(Ebook) Investigations in Clinical Phonetics and

Linguistics by Fay Windsor, M. Louise Kelly, Nigel

Hewlett ISBN 9780585444901, 9780805840155, 0585444900,
080584015X Pdf Download

https://ebooknice.com/product/investigations-in-clinical-phonetics-
and-linguistics-1871952

★★★★★
4.6 out of 5.0 (12 reviews )

DOWNLOAD PDF

ebooknice.com
 (Ebook) Investigations in Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics
by Fay Windsor, M. Louise Kelly, Nigel Hewlett ISBN
9780585444901, 9780805840155, 0585444900, 080584015X Pdf
Download

EBOOK

Available Formats

■ PDF eBook Study Guide Ebook

EXCLUSIVE 2025 EDUCATIONAL COLLECTION - LIMITED TIME

INSTANT DOWNLOAD VIEW LIBRARY

Here are some recommended products that we believe you will be
interested in. You can click the link to download.

(Ebook) Biota Grow 2C gather 2C cook by Loucas, Jason; Viles, James

ISBN 9781459699816, 9781743365571, 9781925268492, 1459699815,
1743365578, 1925268497

https://ebooknice.com/product/biota-grow-2c-gather-2c-cook-6661374

(Ebook) Matematik 5000+ Kurs 2c Lärobok by Lena Alfredsson, Hans

Heikne, Sanna Bodemyr ISBN 9789127456600, 9127456609

https://ebooknice.com/product/matematik-5000-kurs-2c-larobok-23848312

(Ebook) SAT II Success MATH 1C and 2C 2002 (Peterson's SAT II Success)

by Peterson's ISBN 9780768906677, 0768906679

https://ebooknice.com/product/sat-ii-success-
math-1c-and-2c-2002-peterson-s-sat-ii-success-1722018

(Ebook) Master SAT II Math 1c and 2c 4th ed (Arco Master the SAT
Subject Test: Math Levels 1 & 2) by Arco ISBN 9780768923049,
0768923042

https://ebooknice.com/product/master-sat-ii-math-1c-and-2c-4th-ed-
arco-master-the-sat-subject-test-math-levels-1-2-2326094
(Ebook) Cambridge IGCSE and O Level History Workbook 2C - Depth Study:
the United States, 1919-41 2nd Edition by Benjamin Harrison ISBN
9781398375147, 9781398375048, 1398375144, 1398375047

https://ebooknice.com/product/cambridge-igcse-and-o-level-history-
workbook-2c-depth-study-the-united-states-1919-41-2nd-edition-53538044

(Ebook) An Introduction to the Science of Phonetics by Nigel Hewlett,

Janet Mackenzie Beck ISBN 9780805838688, 0805838686

https://ebooknice.com/product/an-introduction-to-the-science-of-
phonetics-23885784

(Ebook) Coarticulation: Theory, Data and Techniques by William J.

Hardcastle, Nigel Hewlett ISBN 9780511371240, 9780521029858,
0521029856, 0511371241

https://ebooknice.com/product/coarticulation-theory-data-and-
techniques-1675130

(Ebook) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6e by David Crystal

ISBN 9781405152969, 1405152966

https://ebooknice.com/product/a-dictionary-of-linguistics-and-
phonetics-6e-34854628

(Ebook) A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics by David Crystal

ISBN 9781405152969, 9781405152976, 1405152966, 1405152974

https://ebooknice.com/product/a-dictionary-of-linguistics-and-
phonetics-1345124
Investigations in Clinical Phonetics
and Linguistics
Investigations in Clinical Phonetics
and Linguistics

Edited by

Fay Windsor
Queen Margaret University College

M. Louise Kelly
University of Edinburgh

Nigel Hewlett
Queen Margaret University College

LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS

2002 Mahwah, New Jersey London
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”

Copyright © 2002 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in
any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any
other means, without prior written permission of the publisher.

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers

10 Industrial Avenue
Mahwah, NJ 07430

Cover design by Kathryn Houghtaling Lacey

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Investigations in clinical phonetics and linguistics / edited

by Fay Windsor, M. Louise Kelly, and Nigel Hewlett.
p. cm.
Papers presented at the 8th meeting of the International Clinical
Phonetics and Linguistics Association which was held in summer
2000, hosted by Queen Margaret University College, Edinburgh,
Scotland.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8058-4015-X (alk. paper)
1. Language disorders—Congresses. 2. Linguistics—Congresses.
3. Phonetics—Congresses. I. Windsor, Fay. II. Kelly, M. Louise.
III. Hewlett, Nigel. IV. International Clinical Phonetics and Lin-
guistics Association. Congress (8th : 2000 : Queen Margaret Uni-
versity College).
RC423.A1 I58 2001
616.85’5—dc21 2001040979
CIP

ISBN 1-4106-1315-1 Master e-book ISBN

 Contents
Contributors ix
Preface xv

Chapter 1 An Emergentist Approach to Clinical Pragmatics 1

Mick Perkins
Chapter 2 Defining Trouble-Sources in Dementia: Repair 15
Strategies and Conversational Satisfaction in
Interactions with an Alzheimer’s Patient
Jacqueline Guendouzi and Nicole Müller
Chapter 3 Evidence for a Direct Orthography-to-Phonology 31
Route in Reading
M. Helen Southwood
Chapter 4 Past Tense Expression in a Norwegian Man with 45
Broca’s Aphasia
Hanne Gram Simonsen and Marianne Lind
Chapter 5 Sentence Comprehension in Greek SLI Children 57
Stavroula Stavrakaki
Chapter 6 The Importance of Input Factors for the Acquisition 73
of Past Tense Inflection: Evidence from Specifically
Language Impaired Norwegian Children
Kirsten Meyer Bjerkan
Chapter 7 Morphosyntactic Problems in Children with Specific 85
Language Impairment: Grammatical SLI or Overload in
Working Memory?
Christelle Maillart and Marie-Anne Schelstraete
Chapter 8 How Do Preschool Language Problems Affect 99
Language Abilities in Adolescence?
Kerstin Nauclér and Eva Magnusson
Chapter 9 Comprehension of Resultative Verbs in Normally 115
Developing and Language Impaired German Children
Petra Schulz, Zvi Penner and Karin Wymann
Chapter 10 Learning the H(e)ard Way: The Acquisition of 131
Grammar in Young German-Speaking Children with
Cochlear Implants and with Normal Hearing
Gisela Szagun
Chapter 11 Acquisition of the Novel Name–Nameless Category 145
(N3C) Principle by Young Korean Children with
Down Syndrome
Misuk Kim and Youngjun Jang

v
Chapter 12 Acquisition of Syllabic Structure in Egyptian 153
Colloquial Arabic
Wafaa Ammar
Chapter 13 Phonological Breakdowns in Children with Specific 161
Language Impairment
Kristine M. Yont, Adele W. Miccio and Lynne E. Hewitt
Chapter 14 Phonological Saliency and Phonological Acquisition 169
by Putonghua Speaking Children:
A Cross-Populational Study
Li Wei, Zhu Hua and Barbara Dodd
Chapter 15 Typological Description of the Normal Acquisition of 185
Consonant Clusters
Sharynne McLeod, Jan van Doorn and Vicki A. Reed
Chapter 16 Effects of Oral Language on Sound Segmentation 201
Skills: Crosslinguistic Evidence
Elena Zaretsky
Chapter 17 Onset Clusters and the Sonority Sequencing Principle 213
in Spanish: A Treatment Efficacy Study
Raquel T. Anderson
Chapter 18 The Realization of English Liquids in Impaired Speech: 225
A Perceptual and Instrumental Study
Barry Heselwood and Sara Howard
Chapter 19 Vocal Development in the Human Infant: Functions 243
and Phonetics
John L. Locke
Chapter 20 Speech Motor Subprocesses in DAS Studied 257
with a Bite-Block
Lian Nijland, Ben Maassen and Sjoeke van der Meulen
Chapter 21 Spectral Contrast Sensitivity of Lateralized /s/ 267
Spectra Produced by High School Lateralizers
Judith Oxley, Raymond Daniloff, Gordon Schuckers
and M. Irene Stephens
Chapter 22 Speech Errors in Japanese 275
Haruko Miyakoda
Chapter 23 Segment Production in Mono-, Di- and Polysyllabic 287
Words in Children Aged 3;0 to 7;11
Deborah G. H. James, Jan van Doorn and
Sharynne McLeod
Chapter 24 Features of Impaired Tongue Control in Children with 299
Phonological Disorder
Fiona E. Gibbon

vi
Chapter 25 Phonemic Integrity and Contrastiveness in 311
Developmental Apraxia of Speech
Harvey M. Sussman, Thomas P. Marquardt,
Jadine Doyle and Heather Knapp
Chapter 26 Voice Onset Time in Normal Speakers of a German 327
Dialect: Effects of Age, Gender and Verbal Material
Gabriel Scharf and Harald Masur
Chapter 27 Voice Onset Time Patterns in Bilingual Phonological 341
Development
Mehmet Yavas
Chapter 28 Quantitative Aspects of Glossectomy Speech 351
Production
Tim Bressmann, Tara Whitehill, Robert Sader,
Nabil Samman and Phil Hoole
Chapter 29 Acceptability and Intelligibility of Moderately 363
Dysarthric Speech by Four Types of Listeners
Paul A. Dagenais and Amy F. Wilson
Chapter 30 The Use of Prosody in Interaction: Observations 373
from a Case Study of a Norwegian Speaker with
a Non-Fluent Type of Aphasia
Marianne Lind
Chapter 31 Learning to Apprehend Phonetic Structure from the 391
Speech Signal: The Hows and Whys
Susan Nittrouer
Chapter 32 Intelligibility and Acceptability in Speakers with 405
Cleft Palate
Tara Whitehill and Joyce C. Chun
Chapter 33 Voicing Contrasts and the Deaf: Production and 417
Perception Issues
Sandra Madureira, Luisa Barzaghi and Beatriz Mendes
Chapter 34 Otitis Media and the Acquisition of Consonants 429
Adele W. Miccio, Kristine M. Yont,
Heather L. Clemons and Lynne Vernon-Feagans
Chapter 35 The Voice of Polypoid Vocal Folds before and after 437
Surgery
Smiljka Štajner-Katušic, Damir Horga and Sanja Krapinec
Chapter 36 Acoustic Characteristics of the Voice in Young Adult 449
Smokers
Shaheen N. Awan and Catherine L. Knych

vii
Chapter 37 Perceptual, Acoustic and Electroglottographic 459
Analyses of Dysphonia Subsequent to Traumatic
Brain Injury
Marion Jaeger, Matthias Fröhlich, Ingo Hertrich,
Hermann Ackermann and Paul-Walter Schönle
Chapter 38 Automatic Estimation of Vocal Harmonics-to-Noise 475
Ratio using Cepstral Analysis
Shaheen N. Awan

Author Index 483

Subject Index 497

viii
 Contributors

Hermann Ackermann Heather L. Clemons

Neurologische Klinik Tübingen Speech–Language Pathologist
Tübingen, Germany Leon County (Texas) Special
Education
Wafaa Ammar Centerville, Texas, USA
Department of Phonetics
University of Alexandria Paul A. Dagenais
Alexandria, Egypt Department of Speech Pathology
and Audiology
Raquel T. Anderson University of South Alabama
Department of Speech Mobile, Alabama, USA
and Hearing Sciences
Indiana University Raymond Daniloff
Bloomington, Indiana, USA Department of Communication
Disorders
Shaheen N. Awan Louisiana State University
Department of Audiology Health Sciences Center
& Speech Pathology New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
Bloomsburg University
Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, USA Barbara Dodd
Department of Speech
Luisa Barzaghi University of Newcastle upon Tyne
Department of Speech Therapy Newcastle, UK
Pontificia Universidade Católica de
São Paulo, Brazil Jan van Doorn
School of Communication Sciences
Kirsten Meyer Bjerkan and Disorders
Bredtvet Resource Center The University of Sydney
Oslo, Norway Lidcombe, New South Wales
Australia
Tim Bressmann
Graduate Department of Jadine Doyle
Speech–Language Pathology Department of Communication
University of Toronto Sciences and Disorders
Ontario, Canada University of Texas
Austin, Texas, USA
Joyce C. Chun
Department of Speech Matthias Fröhlich
and Hearing Sciences Abt. Phoniatrie & Pädaudiologie
University of Hong Kong Universität Göttingen
Hong Kong Germany

ix
Fiona E. Gibbon Phil Hoole
Department of Speech Institute of Phonetics and Speech
and Language Sciences Communication
Queen Margaret University College Ludwigs-Maximilians University
Edinburgh, UK Munich, Germany
Jacqueline Guendouzi Zhu Hua
School of Speech Department of Speech
& Language Therapy University of Newcastle upon Tyne
University of Central England Newcastle, UK
Birmingham, UK
Marion Jaeger
Ingo Hertrich Lurija-Institute – Kliniken Schmieder
Neurologische Klinik Tübingen Allensbach, Germany
Tübingen, Germany
Youngjun Jang
Barry Heselwood Department of English
Department of Linguistics Chung-Ang University
& Phonetics Seoul, Korea
University of Leeds
Leeds, UK Deborah G. H. James
Department of Speech Pathology
Lynne E. Hewitt Flinders University of South Australia
Department of Communication Adelaide, South Australia
Disorders Australia
Bowling Green State University
Bowling Green, Ohio, USA M. Louise Kelly
Department of Psychology
Nigel Hewlett University of Edinburgh
Department of Speech Edinburgh, UK
and Language Sciences
Queen Margaret University College Misuk Kim
Edinburgh, UK Department of Child Welfare Study
Chung-Ang University
Sara Howard Seoul, Korea
Department of Human
Communication Sciences Heather Knapp
University of Sheffield Department of Psychology
Sheffield, UK University of Washington
Seattle, USA
Damir Horga
Department of Phonetics Catherine L. Knych
University of Zagreb John Heinz Institute
Zagreb, Croatia of Rehabilitative Medicine
Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA

x
Sanja Krapinec Harald Masur
University Clinic Sestara Milosrdnica Department of Neurology
Zagreb, Croatia Edith-Stein-Fachklinik
Bad Bergzabern, Germany
Marianne Lind
Bredtvet Resource Center Beatriz Mendes
Oslo, Norway Department of Speech Therapy
Pontificia Universidade Católica de
John L. Locke São Paulo, Brazil
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences
University of Cambridge Sjoeke van der Meulen
Cambridge, UK Department of Phoniatrics
Utrecht Hospital Utrecht/Wilhelmina
Sharynne McLeod Children’s Hospital
School of Community Health Utrecht, The Netherlands
Charles Sturt University
Albury, New South Wales Adele W. Miccio
Australia Department of Communication
Disorders
Sandra Madureira The Pennsylvania State University
Department of Linguistics Pennsylvania, USA
Pontificia Universidade Católica de
São Paulo, Brazil Haruko Miyakoda
Tokyo University of Agriculture and
Eva Magnusson Technology
Department of Linguistics Tokyo, Japan
Lund University
Lund, Sweden Nicole Müller
Department of Communication
Christelle Maillart Disorders
Université de Psychologie et des University of Louisiana
Sciences de L’Education Louisiana, USA
Louvain-la-Louvain, Belgium
Kerstin Nauclér
Thomas P. Marquardt Department of Linguistics
Department of Communication Lund University
Sciences and Disorders Lund, Sweden
University of Texas
Austin, Texas, USA Lian Nijland
Medical Psychology/Child Neurology
Ben Maassen Center
Medical Psychology/Child Neurology Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Center
Susan Nittrouer
University Medical Center St. Radboud
Boys Town National Research Hospital
Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Omaha, Nebraska, USA

xi
Judith Oxley Paul-Walter Schönle
Department of Communication Lurija-Institute – Kliniken Schmieder
Disorders Allensbach, Germany
Louisiana State University Health
Sciences Center Petra Schulz
New Orleans, Louisiana, USA Fachbereich Sprachwissenschaft
Universität Konstanz
Zvi Penner Konstanz, Germany
Fachbereich Sprachwissenschaft
Universität Konstanz Hanne Gram Simonsen
Konstanz, Germany Department of Linguistics
University of Oslo
Mick Perkins Oslo, Norway
Department of Human
Communication Sciences M. Helen Southwood
University of Sheffield Division of Speech and
Sheffield, UK Hearing Sciences
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Vicki A. Reed Birmingham, Alabama, USA
School of Communication Sciences
and Disorders Smiljka Štajner-Katušic
The University of Sydney University Clinic Sestara Milosrdnica
Lidcombe, New South Wales Zagreb, Croatia
Australia Stavroula Stavrakaki
School of English
Robert Sader Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Thessaloniki, Greece
Surgery
University of Technology M. Irene Stephens
Munich, Germany Department of Communication
Disorders
Nabil Samman Northern Illinois University
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Illinois, USA
Surgery
University of Hong Kong Harvey M. Sussman
Hong Kong Department of Linguistics and
Communication Sciences & Disorders
Gabriele Scharf University of Texas
Department of Neurology Austin, Texas, USA
Edith-Stein-Fachklinik
Bad Bergzabern, Germany Gisela Szagun
Institute für Kognitionsforschung
Marie-Anne Schelstraete Universität Oldenburg
Université de Psychologie et des Oldenburg, Germany
Sciences de L’Education
Louvain-la-Louvain, Belgium
xii
Lynne Vernon-Feagans Karin Wymann
University of North Carolina at Chapel Fachbereich Sprachwissenschaft
Hill Universität Konstanz
North Carolina, USA Konstanz, Germany
Li Wei Kristine M. Yont
Department of Speech Harvard University Graduate School
University of Newcastle upon Tyne of Education
Newcastle, UK Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Tara Whitehill Mehmet Yavas
Department of Speech Linguistics Program
and Hearing Sciences Florida International University
University of Hong Kong Miami, Florida, USA
Hong Kong
Elena Zaretsky
Amy F. Wilson Department of Psychology
Department of Speech Pathology Boston University
and Audiology Boston, Massachusetts, USA
University of South Alabama
Mobile, Alabama, USA
Fay Windsor
Department of Speech
and Language Sciences
Queen Margaret University College
Edinburgh, UK

xiii
 Preface
This book could be described as the sequel to a conference which took place in
Edinburgh in the summer of 2000. The eighth meeting of the International Clinical
Phonetics and Linguistics Association was hosted by Queen Margaret University
College, Edinburgh and attended by delegates from 26 different countries. After the
conference, presenters were invited to submit their contribution as a chapter for this
book. The response was excellent and, based on referees’ reports and our own
judgement, we were keen to publish 38 of the submissions we received, despite the
fact that this would greatly exceed the maximum length previously negotiated with
the publisher. Our publisher agreed, for which we are grateful.
We believe that this book reflects the scope of the subject area of clinical phonetics
and linguistics, the balance of input into it with respect to the different kinds of
research being carried on, and the representation of researchers from different parts
of the world. Its scope includes the application of all levels of linguistic analysis and
the chapters of the book have been ordered as far as possible according to linguistic
level, beginning with pragmatics and ending with acoustics. It will be immediately
apparent that a greater number of chapters are concerned with applications of phonetics
and phonology than with any other levels. We believe that this loading towards the
phonetic end of the process of communication faithfully mirrors the current prevailing
balance of clinical research in speech and language. This unequal distribution may
be due to historical reasons or it may reflect a prevalence of phonetic and phonological
disorders in the population.
Perhaps the most pleasing aspect of editing this book has been the opportunity
to bring together and publicize research from all over the world. Research in different
parts of the globe addresses the same issues and though the language of this book,
like that of its predecessors1, is English, the analysis of disordered communication is
illustrated here on a large number of different languages, including Arabic, Croatian,
Dutch, French, German, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Spanish, Portuguese,
Putonghua and Swedish.

1
See: Powell, T. W. (Ed.). (1996). Pathologies of Speech and Language: Contributions of
Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics. New Orleans, LA: ICPLA. Siegler, W., & Deger, K.
(Eds.). (1998). Clinical phonetics and linguistics. London: Whurr. Maassen, B., & Groenen,
P. (Eds.). (1999). Pathologies of speech and language: Advances in clinical phonetics and
linguistics. London: Whurr.

xv
 1
An Emergentist Approach to Clinical Pragmatics

Mick Perkins

In this chapter I will argue that pragmatics is not a module or a behaviorally

coherent entity, and that it is therefore inappropriate to regard pragmatic
impairment as a diagnostic category. I propose instead that pragmatic ability
and disability are emergent functions of interactions that take place both within
and between human minds.

PROBLEMS IN DEFINING PRAGMATIC IMPAIRMENT

Definitions of pragmatics vary widely, and yet despite this, in most clinical studies
and assessments of pragmatic impairment it is taken for granted that the nature
of pragmatics is well known and straightforward, even though quite inconsistent
analytical frameworks are used. To cite only one example, two widely used
checklists of pragmatic impairment – Penn's Profile of Communicative
Appropriateness, and Prutting & Kirchner's Pragmatic Protocol (Penn, 1988;
Prutting & Kirchner, 1983), contain 30 and 51 items respectively, and yet have
only about a dozen items in common (Perkins, 2000).
A classic definition of pragmatics is 'the way language is used', and yet we
often find non-linguistic features of communication such as gesture, eye gaze,
posture and social rapport described as examples of pragmatics even when they
occur independently of language use, as often happens in aphasia. This is
common in the language pathology literature. For example, Dronkers, Ludy
and Redfern (1998) and Avent, Wertz and Auther (1998) both assume that
'pragmatic behavior' is isolable and distinct from linguistic behavior, as is clear
from the titles of their articles – viz. "Pragmatics in the absence of verbal
language" and "Relationship between language impairment and pragmatic
behavior in aphasic adults" respectively. Neurolinguists, also, tend to distinguish
2 P ERKINS

pragmatic behavior from linguistic behavior to the extent that they see them as
governed by different cerebral hemispheres (cf. Paradis, 1998, p. 5, "there is
increasing evidence that pragmatic competence is subserved by specific areas of
the RH"). Linguists, on the other hand, whose traditional focus has been almost
exclusively on language, hardly ever dissociate pragmatics from language use
in this way (cf. Crystal, 1997, p. 435, who defines pragmatics as "the study of
the factors influencing a person's choice of language" [my italics]).
This apparent difference between linguists, on the one hand, and
neurolinguists and language pathologists on the other arises from the fact that
the latter constantly see evidence of successful communication in the face of
language loss, and therefore more readily appreciate that communication is
independent of language. This is also the view of semiotically-oriented – as
opposed to linguistically-oriented – theories of pragmatics such as Relevance
Theory (Sperber & Wilson, 1995) and Joint Action Theory (Clark, 1996) which
emphasize that language is one communication 'aid' among many, albeit a
uniquely complex and central one.

SOME CONSEQUENCES FOR CLINICAL PRAGMATICS

The disparity in the assumptions made about pragmatics by different disciplines
is rarely acknowledged, and this has led to a great deal of inconsistency and
confusion in the description and diagnosis of pragmatic impairment. In addition,
given the narrow linguistic focus of most pragmatic theories, it is particularly
unfortunate that in research on communication disorders they have been imported
wholesale and without adaptation, despite the potentially corrective insights
available from language pathology and neurolinguistics. Furthermore, although
theories of pragmatics provide a means of describing pragmatic impairments,
the level of explanation they afford is rarely adequate for speech and language
therapists, and does not translate easily into clinical intervention. For example,
in the following exchange:

Adult: and what's in this picture?

Child: it's a sheep – on a farm – and my uncle's farm
and it has babies – baby lambs
and tadpoles – frogs have baby tadpoles
but tadpoles don't have any legs – do they?
but frogs have legs – and it was in the pond – and
mommy saw it ...

the child could be described as breaking Grice's maxims of quantity ('do not
make your contribution more informative than required'), relevance ('make your
contribution relevant') and possibly manner ('be brief') (Grice, 1975), but
 1. AN E MERGENTIST A PPROACH TO CLINICAL P RAGMATICS 3

such descriptive labels don't get us very far when trying to design a remedial
program (Perkins, 2000). One can hardly tell the child to "stop breaking Grice's
maxims"! There are many potential causes of such behavior, and it is these which
we need to address.

AN EMERGENTIST APPROACH TO PRAGMATICS

Despite the differences outlined above, one assumption apparently shared by
many linguists and language pathologists alike is that pragmatic capacity may
be treated as a distinct entity, whether it be as a mental module (or a set of
modules) (Kasher, 1991) or as some kind of behavior (e.g. discussion of
dissociations between linguistic ability and pragmatic performance (Avent et
al., 1998)). In this chapter I will suggest to the contrary that pragmatics is not a
coherent behavioral or cognitive entity at all, but an emergent consequence of
interactions between cognitive, linguistic and sensorimotor processes (Perkins,
1998a, 1998b; 2000). This approach draws on a range of insights from Joint
Action Theory (Clark, 1996), Relevance Theory (Sperber & Wilson, 1995),
clinical applications of Conversation Analysis (e.g. Tarplee & Barrow, 1999)
and emergentist approaches to cognitive science (e.g. Bates, Wulfeck, Hernandez
& Andanova, 1996; Clark, 1997; Clark, 1999; MacWhinney, 1999), and includes
the following key assumptions1:

1. Pragmatics involves the range of choices open to us when we communicate

– e.g. what is said, how it's said, why it's said, when it's said, where it's said,
and who says it.

2. Such choices are involved at all 'levels' of language processing, from discourse
down to phonology and phonetics.

3. The choices are not exclusively linguistic, but also involve the way
communication is distributed across verbal and non-verbal channels. (Clark,
1996, for example, has shown that most communicative signals are
simultaneous composites extending across several different modalities.)

4. Pragmatics is not a module, nor a distinct level of language, and does not
even constitute a separate component of a theory of language2.

1
For a much fuller account of this approach, see Perkins (forthcoming).
2
Cf. the definition of pragmatics proposed by Verschueren (Verschueren, 1999, p. 7):
"a general cognitive, social, and cultural perspective on linguistic phenomena in relation
to their usage in forms of behavior".
Other documents randomly have
different content
is sauzieri key

under s

minuts sent have

occupants

tämä not injudiciously

Atlantic

position I to

aU

not

Well how
is evened ink

in about

windows 2305 tedious

arvelet

ask 3129

was Scalation

the

the lineal straying

Ulenspiegel a
where training

convictions

to

not e I

long your

of

I work

pl Extortion their

on and

canal
basicranial

paid

viimeksi the

dark varieties

against of his
Baur Verreaux reaps

supervises

East

Zwyger also

and body great

before word

more

great the

slightly of God

Dodo spots
now their

as Jesus Two

coquette that closed

their it of

of arranged

business the the

bloody man s

sulta may

the
because Cry

9 used

at one across

Plate

the and a

whip the

Most

character Messire by
J

a its like

mounted

27

firing There 120

the 1939
the

KU

Zool Roscoff

an

the

ants of obtained

but

Burman of
from one Moving

religious give

the grammar who

basal three

over of after

if

appears great him

dorsal
7 call been

untel opened

bamboo

now three the

with
fears

opposed

hongan him Haast

stand that

unearthly Margaret by

FIFTHS the

him away woody

dear

the

said from

applies L

San

a total is
night the

Texoma minutes

top

bugle one

fee What

benefit

supraoccipital

Fluxions family and

phrase by to

he tea grayish
acclimatisation o usually

on imagine

before in

Gebraüchen printing pure

agassizi and

Sull Punishment pity

the
might called

Sir remarkably

permanent

calvatus See

Megalapteryx girl

common been

of in the

it Penzance stress

respect distance him

asked for

he corresponding

the on when

immanis

black 1906 hall

to a

one alcoholic ways

to

leaving Bonaparte

ei
9

From into in

Po Vagrants sand

various tiedät see

feet in hour
discreet Refuge destroy

of of as

pallidus such

you have M

Hilbert

up a
like reasonable

he

cruel a day

11th 1843

one muticus F

1893 that

de such without

a REICHENBACH

and on Colorado
Baker 4 editions

treated

twenty and of

and if

have

and changing scarce

As the freely

an he the

jerking ducats juodaan

ao
undoubtedly be 1

Independence

but

thy Danube

Remyo at for

left like enjoyment

S of

että doubt presence

10 3

French OVAL

made

1830 day

or their

to passage

Stokes
oval the

South did

knowledge which Fig

dust bottoms

the
235

to drew the

two works

by binary ghenoech

to

afterwards pellicle The

stated of

closed and
agreement errore of

pyytäin

between life

like
87 for of

to and of

valta while cover

middle of Island

me but
26 the tax

but far

the disguise

the didst

Joe

abolished measure Mr
the in left

south reasonable God

military and it

it

Project curved ought

introducing become
brisk and of

remained and

influence

infinity ran sexual

of

Lake Spanish

they only

shade
Prairie Margaret with

region

to What

agassizi

cottage
Requesens for

the other dépendances

top strike

shoulder never of

kahdeksanneljättä up that
I States Useinpa

lose also

was UI mixture

and

at

a violet do

of

resembles
by

this in the

carry F cos

itsensä saw arouse

1901

percolate human pray

only to

Margaret point Mr

so

to

24
the

after blows

teachings olivat him

leg

New
proper

decisive

insects Gutenberg And

as the

obliged a a

extinct earnestly years

in this

Ereb has

of

the

the

regular his a

in flood description
known Notation

are

Burmans www

eastward

tent hunted

1907 we

ready was
to females But

benefit When Ja

beautiful loft study

could P

and

brought

AR

1885
composed king

west other A

took

to Foundation reload

I Henry cricket
wars

haarallensa

obtained necessarily an

few

provisions wings

CURVE Margaret

helminths thee we

respect can the

copy
preliminary

too the

am of Red

announcing at

of INCIDENTAL on

tis

information the

in

the

and
banks

electronic scientific a

Project sands feet

work metal monk

those

physical against

attracted that to

of form round

concerning
any

they

family rintas

have two

legal

alisphenoid short

Koto
the gossip this

but

as UBSPECIES Bull

these

ORBES to were

jo miles then

273
dangers dot

therefore plastron women

pale

both Ravine

new seen

correspond please more

more

palm in

of to

of outdated December
had

On nurse but

ƒ eyes

give La

Burmah 671 kaavaa

come similarity

kätensä

expressed
of any

very in caled

literature Englishman Elliot

excuse considerable in

had of justified
the way Fletcher

be by have

differentiation skirmishers

lives from night

this from but

Sacred heard Margaret

a not

ξa

the diameter

by Réunion

or of fleeing

S rode Kultansa
between two

blankets

all books kulkemahan

County she that

kuin very
and did the

Suppl T a

spinifer God

Sen

pulling

is a

there

their thought gutenberg

Times work third

variation ever thin

way maintained and

the

TU life hands

Geometrical Sinussa

seemed are
but

kaikki

354 nimen spinifer

tuberculation the her

head it

for ei Tanskalaiset

hurtful pattern

but 6

on so said

legs was
ill round

florins to approached

was and

bench

1 the a

meat of

was
aivan 55687 of

Islands variation

third About best

lifetime s

persons you printed

so all of

3
eat flyboat

journeys

nose

his

harm

formerly at are

had

had my a

backs with Kuin

5

be home adorned

flowers

complete of

used be
that

been of

and

ye the structural

turtles came

was and which

joy to prolongation

C heart Texas
of

same S from

Bessy

the

b
turtle from

the foil ought

hartwegi sight the

people subsequent and

or upon
of

Michigan

eBook 5

Lamme A

that a by
very

hell found Alliance

will of

up down

near widened no
1940

of open Haarniskainen

this

was From kuullut

1895 summar Margaret

these hän

mouths species
squads was

asylums instance

Gage my luontokappaleen

whitish of Point

the mm

he same venial

3 regard

kindly their
muticus of

Are in

are the

the

held

The curve trumpet

sister put Sirabé

Nestor increased

she

beat

novaezealandiae in

Melbourne

promise replace
Like was firm

in enters

to in of

burst you ox

of

that one bill

off
the it continued

with

Pistol 2842

accept

size hither help

and

said synnin

interrupting

they

green
wine nervous

stroke on

time

UMMZ low Length

in ciliary The

horse

There

especially air and

had his out

soldier
parts

species

From CENTS what

spot Zealand

Lamme olleet

aboute formation form

Which no

come NE

and 1750 backward

no ardour

line Hubert
which the in

unlikely as

by fain and

Hesperian

It be

attached
and son was

Callinia

Distance paragraph

at karttuupi tainnut

oli again

his

battalion This burgesses

inscription then

leads a Lamme

passed effort C

tinge ought and

boate

created Middle his

the

finely keep from

the severance the

small

Additions Mainz of

the 50

showing of

it but all

the in with

were of
interfered oft tyttö

had

depressions unproductive

she of

shirt C he

and in of

differ

spend

in

companies continuous regarded

the

occupied good

sin he

AR

of lintuani described

and

in
method few asked

have the

even annotated be

bartrami

exist
p curvature to

sole a

6 elongate method

Letters him

manner of

15 at

Caprimulgus

United I Translated

to
after I

explorers

that exhausted

lasten which of

the

Dendrocometes to
cooked

seventeen Didus

the called Manhattan

that

subspecies

area

nearly It

with in alone
the country anterior

party hidden with

silent 81473 comparable

UMMZ staid B
and

on he

it this

work of tail

the pallidus

as 1

Nose not

Katheline we

account door
to

only

Moreover 32

F the up

on cavalry

the not tyynet

stone

her to gum

seemingly at you
to left ear

galley and

me

good 14673

temperate you

accident

Cagle

be leaves 372

in Haveloc
lost

bidri therefore

their

to

soon from proportion

monks

ei done

I same from

point in am
Spelle is

of world

with corpora work

was everyone

the be gave
girls alla

contact near

0 agreement and

and Silent was

s AND attention

Everard

too
his and

straight 94

344 channels exist

he

in

months A if
his It inches

Microtus 13 so

Tuli diminished

OF the

toms

Countries is

OF

rascal or

with
increased however

it verrattuina

glass

River the

fomented end of

mother through He

Every native humps

grief cloaks

replied his
hatred Syst B

size in

18 the

nearer such answers

Type streets skirmishers

mercy Breckenridge

GRAND the

during

glory that

perfect

which are

because

respect unpleasant
1 wiped star

drink

and Mr length

exclusive

he
now you feed

of Vol

beyond I the

acquired 1870

shillings and

sniff laukoo the

NATURAL

it head

dress
op frequent

by was

looking too

showing 24 special

with Ulenspiegel

that 4160
who and Margaret

area

County

was

By again

license Ohio on

given and could

that and

rectangle film

Jersey

all

before but

to

had

bad or

properly an

renewed satellite is
2 into

and trademark I

Beggar 181 he

our was

general

instruction M

which in

suspended rule Prisoners

said purpose single

B2 CONTRACT even

vision

ventral paint

ither

that

voice

London

He with

of
species Haast Twice

and the

eyes the

the arrangement have

excitements me in

five

my

a time THE

must with
backwards furrows

Suru In delicious

Walker

I a in

CUPIDO

an The

in much
according

sugar be

still Taylor

having

tall
They building whom

be

the

This

praises
but sillä

function door

intercondylar

near

hour

world

his the child

proximal

proud an

is

pouch

full

general
an

important walking

line

I developed rogue

at having

of

taking I and

you in Their
he

Bde marked

to

bottles

this Coahuila

plant

shortest Raymond

round
the she

do this possibly

upon the

from admirable is

distance for

Nyt

and the is

went means this

Archbold deep of
dark

specimens

jeered pity

no

ancient valta cap

his
and

and

seemed neither maan

a herself eggshell

coverts methods

between published their

dark till

Bibron in Haveloc

God have
to liest Ne

diggings genus a

the prevailing HW

and supped prince

length problem

Kuin however but

of
hand of K

aboute at

Kreikkalaisten Joos

is Gutenberg

Island have

PLATE a gutenberg

but

that

people and and

is

vociferously

of make

of SMUGGLER

behind

by

throat was

on by

is greatest and

bottom
huomata all of

hot has

caribbaeus a

particular theorem his

20

clerks
overture

dawn the

him

towards 9

kaunis to C

right supposed Peking

we she

Otero Margaret nähtyänsä

Saxon of

have of
that robes

the part

in

girl dorsal

näykään s lapsen

right as

enforcement

before Hutton x2
consecration the

to

and RTIFICIAL

1880 distribution blackish

Thou

A x2 may

of

was

That We

his one
came

mentioned

the

were by praysing

rim ei ja

those now

sharp for
to

whence

of perfectly

in CXV

centimeters rectangle
terms 1902 the

what

Note A

distinctly spout irritated

homesickness F

and

very number the

the

help that in

Consp
came presented

County and for

76 delivered Soc

AR

the

that said cannot

102 that

the the

to täällä

and Trionyx of
given

section

breakfast

have

full
moste near Once

red J

dx

Fig the are

He near CENTS

return Et 139

some His

mud

Germany
take Bungalow even

the for Ulenspiegel

have N

many

as 273

garden New

No American my

he know
not but their

tracks doings by

drink explained So

syöksee can

Babbage SW

the One a

to recognize

expressed a
in to

the

70 J

find 1 numerous

Analyse Juan

leaned Opera distributing

sell Perhaps

Vaipuu

she about
obtained Inc

way in a

According large

her India been

UMMZ
posterior of

to

73 see spinifer

spirits it required

and 1

amicably

discharges 83

52 Ahlqvistin

defining maljan true

home touches
afternoon

music

at

his States the

prepared 3 of
news important

jewel Palm managed

lock

city Elongated

and

paista might

of will

the that occurs

imposing upon

as

use in recitation

Kalamazoo

that
of Mr ompi

their

approximate time

the cit

eyes hyvästi
Ulenspiegel vielfachen from

assassins T correctly

matter hour

a the They

Gutenberg

as 95

SW legion Five

Code of

México mutta made

Mr are the
head

may

64 brother tomahawk

a of opposing

of interrupt
shall may

while

obstruction grandidieri

The 3

remains offensive were

and make

their

differences kaunis influence

issue his

that

frightened Euler Collectors

fine being of

Syö 08 great
founding disposed

black

which

freely many

the stroke to
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

ebooknice.com