Eklavaya Tutorials

(Shop No – 22, C – Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)

XII Maths Assignment

By: - Gaurav Gupta

(9873276572)

1 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 Contents: -

1. Relation and functions……

2. Inverse trigonometry……..
3. Matrix ………………………….
4. Determinants……………….
5. Continuity……………………
6. Derivatives……………………
7. AOD………………….………….
8. Integration…………………..
9. AOI……………………………...
10. Differential equation……
11. Vector………………………….
12. 3D………………………………
13. LPP………………………………
14. Probability……………………

2 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 Eklavaya Tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)
By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572) Relations and functions

Reflexive, Symmetric and transitive

1. Show that the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3)}
is reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive.
2. Show that the relation R defined in the set A of all triangles as R = {(T 1, T2): T1 is similar
to T2}, is equivalence relation. Consider three right angle triangles T 1 with sides 3, 4, 5,
T2 with sides 5, 12, 13 and T3 with sides 6, 8, 10. Which triangles among T1, T2 and T3 are
related?
3. Check whether the relation R defined in the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} as R = {(a, b): b = a + 1}
is reflexive, symmetric or transitive.
4. Show that the relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by R = {(a, b): |a – b| is even},
is an equivalence relation. Show that all the elements of {1, 3, 5} are related to each
other and all the elements of {2, 4} are related to each other. But no element of {1, 3,
5} is related to any element of {2, 4}.
5. Let L be the set of all lines in XY plane and R be the relation in L defined as R = {(L 1, L2):
L1 is parallel to L2}. Show that R is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all lines
related to the line y = 2x + 4.
6. Show that the relation R in the set R of real numbers, defined as R = {(a,): a < b} is
reflexive, symmetric but not transitive.
7. Show that the relation R in the set R of real numbers, defined as R = {(a,): a < b2} is
neither reflexive nor symmetric and not transitive.
8. Check whether the relation R in R defined by R = {(a, b): a < b3} is reflexive, symmetric
or transitive.

c, for (a, b), (c, d) ∈ A*A. Prove that R is an equivalence relation, also
9. Let A= {1, 2, 3,..…..9} and R be the relation in A * A defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if a + d = b +

obtain the equivalence class (2, 5).

Function
10.Show that the function f: R → R defined f(x) = x2, is neither one – one nor onto.
11.Check the function f: N → N defined f(x) = x2, for one – one and onto.
12.Check the function f: N → N defined f(x) = x3, for one – one and onto.
13.Show that the function f: R → R defined f(x) = [x], is neither one – one nor onto.
14.Show that the Modulus Function f : R→R, given by f (x) = | x |, is neither one-one nor
onto, where | x | is x, if x is positive or 0 and | x | is – x, if x is negative.
n+1
15. , if n is odd

Let f: N → N be defined by f(n) = 2 , if n is even for all n ∈ N. check whether the

2
n

function is bijective or not.

16.Check injectivity and surjectivity f : R →R defined by f (x) = 1 + x2
17.Consider f : R+→ [4, ∞) given by f (x) = x2 + 4. Show that f is invertible with the
inverse f –1 of f given by f –1(y) = √ y−4 , where R+ is the set of all non-negative real
numbers.
18.Consider f: R+ → [– 5, ∞) given by f(x) = 9x2 + 6x – 5. Find f–1(y) and find f-1(43).

3 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

19. Let f : N →R be a function defined as f (x) = 4x2 + 12x + 15. Show that f : N→S,
where, S is the range of f, is invertible. Find the inverse of f.
20.Show that the function f: R → {x ∈ R: – 1 < x < 1} defined by f(x) = 1+ ¿ x∨¿ ¿ ,x ∈ R is
x

one-one and onto function

∀∈ R, is neither one-one nor
x
21.Show that the function f: R → R defined by f (x) = 2
x +1
onto.
22.Let f : {1, 3, 4} → {1, 2, 5} and g : {1, 2, 5} → {1, 3} be given by f = {(1, 2), (3, 5), (4, 1)}
and g = {(1, 3), (2, 3), (5, 1)}. Write down gof and fog.
3 x+4 7 x+4
23.Show that if f, g: R – {7/5} → R – {3/5} is defined by f(x) = 5 x−7 and g(x) = 5 x−3 , fog = I
and gof = I.
24.Let f, g and h be functions from R to R. Show that
a. (f + g)oh = foh + goh
b. (f.g)oh = (foh).(goh)
25.Find gof and fog, if
(i) f (x) = | x | and g(x) = | 5x – 2 |
(ii) f (x) = 8x3 and g(x) = x1/3.
4 x+3
26.If f(x) = ( 6 x−4 ) where x not equal to 2/3, Show that fof(x) = x for all x not equal to 2/3.
What is the inverse of f?
Eklavaya tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)
By Gaurav Gupta (9873276572) INVERSE TRIGONOMETRY

1. Express each of the following in the simplest form:

cosx
a. tan-1( 1−sinx )
1
b. tan-1( )
√ x 2−1
x
c. tan-1( )
√ a −x 2
2

2 3
3 a x −x
d. tan-1( 3 2)
a −3 a x
acosx−bsinx
e. tan-1( bcosx +asinx )
1
f. cot (sec-1x + sin-1 x )
g. cos-1(2x √ 1−x 2)
2
1 -1 2 x -1 1− y
h. tan 2 [sin 2 + cos 2]
1+ x 1+ y
√ 1+ sinx+ √1−sinx .
i. cot-1
√1+ sinx−√ 1−sinx
√ 1+ x + √1−x
j. tan-1
√1+ x− √1−x
tan-1( √
1+ x 2−1
k. )
x
2. Prove the following:

4 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 8 3 77
a. sin-1( 17 ) + sin-1( 5 ) = tan-1( 36 )
12 4 63
b. sin-1( 13 ) + cos-1( 5 ) +tan-1( 16 ) = π
c. 2sin-1 3/5 = tan-1 24/7.
- sin-1 = sin-1 √
9π 9 1 9 2 2
d. 8 4 3 4 3
-1 3 -1
e. sin (3x - 4x ) = 3sin x
ab+1 bc+1 ac+ 1
f. cot-1( a−b ) + cot-1( b−c ) + cot-1( c−a ) = 0.
1 3 4−√ 7
g. tan( 2 sin-1 4 ) = .
3

√
2
-1 1+ x -1
h. cos (tan (sin (cot x)) = 2
.
2+ x
1 1
i. cos(2 tan-1 7 ) = sin(4tan-1 3 )
1
3. If sin(sin-1 5 + cos-1x) = 1, then find the value of x.

4. If tan-1
√ 1+ x 2 +√ 1−x 2 = , then prove that x2 = sin2
√1+ x 2− √1−x 2
5. Solve the following:-
x−1 x+1 π
a. tan-1 x−2 + tan-1 x+2 = 4
b. 2tan-1(cosx) = tan-1(2cosecx)
π
c. sin-1(1 – x) – 2 sin-1x = 2
2
x −1 1 2x 2π
d. cos-1( 2 ) + 2 tan-1 2 =
3
x +1 1−x
e. sin[cot-1(x +1)] = cos(tan-1x).
6. Find the principal value, of
π
a. cot( 2 – 2cot-1√ 3)
π
b. sin ( 3 – sin-1(-1/2))
c. tan-1¿ - cot-1¿
d. tan-1(1) + cos-1(-1/2) + sin-1(-1/2).
1
e. tan-1[2cos(2sin-1 2 )]
2π 2π
f. cos-1 (cos 3 ) + sin-1(sin 3 )
1 1
g. cos-1(- 2 ) – 2sin-1(- 2 )
4π 4π
h. cos-1 (cos 3 ) + sin-1(sin 3 )
11π
i. sin-1(sin( 3 ¿
3π
j. sin-1(cos( 5 ¿)
43 π
k. sin-1(cos( 5 ))
Eklavaya tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)
5 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)
 By Gaurav Gupta (9873276572) Matrix

1. If a matrix has 24 elements, what are the possible orders it can have?
1
2. Construct a 3 * 2 matrix, whose elements are given by aij = 2 I-3i + jI
3. What is possible matrix of order 3 * 3 with entry 0 or 1?
4. What is possible matrix of order 2 * 2 with entry 0, 1 and -1?
5. Solve for x, y, z and w

2 −2 4 −1
6. Find x and y: - 2x + 3y = [−1 5 ], and 3x – 2y = [−1 2 ]
1 0 2
[ ]
7. If A = 0 2 1 , prove that A3 – 6A2 + 7A + 2I = 0. Also find A-1.
2 0 3
α
0 −tan
2
[
8. If A = tan α
2
0 ] and I is the identity matrix of order 2 , show that

cos α −sin α
I + A = (I – A)[ sin α cos α ]
9. A trust fund has Rs 30000 that must be invested in two diff types of bonds. The first
bond pays 5% interest per year, and second pays 7%. Using matrix multiplication,
determine how to divide Rs 30,000 among the two types of bonds. If total interest is Rs
1800.
10. Express the matrix A = as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric
matrix.
11. If A and B are symmetric matrices, prove that AB – BA is a skew symmetric matrix.
12.If A is a symmetric matrix then, B’AB is…
13.For what values of x: -

1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
14.Find the matrix X so that: - X [ 4 5 6 ] = [ 2 4 6]
0 a −2
−1 0 3
15.For what value of x and a, is the matrix A = x[ ]
−3 0 a skew symmetric matrix?
16.If A is a square matrix such that A = I, then find the simplified value of (A – I)3 + (A + I)3 -
2

7A.
17.Prove that the diagonal of a skew symmetric matrix is zero.
18.Suppose P and Q are two different matrices of order 3 x n and n x p, then the order of
the matrix P x Q is.
19.Suppose P and Q are two different matrices of order 3 x 4 and 4 x p, then the order of
the matrix Q x P is.
20.If P and Q are two different matrices such that P is of order 3 x 4 and PQ is of order 3x3,
then the order of matrix Q is.

6 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

21. Express the matrix A = find a matrix from it which is skew symmetric.
22.Apply R1 → R1 – 2R2
2 −2 3 2 5 2
[−1 5 ] = [1 −5] [−7 3]
23.Using row and column transformation, find A−1,
a.

b.

c.

d.

Eklavaya tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)

By Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)
Determinants
1 0 1
1. If A = [0 1 2 ], then show that I 3A I = 27I A I.
0 0 4
5−x x+1
2. For what value of x, the matrix [ 2 4 ] is singular or has no inverse?
x x−1 4 −1
3. Find the value of x, where |−3 2 | = | 1 3 |, then write the value of x.
3 −9 6 1 1 0
4. Find the matrix X such that [2 2 ] X [2 3] = [0 1].
5. Show that points A (a, b + c), B (b, c + a), C (c, a + b) are collinear.
6. Find equation of line joining (1, 2), (3, 6) using determinants.
7. Prove that the determinant of a skew symmetric matrix of order 3 x 3 is zero.
8. A is a non-singular matrix of order 3 and I A I = -4, find I 3.adj A I, |-A|.
9. If |adj A| = 5, and A is a 3 x 3 matrix then find |2A|, |-2A’|, |A -1|.
10.If A is a matrix of order 3, such that A(adj A) = 10 I. find Iadj AI
11.If A and B are square matrix of order 2 and 3, IAI = 2 and IBI = -6. Find the I5ABI and
I-A.adjAI.
12.If A is a non singular square matrix of order 3 such that A2 = 3, then value of IAI is..
13.If A is a square matrix of order 3, such that A(adj A) = 10I, then Iadj AI is equal to..
14.If A is a 3 x 3 matrix and I3AI = kIAI.
15.If A is a any square matrix of order 3x3 such that Iadj AI = 25, then find I3AA’I
16.Solve the equation: - x + y + z = 6000, 3z + x = 11000, x + z = 2y.
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
17.Solve the equation: - +
x y
+ z
= 4, x
- y
+ z
= 1, x
+ y
- z
=2
−4 4 4
18.Determine the product [−7 1 3 ¿∧¿] use it to solve x – y + z = 4, x - 2y - 2z = 9, 2x +
5 −3 −1
y + 3z = 1.
1 2 3
2 3 −3
[
19.Find A-1, when A = −3 2 −4 ] where x + 2y - 3z = -4, 2x + 3y + 2z = 2, 3x -3y - 4z = 11.

7 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 1 1 1
20.Find the maximum value of, |1 1+ sinx 1
|.
1 1 1+cosx
21.Using properties, prove that
b +c q+ r y+z a p x
a. | c+ a r + p z+ x = 2 b q
| |c r
y
|
a+ b p+ q x+ y z

a a+b a+ b+c
b. |2 a 3 a+2 b 4 a+3 b+2 c = a3
|
3 a 6 a+3 b 10 a+ 6 b+3 c

1 1 1
c. | a3 b3 c3| = (a – b)( b – c ) (c – a)(a + b + c)
a b c

1+a 1 1
1 1 1
1 1+b 1 = abc(1 + + +
d. | | a b c ) = abc + bc + ac + ab.
1 1 1+c

2
x x yz
e. | y y 2 zx = (x – y) ( y – z ) (z - x)(xy + yz + zx)
2 |
z z xy

a−b−c 2a 2a
f. | 2 b b−c−a 2b
| = (a + b + c)
3
2c 2c c−a−b
2
1 x x
2
g. | x 1 x = (1 - x 3)2
2 |
x x 1

2 2
1+a −b 2 ab −2 b
2 ab 1−a2 +b 2 2a 2 2
a + b ¿3
h. | 2b −2 a
2
1−a −b
2 | = (1 +

a+ bx c + dx p+qx a c p
ax +b cx + d px+ q x
2
b d q
i. | u v w | = (1 – ) | u v w|

2 3
x x 1+ p x
y y 2 1+ p y 3
j. | z
2
z 1+ p z
3 | = (1 + pxyz)(x – y)(y – z)(z – x)
3a −a+b −a +c
k. |−b+ a 3 b −b+ c | = (a + b + c)(ab + bc +ca)
−c+ a −c +b 3c

a b c
a−b b−c c−a
l. | 3 3 3
b+c c +a a+ b | = 0, then prove that a + b + c = 3abc.

8 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 2
a +1 ab ac
2
m. | ab b +1 bc
2
2 2
|= 1 + a + b + c
2

ca cb c +1

2 2
a bc ac +c
2 2
n. | a + ab 2b ac = 4a2b2c2.
2 |
ab b +bc c

a b c 1 1 1
o. | a b c ∨¿∨a 3 b3 c 3| = (a – b)(b – c) (c – a) (ab + bc + ca).
2 2 2 2 2 2

bc ca ab a b c

p. |¿| = 2xyz(x + y + z¿
3

2 3
x x 1+ x
22.If x, y, z are different and D = | y y 2 1+ y 3 = 0, then show that 1 + xyz = 0.
2 3|
z z 1+ z

b +c c +a a+ b
23.If a, b and c are real, find the factors of the determinants | c+ a a+b b+ c | show that if
a+ b b+ c c + a
|A| = 0, then either a + b + c = 0 or a = b = c.

1 1 1
24.In a △ ABC, if | 1+ sinA2 1+ sinB 1+ sinC
| = 0, then prove that ABC is an
sinA + sin A sinB + si n B sinC + si n2 C
2

isosceles triangle.
2 2 2
yz −x zx− y xy−z
zx− y 2 xy −z 2 yz−x 2
25.Prove that | 2 , is divisible by x + y + z and hence find the quotient.
xy−z yz−x zx − y |
2 2

Eklavaya tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)

By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572) CONTINUITY

1. Check the continuity

a.

b.

9 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 c.
1
F(x) = I x I cos x if x ≠ 0
0, if x = 0
2. Find the value of constants
a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

3. Show that f (x) = I x - 1 I + I x + 2 |is continuous but not differentiable.

4. Show that f (x) = I x I - I x - 2 |is continuous but not differentiable.
Eklavaya tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)
By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572) Derivatives
10 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)
 1. Find the derivative of the following:
√ 1+ sinx+ √1−sinx
a. cot-1
√1+ sinx−√ 1−sinx
2 cosx+ 3 sinx
b. cos-1
√ 13
-1 √ 1+ x + √ 1−x
2 2

c. tan
√1+ x 2− √1−x 2
d. sin-1(x√ 1−x− √ x √1−x 2)
x+1 x
2 .3
-1
e. y = cos ( x ).
1+36
f. Sin-1(2x√ 1−x 2)
g. x2y + xy2 = tan(xy)
h. sin(x + y) – tan2y = 5x2y.
i. xy + yx = ab.
j. (cosy)x = (cosx)y
k. (logx)x + xlogx – (sinx)cosx.
l. (xsinx)1/x + sin-1√ x
2
d y
2. Find 2
dx
a. x = a(θ+ sinθ), y = a(1 - cosθ ¿
θ
b. x = a(cosθ + log tan 2 ), y = a sinθ at θ = π/4.
dy y
3. If x = √ asin t , y = √ acos t Show that dx = - x
−1 −1

dy logx
4. xy = ex - y Prove that dx = 2
(1+logx)
y-x X dy (1+logy)2
5. If e = y show that dx =
log y
2
6. If y = e Prove that (1 + x )y2 + (2x - 1)y1 = 0.
−1
tan x

7. If y = (tan-1x)2 Prove that (1 + x2)2y2 +2x(1 + x2)y1 = 2.

8. If y = 3cos( logx ) + 4sin( logx ) Show that x2y2 + xy1 + y = 0
9. If y = log(x + √ x 2+ a2), prove that (x2 + a2)y2 + xy1 = 0.
10.If x = sin t and y = sin pt, prove that (1 - x2)y2 – xy1 + p2 y = 0
2
1 -1 1−u 1 -1 2u 2u dy
11.If y = tan( 2 cos 2 +
2
sin 2 ) and x = 2 find
dx
1+u 1+ u 1−u
2
d y dy
12.If y = e a cos xProve that (1 – x2) 2 - x dx –a2y = 0.
−1

dx
2
cos ( a+ y )
13.If cosy = x cos (a + y), Prove that y1 = .
sina
2
sin (a+ y)
14.If x sin (a + y) + sin a. cos(a + y) = 0, prove that y1 = .
sina
−1
15.If x√ 1+ y + y√ 1+ x=0, show that y1 = 2 .
(1+ x )
dy √ 1− y
16.If √ 1−x 2 + √ 1− y 2 = a3(x – y) Prove that dx = .
√ 1−x
dy − ylogx
17.If x = ecos2t and y = esin2t, prove that dx = xlogy .

11 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 y
18.If xpyq = (x + y)p + q, prove that a. y1 = x and b. y2 = 0.
2
d x a n−1 x
19. Prove that dx 2 √ a −x + si a ] = √ a2−x 2.
¿ 2 2
2
1
20. If x = tan ( a log y), show that (1 + x2) y2 + (2x – a) y1 = 0.
21.If y = cosec-1x, then show that x(x2 – 1) y2 + (2x2 – 1)y1 = 0.
22. If x = a cos θ + b sin θ, y = a sin θ – b cos θ, show that y2y2 – xy1 + y = 0
1 y
23.If y = xx, prove that y2 - y y12 - x = 0.
24.If y = (cot-1x)2, then show that (x2+ 1)2y2 + 2x(x2 + 1)y1 = 2.
25.Differentiate tan-1 √
1−x 2
w. r. t cos-1(2x √ 1−x 2)
x
3 x −x
3
x
26.Differentiate tan-1( ¿ w.r.t tan-1 .
1−3 x
2
√1−x 2
2
-1 2 x -1 1−x
27.Differentiate sin ( 2 ) w.r.t cos ( 2)
1+ x 1+ x
-1 √ 1+ x −1
2 2
-1 1−x
28.Differentiate tan ( ) w.r.t sin ( 2)
x 1+ x
29.Verify lagrange’s mean value theorem for the following function:
i. f(x) = x2 + 2x + 3 in [4 , 6] ii.f(x) = x(x - 2) in [1 , 3]
iii. f(x) = √ x −4 ∈[2 , 4]
2

30.Verify Rolle’s theorem for the following functions

i. f(x) = sin2x in [0 , π ] ii. f(x)= (x2 – 1)(x - 2) in [−1 ,2]
π π
iii. f(x) = excosx in [- 2 , 2 ¿
Eklavaya tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)
By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)
Rate Measure
1. The volume of a cube is increasing at a rate of 9 cubic centimetres per second. How fast
is the surface area increasing when the length of an edge is 10 centimetres?
2. The length x of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of 3 cm/minute and the width y is
increasing at the rate of 2cm/minute. When x =10cm and y = 6cm, find the rates of
change of
(a) the perimeter and (b) the area of the rectangle.
3. The total cost C(x) in Rupees, associated with the production of x units of an item is
given by
C(x) = 0.005 x3 – 0.02 x2 + 30x + 5000 Find the marginal cost when 3 units are produced,
where by marginal cost we mean the instantaneous rate of change of total cost at any
level of output.
4. A ladder 5 m long is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is pulled along the
ground, away from the wall, at the rate of 2cm/s. How fast is its height on the wall
decreasing when the foot of the ladder is 4 m away from the wall?
5. A particle moves along the curve 6y = x3 +2. Find the points on the curve at which the
y-coordinate is changing 8 times as fast as the x-coordinate.

12 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 3
6. A balloon, which always remains spherical, has a variable diameter 2 (2x+1). Find the
rate of change of its volume with respect to x.
7. Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12 cm3/s. The falling sand forms a cone on
the ground in such a way that the height of the cone is always one-sixth of the radius of
the base. How fast is the height of the sand cone increasing when the height is 4 cm?
8. A man of height 2 metres walks at a uniform speed of 5 km/h away from a lamp post
which is 6 metres high. Find the rate at which the length of his shadow increases.
9. A water tank has the shape of an inverted right circular cone with its axis vertical and
vertex lowermost. Its semi-vertical angle is tan–1(0.5). Water is poured into it at a
constant rate of 5 cubic metre per hour. Find the rate at which the level of the water is
rising at the instant when the depth of water in the tank is 4 m.
10.The two equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base b are decreasing at the rate
of 3 cm per second. How fast is the area decreasing when the two equal sides are equal
to the base?
11.The side of an equilateral triangle is increasing at the rate of 2cm/s. At what rate its
area increasing when the side of the triangle is 20cm.
Increasing and Decreasing
12.Show that the function f(x) = 4x3 – 18x2 + 27x – 7 is always increasing.
13.Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = x4/4 – x3 – 5x2 + 24x + 12 is (a) strictly
increasing (b) strictly decreasing.
14.Find the intervals in which the following functions are strictly increasing or decreasing:
(a) –2x3 – 9x2 – 12x + 1 (b) (x + 1)3 (x – 3)3
2x
15. Show that y = log(x + 1) - 2+ x , x > -1, is an increasing function of x throughout its
domain.
16. Find the values of x for which y = [x(x – 2)]2 is an increasing function.
4 sin x−2 x−x cos x
17.Find the intervals in which the function f given by F(x) = 2+cos x
is i.
increasing ii. Decreasing.
18.Find the intervals in which the function f given by f(x) = sin x + cos x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π is strictly
increasing or strictly decreasing.
19.Show that the function f defined by f(x) = (x – 1)ex + 1 is an increasing function for all x >
0.
20.Show that the function f given by f(x) = tan–1(sin x + cos x), x > 0 is always a strictly
π
increasing function in (0, 4 ).
π
21.Determine the intervals in which function is increasing or decreasing on (0, 2 ), f(x) =
sin4x + cos4x.
Tangents and Normals
22. Find the equation of tangent to the curve given by x = a sin3 t, y = b cos3 t at a point
π
where t = 4 .
23. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y2 = x3 –3x + 2 at the point whose x-
coordinate is 3.

13 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 24.Find the equations of the tangent and the normal, to the curve 16x 2 + 9y2 = 145 at the
point (x1, y1) and y1 > 0.
25.Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve y = x 2 – 2x +7 which is
(a) parallel to the line 2x – y + 9 = 0 (b) perpendicular to the line 5y – 15x = 13.
26. Show that the tangents to the curve y = 7x3 + 11 at the points where x = 2 and x = – 2
are parallel.
27. Find the points on the curve y = x3 at which the slope of the tangent is equal to the y-
coordinate of the point.
28. For the curve y = 4x3 – 2x5, find all the points at which the tangent passes through the
origin.
29. Find the points on the curve x2 + y2 – 2x – 3 = 0 at which the tangents are parallel to the
x-axis.
30. Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = x3 + 2x + 6 which are parallel to the
line x + 14y + 4 = 0.
31. Find the equations of the tangent and normal to the parabola y 2 = 4ax at the point (at2,
2at).
32. Prove that the curves x = y2 and xy = k cut at right angles* if 8k2 = 1.
33. Find the equation of tangents to the curve y = cos(x + y), – 2π ≤ x ≤ 2π that are parallel
to the line x + 2y = 0.
34. Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = √ 3 x−2 which is parallel to the line 4x -
2y+ 5 = 0.
35. Show that the normal at any point θ to the curve x = a cos θ + a θ sin θ, y = a sin θ – a θ
cos θ is at a constant distance from the origin.
36.Show that the equation of normal at any point on the curve x = 3cos θ – cos 3 θ, y = 3sin
θ – sin3 θ is 4 (ycos3 θ – x sin3 θ) = 3 sin 4θ.
37.Find the equation of normal to the curve x2 = 4y passing (1, 2).
Approximation
38.Using differentials, find the approximate value of each of the following up to 3 places of

(iii). (0.999)1/10 (iv) (3.968)3/2 v. √ 0.082

decimal
(i)√ 49.5 ii (0.009)1/3
39.Find the approximate value of f(2.01), where f(x) = 4x2 + 5x + 2.
40.If the radius of a sphere is measured as 9cm with an error of 0.03cm, then find the
approximation error in calculating its surface area.
41.If the side of a square changes from 3m to 2.9m, find the approximate change in its
area.
42.Find the approximate change in the surface area of a cube of side x metres caused by
decreasing the side by 1%.
43.If the radius of a sphere is measured as 7 m with an error of 0.02 m, then find the
approximate error in calculating its volume.
Maxima and Minima
44.If length of three sides of a trapezium other than base are equal to 10cm, then find
the area of the trapezium when it is maximum.
45.Prove that the radius of the right circular cylinder of greatest curved surface area which
can be inscribed in a given cone is half of that of the cone.

14 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

46. An Apache helicopter of enemy is flying along the curve given by y = x 2 + 7. A soldier,
placed at (3, 7), wants to shoot down the helicopter when it is nearest to him. Find the
nearest distance.
47.A square piece of tin of side 18 cm is to be made into a box without top, by cutting a
square from each corner and folding up the flaps to form the box. What should be the
side of the square to be cut off so that the volume of the box is the maximum
possible?
48. Show that of all the rectangles inscribed in a given fixed circle, the square has the
maximum area.
49. Show that the right circular cylinder of given surface and maximum volume is such that
its height is equal to the diameter of the base.
50.A wire of length 28 m is to be cut into two pieces. One of the pieces is to be made into
a square and the other into a circle. What should be the length of the two pieces so
that the combined area of the square and the circle is minimum?
51. Prove that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius R
8
is 27 of the volume of the sphere.
52. Show that the right circular cone of least curved surface and given volume has an
altitude equal to √ 2 times the radius of the base.
53. Show that the semi-vertical angle of the cone of the max. Volume and of given slant
height is tan-1√ 2 .
54. Show that semi-vertical angle of right circular cone of given surface area and max.
Volume is
1
sin-1 3 .
2 2
x y
55.Find the maximum area of an isosceles triangle inscribed in the ellipse 2 + 2 =1 with its
a b
vertex at one end of the major axis.
56. A tank with rectangular base and rectangular sides, open at the top is to be
constructed so that its depth is 2 m and volume is 8 m3. If building of tank costs Rs 70
per square metres for the base and Rs 45 per square metre for sides. What is the cost
of least expensive tank?
57. A window is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by a semi-circular opening. The
total perimeter of the window is 10 m. Find the dimensions of the window to admit
maximum light through the whole opening.
58. A point on the hypotenuse of a triangle is at distance a and b from the sides of the
triangle. Show that the minimum length of the hypotenuse is (a 2/3 + b2/3)3/2.
59. Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a
sphere of radius R is 2R/√ 3.
60. Show that height of the cylinder of greatest volume which can be inscribed in a right
circular cone of height h and semi vertical angle α is one-third that of the cone and the
4
greatest volume of cylinder is 27 π h3tan2 α .
61.A window has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by an equilateral triangle. If the
perimeter of the window is 12m, find the dimensions of the rectangle that will produce
the largest area of the window.
15 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)
62.An open box, with a square base, is to be made out of a given quantity of metal sheet
2 c3
of area c . Show that the maximum volume of the box is .
6 √3
2 2
x y
63.Find the area of greatest rectangle that can be inscribed in an ellipse 2 + 2 = 1.
a b
Eklavaya tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)
By Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

1
1. ∫ x−√ x dx
2. ∫ ¿ ¿ ¿dx
sinx
3. ∫ sin ⁡(x+ a) dx
sin ( x−a)
4. ∫ sin ⁡(x+ a) dx
1
5. ∫ 1+tanx dx
1
6. ∫ 1−cotx dx
e 5 log x −e 4 log x
7. ∫ 3 log x−¿e ¿ dx 2log x

e
2x
e −1
8. ∫ 2 x dx
e +1
3 x−1
9. ∫ 2 dx
x +1
10.∫ √
tanx
dx
sinx . cosx
3 −1 4
x sin ⁡(tan x )
11.∫ dx
1+ x 8
12.∫ (x+ 1) ¿ ¿ ¿dx
13.∫ ¿ ¿ ¿dx
14.∫ sin (2 x +5)dx
2

15.∫ si n x . co s xd
4 4

1−cosx
16.∫ 1+cosx dx
cosx
17.∫ 1+cosx dx
cosx −sinx
18.∫ 1+ sin 2 x dx
cos 2 x−cos 2α
19.∫ cos x−cos α dx
20.∫ ta n 2 x .sec 2xdx
3

21.∫ ta n x dx
4

3 3
si n x + cos x
22.∫ 2 2 dx
si n x . co s x
1
23.∫ 3 dx
sinx . co s x
24.∫ cos¿ ¿2 x ¿dx

16 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 1
25.∫ cos ( x−a ) . cos ⁡(x −b) dx
1
26.∫ cos ( x−a ) .sin ⁡( x−b) dx
x
e (1+ x )
27.∫ 2 x dx
co s (e x )
3 x−1
28.∫ 2 dx
x +1
x−1
29.∫ dx
√ x2 −1
1
30.∫ dx
√ 7−6 x −5 x 2
4 x+5
31.∫ 2 dx
3 x + x−3
5 x−2
32.∫ dx
√ 1+ 2 x−3 x 2
x +2
33.∫ dx
√ 4 x−x 2
x
e dx
34.∫
√ 5−4 e x −e2 x
2
x −3 x+1
35.∫ dx
√ 1−x 2
√x
36.∫ 3 3 dx
√ a −x
(3 sinx−2)cosx
37.∫ dx
5−co s 2 x −4 sinx
3 x−1
38.∫ ( x −1)(x−2)(x−3) dx
2 x−3
39.∫ ( x ¿¿ 2−4)(2 x +3) ¿dx
2
x +5
40.∫ 2
¿dx
( x ¿¿ 2+1)(2 x + 4)
1
41.∫ 2
¿dx
( x ¿¿ 2+1)(2 x + 4)
1
42.∫ 4 dx
x −1
1
43.∫ 3 dx
x−x
2x
44.∫ 2
dx ¿
( x ¿¿ 2+1)(2 x + 4)
x
e
45.∫ x
¿ dx
(1−e ¿¿ x)(2−e )
3 x−2
46.∫ dx
( x +1 )2 (x+3)
2
x + x +1
47.∫ 2 dx
( x +2)(x + 1)
2
1−x
48.∫ dx
x (1−2 x)

17 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 3
x + x +1
49.∫ ¿ dx
( x ¿¿ 2−1)
4
x
50. ∫ 2 d
( x −1)(x +1)
1
51.∫ n
dx
x ( x + 1)
3
x + x+1
52.∫ 2 dx
x −1
x
53.∫ x e ¿
¿¿
54.∫ ¿ ¿
x 1+ sinx
55.∫ e ( 1+cosx ¿ )dx ¿
x 2+ sin2 x
56.∫ e ( 1+cos 2 x ¿ )dx ¿
57.∫ e ¿
x

58.∫ e . sin 3 x dx
2x

π
59.∫ e . sin ⁡( 4 + x )
2x

60.∫ √3−2 x−x 2dx

61.∫ 2 x +5 √10−4 x + 4 x 2 dx
62.∫ 2 x +5 √10−4 x −4 x 2 dx
63.∫ ¿ ¿ dx
2
x +4
64.∫ 4 2 dx
x + x +16
65.∫ √tanx dx
66.∫ √tanx + √ cotx dx
sin 2 x . cos 2 x
67.∫ dx
√9−co s 4 2 x
8 8
sin x −cos x
68.∫ 2 2 dx
1−2 sin x .cos x
1
69.∫ dx
√ si n3 x . sin ⁡(x+ a)
sin √ x−co s √ x
−1 −1
70.∫ −1 dx
sin √ x+ co s √ x
−1

71.∫
√ x2 +1 {log ( x 2 +1 ) −2logx dx
x4
sin x
72.∫ sin 4 x dx
1
73.∫ sinx−sin 2 x dx
1+ sinx
74.∫ sinx (1+cosx ) dx
sin x
75.∫ sin 3 x dx
3
tanx+ta n x
76.∫ 3
dx
1+ta n x
2 sin 2 x−cosx
77.∫ 2
dx
6−cos x−4 sin x
18 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)
 2
1+ x + x
78.∫ e
−1
ta n x
2 dx
1+ x
Definite integrals
π
3

1. ∫ 1+√1cotx dx.
π
6
1

2. ∫ x (1−x ¿n ) dx.
0
π
4
3. ∫ log ⁡(1+tanx) dx.
0
π
2
4. ∫ 2 log sinx−log sin 2 x dx
0
π
2 2
5. ∫ sinsin x
x+ cos x
dx.
0
π

6. ∫ a 2 co s2 x+x b2 si n2 x dx.
0
1

7. ∫ co t−1( 1−x+ x2 )dx.

0
π

8. ∫ log (¿ 1+cos x ¿)¿ ¿ dx

0
π
2
9. ∫ log sinx dx
0
3
2
10.∫ ¿ xsin πx∨¿ ¿ dx.
−1
3
2
11.∫ ¿ xcos πx∨¿ ¿ dx
0
π
x tan x
12.∫ dx.
0 sec x . cosec x
π
x tan x
13.∫ dx.
0 sec x + tan x
4

14.∫ ¿ x−1∨+¿ x−2∨+ ¿ x−3∨dx

1
π
4
15.∫ sin x+ cos x dx.
0 9+16 sin 2 x
π
2
16.∫ sin 2 x ta n−1 (sin x )dx .
0
π
3
sin x+ cos x
17.∫ dx.
π √ sin 2 x
6

19 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 π
2
18.∫ x sin x . cosx dx.
0 co s 4 x + si n4 x
2

19. ∫ ¿ x 3 – x| dx .
−1
π
x sin x
20. ∫ 1+co 2
s x
dx
0
π
4
21. ∫ co s3 x 12 sin 2 x dx
0 √
π
2
22. co s 2 x
∫ co s2 x+ 4 si n2 x dx.
0
6 4 3

23. Limit of sum:- a. ∫ 2 x + 4 x +3 dx b.

2
∫ 2 x +e 2x
dx . c. ∫ x +1+e
2 2−3 x
dx .
2 0 1

Eklavaya tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)

By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572) A.O.I

Parabola questions
1. Find the area bound by y2 = 4x, x = 2, and x = 4 with x axis.
2. Find the area bound by x2 = 4y, x = 2, and x = 4 with x axis.
3. Find the area lying between the curves y2 = 4x and y = 2x.
4. Find the area enclosed between the parabola y2 = 4ax and the line y
= mx.
5. Find the area of the parabola y2 = 4ax bounded by latus rectum.
6. Find the area enclosed by the parabola 4y = 3x2 and the line 2y = 3x
+ 12.
7. Find the area of the region enclosed by the parabola x2 = y, the line y
= x + 2 and the x-axis.
8. Find the area bound by y = x2, y = IxI.
9. Find the area bound by x2 = y - 2, and line y = 2x and x = 3.
10. The area between x = y2 and x = 4 is divided into two equal parts
by the line x = a, find the value of a.
11.The area bounded by the curve y = x | x |, x-axis and the ordinates x = – 1 and x = 1.
12.Find the area of the region {(x, y) : 0 ≤ y ≤ x2 + 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ x + 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2}
13.Find the area bound by x2 = 4y, y = 2, and y= 4 with y axis.
14.Find the area bound by the curve y = x2 and the line y = 4.
Circle questions
15.Draw a rough sketch of the region x2 + y2 = 16a2. Also find the area of the enclosed in
the figure.
16.Find area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed, above the x – axis, line √ 3y = x,
and the circle x2 + y2 = 16.
17. Find the area of the smaller part of the circle x2 + y2 = a2 cut off
a
by the line x =
√2
20 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)
18.Find the Area lying in the first quadrant and bounded by the circle x2 +
y2 = 4 and the lines x = 0 and x = 2.
Ellipse questions
2 2
x y
19.Find the area enclosed by + = 1.
9 4
2 2
x y
20.Find the area enclosed by 2 + 2 = 1, above the x axis with x = 0 and x = ae.
a b
2 2
x y x y
21.Find the area b/w + < 1 < 3 + 2 .
9 4
Trigonometry questions
22.Find the area bounded by the curve y = sin x between x = 0 and x =
2.
23.Find the area bounded by the curve y = cos x between x = 0 and x =
2.
24.The area bounded by the y-axis, y = cos x and y = sin x when 0
π
x 2 
Line questions: -
25.Using the method of integration find the area bounded by the curve | x | + | y | = 1
26.Find area of the region bounded by the line y = 3x + 2, the x-axis and the ordinates x = –
1 and x = 2.
27.Using integration find area bounded by the triangle whose vertices are (2, 0), (4, 5) and
(6, 3).
28.Find the area of the region bounded by lines: 2x + y = 4, 3x – 2y = 6 and x – 3y + 5 = 0.
More than one curves
1. Find the area of the region enclosed between the two circles: x 2 + y2 = 4 and (x – 2)2 + y2
=4
2. Prove that the curves y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y divide the area of the square bounded by x = 0,
x = 4, y = 4 and y = 0 into three equal parts.
3. Find the area of the circle 4x2 + 4y2 = 9 which is interior to the parabola x2 = 4y.
4. Draw a rough sketch of the region {(x, y): y2 ≤ 6ax and x2 + y2 ≤ 16a2}. Also find the area
of the region.
5. Find area above x-axis and included between the circle x2 + y2 = 8x and inside of the
parabola y2 = 4x.
6. Find bounded area above x-axis, included between the parabola y2 > ax and the circle x2
+ y2 < 2ax.
7. Find the area b/w |x + 2| < y < √ 20−x 2.
Eklavaya tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)
By Gaurav Gupta (9873276572) Differential Equation: -
1. Find the order and degree of the following
2
d y 2 dy 2
a. ( 2 ¿ + ( dx ¿ = xy.
dx

21 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 2
d y dy 2
b. ( 2 )+ ( dx ¿ = xsiny.
dx
2
d y 2 dy 2 dy
c. ( 2 ¿ + ( dx ¿ = xsin( dx ).
dx
2 1
d y dy 4 1
d. ( 2 + (
¿ ¿ + x 5 = 0.
dx dx
2. Form the differential equation: - y = e-x(Acos x + Bsin x) , y = a ebx + 5,
y = ae3x + be2x. where A and B are constant.
3. Form a differential equation of a line making an intercept on y axis.
4. Form the differential equation of parabola having foci on x axis and
vertex at origin.
5. Form the differential equation of ellipse having foci on x axis and centre
at origin.
6. Form the differential equation of hyperbola having foci on x axis and
centre at origin.
7. Form the differential equation of circles which passing through origin
and whose centre lies on y axis.
8. Form the differential equation of circle having centre on y axis and
radius 3 units.
9. Form the differential equation of circles in the second quadrant and
touching the coordinate axis.
10.Solve the equations: -
Variable separable
dy 1−cosx
a) dx = 1+cosx .
dy
b) dx = √ 4− y 2
dy
c) dx + y = 1
dy
d) dx = (1 + x2)(1 + y2)
e) (ex + e-x)dy – (ex – e-x)dx = 0.
dy
f) dx = sin-1x
dy
g) dx = 1 + x + y2 + xy2.
2+ sinx dy
h) ( 1+ y ) dx = -cos x.
dy
i) log( dx ) = 3x + 4y.
dy
j) cos( dx ) = a, when y = 2 and x = 0.
k) ex . tany dx + (1 – ex)sec2y dy = 0.
dy
l) cosec x . log y dx + x2y2 = 0.

√
2
dy 1− y
m) dx + 2
= 0.
1−x
2
dy y + y+ 1
n) dx + 2 = 0.
x + x +1
22 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)
 dy
o) (x + 1) dx = 2e-y – 1.
Homogenous equation
p) (x2 – y2)dx + 2xy dy = 0.
dy
q) x2 dx = x2 – 2y2 + xy
dy y y π
r) x dx sin( x ) + x – y sin( x ) = 0. (x = 1, y = 2 ).
2 2
dy x +y
s) Show that the family of curves for which dx = , is given
2 xy
by x2 – y2 = cx.
y π
t)(x sin2 ( x ) – y)dx + x dy = 0, where y = 4 , x = 1.
dy y y
u) dx - ( x ) + cosec ( x ) = 0, if y = 0, x = 1.
y
v) y dx + x log ( x )dy – 2x dy = 0.
dy
w) 2 xy + y2 – 2x2 dx = 0; y =2 when x = 1.
x) x dy – y dx =√ x 2+ y2 dx.
y y y y
y) (x cos x + y sin x ) y dx = (y sin x −¿x cos x )x dy.
z) Prove that x2 – y2 = C(x2 + y2)2 is the general solution of
differential equation (x3 – 3x y2) dx = (y3 – 3x2y) dy, where c
is a parameter.
Linear equation
dy
aa) dx + y cotx = 2x + x2 cotx
dy
bb) cos2x dx + y = tan x.
dy 2
cc) xlogx dx + y = x log x.
dd) ¿2)dy + 2xy dx = cot x dx.
dy 1
ee) (x2 – 1) dx + 2xy = 2 .
x −1
dy
ff) x dx + y – x + xy cot x = 0.
dy 1
gg) ¿2) dx + 2xy = 2 . When y = 0 and x = 1.
x +1
ta n−1 x dx
hh) ¿x2) + (y - e ¿ = 0.
dy
ii) dy =cos x (2 – y cosec x) dx.
d
jj) y + dx (xy) = x(sin x + log x).
dy
kk) dx – 3y = sin 2x.
dy
ll) x dx + y – x + xy cot x = 0.
Eklavaya tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)
By: - Gaurav Gupta (987327657 Vectors

23 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

1. For what value of ‘ λ ’ if the vector a⃗ + λb⃗ is perpendicular to c⃗ , If a⃗ = 2i + 2j + 3k and b⃗ = -i
+ 2j + k, and c⃗ = 3i + j.
2. If P (1, 5, 4) and Q (4, 1, -2), find the direction ratios of ⃗ PQ and also find direction
cosine.
3. If b⃗ is a unit vector and (a⃗ + b⃗ ).(a⃗ - b⃗ ¿ = 80, find a⃗ .
4. If a⃗ = i + 2j – k and b⃗ = 3i + j – 5k, find a unit vector in the direction of II to a⃗ - b⃗ and a
vector whose magnitude is 6 times than the direction of a⃗ - b⃗ .
5. Write the value of p for which a⃗ = 3i + 2j + 9k and b⃗ = i + pj + 3k are parallel vectors or
collinear.
6. Write the direction cosines of a line equally inclined to the three coordinates axes.
7. If a⃗ and b⃗ are two vectors such that a⃗ .b⃗ = |a⃗ X b⃗ |, then what is the angle between a⃗ and
b⃗ ?
8. Write the position vector of the mid-point of the vector joining the points P(2, 3, 4) and
Q(4, 1, -2).
9. Find ‘ λ ’ when the projection of a⃗ = λi + j +4k on b⃗ = 2i + 6j + 3k is 4 units.
π π
10. If the unit vector a⃗ makes angles 3 with i, 4 with j and an acute angle θ with k, then
find the value of θ. Also find the vector.
11. Find the projection of b⃗ + c⃗ on a⃗ , where a⃗ = 2i – 2j + k, b⃗ = i + 2j – 2k and c⃗ = 2i – j + 4k.
12. If the vertices of A, B, C of a ∆ ABC have position vectors (1, 2, 3), (-1, 0, 0) and (0, 1, 2)
respectively, what is the magnitude of ∠ABC?
13.If a⃗ + ⃗b+ c⃗ = 0 and | a⃗ | = 3, |b∨¿ ⃗ = 5 and |c⃗ | = 7, show that the angle between a⃗ and b⃗ is
60o.
14.Find the area of ||gm having a. diagonals 3i + j – 2k and i – 3j + 4k. b. sides 3i + j – 2k
and i – 3j + 4k.
15.The scalar product of the vector i + j + k with the unit vector along the sum of vectors 2i
+ 4j – 5k and λi + 2j + 3k is equal to one. Find the value of λ.
16.Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q
whose position vectors are (2a⃗ + b⃗ ) and (a⃗ - 3b⃗ ) respectively, externally in the ratio 1 : 2.
Also, show that P is the midpoint of the line segment RQ.
17.Let a⃗ = 1i + 4j + 2k, b⃗ = 3i – 2j + 7k and c⃗ = 2i – j + 4k, find a vector d⃗ which is
perpendicular to both a⃗ and b⃗ and c⃗ . d⃗ = 18.
18. A. Find a unit vector, perpendicular to each of the vectors a⃗ + b⃗ and a⃗ - b⃗ , where a⃗ = 3i +
2j + 2k and b⃗ = i + 2j – 2k.
19.Using vectors, find the area of the triangle with vertices A(1, 1, 2), B(2, 3, 5) and C(1, 5,
5).
20.If a⃗ , b⃗ , c⃗ are three vectors such that | a⃗ | = 5, |b⃗ | = 1 and | c⃗ | = 13 and a⃗ + b⃗ + c⃗ = 0⃗ , find
the value of a⃗ .b⃗ + b⃗ .c⃗ + c⃗ .a⃗ .
21.If ɑ⃗ = 3i + 4j + 5k and ⃗β = 2i + j – 4k, then express ⃗β in the form of ⃗β = ⃗β 1 + ⃗β 2, where ⃗β 1 is
parallel to ɑ⃗ and ⃗β 2 is perpendicular to ɑ⃗
22.Show that the points A(1, – 2, – 8), B(5, 0, –2) and C(11, 3, 7) are collinear, and find the
ratio in which B divides AC.
23.If a⃗ , b⃗ , c⃗ are mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitudes, show that the vector
a⃗ + ⃗b+ c⃗ equally inclined to a⃗ , b⃗ , c⃗ .
24.Find λ, if the vectors i – j + k, 3i + j + 2k and i + λj – 3k are coplanar.
24 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)
 25.Show that the four points with position vector A(4, 8, 12), B(2, 4, 6), C(3, 5, 4), D(5, 8, 5)
are coplanar.
26.Show that the vectors a⃗ , b⃗ , c⃗ , coplanar if a⃗ + ⃗b , ⃗b+ c⃗ , ⃗c + a⃗ are coplanar.
27.Prove that [a⃗ , b⃗ , c⃗ + d⃗ ] = [a⃗ , b⃗ , c⃗ ] + [a⃗ , b⃗ , d⃗ ].
28.Find x such that the four points A (3, 2, 1) B (4, x, 5), C (4, 2, –2) and D (6, 5, –1) are
coplanar. (Ans. x = 5)
⃗ c x d⃗ and a⃗ x c⃗ = b⃗ x d⃗ , prove that a⃗ −d⃗ is parallel to b−⃗
29.If a⃗ x b=⃗ ⃗ c.
30.If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector, prove that the magnitude of their
difference is √ 3.
31.If A, B and C are the vertices of a triangle ABC, then what is the value of ⃗ AB + ⃗
BC +⃗
CA .
32.If r⃗ = xi + yj + zk, find (r⃗ x i).(r⃗ x j) + xy.
33.The two vectors j + k and 3i – j + 4k represent the two side vectors ⃗ AB and ⃗
AC
respectively of triangle ABC. Find the length of the median through A.
Eklavaya tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)
By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)
3D
1. Find the angle b/w the planes r⃗ .(1i – 2j – 2k) = 1 and r⃗ .(3i – 6j + 2k) = 0.
2. Find the sum of intercepts cut off by the plane 2x + y – z = 5, on the coordinate axes.
3. Show that the lines r⃗ = (i + j – k) + λ (3i – j) and r⃗ = (4i – k) + μ(2i + 3k) intersect. Also, find
their point of intersection.
4. Find the angle b/w the lines r⃗ = 2i – 5j + k + λ(3i + 2j + 6k) and r⃗ = 7i – 6j – 6k + μ(i + 2j +
2k).
1−x 7 y−14 z−3 7−7 x y−5 6−z
5. Find the value of p, so that the lines 3 = p = 2 and 3 p = 1 = 5 are
perpendicular to each other. Also, find the equation of a line passing through a point (3,
2, -4) and || to line l1.
6. Find the distance between the planes 2x – y + 2z = 5 and 5x – 2.5y + 5z = 20.
7. Find the shortest distance b/w the two lines whose vector equations are r⃗ = (6i + 2j + 2k)
+ λ(1i – 2j + 2k) and r⃗ = -4i – k + μ(3i – 2j – 2k).
8. A line passes through the point (2, -1, 3) and is perpendicular to the lines r⃗ = 1i + j – k +
λ(2i – 2j + k) and r⃗ = (2i – j – 3k) + μ(1i + 2j + 2k). Obtain its vector and Cartesian
equation.
9. Find the shortest distance b/w the lines r⃗ = (1 – t)I + (t – 2)j + (3 – 2t)k and r⃗ = (s + 1)I +
(2s – 1)j – (2s + 1)k.
x+1 3 y +5 3−z
10.Find the angle b/w the line 2 = 9 = −6 and the plane 10x + 2y – 11z = 3.
x y−2 z−3
11.Find the equation of the perpendicular from point (3, -1, 11) to line 2 = 3 = 4 . Also
find the foot of perpendicular, perpendicular distance and image of the given point.
x+2 y+ 1 z−3
12.Find the points on the line 3 = 2 = 2 at a distance of 5 units from the point P(1,
3, 3).
x+2 2 y +3 3 z + 4
13.Find the distance of the point (-2, 3, -4) from the line 3 = 4
= 5 measured || to
the plane 4x + 12y - 3z + 1 = 0.

25 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

14.Find the coordinates of the point where the line through (5, 1, 6) and (3, 4, 1) crosses the
YZ-plane.
15.Find the coordinates of the point where the line through (3, – 4, – 5) and (2, – 3, 1)
crosses the plane 2x + y + z = 7.
16.Find the distance of the point P (-1, -5, -10) from the point of intersection of the line
joining the points A (2, -1, 2) and B(5, 3, 4) with the plane x – y + z = 5.
17.Find the equation of the line passing through the point P (4, 6, 2) and the point of
x−1 y z+1
intersection of the line 3 = 2 = 7 and the plane x + y – z = 8.
18.Find the vector and Cartesian forms of the equation of the plane passing through the
point (1, 2, -4) and parallel to the lines r⃗ = 1i + 2j – 4k + λ(2i + 3j + 6k) and r⃗ = 1i – 3j + 5k +
μ(1i + j – k). Also, find the distance of the point (9, 8, -10) from the plane thus obtained.
19.Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (-1, 3, 2) and perpendicular to
each of the planes x + 2y + 3z = 5 and 3x + 3y + z = 0.
20.Find the Cartesian equation of the plane passing through the points A(0, 2, 3) and B(3, -1,
x−4 y+ 3 z+1
2) and || to the line 1 = −4 = 7 .
21.Find the vector equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes r⃗ .(1i + j + k)
= 6 and r⃗ .(2i + 3j + 4k) = -5 and the point (1, 1, 1).
22.Find the equation of the plane which is perpendicular to the plane 5x + 3y + 6z + 8 = 0.
And which contains the line of intersection of the planes x + 2y + 3z = 4 and 2x + y – z + 5
= 0.
23.Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of the planes r⃗ .(1i
+ j + k) = 1 and 2x + 3y – z + 4 = 0 and || to x axis.
24.Find the equation of the plane passing through the line of intersection of planes r⃗ .(1i +
3j) - 6 = 0 and r⃗ .(3i – j – 4k) = 0, whose perpendicular distance from origin is unity.
25.Find the distance of the point (1, -2, 3) from the plane x – y + z = 5 measured Parallel to
x y z
the line 2 = 3 = −6 .
x+3 y−1 z−5 x+1 y−2 z−5
26.Show that the lines −3 = 1 = 5 and −1 = 2 =¿ 5 are co-planar. Also find the
equation of plane containing the lines.
27.Find the equation of the perpendicular drawn from the point (1, -2, 3) to the plane 2x –
3y + 4z + 9 = 0. Also find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular and image of
the given point.
28.Find the equation of the plane passing through the point P(1, 1, 1) and containing the
line r⃗ = (-3i + j + 5k) + λ(3i – j – 5k). Also, show that the plane contains the line r⃗ = ( -1i +
2j + 5k) + μ(1i – 2j – 5k).
29.Find the equation of line passing through P(1, 2, 3) and || to the planes r⃗ .(1i – j+ 2k) = 5
and r⃗ .(3i + j + k) = 6.
30.Find the vector equation of a plane passing through the points (2, 1, -1) and (-1, 3, 4) and
perpendicular to the plane x – 2y + 4z = 10. Also show that the plane thus obtained
contains the line r⃗ = -i + 3j + 4k + λ(3i – 2j – 5k).
31.Find the coordinates of the point where the line through (3, -4, -5) and (2, -3, 1) crosses
the plane, passing through the points (2, 2, 1), (3, 0, 1) and (4, -1, 0). Also find the angle
b/w them.
26 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)
32.Prove that if a plane has the intercepts a, b, c and is at a distance of p units from the
1 1 1 1
origin, then 2+ 2 + 2 = 2.
a b c p
33.If the points (1, 1, p) and (– 3, 0, 1) be equidistant from the plane r⃗ . (3i + 4j – 12k) + 13 =
0, then find the value of p.
Eklavaya tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)
By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572) LPP

1. A cooperative society of farmers has 50 hectare of land to grow two crops X and Y. The
profit from crops X and Y per hectare are estimated as Rs 10,500 and Rs 9,000
respectively. To control weeds, a liquid herbicide has to be used for crops X and Y at
rates of 20 litres and 10 litres per hectare. Further, no more than 800 litres of herbicide
should be used in order to protect fish and wild life using a pond which collects
drainage from this land. How much land should be allocated to each crop so as to
maximise the total profit of the society?
2. One kind of cake requires 200g of flour and 25g of fat, and another kind of cake
requires 100g of flour and 50g of fat. Find the maximum number of cakes which can be
made from 5kg of flour and 1 kg of fat assuming that there is no shortage of the other
ingredients used in making the cakes
3. A merchant plans to sell two types of personal computers – a desktop model and a
portable model that will cost Rs 25000 and Rs 40000 respectively. He estimates that the
total monthly demand of computers will not exceed 250 units. Determine the number
of units of each type of computers which the merchant should stock to get maximum
profit if he does not want to invest more than Rs 70 lakhs and if his profit on the
desktop model is Rs 4500 and on portable model is Rs 5000.
4. There are two types of fertilisers F1 and F2. F1 consists of 10% nitrogen and 6%
phosphoric acid and F2 consists of 5% nitrogen and 10% phosphoric acid. After testing
the soil conditions, a farmer finds that she needs atleast 14 kg of nitrogen and 14 kg of
phosphoric acid for her crop. If F1 costs Rs 6/kg and F2 costs Rs 5/kg, determine how
much of each type of fertiliser should be used so that nutrient requirements are met at
a minimum cost. What is the minimum cost?
5. A factory manufactures two types of screws, A and B. Each type of screw requires the
use of two machines, an automatic and a hand operated. It takes 4 minutes on the
automatic and 6 minutes on hand operated machines to manufacture a package of screws
A, while it takes 6 minutes on automatic and 3 minutes on the hand operated machines
to manufacture a package of screws B. Each machine is available for at the most 4 hours
on any day. The manufacturer can sell a package of screws A at a profit of Rs 7 and
screws B at a profit of Rs 10. Assuming that he can sell all the screws he manufactures,
how many packages of each type should the factory owner produce in a day in order to
maximise his profit? Determine the maximum profit.
6. A dietician has to develop a special diet using two foods P and Q. Each packet
(containing 30 g) of food P contains 12 units of calcium, 4 units of iron, 6 units of
cholesterol and 6 units of vitamin A. Each packet of the same quantity of food Q
contains 3 units of calcium, 20 units of iron, 4 units of cholesterol and 3 units of vitamin
A. The diet requires atleast 240 units of calcium, atleast 460 units of iron and at most

27 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 300 units of cholesterol. How many packets of each food should be used to minimise
the amount of vitamin A in the diet? What is the minimum amount of vitamin A?
7. An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers. A profit of Rs 1000 is made on
each executive class ticket and a profit of Rs 600 is made on each economy class ticket.
The airline reserves at least 20 seats for executive class. However, at least 4 times as
many passengers prefer to travel by economy class than by the executive class.
Determine how many tickets of each type must be sold in order to maximise the profit
for the airline. What is the maximum profit?
8. A toy company manufactures two types of dolls, A and B. Market tests and available
resources have indicated that the combined production level should not exceed 1200
dolls per week and the demand for dolls of type B is at most half of that for dolls of
type A. Further, the production level of dolls of type A can exceed three times the
production of dolls of other type by at most 600 units. If the company makes profit of
Rs 12 and Rs 16 per doll respectively on dolls A and B, how many of each should be
produced weekly in order to maximise the profit?
9. A man rides his motorcycle at speed of 50km/hr. he has to spend Rs 2 per km on petrol.
If he rides at a faster speed of 80 km/hr the petrol cost increase to Rs 3 per km. He has
atmost Rs 120 to spend on petrol and 1 hr time. Find the maximum distance.
10.A manufacture has employed 5 skilled men and 10 semi-skilled men and makes two
models A and B of an article. The making of one item of model A requires 2 hours work
by a skilled man and 2 hours work by a semi-skilled man. One item of model B requires
1hour by a skilled man and 3 hours by a semi-skilled man. No man is expected to work
more than 8 hours per day. The manufacture’s profit of an item of model A is Rs 15 and
on an item of model B is Rs 10. How many of items of each model should be made per
day in order to maximize profit? Formulate LPP and solve it graphically and find the
profit.

28 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

 Eklavaya tutorials (Shop No – 22, C Block Market, Suraj Mal Vihar)
By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572) Probability
Bays theorem
1. There are three coins. One is a two headed coin (having head on both faces), another is
a biased coin that comes up heads 75% of the time and third is an unbiased coin. One
of the three coins is chosen at random and tossed, it shows heads, what is the
probability that it was the two headed coin?
2. An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000 truck
drivers. The probability of an accidents are 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the
insured persons meets with an accident. What is the probability that he is a scooter
driver?
3. Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets a 5 or 6, she tosses a coin three times and notes
the number of heads. If she gets 1, 2, 3 or 4, she tosses a coin once and notes whether
a head or tail is obtained. If she obtained exactly one head, what is the probability that
she threw 1, 2, 3 or 4 with the die?
4. A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack, two cards
are drawn and are found to be both diamonds. Find the probability of the lost card
being a diamond.
5. Given three identical boxes I, II and III, each containing two coins. In box I, both coins
are gold coins, in box II, both are silver coins and in the box III, there is one gold and
one silver coin. A person chooses a box at random and takes out a coin. If the coin is of
gold, what is the probability that the other coin in the box is also of gold?
6. Suppose that the reliability of a HIV test is specified as follows: Of people having HIV,
90% of the test detect the disease but 10% go undetected. Of people free of HIV, 99%
of the test are judged HIV –ive but 1% are diagnosed as showing HIV +ive. From a large
population of which only 0.1% have HIV, one person is selected at random, given the
HIV test, and the pathologist reports him/her as HIV +ive. What is the probability that
the person actually has HIV?
7. An urn contains 5 red and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random, its colour is noted
and is returned to the urn. Moreover, 2 additional balls of the colour drawn are put in
the urn and then a ball is drawn at random. What is the probability that the second ball
is red?
29 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)
 8. Assume that the chances of a patient having a heart attack is 40%. It is also assumed
that a meditation and yoga course reduce the risk of heart attack by 30% and
prescription of certain drug reduces its chances by 25%. At a time a patient can choose
any one of the two options with equal probabilities. It is given that after going through
one of the two options the patient selected at random suffers a heart attack. Find the
probability that the patient followed a course of meditation and yoga?
9. Suppose that 5% of men and 0.25% of women have grey hair. A grey haired person is
selected at random. What is the probability of this person being male? Assume that
there are equal number of males and females.
10.A letter is known to have come either from TATA NAGAR or from CALCUTTA. On the
envelope, just two consecutive letter TA are visible. What is the probability that the
letter came from TATA NAGAR.
11.A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 5 times He throws a die and reports that it is a
number greater than 4. Find the probability that it is actually a number greater than 4.
12.Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag II contains 4 red and 5 black balls. One
ball is transferred from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is drawn from Bag II. The ball so
drawn is found to be red in colour. Find the probability that the transferred ball is
black.
13.manufacturer has three machine operator A, B and C. the first operator A produces 1%
of defective items, whereas the order two operators B and C produces 5% and 7%
defective items respectively. A is on the job for 50% of the time, B on the job,30% of the
time and C on the job for 20% of the time. All the items are put into one stockpile and
then one item is chosen at random from this and is found to be defective. What is the
probability that it was produced by A?
Conditional probability
14.Ten cards numbered 1 to 10 are placed in a box, mixed up thoroughly and then one
card is drawn randomly. If it is known that the number on the drawn card is more than
3, what is the probability that it is an even number?
15.In a school, there are 1000 students, out of which 430 are girls. It is known that out of
430, 10% of the girls study in class XII. What is the probability that a student chosen
randomly studies in Class XII given that the chosen student is a girl?
16.A family has two children. What is the probability that both the children are boys given
that at least one of them is a boy?
17.A die is thrown three times. Events A and B are defined as below: - A: 4 on the third
throw
B: 6 on the first and 5 on the second throw. Find the probability of A given that B has
already occurred.
18.A die is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is observed to be 6. What
is the conditional probability that the number 4 has appeared at least once?
19.Consider the experiment of tossing a coin. If the coin shows head, toss it again but if it
shows tail, then throw a die. Find the conditional probability of the event that ‘the die
shows a number greater than 4’ given that ‘there is at least one tail’.

30 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)

20.Find the P (E/F), Mother, father and son line up at random for a family picture E: son on
one end, F: father in middle
21.Find the P (E/F), A black and a red dice are rolled. (a) Find the conditional probability of
obtaining a sum greater than 9, given that the black die resulted in a 5. (b) Find the
conditional probability of obtaining the sum 8, given that the red die resulted in a
number less than 4.
22.Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. If a family has two
children, what is the conditional probability that both are girls given that (i) the
youngest is a girl, (ii) at least one is a girl?
23. An instructor has a question bank consisting of 300 easy True / False questions, 200
difficult True / False questions, 500 easy multiple choice questions and 400 difficult
multiple choice questions. If a question is selected at random from the question bank,
what is the probability that it will be an easy question given that it is a multiple choice
question?
Independent Events
24.A die is thrown. If E is the event ‘the number appearing is a multiple of 3’ and F be the
event ‘the number appearing is even’ then find whether E and F are independent?
25.A die marked 1, 2, 3 in red and 4, 5, 6 in green is tossed. Let A be the event, ‘the
number is even,’ and B be the event, ‘the number is red’. Are A and B independent?
26.Prove that if E and F are independent events, then the events E and F’ are also
independent.
27.If A and B are two independent events, then the probability of occurrence of at least
one of A and B is given by 1– P(A′) P(B′).
28.Given two independent events A and B such that P(A) = 0.3, P(B) =
0.6. Find (i) P(A and B) (ii) P(A and not B) (iii) P(A or B) (iv) P(neither A
nor B)
29.Probability of solving specific problem independently by A, B and C are ½, 1/3 and 2/3
respectively. If all try to solve the problem independently, find the probability that (i)

30.Given that the events A and B are such that P(A) = ½ , P(A ∪ B) = 3/5 and P(B) = p. Find
the problem is solved (ii) exactly one of them solves the problem.

p if they are (i) mutually exclusive (ii) independent.

P(A ∪ B) (iii) P(A|B) (iv) P( B/ A ), P(B/ A ).

31.Let A and B be independent events with P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.4. Find (i) P(A ∩ B) (ii)

32.Let A and B with P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.4 and P(A∩ B) = .40 (i) P(A ∪ B) (ii) P(A|B) (iii) P( B/
A ), iv P(B/ A ).
33.If A and B throw a dice alternately till one of them get 6 on the dice. Find the winning
probability of A when B start.
34. If A and B throw a pair of dice alternately till one of them get sum of 4 on the dice. Find
the winning probability of A when A start.
Probability Distribution
35.Three cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well-shuffled deck of 52
cards. Find the probability distribution of the number of aces.
36.Find the probability distribution of number of doublets in three throws of a pair of dice.
31 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)
37.Let X denote the number of hours you study during a randomly selected school day.
The probability that X can take the values x, has the following form, where k is some
unknown constant.

a. Find the value of k.

b. What is the probability that you study at least two hrs? Exactly 2 hrs? At most 2 hrs?
38.Let a pair of dice be thrown and the random variable X be the sum of the numbers that
appear on the two dice. Find the mean or expectation of X.
39.Two cards are drawn simultaneously (or successively without replacement) from a well
shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the
number of kings.
40.A coin is biased so that the head is 3 times as likely to occur as tail. If the coin is tossed
twice, find the probability distribution of number of tails.
41.A class has 15 students whose ages are 14, 17, 15, 14, 21, 17, 19, 20, 16, 18, 20, 17, 16,
19 and 20 years. One student is selected in such a manner that each has the same
chance of being chosen and the age X of the selected student is recorded. What is the
probability distribution of the random variable X? Find mean, variance and standard
deviation of X.
42.Two numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from the first six positive
integers. Let X denote the largest of the two numbers obtained. Find E(X).
43.Three numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from the first six positive
integers. Let X denote the smallest of the three numbers obtained. Find E(X).
44.In a game, a man wins a rupee for a six and loses a rupee for any other number when a
fair die is thrown. The man decided to throw a die thrice but to quit as and when he
gets a six. Find the expected value of the amount he wins / loses.
45.In a game, a man wins Rs 5 for getting a number greater than 4 and loses Rs 1
otherwise, when a fair die is thrown. The man decided to throw a die thrice but to quit
as and when he gets a number greater than 4. Find the expected value of the amount
he wins/ loses.

32 By: - Gaurav Gupta (9873276572)