the safety rules to be followed at
home, road, school and in public places.

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If you smell leakage of cooking gas

l Open the kitchen windows.

l Do not use the electrical switches.
l Close the regulators of the gas cylinders.

While handling electric appliances

l Do not touch the electrical appliances with wet

hands.
l Avoid using electrical appliances with
ruptured insulations.
l Avoid using cell phones while it is being
charged.

To avoid being poisoned

l Keep paints, insecticides and

medicines away from the reach of
children.
l Do not take any medicine without
consulting the doctor.
l Do not eat decayed and spoilt food.
l Do not consume medicines that are of
expiry date.
l

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ROAD SAFETY
Most of the accidents take place due to carelessness and
inefficiency of the drivers. Strictly follow the traffic rules while walking
and crossing the roads.

Road rules
l Must walk only on the platform.
l Do not play on the road.
l Before crossing, look on both sides of the road.
l Do not cross in spaces between the parked vehicles.
l Do not use cell phones while driving / riding.
l One must wear helmet while riding a two wheeler.
l

For emergency...
Whom should we call from the numbers given below for our
immediate help? Find out and write.

101 100 103

Road safety week is celebrated in the first week of January.

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 Activity
Identify the signs and write their captions.

Do not park vehicles, railway crossing, hospital, do not horn,

turn left, stop, go slow, turn right, listen, go, narrow path,
school.

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SAFETY AT SCHOOL

Children may fall down and get injured

while playing in the playground.

To avoid that
l Do not play with sharp tools.
l Do not ignore the game rules.
l Do not involve in rough games.
l

SAFETY AT PUBLIC PLACES

l Burst crackers only with the help of elders.
l Do not go to the deep waters.
l To avoid stampede, follow the queue system.

First Aid

l First control the bleeding of an injury and then take the injured to
the hospital.
l In case of a fracture, avoid further movements and tie a support
to the fractured part. Then go to the hospital.
l Do not approach a non-medical practitioner.

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l Roll and come out of the place of a fire accident.

l Pour cold water on the burnt portions.

l In case of a fire accident, necessary measures should be taken

to avoid further spreading of fire in that area.

l Tie a piece of cloth tightly above the place of bite of poisonous

insects like scorpion. Then consult a doctor immediately.

First Aid Box

It is very important to have a first aid box in
every school. Following things should be available
in the first aid box:

1. Hot water bottle / hot water 10. Antiseptic ointment

bag 11. Rubber belt
2. Cotton roll
12. Candle and matchbox
3. Sterilized white cloth
13. Hand towel
4. Gauze bandage
5. Pair of scissors 14. Sodium bicarbonate

6. Plaster 15. Sodium chloride

7. Forceps 16. Spirit lamp / Stove
8. Soap 17. Tincture iodine bottle
9. Antiseptic lotion
18. Tincture Benzoin bottle

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(a) Answer the following.
1. Mention four road rules.
2. Name some common accidents that take place at home.
3. Mention the first aid given to a fractured person.
4. How can one save himself or herself from the place of a fire
accident?
5. How will you help a blind boy to cross the road while going to
school?
(b) Fill in the blanks.
1. Do not _______ contaminated food.
2. Do not touch _______ appliances with wet hand.
3. While walking on the road we must walk on the _______.
4. Students should learn to go in a _______.
5. We must wear ________for safe walking.

(c) Discuss the results of the wrong activities given in the picture.

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(d) Mention some common accidents at School, on Road and in Public
places.

School

Road and Public

places

(e) What are the first aid methods for the following accidents?

1. For bone fracture

2. For fire accident

3. For external injury

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 USES OF

4 NATURAL RESOURCES

Have you played with these things?

Do you know how they are made?
When coconut is peeled, we get coconut fibre. It is used for
making ropes. Likewise, we get many things from waste products.
We use them for different purposes.

S.No. Waste By-product

1. Bark of banana tree Plate

2. Bark of the coconut tree rope

3. Dried tree

4. Worn out tyres

Defective electrical
5.
appliances

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Resources from nature are called natural resources. Plants, animals,
aquatic animals, minerals, water, sunlight and air are natural
resources.

Transformation of natural resources into materials for use:

Let us learn about the various uses of rice, husk and rice bran which are
obtained from the paddy plant.
The rice we get from paddy plant is used as food.

TWO TYPES OF RICE

Raw rice is obtained by removing the husk from the
unboiled rice. While removing the husk some of the nutrition are
removed. Boiled rice is obtained by removing the husk from the
steamed and dried rice. In this, nutrition is not lost.

GOLDEN RICE
This type of new rice has vitamin A. This improves the
eye sight.

We get rice by removing the husk from the paddy. The things
we consider as waste such as husk and rice bran are also useful to us.

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Let us see how they are useful.

husk rice bran

HUSK AS A FUEL
Husk is used as fuel in houses and industries.

HUSK AS BRICK
The bricks made from husk and
cement are light in weight and
protect us from heat. Buildings built
out of these bricks have low
temperature radiation.

MANURE FROM HUSK

The manure (vermicompost) is
obtained when the earthworms are
allowed to grow in the husk. This
manure is very good for flowering
plants.

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HUSK AS AIR PURIFIER
Activated carbon from the ash of husk is used to purify water.
This kills the germs causing diseases.

Let us see how useful rice bran is !

OIL FROM RICE BRAN

Oil is extracted from the rice bran of
the raw rice. It is suitable for cooking Rice bran
because this oil has vitamins and fats that Oil
prevent heart diseases. The by-products
of this oil is used as food for fish and other
animals.

HAY AS FOOD FOR CATTLE

Hay which is produced from paddy is
used as fodder for cattle.

Card boards are made from the

paste of hay pulp.

Methane gas released from the paddy fields pollutes the

atmosphere and increases the temperature.

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Transformation of natural resources through industries

STORY OF PAPER
Many centuries ago the Egyptians used different variety of
grass called Papyrus for writing. Palm leaves were used in our
country. The Chinese were the first to invent paper.

PAPER FROM BAMBOO

Paper is made from bamboo. It is easy to
prepare. Grind the bamboo, add water and boil it to
get the pulp. This pulp is passed on thin wire mesh
to filter the water and is dried by pressing. Now the
paper is ready.

It is bamboo. It is a type of grass plant. Bamboo

has the best purifying capacity in the world. It
grows faster than other plants. Micro-
organisms and fungi cannot destroy bamboo
plants.

How are natural resources like rocks, minerals useful?

Rocks : Gravel—To make road
Minerals :

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PRODUCTION OF WASTAGES

Things that are not useful for us are called as waste.

What are the waste things present in the dustbin of your house?

Write the wastes from places given in the table.

S.No. Place Waste

1. House

2. Vegetable shop

3. Building construction site

4. Office/ school

5. Hospital

6. Automobile shop

7. Nearby industries

8. Marriage hall
9. Electric goods repair places

Torn clothes, plastic, glassware, unused vessels, food, old medicinal

bottles, broken electrical lamps, used cotton, syringe, syringe tubes,
smoke, chemical waste, broken bricks, rubber tube, worn out tyres,
torn leaves, smashed paper tumblers, rotten vegetables, lime stone
pieces.

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TYPES OF WASTE

Biodegradable Waste

Bury the vegetable wastes under the soil. See after a month. You
can see that they are decomposed with the soil. Aren’t they? These are
called biodegradable waste.

Non-Biodegradable Waste

Bury polythene cover under the soil. After a month it will be in the
same form. The things which are non decomposable are called non-
biodegradable waste.

Collect tomato, brinjal, banana leaves, glass, flowers, plastics,

iron pieces, ceramic, wood, cotton cloth, a piece of brick and small
aluminum vessels. Put them in a pit and cover with sand. After few
weeks dig the pit and see.

Note down what you have observed in the given table.

Things not found in the pit Things found in the pit

S.No.
(Biodegradable) (Non-Biodegradable)
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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TYPES OF WASTES AND THEIR SOURCES

q Rotten fruits, broken gravels from building construction, bricks

are the solid wastes.

q Waste water from factories, gutter water, wastages in

liquid forms are the liquid wastes.

q Smoke from vehicles, industries and poisonous gases are the

gaseous wastes.

List the waste produced from a house, a vegetable shop, a

building construction site, a school, an automobile shop, a marriage
hall, an electrical shop and a hospital.

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RECYCLING
Have you ever seen a person who buys old paper and old things
from your house?
List the things taken by him.

How are these things changed and reused?

Changing the used products into new

useful products is called recycling.

You can make papers and products out of pulp made

from the waste papers. By doing so, the cutting down
of trees will be reduced.

Iron, gold, silver, and copper could be

melted and used again.

Things which are marked with can

be recycled.

Things that are not marked with cannot undergo recycling.

e.g. petrol, diesel, coal etc.,They mostly pollute the environment.

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Time taken by the things to undergo decomposition.

Paper - 2 to 5 weeks Metal - 50 to 500 years

Cloth - 2 to 5 months Glass - 50 to 10 lakh years

Wood - 10 to 15 years Plastic - uncountable years

usage of plastics should be avoided. Why?

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(a) Fill in the blanks.
1. _________ and _________ are natural resources.
2. _________ is used as an important food.
3. Outer covering of the paddy is called _________.
4. Oil got from rice bran is _________.
5. _________waste is obtained from broken bricks.

(b) Match the following.

1. Rice - Manure
2. Bamboo - Food
3. Rice bran oil - Paper
4. Husk - Cooking

(c) Answer in detail.

1. Give two examples for each
a) Solid wastes b) Liquid wastes
2. What are the uses of husk?
3. How is paper recycled?
4. What are the advantages of growing bamboo trees?
5. Why should we use natural resources in limited quantity?

Project:

Organize a group discussion to find ways and means to

clear the biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes in your
school.

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 'I can, I did'
Student's Activity Record
Subject:

Sl.No Date Lesson Topic of the Activities Remarks

No. Lesson

92