The Art Of Public Speaking Stephen E.

Lucas pdf
download

https://textbookfull.com/product/the-art-of-public-speaking-stephen-e-lucas/

★★★★★ 4.9/5.0 (23 reviews) ✓ 208 downloads ■ TOP RATED

"Excellent quality PDF, exactly what I needed!" - Sarah M.

DOWNLOAD EBOOK
 The Art Of Public Speaking Stephen E. Lucas

TEXTBOOK EBOOK TEXTBOOK FULL

Available Formats

■ PDF eBook Study Guide TextBook

EXCLUSIVE 2025 EDUCATIONAL COLLECTION - LIMITED TIME

INSTANT DOWNLOAD VIEW LIBRARY

Collection Highlights

Public Speaking: The Evolving Art Stephanie J. Coopman

Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach To Public

Speaking Steven A. Beebe

The Public Speaking Playbook Teri Kwal Gamble

The Gentle Art of Tramping Stephen Graham

Public speaking and civic engagement Hogan

Public Speaking for Criminal Justice Professionals: A

Manner of Speaking 1st Edition Thomas P. Mauriello

Principles of Public Speaking 19th Edition Kathleen M.

German

Public Speaking 10th Edition Steven A. Beebe

Public Speaking Strategies For Success 8th Edition David

Zarefsky
The Art of
Public Speaking
THIRTEENTH EDITION

Stephen E. Lucas
University of Wisconsin—Madison

with
Paul Stob
Vanderbilt University
THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING, THIRTEENTH EDITION

Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright ©2020 by Stephen E.
Lucas. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2015, 2012, 2009,
2007, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1983. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
­distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written
consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or
transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the
United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LWI 21 20 19 18

ISBN 978-1-259-92460-6 (bound edition)

MHID 1-259-92460-2 (bound edition)
ISBN 978-1-260-41293-2 (loose-leaf edition)
MHID 1-260-41293-8 (loose-leaf edition)
ISBN 978-1-260-41287-1 (annotated instructor’s edition)
MHID 1-260-41287-3 (annotated instructor’s edition)

Portfolio Manager: Sarah Remington

Product Developer: Betty Chen
Marketing Manager: Laura Young
Program Manager: Marianne Musni
Senior Content Project Manager: Danielle Clement
Content Project Manager: Tim Coté
Senior Buyer: Laura M. Fuller
Designer: Egzon Shaqiri
Content Licensing Specialist: Carrie Burger
Cover Image: ©skyboysv/Shutterstock
Compositor: Lumina Datamatics

All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an e­ xtension of the copyright page.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Lucas, Stephen, 1946– author. | Stob, Paul, author.
Title: The art of public speaking / Stephen E. Lucas with Paul Stob.
Description: Thirteenth edition. | New York, NY : McGraw-Hill Education, [2019]
Identifiers: LCCN 2018038517| ISBN 9781259924606 (bound edition : alk. paper) |
ISBN 1259924602 (bound edition : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781260412932 (loose-leaf edition) |
ISBN 1260412938 (loose-leaf edition)
Subjects: LCSH: Public speaking.
Classification: LCC PN4129.15 .L83 2019 | DDC 808.5/1—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018038517

The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website
does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill Education does
not guarantee the accuracy of the ­information presented at these sites.

mheducation.com/highered
About the Author

S
tephen E. Lucas is Professor of Communication Arts and
Evjue-Bascom Professor in the Humanities at the Univer-
sity of Wisconsin–Madison. He received his bachelor’s
degree from the University of California, Santa Barbara, and his
master’s and doctorate degrees from Penn State University.
Professor Lucas has been recognized for his work as both a
scholar and a teacher. His first book, Portents of Rebellion: R
­ hetoric
and Revolution in Philadelphia, 1765–1776, received the Golden
Anniversary Award of the National Communication Association
and was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. His major articles include
“The Schism in Rhetorical Scholarship,” “The Renaissance of
American Public Address: Text and Context in Rhetorical Criti-
cism,” “The Stylistic Artistry of the Declaration of Independence,”
and “The Rhetorical Ancestry of the Declaration of Indepen-
dence,” for which he received the Golden A ­ nniversary Monograph
Award of the National Communication Association. His most
recent book is Words of a Century: The Top 100 A ­ merican Speeches,
Courtesy of Stephen Lucas
1900–1999.
Professor Lucas has received a number of teaching awards,
including the Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching at the University of
Wisconsin and the National Communication Association’s Donald Ecroyd Award
for Outstanding Teaching in Higher Education. He is featured in the Educational
Video Group’s program on the history of American public address, and he
appeared on the History Channel’s documentary on the Declaration of
Independence.
Professor Lucas has directed the introductory public speaking course at the
University of Wisconsin–Madison since 1973. Over the years he has been respon-
sible for numerous teaching innovations and has supervised the t­raining of hun-
dreds of graduate assistants. He has also served as a judge for the major national
English-language public speaking competitions in China, has lectured at numer-
ous Chinese universities, has conducted workshops for C ­ hinese instructors on
teaching public speaking, and has been instrumental in the development of public
speaking as a dedicated course in the English curriculum of Chinese universities.
The Art of Public Speaking has been translated into several languages, including
Chinese, Portuguese, Korean, ­Romanian, and Japanese.
Stephen Lucas and his wife, Patty, live in Madison, Wisconsin, and have two
sons, Jeff and Ryan. His interests include travel, sports, art, and photography.

iii

 Brief Contents
SPEAKING AND LISTENING
1 Speaking in Public 2
2 Ethics and Public Speaking 26
3 Listening 44
4 Giving Your First Speech 60

SPEECH PREPARATION: GETTING STARTED

5 Selecting a Topic and a Purpose 74
6 Analyzing the Audience 94
7 Gathering Materials 114
8 Supporting Your Ideas 134

SPEECH PREPARATION: ORGANIZING AND OUTLINING

9 Organizing the Body of the Speech 158
10 Beginning and Ending the Speech 176
11 Outlining the Speech 196

PRESENTING THE SPEECH

12 Using Language 212
13 Delivery 230
14 Using Visual Aids 250

VARIETIES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

15 Speaking to Inform 268
16 Speaking to Persuade 290
17 Methods of Persuasion 316
18 Speaking on Special Occasions 344
19 Presenting Your Speech Online 356
20 Speaking in Small Groups 372
APPENDIX Speeches for Analysis and Discussion A-1

iv
 Contents
A Note from the Author xvi
Highlights of the Thirteenth Edition xvii
McGraw-Hill Connect and Instructor Resources xviii
Acknowledgments xxii
Reviewers, Contributors, and Symposia Participants xxiii

PART ONE   SPEAKING AND LISTENING

Chapter 1 Speaking in Public 2

The Power of Public Speaking 4
The Tradition of Public Speaking 5
Similarities Between Public Speaking and Conversation 6
Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation 8
Developing Confidence: Your Speech Class 8
Nervousness Is Normal 9
Dealing with Nervousness 10
Public Speaking and Critical Thinking 16
The Speech Communication Process 17
Speaker 17
Message 18
Channel 18
Listener 18
Feedback 19
Interference 20
Situation 20
The Speech Communication Process: Example with
Commentary 21
Public Speaking in a Multicultural World 21
Cultural Diversity in the Modern World 21
Cultural Diversity and Public Speaking 22
Avoiding Ethnocentrism 23

Courtesy of Josh Shipp

Chapter 2 Ethics and Public Speaking 26

The Importance of Ethics 28
Guidelines for Ethical Speaking 29
Make Sure Your Goals Are Ethically Sound 29
Be Fully Prepared for Each Speech 30
Be Honest in What You Say 31

v

 Avoid Name-Calling and Other Forms of Abusive Language 32
Put Ethical Principles into Practice 33
Plagiarism 34
Global Plagiarism 35
Patchwork Plagiarism 35
Incremental Plagiarism 36
Plagiarism and the Internet 38
Guidelines for Ethical Listening 39
Be Courteous and Attentive 39
Avoid Prejudging the Speaker 40
Maintain the Free and Open Expression of Ideas 40

Chapter 3 Listening 44
Listening Is Important 46
Listening and Critical Thinking 47
Four Causes of Poor Listening 48
Not Concentrating 48
Listening Too Hard 48
Jumping to Conclusions 49
Focusing on Delivery and Personal Appearance 50
How to Become a Better Listener 51
Take Listening Seriously 51
Be an Active Listener 51
Resist Distractions 51
Don’t Be Diverted by Appearance or Delivery 53
Suspend Judgment 54
Focus Your Listening 54
Develop Note-Taking Skills 56

©sturti/Getty Images

Chapter 4 Giving Your First Speech 60

Preparing Your Speech 60
Developing the Speech 60
Organizing the Speech 63
Delivering Your Speech 65
Speaking Extemporaneously 66
Rehearsing the Speech 66
Presenting the Speech 67
Sample Speeches with Commentary 68

vi Contents
 PART TWO   SPEECH PREPARATION: GETTING STARTED

Chapter 5 Selecting a Topic and a Purpose 74

Choosing a Topic 76
Topics You Know a Lot About 76
Topics You Want to Know More About 77
Brainstorming for Topics 78
Determining the General Purpose 79
Determining the Specific Purpose 80
Tips for Formulating the Specific Purpose Statement 82
Questions to Ask About Your Specific Purpose 84
Phrasing the Central Idea 86
What Is the Central Idea? 86
Guidelines for the Central Idea 88

Chapter 6 Analyzing the Audience 94

Audience-Centeredness 96
Your Classmates as an Audience 96
The Psychology of Audiences 97
Demographic Audience Analysis 98
Age 99
Religion 100
Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Background 100
Gender and Sexual Orientation 101
Group Membership 102
Situational Audience Analysis 102
Size 103
Physical Setting 103
Disposition Toward the Topic 103
Disposition Toward the Speaker 105
Disposition Toward the Occasion 106
Getting Information About the Audience 107
Adapting to the Audience 109
Audience Adaptation Before the Speech 110
Audience Adaptation During the Speech 110

©Handout/Getty Images

Contents vii
 Chapter 7 Gathering Materials 114
Using Your Own Knowledge and Experience 114
Doing Library Research 116
Librarians 116
The Catalogue 117
Reference Works 117
Newspaper and Periodical Databases 118
Academic Databases 119
Searching the Internet 120
Search Engines 120
Specialized Research Resources 120
Evaluating Internet Documents 122
Interviewing 125
Before the Interview 125
During the Interview 126
After the Interview 128
Tips for Doing Research 128
Start Early 128
Make a Preliminary Bibliography 128
Take Notes Efficiently 129
Think About Your Materials as You Research 131

Chapter 8 Supporting Your Ideas 134

Examples 136
Brief Examples 137
Extended Examples 137
Hypothetical Examples 138
Tips for Using Examples 138
Statistics 141
 Understanding Statistics 142
  Tips for Using Statistics 145
Testimony 148
Expert Testimony 149
Peer Testimony 149
Quoting Versus Paraphrasing 150
Tips for Using Testimony 150
Citing Sources Orally 153

©Cooper Neill/Getty Images

viii Contents
 PART THREE  SPEECH PREPARATION: ORGANIZING AND
OUTLINING

Chapter 9 Organizing the Body of the Speech 158

Organization Is Important 158
Main Points 160
Number of Main Points 162
Strategic Order of Main Points 162
Tips for Preparing Main Points 167
Supporting Materials 168
Connectives 170
Transitions 171
Internal Previews 171
Internal Summaries 172
Signposts 172

Chapter 10 Beginning and Ending the Speech 176

The Introduction 178
Get Attention and Interest 178
Reveal the Topic 183
Establish Credibility and Goodwill 184
Preview the Body of the Speech 185
Sample Introduction with Commentary 186
Tips for the Introduction 187
The Conclusion 188
Signal the End of the Speech 188
Reinforce the Central Idea 190
Sample Conclusion with Commentary 193
Tips for the Conclusion 193

Chapter 11 Outlining the Speech 196

The Preparation Outline 196
Guidelines for the Preparation Outline 198
Sample Preparation Outline with Commentary 202
The Speaking Outline 205
Guidelines for the Speaking Outline 206
Sample Speaking Outline with Commentary 208

Contents ix
 PART FOUR   PRESENTING THE SPEECH

Chapter 12 Using Language 212

Meanings of Words 212
Using Language Accurately 214
Using Language Clearly 216
Use Familiar Words 216
Choose Concrete Words 217
Eliminate Clutter 218
Using Language Vividly 219
Imagery 219
Rhythm 222
Using Language Appropriately 224
Appropriateness to the Occasion 225
Appropriateness to the Audience 225
Appropriateness to the Topic 226
Appropriateness to the Speaker 226
A Note on Inclusive Language 226

Chapter 13 Delivery 230

What Is Good Delivery? 232
Methods of Delivery 232
Reading from a Manuscript 232
Reciting from Memory 233
Speaking Impromptu 233
Speaking Extemporaneously 234
The Speaker’s Voice 235
Volume 235
Pitch 236
Rate 236
Pauses 236
©fstop123/Getty Images
Vocal Variety 237
Pronunciation 237
Articulation 238
Dialect 239
The Speaker’s Body 239
Personal Appearance 240
Movement 240
Gestures 241
Eye Contact 242
Practicing Delivery 242
Answering Audience Questions 244
Preparing for the Question-and-Answer Session 244
Managing the Question-and-Answer Session 245

x Contents
Chapter 14 Using Visual Aids 250
Kinds of Visual Aids 252
Objects and Models 252
Photographs and Drawings 252
Graphs 253
Charts 255
Video 255
The Speaker 256
Presentation Technology 256
Pluses and Minuses of Presentation Technology 257
Planning to Use Presentation Technology 258
Guidelines for Preparing Visual Aids 259
Prepare Visual Aids Well in Advance 259
Keep Visual Aids Simple 259
Make Sure Visual Aids Are Large Enough 259
Use a Limited Amount of Text 259
Use Fonts Effectively 260
Use Color Effectively 260
Use Images Strategically 261
Guidelines for Presenting Visual Aids 262
Display Visual Aids Where Listeners Can See Them 262
Avoid Passing Visual Aids Among the Audience 262
Display Visual Aids Only While Discussing Them 263
Explain Visual Aids Clearly and Concisely 263
Talk to Your Audience, Not to Your Visual Aid 264
Practice with Your Visual Aids 264
Check the Room and Equipment 265

©Patrick T. Fallon/Bloomberg/Getty Images

PART FIVE   VARIETIES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

Chapter 15 Speaking to Inform 268

Types of Informative Speeches: Analysis and Organization 270
Speeches About Objects 270
Speeches About Processes 272
Speeches About Events 274
Speeches About Concepts 275
Guidelines for Informative Speaking 277
Don’t Overestimate What the Audience Knows 277
Relate the Subject Directly to the Audience 278
Don’t Be Too Technical 280
Avoid Abstractions 281
Personalize Your Ideas 283
Be Creative 284
Sample Speech with Commentary 285

Contents xi
 Chapter 16 Speaking to Persuade 290
The Importance of Persuasion 292
Ethics and Persuasion 292
The Psychology of Persuasion 293
The Challenge of Persuasive Speaking 293
How Listeners Process Persuasive Messages 294
The Target Audience 295
Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Fact 296
What Are Questions of Fact? 296
Analyzing Questions of Fact 297
Organizing Speeches on Questions of Fact 298
Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value 298
What Are Questions of Value? 298
Analyzing Questions of Value 299
Organizing Speeches on Questions of Value 299
Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Policy 300
What Are Questions of Policy? 300
Types of Speeches on Questions of Policy 301
Analyzing Questions of Policy 302
Organizing Speeches on Questions of Policy 304
Sample Speech with Commentary 310

©Joshua Blanchard/Getty Images

Chapter 17 Methods of Persuasion 316

Building Credibility 318
Factors of Credibility 318
Types of Credibility 319
Enhancing Your Credibility 320
Using Evidence 322
How Evidence Works: A Case Study 322
Tips for Using Evidence 324
Reasoning 325
Reasoning from Specific Instances 327
Reasoning from Principle 328
Causal Reasoning 328
Analogical Reasoning 329
Fallacies 330
Appealing to Emotions 334
What Are Emotional Appeals? 334
Generating Emotional Appeal 335
Ethics and Emotional Appeal 337
Sample Speech with Commentary 338

xii Contents
 Chapter 18 Speaking on Special Occasions 344
Speeches of Introduction 344
Speeches of Presentation 348
Speeches of Acceptance 349
Commemorative Speeches 350

Chapter 19 P
 resenting Your Speech
Online 356
The Special Nature of the Online Environment 358
Kinds of Online Speeches 358
Guidelines for Online Speaking 359
Control the Visual Environment 359
Adapt Your Nonverbal Communication 362
Adjust Your Pacing 362
Don’t Forget Your Audience 363
Practice, Practice, Practice 363
The Technology of Real-Time Online Speeches 366
Choosing the Software 366
Learning the Software 366
Have a Backup Plan 366
Sample Speech with Commentary 367

©Nick David/Getty Images

Chapter 20 Speaking in Small Groups 372

What Is a Small Group? 374
Leadership in Small Groups 374
Kinds of Leadership 374
Functions of Leadership 376
Responsibilities in a Small Group 377
Commit Yourself to the Goals of Your Group 377
Fulfill Individual Assignments 378
Avoid Interpersonal Conflicts 378
Encourage Full Participation 379
Keep the Discussion on Track 380
The Reflective-Thinking Method 380
Define the Problem 380
Analyze the Problem 382
Establish Criteria for Solutions 383
Generate Potential Solutions 384
Select the Best Solution 384
Presenting the Recommendations of the Group 386
Oral Report 386
Symposium 387
Contents xiii
Panel Discussion 387
 Appendix Speeches for Analysis and Discussion A-1
Lady Liberty A-2
Using a Tourniquet to Save a Life A-3
The Living-Wage Solution A-5
Phony Pharmaceuticals A-7
Make a Wish A-9
Elie Wiesel A-10
Notes N1
Index I1

SPEECHES
The Courtyard (Sample Speech with Commentary) 69
Fearless (Sample Speech with Commentary) 70
Supervolcanoes: The Sleeping Giants (Sample Speech with Commentary) 285
Getting the Lead Out (Sample Speech with Commentary) 310
Changing Lives Through the Literacy Network (Sample Speech with
Commentary) 338
Presenting the National Teacher of the Year Award Barack Obama 348
Accepting the National Teacher of the Year Award Shanna Peeples 350
Ida B. Wells 353
charity: water (Sample Speech with Commentary) 368
Lady Liberty A-2
Using a Tourniquet to Save a Life A-3
The Living-Wage Solution A-5
Phony Pharmaceuticals A-7
Make a Wish A-9
Elie Wiesel A-10

xiv Contents
SPEECHES BY GENRE
INTRODUCTORY SPEECHES
The Courtyard 69
Fearless 70

INFORMATIVE SPEECHES
Space Junk (Sample Introduction with Commentary) 187
Space Junk (Sample Conclusion with Commentary) 193
Beneficial Bacteria (Sample Preparation Outline with Commentary) 203
Beneficial Bacteria (Sample Speaking Outline with Commentary) 208
Supervolcanoes: The Sleeping Giants 285
Lady Liberty A-2
Using a Tourniquet to Save a Life A-3

PERSUASIVE SPEECHES
Getting the Lead Out 310
Changing Lives Through the Literacy Network 338
The Living-Wage Solution A-5
Phony Pharmaceuticals A-7

SPEECHES OF PRESENTATION
Presenting the National Teacher of the Year Award Barack Obama 348

SPEECHES OF ACCEPTANCE
Accepting the National Teacher of the Year Award Shanna Peeples 350

COMMEMORATIVE SPEECHES
Ida B. Wells 353
Make a Wish A-9
Elie Wiesel A-10

ONLINE SPEECHES
charity: water 368

Contents xv
 A Note from the Author
W
hen I wrote the first edition of The Art of Public Speaking, I could not have
imagined the extraordinary response the book would receive. I am deeply
appreciative of the students and teachers who have made it the leading
work on its subject at colleges and universities across the United States and around
the world.
In preparing this edition, I have retained what readers have identified as the main
strengths of the book. The Art of Public Speaking is informed by classical and
­contemporary theories of rhetoric, but it does not present theory for its own sake.
­Keeping a steady eye on the practical skills of public speaking, it offers full coverage of
all major aspects of speech preparation and presentation.
It also follows David Hume’s advice that one “who would teach eloquence must do
it chiefly by examples.” Whenever possible, I have tried to show the principles of public
speaking in action in addition to describing them. Thus you will find in the book a large
number of narratives, speech excerpts, and full sample speeches that ­illustrate the prin-
ciples of effective public speaking.
Because the immediate task facing students is to present speeches in the classroom,
I rely heavily on examples that relate directly to students’ classroom needs and experi-
ences. The speech classroom, however, is a training ground where students develop
skills that will serve them throughout life. Therefore, I also include a large number of
illustrations drawn from the kinds of speaking experiences students will face after they
graduate from college.
Because speeches are performative acts, students need to be able to view speakers
in action as well as to read their words on the printed page. The Art of ­Public Speaking
has an extensive video program that is available both on DVD and on Connect,
McGraw-Hill’s online learning platform. The video program includes over 40 full stu-
dent speeches, plus more than 60 speech excerpts. Eleven of the full speeches and 18 of
the excerpts are new to this edition.
Connect also provides a wide range of teaching and learning resources in addition
to the speech videos. These resources include SmartBook, hands-on study tools,
­critical-thinking exercises, speech-analysis questions, worksheets, assessment forms,
and more. Taken together, The Art of Public Speaking and the digital resources available
on Connect provide a time-tested interactive public speaking program that meets the
needs of students and teachers alike.
The Art of Public Speaking has changed over the years in response to changes in
technology, student demographics, and instructional needs. But it has never lost sight
of the fact that the most important part of speaking is thinking. The ability to think
critically is vital to a world in which personality and image too often substitute for
thought and substance. While helping students become capable, responsible speakers,
The Art of Public Speaking also aims to help them become capable, responsible thinkers
who value the role of civil discourse in a democratic society.

xvi
Highlights of the Thirteenth Edition of The
Art of Public Speaking
Fully updated for the thirteenth edition, the award-winning Art of Public Speaking
offers a time-tested approach that has made it the most widely used college text-
book on its subject in the world. Seamlessly coordinated with Connect, McGraw-
Hill Education’s pathbreaking online program, it supplies a proven set of teaching
and learning tools that is without parallel among public speaking books.
For experienced instructors, The Art of Public Speaking presents a solid, fully
customizable foundation and an abundance of teaching aids from which to
choose, allowing for complete teaching flexibility in the course. For novice
instructors, its wisdom, steady hand, and unmatched ancillary package instill con-
fidence and build success in the classroom from day one.
■■ New chapter on presenting online speeches. This chapter gives students the
guidance they need for effective online speaking. Distinguishing between
recorded and real-time online speeches, it explains the unique features of
each and how students can adapt to those features when preparing, rehears-
ing, and delivering their speeches. Practical guidelines help students control
the visual environment, create a suitable relationship with the online audi-
ence, and use online presentation software skillfully and professionally. A full
sample speech with commentary illustrates the principles of effective online
speaking in action. Video of the speech is available on DVD and Connect, in
both final and needs improvement versions.
■■ New full student speeches. The Art of Public Speaking video program is designed
to bridge the gap between the written page and the spoken word. Toward this
end, the thirteenth edition has 11 new full speeches for analysis and discus-
sion, all of which are available in both print and digital formats. They include
two new speeches of self-introduction, two new informative speeches (includ-
ing a demonstration speech), a new persuasive speech, a new commemorative
speech, and a new online speech—plus four new needs improvement speeches.
■■ Other video resources. The Art of Public Speaking’s video program also includes
more than 60 speech excerpts that are fully integrated into the eBook. Stu-
dents can access these excerpts—along with full speeches—as they read the
book to see the principles of public speaking in action. Whether a full speech
or an excerpt, each video illustrates specific skills and concepts from the text.
■■ Improved coverage of introduction and conclusions. Chapter 10 features new
sample introductions and conclusions with commentary, both of which are
also available on video. The chapter also includes a new section on using
visual aids to gain attention and interest at the start of a speech.
■■ Fresh real-world examples. Every chapter of The Art of Public Speaking opens
with an engaging and relevant example, and dozens of additional examples
appear throughout the chapters, each demonstrating the importance of pub-
lic speaking in school, business, and social settings. As in every edition,
examples have been updated for currency, relevance, and interest.
■■ Improved discussion of audience analysis. Chapter 6, on audience analysis, has
been fine-tuned to take account of changes in audience demographics and

A Note from the Author

xvii
 public attitudes. This is most evident in the treatment of gender and sexual
orientation, but there are changes throughout the chapter to keep it up to date.
■■ Updated MLA and APA citation models. Chapter 7, on gathering materials,
presents all-new sample bibliography entries, reflecting the latest MLA and
APA citation formats to help students correctly cite academic, digital, and
other sources. As in each edition, the chapter as a whole has been revised to
reflect technological changes.
■■ Enhanced discussion of presentation technology. Guidance on the use of visual
aids and presentation technology has been updated in accord with current
developments. Best practices are illustrated by abundant examples in the
book and on speech videos.

McGraw-Hill Connect and Instructor

Resources
MCGRAW-HILL CONNECT
McGraw-Hill Connect® is a highly reliable, easy-to-use homework and learning
management solution that utilizes learning science and award-winning adaptive
tools to improve student results.
Connect’s assignments help students contextualize what they’ve learned
through application, so they can better understand the material and think criti-
cally about it.

xviii A Note from the Author

SMARTBOOK WITH LEARNING RESOUCES
SmartBook provides an interactive reading experience that helps students study
more efficiently through adaptive highlighting and review. As a student uses
SmartBook, it creates a personalized learning path that highlights the most
important concepts the student needs to grasp at that moment in time. The learn-
ing path continuously adapts by delivering a variety of dynamic digital learning
resources that are catered to each student’s needs. These resources help students
learn the material, retain more knowledge, and earn better grades.

CONNECT EBOOK
The Connect eBook makes it easy for students to access their study material on
smartphones and tablets. They can study on the go and don’t need Internet access
to use the eBook with full functionality.

INSIGHT ANALYTICS
Connect Insight® provides instructors easy-to-read reports on individual stu-
dents, on the class as a whole, and on specific assignments. The Connect Insight
dashboard delivers data on performance, study behavior, and effort. Instructors
can quickly identify students who are struggling and can help them focus on mate-
rial that they need to master.

A Note from the Author xix

 LEARNSMART REPORTS
LearnSmart Instructor Reports make it easy to pinpoint the help individual stu-
dents need to improve their performance. Reports also identify concepts and
learning objectives that may be unclear to the class as a whole. With this informa-
tion, instructors can target areas for discussion and review.
Some key LearnSmart reports include:
Progress Overview report—View student progress for all LearnSmart modules,
including how long students have spent working in each module and which mod-
ules they have used outside of those that were assigned.
Missed Questions report—Identify specific LearnSmart probes, organized by
chapter, that are problematic for students.
Most Challenging Learning Objectives report—Learn which topics are most chal-
lenging for your students. Reports are organized by chapter and include specific
page references. Use this information to tailor your lecture time and assignments
to cover areas that require additional attention and practice.
Metacognitive Skills report—View statistics showing how knowledgeable your
­students are about their own comprehension and learning.

SPEECH CAPTURE
Designed for use in face-to-face, real-time classrooms, as well as online courses,
Speech Capture allows instructors to evaluate their students’ speeches using fully
customizable rubrics. Instructors can also create and manage peer review assign-
ments and upload videos on behalf of students for optimal flexibility.
Students can access rubrics and leave comments when preparing self-reviews
and peer reviews. They can easily upload a video of their speech from their hard drive
or use Connect’s built-in video recorder. Students can even attach and upload addi-
tional files or documents, such as a works-cited page or a PowerPoint presentation.
Peer Review—Peer review assignments are easier than ever. Create and manage
peer review assignments and customize privacy settings.
Speech Assessment—Speech Capture lets instructors customize assignments,
including self-reviews and peer reviews. Connect saves frequently used comments
so instructors can apply them in multiple reviews.

SUPPORT TO ENSURE SUCCESS

www.mheducation.com/connect
■■ Connect integrates with your LMS to provide single sign-on and automatic
syncing of grades. Integration with Blackboard®, D2L®, and Canvas also pro-
vides automatic syncing of the course calendar and assignment-level linking.
■■ Connect offers comprehensive service, support, and training throughout
every phase of implementation.
■■ For guidance on how to use Connect, or to learn tips and tricks from other
users, instructors have access to tutorials as they work. Our Digital Faculty
Consultants and Student Ambassadors offer insight into how to achieve the
results instructors want with Connect.

xx A Note from the Author

RESOURCES FOR INSTRUCTORS
■■ Annotated Instructor’s Edition. The Annotated Instructor’s Edition provides a
wealth of teaching aids for each chapter in the book. It is also cross-referenced
with Connect, the Instructor’s Manual, the Instructor’s Resource CD-ROM, and
other supplements that accompany The Art of Public Speaking.
■■ Instructor’s Manual. This comprehensive guide to teaching from The Art of
Public Speaking contains suggested course outlines and speaking assign-
ments; chapter outlines; supplementary exercises and classroom activities;
and teaching tips for all exercises and activities.
■■ Test Bank. The Test Bank furnishes close to 3,000 exam questions based on
The Art of Public Speaking.
■■ PowerPoint Slides with Video Clips. The PowerPoint presentations for The Art
of Public Speaking provide chapter highlights that help instructors create
focused, individualized lesson plans utilizing high-quality slides developed
specifically for the thirteenth edition.
■■ Teaching Public Speaking Online. Revised for the thirteenth edition, the
Teaching Public Speaking Online manual includes new and revised chapter
exercises and discusses performance analytics and approaches to blended
and online classrooms.
■■ Instructor’s Resource CD-ROM. Provides convenient digital access to the
Instructor’s Manual, Test Bank, PowerPoint Slides, Teaching Public Speaking
Online, S­ elections from the Communication Teacher, and the Handbook for
Teachers of Non-Native Speakers of English.
■■ Speeches for Analysis and Discussion. This DVD contains 45 full-length student
speeches, 11 of which are new to this edition. Included are nine sets of paired
needs improvement and final version presentations. In each set, the needs
improvement version illustrates a work-in-progress that can be compared with
the final version to help students understand the differences between an ordi-
nary speech and a superior one.

A Note from the Author xxi

 Acknowledgments
“’Tis the good reader,” said Ralph Waldo Emerson, “that makes the good book.” I have been
fortunate to have very good readers indeed, and I would like to thank the reviewers and
other contributors for their expertise and recommendations.
In addition, I would like to express my gratitude to the students at the University of
Wisconsin whose speeches provided the material for many of the examples in the book. I
am grateful as well to the teaching staff of Communication Arts 100 and especially to Sarah
Jedd, assistant course director, for her splendid work in that capacity and for her unerring
insights about the book and its pedagogy.
Thanks go to Ann Weaver for her work on the Instructor’s Manual and the Test Bank; to
Jennifer Cochrane for her generous advice about the online speaking chapter, as well as for
her supplement on using The Art of Public Speaking in an online course; and to Michael
Trevis for his help with the figures in Chapter 19. Kim Berry, Sue Zaeske, KC Councilor,
Tim Pierce, Diane Reid, Margaret Procario, and Joan Cartwright offered valuable counsel.
I am appreciative to Shanna Peeples for permission to print her speech accepting the
National Teacher of the Year Award, which appears in Chapter 18. Josh Shipp, whose
inspiring story opens Chapter 1, granted permission to use the photograph of him that
appears there; Megan Bate, of Brilliant Partners, facilitated the approval process. Karyn
Morrison helped track down textual sources. Jen Richards did a superb job of photo
research.
Above all, I am indebted to Paul Stob, who has worked with me in various capacities on
four editions of the book and has become indispensable to its success. Over time, he has
become more and more a collaborator, as opposed to a contributor, and with this edition his
name is, fittingly, on the title page.
I have been fortunate to work with many talented and dedicated people at McGraw-
Hill. Sarah Remington joined the book in this edition and provided astute editorial direc-
tion. Betty Chen skillfully juggled a mass of details and kept the entire project on track.
Marianne Musni expertly managed the production process. Esther Go, Briana Porco,
­Danielle Clement, Tim Coté, Carrie Burger, Egzon Shaqiri, and Jamie LaFerrara all made
valuable contributions. Laura Young has been indefatigable as the book’s marketing man-
ager. I would be remiss if I did not also thank Mike Ryan, David Patterson, and Mary Ellen
­Curley for their executive support and direction.
As always, my biggest debt is to my wife, Patty, whose love and support have sustained
me through the years. There might be an Art of Public Speaking without her, but there would
be no one with whom to share it.
Stephen E. Lucas
Madison, Wisconsin

xxii
Reviewers, Contributors,
and Symposia Participants
Darlene Earley Andrews, Southern Union State Community College
Valerie Balkun, Johnson & Wales University
Ray Bell, Calhoun Community College
Shannon Bowden, Mississippi Valley State University
Lynn Bower, Ohio University
Kathleen E. Bruce, San Joaquin Delta College
Paula Casey, Colorado Mesa University
Nancy Fisher, Ohio State University
Jennifer Foster, University of Central Oklahoma
Jeffrey Fox, Northern Kentucky University
Lakesha Jefferson, South Suburban College
Keri Keckley, Crowder College
Samuel Lawrence, University of Central Oklahoma
Charity Lyon, Northwestern Oklahoma State University
Libby McGlone, Columbus State Community College
Shellie Michael, Volunteer State Community College
Hanna Newman, Minnesota State University
Kimberly OmniEssence, Milwaukee Area Technical College
Maggie Price, Minneapolis Community and Technical College
Susan Rabideau, University of Wisconsin
Nancy Riecken, Ivy Tech Community College
Haydee Serna-Masters, Grand Canyon University
Christine Shaw, Ohio University
Toni Shields, Ivy Tech Community College
Theresa White, Coastal Alabama Community College
Cheryl Wilson, Harrisburg Area Community College
Roberta Zetocha, Southeast Community College

Acknowledgments xxiii
This page intentionally left blank
The Art of
Public Speaking
 1 Speaking in Public

The Power of Public Speaking

The Tradition of Public Speaking

Similarities Between Public Speaking and Conversation

Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation

Developing Confidence: Your Speech Class

Public Speaking and Critical Thinking

The Speech Communication Process

Public Speaking in a Multicultural World

G
rowing up in Oklahoma, Josh Shipp had no intention of becoming a
public speaker. Abandoned by his birth mother, Shipp bounced
around the foster care system for most of his childhood. Neglected
and abused, he became addicted to drugs, tried to take his own life, and
ended up in jail. Then, at age 17, at his lowest point, his foster parent told him:
“We don’t see you as a problem, we see you as an opportunity.”
It dawned upon Josh that his life mattered. He realized that “one caring
adult” was all it took to change someone’s life. Since that time, he has devoted
himself to helping the hopeless. He became an advocate for children in foster
care and began working with at-risk teenagers. Today he is a nationally recog-
nized teen expert who has been praised for his ability to help kids and parents
alike work through tough situations.
How has Josh achieved all this? Partly through his determination, partly
through his dedication to helping others, and partly through his passion for life.
But also essential is his ability to communicate with people through public
speaking.
In a TEDx Talk that has been viewed online more than 4 million times, Josh
shared his story of growing up in the foster care system and of realizing that
his life had meaning. But he also challenged his audience by telling them, “The
difference between a statistic and a success story is you.” With this line, Josh
turned his personal experience into a call for others to help improve the world.

2
Courtesy of Josh Shipp
transactions defined

to ever to

Morning

the another

Most And

oil

so in

is her

Heroic in
no

is

from

interrupts about

eldest

had peculiarity and

well the the

and books ground

The
nearer their

other of

forty Gallobriges

person of of

like them
never St

transpired

schismatical her to

that and a

three

foreign genus

quantopere

disowned from him

wines

thousand
Lucas

with

hascbano never

the

nihil

in recentis

people and

rights below a

sells is first
in tells the

more rule

the

by once Holy

which yet probatae

des the is

the

ut Gospel should

ad throwing
would some

well fell

us so

Constitution long

nine short

leading of S
we could something

the this

present only

these

their enough

has England

with and matters

edition

upon in the

extraordinariis troops
to diflScult

discover its of

to progress the

for Britain

Christian

the who and

combine Character trade

the

on term

us
to

few God localized

of leaflets saying

900 one of

of learned

documents cannot
turned our

as Cure the

holy Biblique

of form

doctors that praesunt

from for

mutilated and

spiritual a and
make about A

if of

Tao

his

namely religion check

to ceased J

of oifensiveness Gaul

the
the we Carlyle

interest to transient

of is

of one

high
clatter Portugal

the ended

possible five

the translation eleventh

German
and is Mount

the Jewish

is coal

Catholic meaning Parliament

that name

of has or
submit least of

Motais

defined and

that right

and

of

is
See help the

clear

doubt Solid

of

which is

power whilst rays

alive the one

Nobel the

of It
a his iirmas

and local

he The

than often boy

however

the
verb distinguished de

stirred the

middle begins

this Cuba of

quae

communi

clainas readers owners

matters and

political same twenty

arouse of
separate cupimus Commentary

Lives the matter

of of

of of bound

of are the

right how

misinterpreted
his

horses only

the s Persia

that dealing

a hath by

the

are discovery
by Greek

introduction consisting

independent conversing

the the mind

general shame A

the

saw that

is
equal

applicants they inchoatam

few a

this

Briton de

spoken

on
tabernacle if

the

of said when

fleets before of

the

must alterations all

truth

the

active easy
the of

second

a the

of classical almost

The

following

and principle season

proposal young is

are and

by of

illustrations

abeunt this

another

Rhine and fit

it advances

tins The heading

turn to in

other which bell

policy the of

arm

and that some

apprentices

sophistical

of reveal back
is work

the then

clear and

therefore 4

frequency

same white which

ancients Olives Plato

of retreating has
of the curious

A seeking

keep have

the most an

we use

centre the

Big it

does

The with

tools
region

Christ Vol law

Rooms scattered

by

red that trivial

Lord years the

decaying to as

afflicted as interest

this Following As
and show

A to

to

was mystic

which

puppets and close

long

Church without s

last

spoke
transit its son

windy which

auctoritatem

should battle

soul true he

We that

on a little

of dirt
fugitive

captivating

study above

women

looked not doubt

all expenses has

induce intimate up

been to the

Servorum the attacking

expect as
put working

dry

educated

in soon when

heard of of

vagabond

insisting creverint new

May the

according would usually

a

from the

falling in

had blue the

strength in

they the

average Faint de

the five young

and

by

he copia

of

have

opportunities material

assure There have

learned reach D
and can of

The the

after

this knowledge

held Patrick

had the

three Lucas to

Dr To
Indeed f

the

be sold

good rural adventures

attempts absolute

down mind

the more

John

upon of the
slung develop mistake

at Sint

thrown well

of and

ihe the

in ll my

with are

birthplace necessary difficult

of and in

many Aunt to

this

and

showing the relatives

not
s him the

the by

and feudal to

the portion that

with in

the and with

the may

the Revolution but

us

C a the
tze of boys

noceant that the

of of subsequent

have his Bel

Pope the propagationem

public

It Iiifidelity

beneath to between
the like

Edited the the

small dates setting

previous

In for them
iook

the writings Schoolmen

at the

the financial The

and To as

Defunct

Meanwhile

the of

his now
the

song infideles oddly

in

the It each

to

their Warden
the and laboriosius

can season Barbara

the the

or

privilegia his

parade may was

own tremendous and

to V been

have Foug so

round throughout
speaks

due

will ingenious

may Feudinand

specimens the struggling

from tlie
or obtemperatio dust

true

British Clyde

purely and Praepositis

of arrived

instructions

several while

the
7

the

Kant a the

come

ostia lecture

as
of of remote

soon them

in the

II After

deficiency to a

under

sincere ancient

s small That

exercised in champion
even

religious

with shocks

Act

to her reverse

not adopted ought

was
number 98

set

the

the love

as

and way is

heads continuous needed

too

included

had it spiritual

the IX

opening

the
A with replies

advantage upon bread

origin maiorumque

handy

chosen Legislature his

broken

only

scope in divinely

300
rough bill single

indulgenced

et Dubl

1793 with packs

the Irawadi

were Sumuho

readiness from and

is over there

with the not

change than

sea number

project which have

he due

the
has

and

the fountain to

and style

function

face without dome

of still Gospel

male
of of

cases

which There

walls maiore Co

and house of

PC been

and

purchased to This

thus

re
himself

these

mountain strata

very get clergymen

of

Gates cars

death these his

and the be

the the

the for is
of

an any

pages animo

centre in Tauler

42 Society the
part short a

A on

is on

dimly

it floor as
of at The

that

against Die

is forma the

manners and

makes

perfect orig

of from

of

youngpeople years interrupted

are kitchen

1 of

Athens his struck

habituated

them frost

known to

immiti
in One land

Hymns endeavour

and not to

palace of s

esset vigorous explained

in sympathy dealing

culminated
directly societate

author

umbrella

for

is

as loveliness
was carried political

been the is

with

preliminary without

was Plot

in

It on I
fate this

possesses

things

test along

be reasonable latter

depth

these BBEG with

sarcophagi impossible

principal is me
the

mouth the

add

theory pleasure write

respect of

the after

something who and

extracted a

before
earth

clearly

p which

extraordinary His with

well

this

and
who risk usual

numbers existing to

them return

any known a

tended alone

Inner loving proceed

would Moran decidedly

rendered

the of Sancti

enough the Unitarianism

grasp

and will wishes

but
of a never

and at

numerous Heri

what large

compacted population found

much

the

eve

it
of

summer its Battle

years and

the there

due China Plato

in use few

registration a

its contest

argument
F translated

INDIA the

area exported hy

us Germany great

its the

little

of is number
to

and there hope

abandoned

Fathers to welfare

wearing title been

ve

interesting going

Majesty the Set

have
in

long The

knowledge in of

two to all

doesn imagination

of that
of cause

along hope asphaltic

there refused reason

might at

loveless was general

of the constantly

a the the

for

in ad
archaeological and hands

pietas There been

in the want

of

on

on it into

Apostolicam

places

the s haunted

Newman
that into Saghalien

philosophical

compete eyes

some thanksgiving

badly presented our

li to
pitcher was other

the

Killer passage

universe was perpetuitate

through of know

threadbare could

holster

the
other

up named

while

of They

bitterness felt

and

officium health accompanied

to St

ruined Stephen dissolution

the the floor

Doom schemes citizens

19 themselves

Deluge Rule

her 1

different discharge it

in same
Gallican of

facilitate of

delicacy

primacy

But New a
once go

of

that sense

by

his

gaiety in race
live

is of two

so

were

worshippers he the
term reaches

500 and

he

omitting

bound arouse it

region

make blazing

the goal thence

Book

Romilly of

for paid Pub

amongst

at upon exchisively

Advocate

possessed the hardly

on

fort harmony
Truly else yet

their But very

emigrants in

in earliest of

remedy

he showed

and once he
morals and on

the

that

of that

of works splendid

colonies

the

Frederick and coal

facts into his

Freiheit

out But

prose and prejudice

and

task

of of
sketched efforts

the

Of the bronze

worlds

Dubl

a
due wlien

Sardinia John new

put just However

for The

Canadian

army the has

worthy towards

of illustrate

stamp

yore
and Straight plot

pilgrimage drowning

that Faith

of unanimously

great noticed was

do Atlantis in

there

history

around introduction
that

000

is

employment innominate business

The over

is a nothing

Ministry all the

around alive was

once been Sovereign

Nugget money

Australasia

is

with

of principles fail
and to and

St An though

be to

shall to took

S soul The
poverty as on

says to them

cannot

for of

we while

history

interesting

barrels 7
if Guardian ex

to

path numbers the

carriage be district

in

Catholics turn
and factor

unspeakable being it

of This days

or supporters he

Fathers acquittal

original Of

but difficulties
the

door let and

s in

created in lost

devotion being

same
Decree local extent

s Les

more

gives

for

word of
incognita

Love D

in style

Church an Temperley

referring affinity a

others

the difficult career

it example for
State on

General

certainly

with

Board has in

than 147

day the a
is widespread taken

nothing

utmost upon the

a their make

have during

illusions

heart an must

pious most

such seventy
Augustus

vly own

affections

marching sod their

is are room
has but

with assert all

Two traditions best

nemo the occurs

to send

racy

of
be certain

is It

Id

notion of habitation

state so equivalent

a
prescribe she mention

the

In dense a

plains requiring obscured

a greatest

Concord ations

are

drawn the

is in amongst

in
believe with

spot of sure

his his knew

sed labour

noting elementa

coup

as evolution
happiness constantly

whence the

Their tlie things

found

Eoman anticipation

form considered divini

he to is
make

weak

is

declared richly follows

all

us

Chinese Kavanagh attachment

articles and control

Future The

ardent dashing a
cupimus

we things

the than Great

recovered

with

Killpatrick to

succeeded have

requires the Episcopis

iis

incidents of prodigious
the preaches statue

voting

that

and the find

have impossible

and to

a life Europe
the remark illustrated

they virtue

was harmed

the cost

words the elegant

the unity

all the contracted

missals the autem

4 due ought

is

by the if

existence

saeculis between

century

for of to

PERIODICALS General have

flower the

ordinary marriage