Session : 2025-26 AS PER NEW NTA SYLLABUS

Total Questions :1020

JEE/NEET CHEMISTRY
7.EQUILIBRIUM
Single Correct Answer Type

1. Which may be added to one litre of water to act as a buffer?

a) One mole of HC2 H3 O2 and one mole of HCl
b) One mole of NH4 OH and one mole of NaOH
c) One mole of NH4 Cl and one mole of HCl
d) One mole of HC2 H3 O2 and 0.5 mole of NaOH
2. An aqueous solution of 1 M NaCl and 1 M HCl is
a) not a buffer but pH < 7 b) not a buffer but pH > 7
c) a buffer with pH < 7 d) a buffer with pH > 7
3. In the following reversible reaction,
2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3 + 𝑄 cal
Most suitable condition for the higher production of SO3 is
a) Low temperature and high pressure b) Low temperature and low pressure
c) High temperature and high pressure d) High temperature and low pressure
4. Select the p𝐾𝑎 value of the strongest acid from the following
a) 1.0 b) 3.0 c) 2.0 d) 4.5
5. −5
The pH of a 0.1 M solution of NH4 OH (having 𝐾𝑏 = 1.0 × 10 ) is equal to
a) 10 b) 6 c) 11 d) 12
6. In the reaction, H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) ⇌ 2HCl(g)
a) 𝐾𝑝 ≠ 𝐾𝑐 b) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 c) 𝐾𝑝 > 𝐾𝑐 d) 𝐾𝑝 < 𝐾𝑐
7. The total number of different kind of buffers obtained during the titration of H3 PO4 with NaOH are:
a) 3 b) 1 c) 2 d) Zero
8. Which will not affect the degree of ionisation?
a) Temperature b) Concentration c) Type of solvent d) Current
9. Which of the following has highest pH?
M M M M
a) KOH b) NaOH c) NH4 OH d) Ca(OH)2
4 4 4 4
10. Solubility product constant [𝐾𝑠𝑝 ] of salts of types 𝑀𝑋, 𝑀𝑋2 and 𝑀3 𝑋 at temperature ‘𝑇’ are 4.0 ×
10−8 , 3.2 × 10−14 and 2.7 × 10−15 respectively. Solubilities (mol, dm−3 ) of the salts at temperature
‘𝑇’ are in the order
a) 𝑀𝑋 > 𝑀𝑋2 > 𝑀3 𝑋 b) 𝑀3 𝑋 > 𝑀𝑋2 > 𝑀𝑋 c) 𝑀𝑋2 > 𝑀3 𝑋 > 𝑀𝑋 d) 𝑀𝑋 > 𝑀3 𝑋 > 𝑀𝑋2
11. Which of the following base is weakest?
a) NH4 OH; 𝐾𝑏 = 1.6 × 10−6 b) C6 H5 NH2 ; 𝐾𝑏 = 3.8 × 10−10
c) C2 H5 NH2 ; 𝐾𝑏 = 5.6 × 10−4 d) C9 H7 N; 𝐾𝑏 = 6.3 × 10−10
12. One litre of water contains 10−7 mole H + ions. Degree of ionisation of water is:
a) 1.8 × 10−7 % b) 1.8 × 10−9 % c) 3.6 × 10−7 % d) 3.6 × 10−9 %
13. A precipitate is formed when
a) The ionic product is nearly equal to the solubility product

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 b) A solution becomes saturated
c) The ionic product exceeds the solubility productop’
[8
d) The ionic product is less than solubility product
14. The precipitation is noticed when an aqueous solution of HCl is added to an aqueous solution of:
a) NaNO2 b) Ba(NO3 )2 c) ZnSO4 d) HgNO3
15. Which of the following is not a Lewis base?
a) NH3 b) H2 O c) AlCl3 d) None of these
16. Solubility of BaF2 in a solution of Ba(NO3 )2 will be represented by the concentration term
1
a) [Ba2+ ] b) [F − ] c) [F − ] d) 2[NO−3]
2
17. Which of the following is a buffer?
a) NaOH + CH3 COOH b) NaOH + Na2 SO4 c) K 2 SO4 + H2 SO4 d) NH4 OH + NaOH
18. For the following three reactions I, II and III, equilibrium constants are given
I. CO(g) + H2 O(g) ⇌ CO2 (g) + H2 (g); 𝐾1
II. CH4 (g) + H2 O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + 3H2 (g); 𝐾2
III. CH4 (g) + 2H2 O(g) ⇌ CO2 (g) + 4H2 (g); 𝐾3
Which of the following relations is correct?
a) 𝐾1 √𝐾2 = 𝐾3 b) 𝐾2 𝐾3 = 𝐾1 c) 𝐾3 = 𝐾1 𝐾2 d) 𝐾3 𝐾23 = 𝐾12
19. 0.1 mole of N2 O4 (g) was sealed in a tube under one atmospheric conditions at 25℃. Calculate the number
of moles of NO2 (g) present, if the equilibrium N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g)(𝐾𝑝 = 0.14) is reached after some time
a) 0.036 b) 36.00 c) 360.0 d) 3.600
20. A buffer solution is prepared by mixing 0.1 M ammonia and 1.0 M ammonium chloride. At 298 K,
the p𝐾𝑏 of NH4 OH is 5.0.The pH of the buffer is
a) 10.0 b) 9.0 c) 6.0 d) 8.0
21. Which of the following molecules acts as a Lewis acid?
a) (CH3 )3 N b) (CH3 )3 B c) (CH3 )2 O d) (CH3 )3 P
22. Which among the following is an electron deficient compound?
a) NF3 b) PF3 c) BF3 d) AsF3
23. Identify the correct order of acidic strength of CO2 , CuO, CaO, H2 O:
a) CaO < CuO < H2 O < CO2
b) H2 O < CuO < CaO < H2 O
c) CaO < H2 O < CuO < CO2
d) H2 O < CO2 < CaO < CuO
24. Which of the following is a strong acid?
a) HClO4 b) HBrO4 c) HIO4 d) HNO3
25. According to Arrhenius concept the, strength of an acid depends on:
a) Hydrolysis
b) Concentration of acid
c) H + ions furnished by acid
d) Number of mole of base used for neutralization
26. H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI
In the above equilibrium system, if the concentration of the reactants at 25℃ is increased, the value of 𝐾𝑐
will
a) Increase b) Decrease
c) Remains the same d) Depends on the nature of the reactants
27. 0.04 g of pure NaOH is dissolved in 10 litre of distilled water. The pH of the solution is:
a) 9 b) 10 c) 11 d) 12

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28. What is the equilibrium expression for the reaction, P4 (𝑠) + 5O2 (g) ⇌ P4 O10 (𝑠)?
1 [P4 O10 ] [P4 O10 ]
a) 𝐾𝑐 = 5 b) 𝐾𝑐 = [O2 ]5 c) 𝐾𝑐 = d) 𝐾𝑐 =
[O2 ] 5[P4 ][O2 ] [P4 ][O2 ]5
29. When 10−8 mole of HCl is dissolved in one litre of water, the pH of the solution will be:
a) 8 b) 7 c) Above 8 d) Below 7
30. A physician wishes to prepare a buffer solution at pH = 3.58 that efficiently resists a change in pH yet
contains only small conc. of the buffering agents. Which one of the following weak acid together with its
sodium salt would be best to use?
a) 𝑚-chloro benzoic acid (p𝐾𝑎 = 3.98)
b) 𝑝-chlorocinnamic acid (p𝐾𝑎 = 4.41)
c) 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid (p𝐾𝑎 = 2.97)
d) Acetoacetic acid (p𝐾𝑎 = 3.58)
31. The pH of 10−8 M HCl solution is
a) 8 b) More than 8
c) Between 6 and 7 d) Slightly more than 7
32. A certain buffer solution contains equal concentration of 𝑋 − and H𝑋. The 𝐾𝑎 for H𝑋 is 10. The pH of the
buffer is:
a) 7 b) 8 c) 11 d) 14
33. 100 mL of 0.01 M solution of NaOH is diluted to 1 dm3 . What is the pH of the diluted solution?
a) 12 b) 11 c) 2 d) 3
34. Which of the following salt does not get hydrolysed in water?
a) KClO4 b) NH4 Cl c) CH3 COONa d) None of these
35. A higher value for equilibrium constant, 𝐾 shows that:
a) The reaction has gone to near completion towards right
b) The reaction has not yet started
c) The reaction has gone to near completion towards left
d) None of the above
36. Which one is least basic?
a) CH3 NH2 b) NH3 c) C2 H5 NH2 d) C6 H5 NH2
37. The aqueous solution of disodium hydrogen phosphate is:
a) Acidic b) Neutral c) Basic d) None of these
38. 3.2 moles of hydrogen iodide were heated in a sealed bulb at 444℃ till the equilibrium state was reached.
Its degree of dissociation at this temperature was found to be 22%. The number of moles of hydrogen
iodide present at equilibrium are
a) 1.876 b) 2.496 c) 3.235 d) 4.126
39. In the reactions, PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2 , the amounts of PCl5 , PCl3 and Cl2 at equilibrium are 2 mole each and
the total pressure is 3 am. The equilibrium constant 𝐾𝑝 is :
a) 1.0 atm b) 2.0 atm c) 3.0 atm d) 6.0 atm
40. Which of the following is correct for the reaction?
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)
a) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐
b) 𝐾𝑝 < 𝐾𝑐
c) 𝐾𝑝 > 𝐾𝑐
d) Pressure is required to predict the correlation
41. The graph relates ln 𝐾𝑒𝑞 𝑣𝑠 1 for a reaction. The reaction must be :
𝑇

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 a) Exothermic
b) Endothermic
c) ∆𝐻 is negligible
d) Highly spontaneous at ordinary temperature
42. 0.1 millimole of CdSO4 are present in 10 mL acid solution of 0.08 𝑁 HCl. Now H2 S is passed to precipitate all
the Cd2+ ions. The pH of the solution after filtering off precipitate, boiling of H2 S and making the solution
100 mL by adding H2 O is:
a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8
43. Calculate the pH of a solution in which hydrogen ion concentration is 0.005 g-equi/L?
a) 2.3 b) 2.8 c) 2.9 d) 2.6
44. In 1L saturated solution of AgCl [𝐾sp (AgCl)1.6 10 ], 0.1 mole of CuCl [𝐾sp (CuCl)1.0 106 ] is added.
10

The resultant concentration of Ag in the solution is 1.6 10𝑥 . The value of ′𝑥′ is
a) 3 b) 5 c) 7 d) 9
45. Eight mole of a gas 𝐴𝐵3 attain equilibrium in a closed container of volume 1 dm3 as, 2𝐴𝐵3 ⇌ 𝐴2 (g) +
3𝐵2 (g). If at equilibrium 2 mole of 𝐴2 are present then, equilibrium constant is :
a) 72 mol2 L−2 b) 36 mol2 L−2 c) 3 mol2 L−2 d) 27 mol2 L−2
46. Which of the following is most soluble in water?
a) MnS(𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 8 × 10−37 )
b) ZnS(𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 7 × 10−16 )
c) Bi2 S3 (𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 1 × 10−70 )
d) Ag 2 S(𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 6 × 10−51 )
47. At a given temperature the 𝐾𝑐 for the reaction, PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) is 2.4 × 10−3. At the same
temperature, the 𝐾𝑐 for the reaction
PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) ⇌ PCl5 (g) is :
a) 2.4 × 10−3 b) −2.4 × 10−3 c) 4.2 × 10−2 d) 4.8 × 10−2
48. If the solubility of lithium sodium hexafluoroaluminate, Li3 Na3 (AlF6 )2 is ′𝑎′ mol/litre, its solubility product
is equal to:
a) 𝑎2
b) 12𝑎2
c) 18𝑎3
d) 2916𝑎8
49. Approximate relationship between dissociation constant of water (𝐾) and ionic product of water
(𝐾𝑤 ) is
a) 𝐾𝑤 = 𝐾 b) 𝐾𝑤 = 55.6 × 𝐾 c) 𝐾𝑤 = 18 × 𝐾 d) 𝐾𝑤 = 14 × 𝐾
50. Degree of dissociation of 0.1 N CH3 COOH is (dissociation constant = 1 × 10 )
−5

a) 10−5 b) 10−4 c) 10−3 d) 10−2

51. If the solubility of Ca(OH)2 is √3. The solubility product of Ca(OH)2 is:
a) 3
b) 27
c) √3
d) 12√3

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52. pH of 0.1 𝑀 Na2 HPO4 and 0.2 𝑀 NaH2 PO4 solutions are respectively. p𝐾𝑎 for H3 PO4 are 2.12, 7.21 and 12.0
for respective dissociation to H2 PO− 2− 3−
4 , HPO4 and PO4 .
a) 4.67, 9.61 b) 9.61, 4.67 c) 4.67, 5.61 d) 5.61, 4.67
53. N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)
In the reaction given above, the addition of small amount of an inert gs at constant pressure will
shift the equilibrium towards which side?
a) LHS (Left hand side) b) RHS(Right hand side)
c) Neither side d) Either side
54. Which one is hard base?
a) Ag + b) Cr 3+ c) I2 d) F −
55. Which species acts as an acid and also a conjugate base of another acid?
a) HSO− 4 b) CO2−
3 c) SO2−
4 d) H3 O+
56. Predict the conditions for forward reaction on the basis of Le-Chatelier’s principle for : 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌
2SO3 (g); ∆𝐻 = −198 kJ.
a) Lowering the temperature and increasing pressure
b) Any value of temperature and pressure
c) Lowering of temperature as well as pressure
d) Increasing temperature as well as pressure
57. The solubility of AgCl in water at 10℃ is 6.2 × 10−6 mol/litre. The 𝐾𝑠𝑝 of AgCl is:
a) [6.2 × 10−6 ]1/2 b) 6.2 × (10−6 )2 c) (6.2)2 × 10−6 d) [6.2 × 10−6 ]2
58. When pressure is applied to the equilibrium system ice r water. Which of the following
phenomenon will happen?
a) More ice will be formed b) Water will evaporate
c) More water will be formed d) Equilibrium will not be formed
59. At constant temperature in one litre vessel, when the reaction,
2SO3 (g) ⇌ 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) is at equilibrium, the SO2 concentration is 0.6 𝑀, initial concentration of SO3 is
1𝑀. The equilibrium constant is :
a) 2.7 b) 1.36 c) 0.34 d) 0.675
60. When 20g of CaCO3 were put into 10 litre flask and heated to 800C, 35% of CaCO3 remained unreacted at
equilibrium. 𝐾𝑝 for decomposition of CaCO3 is :
a) 1.145 atm b) 0.145 atm c) 2.145 atm d) 3.145 atm
61. For the reaction equilibrium,
𝑃
2NOBr(g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + Br2 (g), if 𝑃Br2 = 9 at equilibrium and 𝑃 is total pressure. The ratio 𝐾𝑝 /𝑃 is equal to:
a) 1/9 b) 1/81 c) 1/27 d) 1/3
62. 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 1.2 × 10−5 of 𝑀2 SO4 (𝑀+ is monovalent metal ion) at 298 K. The maximum concentration of 𝑀+ ions
that could be attained in a saturated solution of this solid at 298 K is:
a) 3.46 × 10−3 𝑀 b) 7.0 × 10−3 𝑀 c) 2.88 × 10−2 𝑀 d) 14.4 × 10−3 𝑀
63. Which of the following describes correct sequence for decreasing Lewis acid nature?
a) BCl3 > BF3 > BBr3 b) BBr3 > BCl3 > BF3 c) BBr3 > BF3 > BCl3 d) BF3 > BCl3 > BBr3
64. What should be the pH of solution to dissolve the Cr(OH)3 precipitate?
[Given, [Cr 3+ ] = 1.0 mol⁄L , 𝐾sp = 6 × 10−31 )
a) 2.0 b) 3.0 c) 5.0 d) 4.0
65. Which one of the following salts on being dissolved in water gives pH>7 at 25℃?
a) KCN b) KNO3 c) NH4 Cl d) NH4 CN
66. Aqueous solution of which salt has the lowest pH?
a) NaOH b) NH4 Cl c) Na2 CO3 d) NaCl
67. In a gaseous reversible reaction,

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 N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO + heat
If pressure is increased then the equilibrium constant would be
a) Unchanged
b) Increased
c) Decreased
d) Sometimes increased, sometimes decreased
68. Glycine is:
a) Arrhenius acid b) Lewis base c) Simplest amino acid d) All of these
69. On a given condition, the equilibrium concentration of HI, H2 and I2 are 0.80, 0.10 and 0.10 mol/L. The
equilibrium constant for the reaction, H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI, will be
a) 8 b) 16 c) 32 d) 64
70. If pH of the solution is one, what weight of HCl present in one litre of solution?
a) 3.65 g b) 36.5 g c) 0.365 g d) 0.0365 g
71. The concentration of hydroxyl ion in a solution left after mixing 100 mL of 0.1 𝑀 MgCl2 and 100 mL of
0.2 𝑀 NaOH [𝐾𝑠𝑝 of Mg(OH2 ) = 1.2 × 10−11 ] is:
a) 2.8 × 10−3 b) 2.8 × 10−2 c) 2.8 × 10−4 d) 2.8 × 10−5
72. For a reaction and equilibrium which of the following is correct?
a) Concentration of reactant=concentration of product
b) Concentration of reactant is always greater than product
c) Rate of forward reaction=rate of backward reaction
d) 𝑄𝑐 = 𝑘
73. The correct order of increasing basic nature of the given conjugate bases is:
a) RCOO < HC ≡ C < NH2 < R
b) RCOO < HC ≡ C < R < NH2
c) R < HC ≡ C < RCOO < NH2
d) RCOO < NH2 < HC ≡ C < R
74. What is the equilibrium expression for the reaction
P4 (𝑠) + 5O2 (g) ⇌ P4 O10 (𝑠) ?
[P O
4 10 ] [P O
4 10 ] 1
a) 𝐾𝑐 = [P ][O ]5 b) 𝐾𝑐 = 5[P ][O c) 𝐾𝑐 = [O2 ]5 d) 𝐾𝑐 = [O 5
4 5 4 2] 2]
75. A characteristic feature of reversible reaction is that :
a) They never proceed to completion
b) They proceed to completion
c) They are not complete unless the reactants are removed from the sphere of reaction mixture
d) None of the above
76. The concentration of CO2 be in equilibrium with 2.5 × 10−2 mol litre−1 of CO at 100 C for the reaction :
FeO(𝑠) + CO(g) ⇌ Fe(𝑠) + CO2 (g); 𝐾𝑐 = 5.0
a) 5 M b) 1.25 M c) 12.5 M d) 0.125 M
77. In the reaction, H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI
In a 2 I flask 0.4 moles of each H2 and I2 are taken. At equilibrium 0.5 moles of HI are formed.
What will be the value of equilibrium constant 𝐾𝑐 ?
a) 20.2 b) 25.4 c) 0.284 d) 11.1
78. 0.005 M acid solution has 5 pH. The percentage ionisation of acid is
a) 0.8% b) 0.6 % c) 0.4 % d) 0.2 %
79. A solution of pH 8 is … basic than a solution of pH 12.
a) Less b) More c) Equally d) None of these
80. Which statement is/are correct?
a) All Arrhenius acids are Bronsted acids
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 b) All Arrhenius bases are not Bronsted base
c) H + ion in solution exists as H9 O+
4
d) All of the above
81. The concentration of fluroacetic acid (𝐾𝑎 of acid = 2.6 × 10−3 ) which is required to get [H + ] = 1.50 ×
10−3 𝑀 is:
a) 0.865 𝑀
b) 2.37 × 10−3 𝑀
c) 2.37 × 10−4 𝑀
d) 2.37 × 10−2 𝑀
82. Which among the following is the strongest acid?
a) H(ClO)O2 b) H(ClO)O3 c) H(ClO)O d) H(ClO)
83. Which one of the following is not an amphoteric substance?
a) HNO3 b) HCO−
3 c) H2 O d) NH3
84. For the chemical reaction 3𝑋(g) + 𝑌(g) ⇌ 𝑋3 𝑌(g), that amount of X 3 Y at equilibrium is affected
by
a) Temperature and pressure b) Temperature only
c) Pressure only d) Temperature, pressure and catalyst
85. 𝐾𝑝 /𝐾𝑐 for the reaction,
1
CO(g) + O2 (g) ⇌ CO2 (g)is:
2
a) 𝑅𝑇 b) 1/√𝑅𝑇 c) √𝑅𝑇 d) 1
86. Densities of diamond and graphite are 3.5 and 2.3 g/mL respectively. Increase of pressure on the
equilibrium Cdiamond ⇌ Cgraphite :
a) Favours backward reaction
b) Favours forward reaction
c) Have no effect
d) Increases the reaction rate
87. The solubility product of BaCl2 is 4 × 10−9 . Its solubility in mol/L is
a) 4 × 10−3 b) 4 × 10−9 c) 1 × 10−3 d) 1 × 10−9
88. Addition of sodium acetate to 0.1 M acetic acid will cause
a) Increase in pH b) Decrease in pH
c) No change in pH d) Change in pH that cannot be predicted
89. The solubility in water of a sparingly soluble salt A2 Bis 1.0 × 10−3 mol L−1 . Its solubility product will be
a) 4 × 10−9 b) 4 × 109 c) 1 × 109 d) 1 × 10−9
90. NaHCO3 and NaOH can not co-exist in a solution because of:
a) Common ion effect
b) Acid-base neutralisation
c) Le − Chatelier′s principle
d) Redox change
91. Formation of SO3 from SO2 and O2 is favoured by
a) Increase in pressure b) Decrease in pressure
c) Increase in temperature d) Decrease in temperature
92. A definite amount of solid NH4 HS is placed in a flask already containing NH3 gas at certain temperature
and 0.50 atm pressure. NH4 HS decomposes to give NH3 and H2 S and total equilibrium pressure in flask is
0.84 atm. The equilibrium constant for the reaction is :
a) 0.30 b) 0.18 c) 0.17 d) 0.11
93. Hydroxyl ion concentration of 10 M HCl is
−2

a) 1 × 101 mol dm−3 b) 1 × 10−12 mol dm−3 c) 1 × 10−1 mol dm−3 d) 1 × 10−14 mol dm−3

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94. For a reaction in equilibrium :
a) There is no volume change
b) The reaction has stopped completely
c) The rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction
d) The forward reaction is faster than reverse reaction
95. A solution of CuSO4 in water will:
a) Turn red litmus blue
b) Turn blue litmus red
c) Show no effect on litmus
d) Decolourize litmus
96. At constant temperature, the equilibrium constant (𝐾𝑝 ) for the decomposition reaction N2 O4 (g) ⇌
(4𝑥 2 𝑝)
2NO2 (g) is expressed by 𝐾𝑝 =
(1−𝑥 2 )
Where, 𝑝= pressure, 𝑥 =extent of decomposition. Which one of the following statements is true?
a) 𝐾𝑝 increases with increase of 𝑝 b) 𝐾𝑝 remains constant with change in 𝑝 and 𝑥
c) 𝐾𝑝 increases with increase of 𝑥 d) None of the above
97. The pH of a solution is 5.0. To this solution sufficient acid is added to decrease the pH to 2.0. The increase
in hydrogen ion concentration is:
a) 1000 times b) 5/2 times c) 100 times d) 5 times
98. Which of the following is a Lewis acid?
a) AlCl3 b) Cl− c) CO d) C2 H2
99. The solubility of AgCl is 1 × 10 mol⁄L. Its solubility in 0.1 molar sodium chloride solution is
−5

a) 1 × 10−10 b) 1 × 10−5 c) 1 × 10−9 d) 1 × 10−4

100. In which of the following reaction 𝐾𝑝 > 𝐾𝑐 ?
a) N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 b) H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI c) 2SO3 ⇌ O2 + 2SO2 d) PCl3 + Cl2 ⇌ PCl5
101. 𝐾𝑠𝑝 for sodium chloride is 36 mol /litre . The solubility of sodium chloride is:
2 2

1 1
a) 𝑀 b) 𝑀 c) 6 𝑀 d) 3600 𝑀
36 6
102. Degree of dissociation of NH4 OH in water is 1.8 × 10−5 , then hydrolysis constant of NH4 Cl is
a) 1.8 × 10−5 b) 1.8 × 10−10 c) 5.55 × 10−5 d) 5.55 × 10−10
103. What volume of 1.0 𝑀 sodium formate solution should be added to 50 mL of 0.05 M formic acid to produce
a buffer solution of pH = 4.0 (p𝐾𝑎 of formic acid= 3.80)?
a) 39.0 mL b) 39.62 mL c) 40 mL d) 40.62 mL
104. An acid HA ionises as
H𝐴 ⇌ H + + 𝐴−
The pH of 1.0 M solution is 5. Its dissociation constant would be
a) 1 × 10−10 b) . 5 c) 5 × 10−8 d) 1 × 10−5
105. Phosphorus pentachloride dissociates as follows, in a closed reaction vessel,
PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)
If total pressure at equilibrium of the reaction mixture is 𝑝 and degree of dissociation of PCl5 is 𝑥,
the partial pressure of PCl3 will be
𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
a) ( )𝑝 b) ( )𝑝 c) ( )𝑝 d) ( )𝑝
𝑥+1 1−𝑥 𝑥−1 1−𝑥
106. For the gaseous phase reaction, 2NO ⇌ N2 + O2, ∆𝐻 = - 43.5 kcal mol-1 , which statement is correct for, N2(g)
+ O2(g) ⇌ 2NO(g)?
a) 𝐾 is independent of temperature
b) 𝐾 increases as temperature decreases
c) 𝐾 decreases as temperature decreases
d) 𝐾 varies with addition of NO

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107. Which would decreases the pH of 25 cm3 of a 0.01 𝑀 solution of hydrochloric acid?
a) The addition of magnesium metal
b) The addition of 25cm3 0.02 𝑀 hydrochloric acid
c) The addition of 25 cm3 0.005 𝑀 hydrochloric acid
d) None of the above
108. Which is not a Lewis acid?
a) CCl4 b) SnCl2 c) AlCl3 d) BF3
109. Which is Lewis base?
a) HCl b) HNO3 c) HF d) NH3
110. Ammonia under a pressure of 15 atm at 27℃ is heated to 347℃ in a closed vessel in the presence of
catalyst. Under the conditions, NH3 is partially decomposed according to the equation, 2NH3 ⇌ N2 + 3H2 .
The vessel is such that the volume remains effectively constant whereas pressure increases to 50 atm.
Calculate the percentage of NH3 actually decomposed
a) 61.3% b) 63.5% c) 65.3% d) 66.6%
111. For the system; 3𝐴 + 2𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶, the expression for equilibrium constant is
[𝐴]3 [𝐵]2 [𝐶] [3𝐴][2𝐵] [𝐶]
a) b) 3 2
c) d)
[𝐶] [𝐴] [𝐵] [𝐶] [3𝐴][2𝐵]
112. A monoprotic acid in a 0.1 M solution ionisesto 0.001%. Its ionisation constant is
a) 1 × 10−11 b) 1 × 10−3 c) 1 × 10−6 d) 1 × 10−8
113. For the reaction, C(𝑠) + CO2 (g) ⇌ 2CO(g), the principle pressure of CO2 and CO are 2.0 and 4.0 atm
respectively at equilibrium. The 𝐾𝑝 for the reaction is
a) 2.0 b) 4.0 c) 8.0 d) 1.6
114. The vapour density of completely dissociated NH4 Cl would be:
a) Slightly less than half of that of ammonium chloride
b) Half of that of ammonium chloride
c) Double that of ammonium chloride
d) Determined by the amount of solid ammonium chloride used in the experiment
115. Mg 2+ is … than Al3+ .
a) Strong Lewis acid b) Strong Lewis base c) Weak Lewis acid d) Weak Lewis base
116. The equilibrium constant for the reaction, N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g) is 4 × 10 at 2000 K. In presence of
−4

a catalyst the equilibrium is attained ten times faster. Therefore, the equilibrium constant, in present of the
catalyst, at 2000 K is:
a) 40 × 10−4
b) 4 × 10−4
c) 4 × 10−3
d) Difficult to compute without more data
117. The activation energies of forward and backward reaction: 𝐴2 + 𝐵2 ⇌ 2𝐴𝐵 are 180kJ mol−1 and 200 kJ
mol−1 respectively. The presence of a catalyst lowers the activation energy of both (forward and
backward) reactions by 100 kJ mol−1. The enthalpy change of the reaction in the presence of catalyst will
be (in kJ mol−1 ):
a) −20
b) −300
c) + 120
d) − 280
118. How will increase of pressure affect the equation?
C(𝑠) + H2 O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + H2 (g)
a) Shift in the forward direction b) Shift in the reverse direction
c) Increase in the yield of hydrogen d) No effect

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119. If the pressure of N2 /H2 mixture in a closed apparatus is 100 atm and 20% of the mixture then reacts, the
pressure at the same temperature would be :
a) 100 b) 90 c) 85 d) 80
120. C2 H5 ONa acts as … in C2 H5 OH.
a) Strong acid b) Weak acid c) Strong base d) Weak base
121. A solution of sodium borate has a pH of approximately:
a) > 7 b) < 7 c) = 7 d) Between 4 and 5
122. A certain buffer solution contains equal concentration of 𝑋 − and H𝑋. The 𝐾𝑎 for H𝑋is 10−8. The pH of the
buffer is
a) 3 b) 8 c) 11 d) 14
123. Study the following table.
Buffer Volume (in Volume (in
solutio mL) of 1 M mL) of 0.1
n weak acid M sodium
salt of
weak acid
I 4.0 4.0
II 4.0 40.0
III 40.0 4.0
IV 0.1 10.0

Which of the two sets of buffer solutions have least pH?

a) I and II b) I and III c) II and III d) II and IV
124. Which indicator works in the pH range 8-9.8?
a) Phenolphthalein b) Methyl orange c) Methyl red d) Litmus
125. 100 mL of 0.015 M HCl solution is mixed with 100 mL of 0.005 M HCl. What is the pH of the
resultant solution?
a) 2.5 b) 1.5 c) 2 d) 1
126. The solubility of 𝐴2 𝑋3 is 𝑦 mol dm . Its solubility product is:
−3

a) 6 𝑦 4 b) 64 𝑦 4 c) 36 𝑦 5 d) 108 𝑦 5
127. The volume of water needed to dissolve 1 g of BaSO4 (𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 1.1 × 10 ) at 25℃ is:
−10

a) 820 litre
b) 410 litre
c) 205 litre
d) None of these
128. In a vessel containing SO3 , SO2 , and O2 at equilibrium, some helium gas in introduced so that, the total
pressure increase, while temperature and volume remain constant. According to Le-Chatelier’s principle
the dissociation of SO3 ∶
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains unaltered
d) Changes unpredictably
129. Given the equilibrium system
NH4 Cl(𝑠) ⇌ NH4+ (𝑎𝑞) + Cl− (𝑎𝑞)
(∆𝐻 = +3.5 kcal/mol).
What change will shift the equilibrium to the right?
a) Decreasing the temperature
b) Increasing the temperature
c) Dissolving NaCl crystals in the equilibrium mixture
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 d) Dissolving NH4 NO3 crystals in the equilibrium mixture
130. The solubility product of BaSO4 is 1.5 × 10−9 . The precipitation in a 0.01 M Ba2+ solution will start, on
adding H2 SO4 of concentration
a) 10−9 M b) 10−8 M c) 10−7 M d) 10−6 M
131. The solubility of Pb(OH)2 in water is 6.7 × 10−6 M. Its solubility in a buffer solution of pH=8
would be
a) 1.2 × 10−2 b) 1.6 × 10−3 c) 1.6 × 10−2 d) 1.2 × 10−3
132. In which of the following reactions is 𝐾𝑝 < 𝐾𝑐 ?
a) I2 (g) ⇌ 2I(g) b) 2BrCl(g) ⇌ Cl2 (g) + Br2 (g)
c) CO(g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ CH4 (g) + H2 O(g) d) All of the above
133. Any precipitate is formed when
a) Solution becomes saturated
b) The value of ionic product is less than the value of solubility product
c) The value of ionic product is equal to the value of solubility product
d) The value of ionic product is greater than the value of solubility product
134. At 25℃, 𝐾𝑏 for a base BOH is 1.0 × 10−12 . The [OH − ] in 0.01𝑀 aqueous solution of base is:
a) 1.0 × 10−6 𝑀 b) 1.0 × 10−7 𝑀 c) 1.0 × 10−5 𝑀 d) 2.0 × 10−6 𝑀
135. The pH of a 10−9 M solution of HCl in water is
a) 8 b) −8 c) Between 7 and 8 d) Between 6 and 7
136. If pH of a saturated solution of Ba(OH)2 is 12, the value of its 𝐾𝑠𝑝 is:
a) 4.0 × 10−6 𝑀3 b) 4.0 × 10−7 𝑀3 c) 5.0 × 10−6 𝑀3 d) 5.0 × 10−7 𝑀3
137. Liquid ammonia ionises to a slight extent. At −50℃, its self ionisation constant, 𝐾NH3 = [NH4+ ][NH2− ] =
10−30 . How many amide ions, are present per cm3 of pure liquid ammonia? (Assume 𝑁 = 6.0 × 1023)
a) 6 × 106 ions b) 6 × 105 ions c) 6 × 10−5 ions d) 6 × 10−6 ions
138. The first and second dissociation constants of an acid
H2 𝐴 are 1.0 × 10−5 and 5.0 × 10−10 respectively. The overall dissociation constant of the acid
will be
a) 5.0 × 10−5 b) 5.0 × 1015 c) 5.0 × 10−15 d) 0.2 × 105
139. Which is the strongest acid?
a) CH3 COOH b) CH2 ClCOOH c) CHCl2 COOH d) CCl3 COOH
140. A 0.01 𝑀 ammonia solution is 5% ionized. The concentration of [OH − ] ion is:
a) 0.005 𝑀 b) 0.0001 𝑀 c) 0.0005 𝑀 d) 0.05 𝑀
141. Nucleophiles are:
a) Lewis acids b) Lewis bases c) Bronsted acids d) Bronsted bases
142. Theory of ionisation was given by
a) Rutherford b) Graham c) Faraday d) Arrhenius
143. 0.01 mole of lime (CaO) was dissolved in 100 cm of water. Assuming the base is completely ionised in the
3

solution, the pH of the solution will be

a) 13.3 b) 8.5 c) 6 d) 8
144. Consider the following solutions of equal concentrations
𝐴 = NH4 Cl 𝐵 = CH3 COONa
𝐶 = NH4 OH 𝐷 = CH3 COOH
A buffer solution can be obtained by mixing equal volumes of
a) 𝐶 and 𝐷 b) 𝐴 and 𝐵 c) 𝐴 and 𝐶 d) 𝐶 and 𝐷
145. At 600℃, 𝐾𝑝 for the following reaction is 1 atm.
𝑋(g) ⇌ 𝑌(g) + 𝑍(g)

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 At equilibrium, 50% of 𝑋(g) is dissociated. The total pressure of the equilibrium system is 𝑝 atm.
What is the partial pressure (in atm) of 𝑋(g) at equilibrium?
a) 1 b) 4 c) 2 d) 0.5
146. Equilibrium constants 𝐾1 and 𝐾2 for the following equilibria are related as :
1
NO(g) + 2 O2 (g) ⇌ NO2 (g); 𝐾1
2NO2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + O2 (g); 𝐾2
1 1 𝐾
a) 𝐾2 = 2 b) 𝐾2 = c) 𝐾2 = 𝐾12 d) 𝐾2 = 1
𝐾1 𝐾1 2
147. If 𝐾1 and 𝐾2 are equilibrium constants for reactions (I) and (II) respectively for,
N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO … (i)
1 1
N2 + O2 ⇌ NO … (ii)
2 2
Then:
1
a) 𝐾2 = 𝐾1 b) 𝐾2 = √𝐾1 c) 𝐾1 = 2𝐾2 d) 𝐾1 = 𝐾2
2
148. All reactions which have chemical disintegration are
a) Exothermic
b) Reversible
c) Reversible and exothermic
d) Reversible of irreversible and endothermic or exothermic
149. For which of the following sparingly soluble salt, the solubility (𝑠) and solubility product (𝐾sp )
1⁄3
are related by the expression 𝑠 = (𝐾sp ⁄4) ?
a) BaSO4 b) Ca3 (PO4 )2 c) Hg 2 Cl2 d) Ag 3 PO4
150. For PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2 , initial concentration of each reactant and product is 1 M. If 𝐾eq = 0.41 then
a) More PCl3 will form b) More Cl2 will form c) More PCl5 will form d) No change
151. The exothermic formation of ClF3 is represented by the equation
Cl2 (g) + 3F2 (g) ⇌ 2ClF3 (g);
∆𝐻 = −329 kJ
Which of the following will increase the quantity of ClF3 in an equilibrium mixture of
Cl2 , F2 and ClF3 ?
a) Adding F2 b) Increasing the volume of the container
c) Removing Cl2 d) Increasing the temperature
152. For which of the following reactions, does the equilibrium constant depend on the units of concentration?

1 1
a) NO(g) ⇌ N2 (g) + O2 (g)
2 2
b) Zn(𝑠) + Cu 2+ (𝑎𝑞) ⇌ Cu(𝑠) + Zn2+ (𝑎𝑞)
c) COCl2 (g) ⇌ CO(g) + Cl2 (g)
d) C2 H5 OH(𝑙) + CH3 COOH(𝑙) ⇌ CH3 COOC2 H5 (𝑙) + H2 O(𝑙)
153. If the solubility product of lead iodide (PbI2 ) is 3.2 × 10−8 , its solubility will be:
a) 2 × 10−3 𝑀 b) 4 × 10−4 𝑀 c) 1.6 × 10−5 𝑀 d) 1.8 × 10−5 𝑀
154. At 30℃ the solubility of Ag 2 CO3 (𝐾sp = 8 × 10 −12
) would be greatest in 1 L of
a) 0.05 M Na2 CO3 b) 0.05 M AgNO3 c) Pure water d) 0.05 M NH3
155. The interfering radicals interfere in the test of usual inorganic analysis after II group analysis due to:
a) Their solubility in acid medium
b) Their solubility in alkaline medium
c) Their insoluble nature in alkaline medium
d) None of the above

P a g e | 12
156. The p𝐾𝑏 value of NH3 is 5. Calculate the pH of the buffer solution, 1 L of which contains 0.01 M
NH4 Cl and 0.10 M NH4 OH
a) 4 b) 6 c) 8 d) 10
157. The equilibrium constant 𝐾 for the reaction 2HI(g) ⇌ H2 (g) + I2 (g) at room temperature 300 K is 2.85 and
at 698 K 1.84 × 10−2 . Hence the reason that HI exists as a stable compound at room temperature is because:
a) It decomposes so slowly that equilibrium is not readily achieved
b) The HI bond has a large covalent contribution
c) The heat of reaction at room temperature is −5.31 kcal
d) It is uncatalytic reaction
158. A mixture of 0.3 mole of H2 and 0.3 mole of I2 is allowed to react in a 10 L evacuated flask at 500℃. The
reaction is H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI, the 𝐾 is found to be 64. The amount of unreacted I2 at equilibrium is
a) 0.03 mol b) 0.06 mol c) 0.09 mol d) 3.6 mol
159. In a solution of a weak electrolyte at infinite dilution we have:
a) Only cations and electrolyte in 10% dissociated
b) Only anions and electrolyte is 10% dissociated
c) Both cations and anions and electrolyte is 100% dissociated
d) Cations, anions and unionised electrolyte
160. In the reaction, PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g), the equilibrium concentration of PCl5 and PCl3 are 0.4 and 0.2
mol/L respectively. If the value of 𝐾𝑐 is 0.5 what is the concentration ofCl2 in mol/L?
a) 0.5 b) 1.0 c) 1.5 d) 2.0
161. The reaction that proceeds in the forward direction is :
a) SnCl4 + Hg 2 Cl2 → SnCl2 + 2HgCl2
b) NH4 Cl + NaOH → H2 O + NH3 + NaCl
c) Mn2+ + 2H2 O + Cl2 → MnO2 + 4H + + 2Cl−
d) S4 O2− − 2−
6 + 2I → 2S2 O3 + I2
162. Which is a Lewis base
I2 + I − → I3− ?
a) I2 b) I3− c) I − d) None of these
163. A solution contains 10 mL of 0.1 N NaOH and 10 mL of 0.05 N H2 SO4 , pH of this solution is
a) Less than 7 b) 7 c) Zero d) Greater than 7
164. The solubility of PbCl2 in water is 0.01 𝑀 at 25℃. Its maximum concentration in 0.1 𝑀 NaCl will be:
a) 2 × 10−3 𝑀 b) 1 × 10−4 𝑀 c) 1.6 × 10−2 𝑀 d) 4 × 10−4 𝑀
165. H𝑋 is a weak acid (𝐾𝑎 = 10−5 ). It forms a salt Na𝑋 (0.1 M on reacting with caustic soda. The
degree of hydrolysis of Na𝑋 is
a) 0.01% b) 0.0001 % c) 0.1 % d) 0.5 %
166. Which species acts as stronger acid than formic acid in aqueous solution?
a) CH3 COOH b) H2 SO4 c) NH4+ d) HPO2−
4
167. In a reaction at equilibrium ′𝑋′ mole of the reactant 𝐴 decompose to give 1 mole each of 𝐶 and𝐷. If the
fraction of 𝐴 decomposed at equilibrium is independent of initial concentration of 𝐴, then the value of ′𝑋′ is
:
a) 1 b) 3 c) 2 d) 4
168. Starting with 1 mole of N2 O4 , if α is the degree of dissociation of N2 O4 for the reaction, N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 then
at equilibrium the total number of moles of N2 O4 and NO2 present is
a) 2 b) (1 − α) c) (1 − α)2 d) (1 + α)
169. A saturated solution of Mg(OH)2 in water at 25℃ contains 0.11 g Mg(OH)2 per litre of solution. The
solubility product of Mg(OH)2 is:
a) (0.11)2 b) (0.11)3 c) 4 × (0.11)3 d) 4 × (0.11)3 /(58)3
170. For the reaction,
2NO3 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + O2 (g)
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 (𝐾𝑐 = 1.8 × 10−6 at 184℃)
(𝑅 = 0.00831 kJ/(mol K)
When 𝐾𝑝 and 𝐾𝑐 are compared at 184℃, it is found that
Whether 𝐾𝑝 is greater than less than or equal
a) b) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐
to 𝐾𝑐 depends upon the total gas pressure
c) 𝐾𝑝 is less than 𝐾𝑐 d) 𝐾𝑝 is greater than 𝐾𝑐
171. Which is the best choice for weak base-strong acid titration?
a) Methyl red b) Litmus c) Phenol red d) Phenolphthalein
172. The value of the ionic product of water depends
a) On volume of water b) On temperature
c) Changes by adding acid or alkali d) Always remain constant
173. The formation of SO3 takes place according to the following reaction, 2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3 , ∆𝐻 = −45.2 kcal.
The formation of SO3 is favoured by
a) Increase of volume b) Increase in pressure
c) Increase in temperature d) Removal of oxygen
174. Which one is strongest electrolyte in the following?
a) NaCl b) CH3 COOH c) NH4 OH d) C6 H12 O6
175. For which of the following reactions, 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 ?
a) N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 b) N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO c) PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2 d) 2SO3 ⇌ 2SO2 + O2
176. The solubility of AgI in NaI solution is less than that in pure water because
a) AgI forms complex with NaI b) Of common ion effect
c) Solubility product of AgI is less d) The temperature of the solution decreases
177. The partial pressure of CH3 OH(g), CO(g) and H2 (g) in equilibrium mixture for the reaction, CO(g) +
2H2 (g) ⇌ CH3 OH(g) are 2.0, 1.0 and 0.1 atm respectively at 4270C. The value of 𝐾𝑝 for the decomposition
of CH3 OH to CO and H2 is :
a) 102 atm b) 2 × 102 atm−1 c) 50 atm2 d) 5 × 10−3 atm2
178. What happens to pH of a solution when NH4 Cl crystal is added to a dilute solution of NH4 OH?
a) Decreases b) Increases c) Remains unaffected d) All of these
179. What mole of Ca(OH)2 is dissolved in 250 mL aqueous solution to given a solution of pH 10.65, assuming
full dissociation?
a) 0.47 × 10−4 b) 0.48 × 10−4 c) 0.56 × 10−4 d) 0.58 × 10−4
180. The volume of the reaction vessel containing an equilibrium mixture in the reaction, SO 2Cl2(g) ⇌ SO2(g) +
Cl2(g) is increased. When equilibrium is reestablished:
a) The amount of SO2(g) will decrease
b) The amount of SO2Cl2(g) will increase
c) The amount of Cl2(g) will increase
d) The amount of Cl2 (g) will remain unchanged
181. The acidic nature of zinc oxide is shown from the formation of salt:
a) NaZnO2 b) Na2 ZnO2 c) Na2 Zn2 O2 d) None of these
182. Consider the following reaction equilibrium
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)
Initially, 1 mole of N2 and 3 moles of H2 are take in a 2 L flask. At equilibrium state if, the number
of moles of N2 is 0.6, what is the total number of moles of all gases present in the flask?
a) 0.8 b) 1.6 c) 3.2 d) 6.4
183. If 0.1 mole of I2 is introduced into 1.0 litre flask at 1000 K, at equilibrium (𝐾𝑐 = 10−6 ), which one is correct?
1
a) [I2 (g)] > [I(g)] b) [I2 (g)] < [I(g)] c) [I2 (g)] = [I(g)] d) [I2 (g)] = [I(g)]
2
184. The equilibrium constant 𝐾𝑐 for 𝐴(g) ⇌ 𝐵(g) is 1.1, Gas 𝐵 will have molar concentration greater than 1 if :

P a g e | 14
 a) (𝐴) = 0.91 b) (𝐴) > 0.91 c) (𝐴) > 1 d) At all these
185. The equilibrium which remains unaffected by change in pressure of the reactants is
a) N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g) b) 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2SO3 (g)
c) 2O3 (g) ⇌ 3O2 (g) d) 2NO2 ⇌ N2 O4 (g)
186. The pH value of 0.001 M aqueous solution of NaCl is
a) 7 b) 4 c) 11 d) unpredictable
187. The solution of AgCl is unsaturated if:
a) [Ag + ][Cl− ] < 𝐾𝑠𝑝 b) [Ag + ][Cl− ] > 𝐾𝑠𝑝 c) [Ag + ][Cl− ] = 𝐾𝑠𝑝 d) None of these
188. A decimolar solution of ammonium hydroxide is ionised to the extent of 1.3%. If log 1.3. If log 1.3 = 0.11,
what is the pH of the solution?
a) 11.11 b) 9.11 c) 8.11 d) Unpredictable
189. The equivalent conductance of 𝑀 solution of a weak monobasic acid is 8.0 mhos cm2 and at infinite
32
dilution is 400 mhos cm2 . The dissociation constant of this acid is:
a) 1.25 × 10−4 b) 1.25 × 10−5 c) 1.25 × 10−6 d) 6.25 × 10−4
190. Hydrolysis of oxide ion in water produces:
a) H + b) OH − c) O2 d) H2 O
191. A weak acid H𝑋 has the dissociation constant 1 × 10−5 M. It forms a salt Na𝑋 on reaction with alkali. The
degree of hydrolysis of 0.1 M solution of Na𝑋 is
a) 0.0001% b) 0.01% c) 0.1% d) 0.15%
192. The species among the following which can act as an acid and a base is:
a) HSO− 4 b) SO2−
4 c) H3 O+ d) Cl−
193. For the reactions,
𝐴 ⇌ 𝐵; 𝐾𝑐 = 2
𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶; 𝐾𝑐 = 4
𝐶 ⇌ 𝐷; 𝐾𝑐 = 6
𝐾𝑐 for the reaction, 𝐴 ⇌ 𝐷 is:
a) (2 + 4 + 6) b) (2 × 4)/6 c) (4 × 6)/2 d) 2 × 4 × 6
194. 0.365 g of HCl gas was passed through 100 cm of 0.2 M NaOH solution. The pH of the resulting
3

solution would be
a) 1 b) 5 c) 8 d) 13
195. The pH of a 0.0001 N solution of KOH will be
a) 4 b) 6 c) 10 d) 12
196. The equilibrium constant for a reaction is 1 × 10 at 300 K. The standard Gibbs energy change for this
20

reaction is :
a) − 115 kJ b) + 115kJ c) + 166 kJ d) − 116 kJ
197. The equilibrium constant for the reaction ; P4 (𝑠) + 5O2 (g) ⇌ P4 O10 (𝑠)𝑖𝑠 ∶
1 [P4 O10 ] [P4 O10 ]
a) 𝐾𝑐 = b) 𝐾 𝑐 = [O2 ]5 c) 𝐾 𝑐 = d) 𝐾𝑐 =
[O2 ]5 5[P4 ][O2 ] [P4 ][O2 ]5
198. The correct relation for hydrolysis constant of NH4 CN is:
𝐾 𝐾𝑤 𝐾 𝐾𝑎
a) √ 𝑤 b) c) √ 𝐻 d)
𝐾𝑎 𝐾𝑎 × 𝐾𝑏 𝑐 𝐾𝑏
199. The gaseous reaction,
𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 2𝐶 + 𝐷 + 𝒬 is most favoured at
a) Low temperature and high pressure b) High temperature and low high pressure
c) High temperature and low pressure d) Low temperature and low pressure
200. An aqueous solution of 0.1 𝑀 NH4 Cl will have a pH closer to:
a) 9.1 b) 8.1 c) 7.1 d) 5.1

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201. If the concentration of OH − ions is the reaction Fe(OH)3 (𝑠) ⇌ Fe3+ (𝑎𝑞) + 3OH − (𝑎𝑞), is decreased by
1
4
times, then equilibrium concentration of Fe3+ will increase by :
a) 16 times b) 64 times c) 4 times d) 8 times
202. 𝐴(𝑔) + 3𝐵(𝑔) ⇌ 4𝐶(𝑔).
Initially concentration of 𝐴 is equal to that of 𝐵. The equilibrium concentrations of 𝐴 and 𝐶 are
equal. 𝐾𝑐 is
a) 0.08 b) 0.08 c) 8 d) 80
203. 18 mL of mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate required 6 mL of 0.1 𝑀 NaOH for neutralization of the
acid and 12 mL of 0.1 𝑀 HCl for reaction with salt, separately. If p𝐾𝑎 of the acid is 4.75, what is the pH of
the mixture?
a) 5.05 b) 4.75 c) 4.5 d) 4.6
204. 50 mL of 0.1 M HCl and 50 mL of 0.2 M NaOH are mixed. The pH of the resulting solution is
a) 1.30 b) 4.2 c) 12.70 d) 11.70
205. 𝐾𝑐 for the reaction : [Ag(CN)2 ] ⇌ Ag + 2CN , the equilibrium constant at 25C is 4.0 × 10-19, then the
− + −

silver ion concentration in a solution which was originally 0.1 molar in KCN and 0.03 molar in AgNO3 is :
a) 7.5 × 1018 b) 7.5 × 10−18 c) 7.5 × 1019 d) 7.5 × 10−19
206. The p𝐾𝑎 for acid 𝐴 is greater than p𝐾𝑎 for acid 𝐵. The strong acid is:
a) Acid 𝐴 b) Acid 𝐵 c) Are equally strong d) None of these
207. When 100 mL of 1 M NaOH solution is mixed with 10 mL of 10 M H2 SO4 , the resulting mixture will be
a) Acidic b) Alkaline c) HClO3 d) H3 PO3
208. The [H3 O+ ] in the rain water of pH = 4.35 is:
a) 4.5 × 10−5 𝑀 b) 6.5 × 10−5 𝑀 c) 9.5 × 10−5 𝑀 d) 12.5 × 10−5 𝑀
209. For which salt the pH of its solution does not change with dilution?
a) NH4 Cl b) CH3 COONH4 c) CH3 COONa d) None of these
210. When hydrogen molecules decomposed into it’s atoms which conditions gives maximum yield of
H atom?
a) High temperature and low pressure b) Low temperature and high pressure
c) High temperature and high pressure d) Low temperature and low pressure
211. Which is not and acid salt?
a) NaH2 PO2 b) NaH2 PO3 c) NaH2 PO4 d) NaHSO3
212. Which is a Lewis base?
a) B2 H6 b) LiAlH4 c) AlH3 d) NH3
213. Final pressure is higher than initial pressure of a container filled with an ideal gas at constant
temperature. What will be the value of equilibrium constant?
a) 𝐾 = 1.0 b) 𝐾 = 10.0 c) 𝐾 > 1.0 d) 𝐾 < 1.0
214. In which of the following cases, does not reaction go farthest to completion?
a) 𝐾 = 103 b) 𝐾 = 10−2 c) 𝐾 = 10 d) 𝐾 = 1
215. For the reaction, H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⟶ 2HI(g), the equilibrium constant 𝐾𝑝 changes with
a) Total pressure b) Catalyst
c) The amount H2 and I2 d) Temperature
216. The equilibrium constant for the reaction,
N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g)
At temperature 𝑇 is 4 × 10−4 . The value of 𝐾𝑐 for the reaction
1 1
NO(g) ⇌ 2 N2 (g) + 2 O2 (g)
at the same temperature is
a) 2.5 × 102 b) 50 c) 4 × 10−4 d) 0.02

P a g e | 16
217. The reaction, 2A(g) + B(g) ⇌ 3C(g) + D(g) is begun with the concentration of 𝐴 and 𝐵 both at an initial value
of 1.00M. When equilibrium is reached, the concentration of 𝐷 is measured and found to be 0.25 M. The
value for the equilibrium constant for this reaction is given by the expression :
a) [(0.75)3 (0.25)] ÷ [(1.00)2 (1.00)]
b) [(0.75)3 (0.25)] ÷ [(0.50)2 (0.75)]
c) [(0.75)3 (0.25)] ÷ [(0.50)2 (0.25)]
d) [(0.75)3 (0.25)] ÷ [(0.75)2 (0.25)]
218. In HS − , I − , R − NH2 , NH3 order of proton accepting tendency will be:
a) I − > NH3 > 𝑅NH2 > HS −
b) NH3 > 𝑅NH2 > HS − > I −
c) 𝑅NH2 > NH3 > HS − > I −
d) HS − > 𝑅NH2 > NH3 > I −
219. Strong electrolytes are those which:
a) Dissolve readily in non-polar solvent
b) Conduct electricity in aqueous solution
c) Dissociate into ions at high concentration
d) None of the above
220. The pH of 0.1 𝑁 HCl solution is:
a) 1.0 b) 7.0 c) 14.0 d) 4.0
221. A solution of FeCl3 in water acts as acidic due to:
a) Acidic impurities b) Ionisation c) Hydrolysis of Fe3+ d) Dissociation
222. The concept that an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor was introduced by:
a) Arrhenius b) Bronsted-Lowry c) Lewis d) Faraday
223. Which is decreasing order of strength of bases?
̅ H, N
O ̅ H2 , HC ≡ C− and CH3 CH2−
a) H3 CCH2− > 𝑁H2− > 𝐻𝐶 ≡ C− > 𝑂H − b) HC ≡ C − > 𝐶H3 CH2− > 𝑁H2− > 𝑂H −
c) OH − > 𝑁H2− > 𝐶𝐻 ≡ C − > H3 CCH2− d) NH2− > 𝐻𝐶 ≡ C − > 𝑂H − > H3 CCH2−
224. The strength of an acid depends on its tendency to
a) Accept protons b) Donate protons c) Accept electrons d) Donate electrons
225. The following reactions are known to occur in the body,
CO2 + H2 O ⇌ H2 CO3 ⇌ H + + HCO− 3
If CO2 escapes from the system, then:
a) pH will decrease
b) Hydrogen ion concentration will diminish
c) H2 CO3 concentration will be unaltered
d) The forward reaction will be promoted
226. The common ion effect is shown by which of the following sets of solutions?
a) BaCl2 + BaNO3 b) NaCl + HCl c) NH4 OH + NH4 Cl d) None of these
227. In the reaction, C(𝑠) + CO2 (g) ⇌ 2CO(g), the equilibrium pressure is 12 atm. If 50% of CO2 reacts, 𝐾𝑝 for
the change is :
a) 12 atm b) 16 atm c) 20 atm d) 6 atm
228. For a given solution pH = 6.9 at 60℃, where 𝐾𝑤 = 10 . The solution is:
−12

a) Acidic b) Basic c) Neutral d) Unpredictable

229. A quantity of PCl5 was heated in a 10 litre vessel at 250C to show PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g). At
equilibrium the vessel contains 0.1 mole of PCl5 , 0.20 mole of PCl3 and 0.20 mole of Cl2 . The equilibrium
constant of the reaction is :
a) 0.02 b) 0.05 c) 0.04 d) 0.025
230. One mole of ethyl alcohol was treated with one mole of acetic acid at 25C. 2/3 of the acid changes into ester
at equilibrium. The equilibrium constant for the reaction will be:

P a g e | 17
 a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
231. 9.2 g of N2 O4 (g) is taken in a closed 1 L vessel and heated till the following equilibrium is reached
N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g)
At equilibrium, 50% N2 O4 (g) is dissociated. What is the equilibrium constant (in molL−1 )? (Molecular
weight of N2 O4 = 92)
a) 0.1 b) 0.2 c) 0.3 d) 0.4
232. Assuming complete dissociation which of the following aqueous solutions will have the same pH value?
(i)100 mL of 0.01 M HCl
(ii)100 mL of 0.01 MH2 SO4
(iii)50 mL of 0.01 M HCl
(iv)Mixture of 50 mL of 0.02 M H2 SO4 and 50 mL of 0.02 M NaOH
a) (i), (ii) b) (i), (iii) c) (ii), (iv) d) (i), (iv)
233. At 3000 K, the equilibrium pressure of CO2 , CO and O2 are 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 atm respectively. 𝐾𝑝 for the
reaction 2CO2 ⇌ 2CO + O2 , is
a) 0.089 b) 0.098 c) 0.189 d) 0.198
234. The p𝐾𝑎 of weak acid H𝐴 is 4.5. The pOH of an aqueous buffer solution of H𝐴 in which 50% of the acid is
ionised:
a) 7.0 b) 4.5 c) 2.5 d) 9.5
235. An amphoteric buffer solution in which conc. of H and H𝑋 is same. The value of 𝐾𝑎 of H𝑋 is 10−8 ,
+

then pH of buffer solution is

a) 3 b) 8 c) 10 d) 14
236. In the reaction, 3𝐴 + 2𝐵 → 2𝐶, the equilibrium constant 𝐾𝑐 is given by
[3𝐴]×[2𝐵] [𝐴]3 ×[𝐵] [𝐶]2 [𝐶]
a) [𝐶]
b) c) [𝐴]3 ×[𝐵]2
d) [3𝐴][2𝐵]
[𝐶]
237. Which reaction is not affected by change in pressure?
a) H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI b) N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
c) PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2 d) 2C + O2 ⇌ 2CO
238. Three reactions involving H2 PO− 4 are given below
(i)H3 PO4 + H2 O → H3 O+ + H2 PO− 4
− 2−
(ii)H2 PO4 + H2 O → HPO4 + H3 O+
(iii)H2 PO− −
4 + OH → H3 PO4 + O
2−

In which of the above does H2 PO−4 act as an acid?

a) (ii) only b) (i)and (ii) c) (iii) only d) (i) only
239. pH for the solution of salt undergoing anionic hydrolysis (say CH3 COONa) is given by:
1
a) pH = [p𝐾𝑤 + p𝐾𝑎 + log 𝑐]
2
1
b) pH = [p𝐾𝑤 + p𝐾𝑎 − log 𝑐]
2
1
c) pH = [p𝐾𝑤 + p𝐾𝑏 − log 𝑐]
2
d) None of the above
240. For the reactions, 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝑄 ⇌ 𝐶 + 𝐷, if the temperature is increased then concentration of the products
will
a) Increase b) Decrease c) Remains the same d) Become zero
241. Under what conditions of temperature and pressure, the formation of atomic hydrogen from molecular
hydrogen will be favoured most?
a) High temperature and high pressure b) High temperature and low pressure
c) Low temperature and low pressure d) Low temperature and high pressure
242. Mohr’s salt is a:
a) Normal salt b) Acid salt c) Basic salt d) Double salt
P a g e | 18
243. pH of 0.05 𝑀 Mg(OH)2 is:
a) 13 b) 10 c) 1 d) Zero
244. In which of the following reactions, the concentration of product is higher than the concentration
of reactant at equilibrium? (𝐾 = equilibrium constant)
a) 𝐴 ⇌ 𝐵; 𝐾 = 0.001 b) 𝑀 ⇌ 𝑁; 𝐾 = 10 c) 𝑋 ⇌ 𝑌; 𝐾 = 0.005 d) 𝑅 ⇌ 𝑃; 𝐾 = 0.01
245. The values of dissociation constant of bases are given below. Which is the weakest base?
a) 1.8 × 10−5 b) 4.8 × 10−10 c) 7.2 × 10−11 d) 7.07 × 10−7
246. The dissociation equilibrium of a gas AB2 can be represented as :
2𝐴𝐵2 (g) ⇌ 2𝐴𝐵(g) + 𝐵2 (g)
The degree of dissociation is ′𝑥′ and is small compared to 1. The expression relating the degree of
dissociation (𝑥) with equilibrium constant 𝐾𝑝 and total pressure 𝑝 is :
a) (2𝐾𝑝 / 𝑃 )1/3 b) (2𝐾𝑝 / 𝑃 )1/2 c) (𝐾𝑝 /𝑃) d) (2𝐾𝑝 /𝑃)
247. In which one of the following gaseous equilibria, 𝐾𝑝 is less than 𝐾𝑐 ?
a) N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 b) 2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3 c) 2HI ⇌ H2 + I2 d) N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO
248. 𝐾sp for Cr(OH)3 is 2.7 × 10−31 . What is its solubility in mol/L?
a) 1 × 10−8 b) 8 × 10−8 c) 1.1 × 10−8 d) 0.18 × 10−8
249. N2 O4 is dissociated to 33% and 40% at total pressure 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 atm respectively. Then the ratio 𝑃1 /𝑃2 is:
a) 7/4 b) 7/3 c) 8/3 d) 8/5
250. In the reactions, 𝐴 + 2𝐵 ⇌ 2𝐶, if 2 moles of 𝐴, 3.0 moles of 𝐵 and 2.0 moles of 𝐶 are placed in a 2 L flask
and the equilibrium concentration of 𝐶 is 0.5 mol/L, the equilibrium constant (𝐾𝑐 ) for the reactions is
a) 0.21 b) 0.50 c) 0.75 d) 0.025
251. The pH value of 1/1000 N KOH solution is
a) 3 b) 10−11 c) 2 d) 11
252. The pH of tears coming out of a person’s eye is:
a) 7.4 b) 6.4 c) 7.0 d) 2.36
253. The solubility of CaF2 is 2 × 10 mol/L. Its solubility product (𝐾sp ) is
−4

a) 2.0 × 10−4 b) 4.0 × 10−3 c) 8.0 × 10−12 d) 3.2 × 10−11

254. The solubility product of a salt having general formula 𝑀𝑋2 in water is 4 × 10−12 . The concentration of
M 2+ ions in the aqueous solution of the salt is
a) 2.0 × 10−6 M b) 1.0 × 10−4 M c) 1.6 × 10−4 M d) 4.0 × 10−10 M
255. The solubility product of barium sulphate is 1.5 × 10−9 at 18℃. Its solubility in water at 18℃ is
a) 1.5 × 10−9 b) 1.5 × 10−5 c) 3.9 × 10−9 d) 3.9 × 10−5
256. The strongest Bronsted base is
a) ClO3− b) ClO2− c) ClO4− d) ClO−
257. The reaction quotient (𝑄) at equilibrium is:
a) = 1 b) = 𝐾 c) > 𝐾 d) < 𝐾
258. The concentration of oxalic acid is ′𝑥 mol L . 40 mL. of this solution reacts with 16 mL of 0.05 M
′ −1

acidified KMnO4 . What is the pH of ′𝑥′ M oxolic acid solution?

(Assume that oxalic acid dissociates completely)
a) 1.3 b) 1.699 c) 1 d) 2
259. Metal ions like Ag , Cu etc. act as
+ 2+

a) Bronsted acids b) Bronsted bases c) Lewis acids d) Lewis bases

260. The 𝑝𝐾𝑎 of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is 3.5. The pH of gastric juice in human stomach is about 2 − 3 and
the pH in the small intestine is about 8. Aspirin will be
a) Unionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
b) Completely ionised in the small intestine and in the stomach
c) Ionised in the stomach and almost unionised in the small intestine

P a g e | 19
 d) Ionised in the small intestine and almost unionised in the stomach
261. A solution is called saturated if:
a) Ionic concentration product < solubility product
b) Ionic concentration product > solubility product
c) Ionic concentration product ≥ solubility product
d) None of the above
262. The auto protonation constant of H2 O is:
a) 1 × 10−14 b) 3.23 × 10−18 c) 1.8 × 10−18 d) 3.23 × 10−20
263. 𝐾𝑐 for 𝑚1 𝐴 + 𝑚2 𝐵 = 𝑛1 𝐶 + 𝑛2 𝐷 is given by:
[𝐴]𝑚1 [𝐵]𝑚2 [𝐴]𝑛1 [𝐵]𝑛2 [𝐶]𝑛1 [𝐷]𝑛2 [𝐶]𝑚1 × [𝐷]𝑚2
a) 𝐾𝑐 = b) 𝐾𝑐 = c) 𝐾 𝑐 = d) 𝐾 𝑐 =
[𝐶] × [𝐷] [𝐶]𝑚1 [𝐷]𝑚2 [𝐴]𝑚1 [𝐵]𝑚2 [𝐴]𝑛1 × [𝐵]𝑛2
264. The pH of millimolar HCl is
a) 1 b) 3 c) 2 d) 4
265. Partial pressure of 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 on the basis of gaseous system, 𝐴 + 2𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶 + 3𝐷, are 𝐴 = 0.20, 𝐵 =
0.10, 𝐶 = 0.30and 𝐷 = 0.50 atm. The numerical value of equilibrium constant is
a) 3.75 b) 18.75 c) 17.85 d) 15.87
266. Which equilibrium can be described as Lewis acid-base reaction but not Bronsted acid-base reaction?
a) H2 O + CH3 COOH ⇌ H3 O+ + CH3 COO−
b) 2NH3 + H2 SO4 ⇌ 2NH4+ + SO2− 4
c) NH3 + CH3 COOH ⇌ NH4+ + CH3 COO−
d) [Cu(H2 O)4 ]2+ + 4NH3 ⇌ [Cu(NH3 )4 ]2+ + 4H2 O
267. SnCl2 and HgCl2 cannot co-exist in a solution because of:
a) Common ion effect
b) Le − Chatelier′s principle
c) Conc. of Cl− increases to precipitate both
d) Redox change
268. The species which acts as a Lewis but not a Bronsted acid is
a) NH2− b) O2− c) BF3 d) OH −
269. What is the best description of the change that occurs when Na2 O(𝑠) is dissolved in water?
a) Oxidation number of sodium decreases
b) Oxide ion accepts sharing in a pair of electrons
c) Oxide ion donates a pair of electrons
d) Oxidation number of oxygen increases
270. pH of 0.005 M calcium acetate is
(p𝐾𝑎 of CH3 COOH = 4.74)
a) 7.04 b) 9.37 c) 9.26 d) 8.2195
271. Relation between hydrolysis constant and dissociation constant are given. Which is the correct
formula for MgCl2 ?
𝐾𝑤 𝐾𝑤 𝐾𝑤 𝐾ℎ
a) 𝐾ℎ = b) 𝐾ℎ = c) 𝐾ℎ = d) 𝐾𝑤 =
𝐾𝑎 𝐾𝑏 𝐾𝑎 × 𝐾𝑏 𝐾𝑏
272. Theory’s ‘active mass’ indicates that the rate of chemical reaction is directly proportional to the
a) Equilibrium constant b) Volume of apparatus
c) Properties of reactants d) Concentration of reactants
273. In which of the following reactions, the value of 𝐾𝑝 will be equal to 𝐾𝑐 ?
a) PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2 b) 2NH3 ⇌ N2 + 3H2 c) H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI d) 2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3
274. In the hydrolysis of a salt of weak acid and weak base, the hydrolysis constant 𝐾ℎ is equal to
𝐾𝑤 𝐾𝑤 𝐾𝑤
a) b) c) d) 𝐾𝑎 . 𝐾𝑏
𝐾𝑏 𝐾𝑎 𝐾𝑎 . 𝐾𝑏

P a g e | 20
275. In which reaction ammonia acts as an acid?
a) NH3 + HCl ⟶ NH4 Cl
b) NH3 + H + ⟶ NH4+
1
c) NH3 + Na ⟶ NaNH2 + H2
2
d) NH3 cannot act as an acid
276. The compounds 𝐴 and 𝐵 are mixed in equimolar proportion to form the products, 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶 + 𝐷.
At equilibrium, one third of 𝐴 and 𝐵 are consumed. The equilibrium constant for the reaction is
a) 0.5 b) 4.0 c) 2.5 d) 0.25
277. 40% of a mixture of 0.2 mole of N2 and 0.6 mole of H2 react to give NH3 according to the equation, N2 (g) +
3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) at constant temperature and pressure. Then the ratio of the final volume to the initial
volume of gases is :
a) 4 : 5 b) 5 : 4 c) 7 : 10 d) 8 : 5
278. An aqueous solution contains a substance which yields 4 × 10 mol litre ion of H3 O+ . If log 2 = 0.3010,
−3 −1

the pH of the solution is:

a) 1.5 b) 2.398 c) 3.0 d) 3.4
279. For preparing a buffer solution of pH 6 by mixing sodium acetate and acetic acid, the ration of
concentration of salt and acid (𝐾𝑎 = 10−5 ) should be:
a) 1 ∶ 10 b) 10 ∶ 1 c) 100 ∶ 1 d) 1 ∶ 100
280. The concentration of hydrogen ion [H + ] and pH in 10 𝑀 HCl is:
a) 101 , zero b) 101 , −1 c) 102 , 1 d) 101 , 1
281. Solubility product of Mg(OH)2 at ordinary temperature is 1.96 × 10−11 . pH of a saturated solution
of Mg(OH)2 will be
a) 10.53 b) 8.47 c) 6.94 d) 3.47
282. For the reaction H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI ∶
a) 𝐾𝑐 = 2𝐾𝑝 b) 𝐾𝑐 > 𝐾𝑝 c) 𝐾𝑐 = 𝐾𝑝 d) 𝐾𝑐 < 𝐾𝑝
283. When CaCO3 is heated at a constant temperature in a closed container, the pressure due to CO2 produced
will:
a) Change with the amount of CaCO3 taken
b) Change with the size of the container
c) Remain constant so long as temperature is constant
d) Remain constant even if temperature is changed
284. Four species are listed below
IV. HCO− 3
V. H3 O+
VI. HSO− 4
VII. HSO3 F
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of their acid strength?
a) (iv) < (ii) < (iii) < (i) b) (ii) < (iii) < (i) < (iv)
c) (i) < (iii) < (ii) < (iv) d) (iii) < (i) < (iv) < (ii)
285. 1 dm3 solution containing 10 5 moles each of Cl ions and CrO24 ions is treated with 10 4 moles of
silver nitrate. Which one of the following observation is made?
[𝐾sp Ag 2 CrO4 4 10 12 ]
[𝐾sp AgCl 1 10 10 ]
a) Precipitation does not occur
b) Silver chromate gets precipitated first
c) Silver chloride gets precipitated first
d) Both silver chromate and silver chloride start precipitating simultaneously
P a g e | 21
286. Which is a basic salt?
a) PbS b) PbCO3 c) PbSO4 d) 2PbCO3 Pb(OH)2
287. A reversible reaction, H2 + Cl2 ⇌ 2HCl is carried out in one litre flask. If the same reaction is carried out in
two litre flask, the equilibrium constant will be:
a) Doubled b) Decreased c) Halved d) Same
288. In the system, CaF2 (𝑠) ⇌ Ca (𝑎𝑞) + 2F (𝑎𝑞), increasing the concentration of Ca2+ions 4 times will cause
2+ −

the equilibrium concentration of F − ions to change to :

a) ¼ of the initial value
b) ½ of the initial value
c) 2 times of the initial value
d) None of the above
289. Hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L in a solution of pH = 5.4 will be
a) 3.98 × 108 b) 3.88 × 106 c) 3.68 × 10−6 d) 3.98 × 10−6
290. The strongest conjugate base is
a) NO− 3 b) Cl− c) SO2−4 d) CH3 COO−
291. In the reaction I2 + I − = I3− , the Lewis base is:
a) I2 b) I − c) I3− d) None of these
292. HI was heated in a sealed tube at 4400C till the equilibrium was reached, HI was found to be 22%
decomposed. The equilibrium constant for dissociation is :
a) 0.282 b) 0.0796 c) 0.0199 d) 1.99
293. Which one is amphoteric oxide?
a) SO2 b) B2 O3 c) ZnO d) Na2 O
294. For which reaction 𝐾𝑝 is less than 𝐾𝑐 ?
a) N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 b) 2HI ⇌ H2 + I2 c) 2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3 d) N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO
295. For the reactions, H2 (g) + CO2 (g) ⇌ CO(g) + H2 O(g) if the initial concentration of [H2 ] = [CO2 ] and 𝑥
mol/L of hydrogen is consumed at equilibrium, the correct expression of 𝐾𝑝 is
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 (1 + 𝑥)2
a) b) c) d)
(1 − 𝑥)2 (2 + 𝑥)2 1 − 𝑥3 (1 − 𝑥)2
296. In the given reaction,
2𝑋(g) + 𝑌(g) ⇌ 2𝑍(g) + 80 kcal,
Which combination of pressure and temperature will give the highest yield of Z at equilibrium?
a) 1000 atm and 200℃ b) 500 atm and 500℃
c) 1000 atm and 100℃ d) 500 atm and 100℃
297. Equimolar solutions of the following were prepared in water separately. Which one of the solutions will
record the highest pH?
a) BaCl2 b) MgCl2 c) CaCl2 d) SrCl2
298. Which is not correct for Lewis acids?
a) They contain at least one vacant orbital
b) They have a tendency to accept electrons
c) The smaller ion has greater acidic strength
d) In case of ions, the strength of acid is inversely proportional to its charge
299. The vapour density of N2 O4 at a certain temperature is 30. What is the percentage dissociation of N2 O4 at
this temperature?
a) 46.5% b) 36.2% c) 53.3% d) 64.2%
300. For which reaction Kp ≠ Kc ?
a) 2NO2(g) ⇌ N2(g) + O2(g)
b) SO2(g) + NO2(g) ⇌ SO3(g) + NO(g)
c) I2(g) + H2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
d) 2C(s) + O2 (g) →2CO(g)

P a g e | 22
301. A buffer mixture of acetic acid and potassium acetate has pH = 5.24. The ratio of [CH3 COO− ]/[CH3 COOH] in
this buffer is, (p𝐾𝑎 = 4.74):
a) 3 ∶ 1 b) 1 ∶ 3 c) 1 ∶ 1 d) 1 ∶ 2
302. p𝐾𝑎 of acetic acid is 4.74. The concentration of CH3 COONa is 0.01 M. The pH of CH3 COONa is
a) 3.37 b) 4.37 c) 4.74 d) 0.474
303. If 1 𝑀 CH3 COONa is added to 1 𝑀 CH3 COOH:
a) pH of the solution increases
b) pH decreases
c) pH does not change
d) None of the above
304. 2.5 mL of 2 M weak monoacidic base (𝐾 = 1 × 10−12 at 25℃) is titrated with 2 M HCl in water
5 𝑏 15
+
at 25℃. The concentration of H at equivalence point is
(𝐾𝑤 = 1 × 10−14 at 25℃)
a) 3.7 × 10−13 M b) 3.2 × 10−7 M c) 3.2 × 10−2 M d) 2.7 × 10−2 M
305. Solubility product of a salt 𝐴𝐵 is 1 × 10−8 M 2 in a solution in which the concentration of 𝐴+ ions
is 10−3 M. The salt will precipitate when the concentration of 𝐵 − ions is kept
a) Between 10−8 to 10−7 M b) Between 10−7 M to 10−8 M
c) > 10−5 M d) < 10−8 M
306. For the gaseous reaction, C2 H4 + H2 ⇌ C2 H6 , ∆𝐻 = −130 kJ mol−1 carried in a closed vessel, the
equilibrium concentration of the C2 H6 can definitely be increased by
a) Increasing temperature and decreasingb) Decreasing temperature and increasing
pressure pressure
c) Increasing temperature and pressure both d) Decreasing temperature and pressure only
307. Chemical equilibrium is dynamic in nature because:
a) The equilibrium is maintained rapidly
b) The concentration of reactants and products become same at equilibrium
c) The concentration of reactants and products decrease with time
d) Both forward and backward reactions occur at all times with same speed
308. What happens to the yield on application of high pressure in the Haber’s synthesis of ammonia?
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Unaffected d) Reaction stops
309. The buffering action of an acidic buffer is maximum when its pH is equal to
a) 5 b) 7 c) 1 d) p𝐾𝑎
310. HA is a weak acid. The pH of 0.1 M HA solution is 2. What is the degree of dissociation (α) of HA?
a) 0.5 b) 0.2 c) 0.1 d) 0.301
311. Which of the following is a wrong statement about equilibrium state?
a) Rate of forward reaction= Rate of backward reaction
b) Equilibrium is dynamic
c) Catalysts increase value of equilibrium constant
d) Free energy change is zero
312. In an experiment to determine the enthalpy of neutralization of sodium hydroxide with sulphuric acid,
50 cm3 of 0.4 𝑀 sodium hydroxide were titrated thermometrically with 0.25 𝑀 sulphuric acid. Which of
the following plots gives the correct representation?

P a g e | 23
 a)

b)

c)

d)

313. H + ion produces common ion effect in the wet analysis of:
a) Group I metals b) Group II metals c) Group III metals d) Group IV metals
314. 15 moles of H2 and 5.2 moles of I2 are mixed and allowed to attain equilibrium at 500℃. At
equilibrium, the concentration of HI is found to be 10 moles. The equilibrium constant for the
formation of HI is
a) 50 b) 15 c) 100 d) 25
315. 10−6 𝑀 HCl is diluted to 100 times. Its pH is:
a) 6.0 b) 8.0 c) 6.95 d) 9.5
316. For the reaction, PCl 3 (g) + Cl 2 (g) ⇌ PCl 5 (g), the position of equilibrium can be shifted to the right by
a) Doubling the volume
b) Increasing the temperature
c) Addition of Cl2 at constant volume
d) Addition of equimolar quantities ofPCl3 and PCl5
317. The pH of an aqueous solution containing [H + ] concentration =3.0 × 10−3 M. The pH of the
solution is
a) 2.523 b) 3.0 c) 2.471 d) None of these
318. The addition of which salt will decrease the H concentration of HCN solution?
+

a) NH4 Cl b) Al2 (SO4 )3 c) AgNO3 d) NaCN

319. The pH of the solution obtained by mixing 10 mL of 10 𝑁 HCl and 10 mL of 10 𝑁 NaOH is:
−1 −1

a) 8 b) 2 c) 7 d) None of these
320. The solubility product of PbCl2 is 2.3 × 10 . Its solubility will be
−32

a) 1.78 × 10−11 g/L b) 2.95 × 10−9 g/L c) 3.42 × 10−9 g/L d) 4.95 × 10−9 g/L
P a g e | 24
321. A white salt is readily soluble in water and gives a colourless solution with a pH of about 9. The salt would
be:
a) NH4 NO3 b) CH3 COONa c) CH3 COONH4 d) CaCO3
322. The dissociation constant of NH4 OH is 1.8 × 10 . The hydrolysis constant of NH4 Cl would be:
−5

a) 1.8 × 10−19 b) 1.8 × 10−5 c) 5.55 × 10−5 d) 5.55 × 10−10

323. 50 mL of H2 O is added to 50 mL of 1 × 10−3 M barium hydroxide solution. What is the pH of the
resulting solution?
a) 3.0 b) 3.3 c) 11.0 d) 11.7
324. The indicator used in titration of oxalic acid with caustic soda solution is
a) Methyl orange b) Methyl red c) Fluorescein d) Phenolphthalein
325. For H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI, at equilibrium some I2 is added. What happens to the equilibrium?
a) It is shifted to the right b) It gets shifted to the left c) It remains unchanged d) None of the above
326. Which of the following is a characteristic of a reversible reaction?
a) It can never proceed to completion
b) It can be influenced by a catalyst
c) Number of moles of reactants and products are equal
d) None of the above
327. An aqueous solution of hydrogen sulphide shows the equilibrium,
H2 S ⇌ H + + HS −
If dilute hydrochloric acid is added to an aqueous solution of hydrogen sulphide without any change in
temperature, then:
a) The equilibrium constant will change
b) The concentration of HS − will increase
c) The concentration of undissociated hydrogen sulphide will decrease
d) The concentration of HS − will decreases
328. Le-Chatelier′s principle is not applicable to:
a) Homogeneous reactions
b) Heterogeneous reactions
c) Homogeneous or heterogeneous systems in equilibrium
d) Systems not in equilibrium
329. If p𝐾𝑎 values of four acids are given below at 25℃, the strongest acid is
a) 2.0 b) 2.5 c) 3.0 d) 4.0
330. Weakest base among the following is:
a) NaOH b) Ca(OH)2 c) Zn(OH)2 d) KOH
331. A solution of pH 9.0 is one thousand times as basic as a solution of pH:
a) 6 b) 7 c) 4 d) 10
332. Aprotic solvent is:
a) CCl4 b) C6 H6 c) SO2 d) All of these
333. The hydroxide with highest solubility product is:
a) Al(OH)3 b) Co(OH)2 c) Cr(OH)3 d) Fe(OH)3
334. In the absence of formation of complex ions by the addition of a common ion, the solubility of a given salt is:
a) Increased
b) Decreased
c) Unaffected
d) First increased and then decreased
335. The pH of 0.1 𝑀 NaHS is, 𝐾𝑎1 and 𝐾𝑎2 for H2 S are 1.3 × 10−7 and 7.1 × 10−15 respectively:
a) 10.52 b) 9.52 c) 12.52 d) 13.52
336. 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶 + 𝐷

P a g e | 25
 Initially moles of 𝐴 and 𝐵 are equal. At equilibrium, moles of C are three times that of A. the
equilibrium constant of the reaction will be
a) 1 b) 3 c) 4 d) 9
337. The strongest acid among the following is:
a) ClO3 (OH)
b) ClO2 (OH)
c) SO(OH2 )
d) SO2 (OH)2
338. The equilibrium constant in a reversible reaction at a given temperature
a) Does not depend on the initial concentrations
b) Depends on the initial concentrations of the reactants
c) Depends on the concentration of the products at equilibrium
d) It is not characteristic of the reaction
339. For the reaction, H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g) at 720 K, the value of equilibrium constant is 50, when equilibrium
concentration of both H2 and I2 is 0.5 M. 𝐾𝑝 under the same conditions will be :
a) 0.02 b) 0.2 c) 50 d) 50 𝑅𝑇
340. If 340 g of a mixture of N2 and H2 in the correct ratio gave a 20% yield of NH3 . The mass produced would be
:
a) 16 g b) 17 g c) 20 g d) 68 g
341. The conjugate acid of CO2− 3 is:
a) H2 O b) H2 CO3 c) OH − d) HCO− 3
342. Calculate the partial pressure of carbon monoxide from the following datas
∆
CaCO3 C → CaO(g) + CO2 ↑ 𝐾𝑝 = 8 × 10−2
O2 (g) + C(𝑠) → 2CO(g), 𝐾𝑝 = 2
a) 0.2 b) 0.4 c) 1.6 d) 4
343. In aqueous solution, the ionisation constants for carbonic acid are,
𝐾1 = 4.2 × 10−7 and 𝐾2 = 4.8 × 10−11
Select the correct statement for a saturated 0.034 M solution of the carbonic acid.
The concentration of CO2−3 is greater than that
a) The concentration of CO2− 3 is 0.034 M b) −
of HCO3
+ −
The concentration of H and HCO3 are The concentration of H + is double that of
c) d)
approximately equal CO2−
3
344. The rapid change of pH near the stoichiometric point of an acid base titration is the basis of
indicator detection. pH of the solution is related to the ratio of the concentration of the conjugate
acid (HIn) and base (In− ) forms of the indicator given by the expression
[In− ] [HIn]
a) log = p𝐾In − pH b) log = p𝐾In − pH
[HIn] [In− ]
[HIn] [In− ]
c) log = PH − p𝐾 In d) log = pH − p𝐾In
[In− ] [HIn]

345. The number of mole of hydroxide [OH − ] ion in 0.3 litre of 0.005 𝑀 solution of Ba(OH)2 is:
a) 0.0075 b) 0.0015 c) 0.0030 d) 0.0050
346. 4.5 moles each of hydrogen and iodine heated in a sealed 10 L vessel. At equilibrium 3 moles of HI were
found. The equilibrium constant for H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g) is
a) 1 b) 5 c) 10 d) 0.5
347. The degree of hydrolysis in hydrolytic equilibrium 𝐴− + H2 O ⇌ H𝐴 + OH − at salt concentration
of 0.001 M is (𝐾𝑎 = 1 × 10−5 )
a) 1 × 10−3 b) 1 × 10−4 c) 5 × 10−4 d) 1 × 10−6

P a g e | 26
348. For a hypothetical equilibrium:
4𝐴 + 5𝐵 ⇌ 4𝑥 + 6𝑦; the equilibrium constant 𝐾𝑐 has the unit:
a) mol2 litre−2 b) litre mol−1 c) litre2 mol−2 d) mol litre−1
349. Salting out action of soap is based on:
a) Complex ion formation
b) Common ion effect
c) Solubility product
d) Acid-base neutralization
350. The equilibrium constant for the reaction,
1
SO2 (g) + 2 O2 (g) ⇌ SO3 (g) is 5 × 10−2 atm. The equilibrium constant of the reaction
2SO3 (g) ⇌ 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) would be
a) 100 atm b) 200 atm c) 4 × 102 atm d) 6.25 × 104 atm
351. Which can be explained as applications of Le-Chatelier′s principle?
a) Transport of oxygen by haemoglobin in blood
b) Removal of CO2 from tissues by blood
c) Tooth decay due to use of sweet substances
d) All of the above
352. Which equilibrium in gaseous phase would be unaffected by an increase in pressure?
1
a) N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 b) N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO c) N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 d) CO + O2 ⇌ CO2
2
353. The aqueous solution of AlCl3 is acidic due to the hydrolysis of
a) Aluminum ion b) Chloride ion
c) Both aluminium and chloride ion d) None of the above
354. The percentage error in [H ] made by neglecting the ionisation of water in 1.0 × 10−6 𝑀 NaOH is:
+

a) 1% b) 2% c) 3% d) 4%
355. The colour of CuCr2 O7 solution in water is green because:
a) Cu2+ ions is green
b) Cr2 O2−
7 ion is green
c) Both the ions are green
d) Cu2+ ion is blue and Cr2 O2−
7 ion is yellow
356. Ammonium carbonate decomposes as
NH2 COONH4 (𝑠) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) + CO2 (g)
For the reaction, 𝐾𝑝 = 2.9 × 10−5 atm−3 . If we start with 1 mole of the compound, the total pressure at
equilibrium would be
a) 0.0766 atm b) 0.0582 atm c) 0.388 atm d) 0.0194 atm
357. Ionic product of water increases if
a) Pressure is reduced b) H + is added
c) OH − is added d) Temperature increase
358. In which of the following reactions, increases in the volume at constant temperature do not affect the
number of moles at equilibrium?
1
a) 2NH3 ⇌ N2 + 3H2 b) C(𝑠) + O2 (g) → CO(g)
2
c) H2 (g) + O2 (g) → H2 O2 (g) d) None of the above
359. Which one of the following is least likely to act as a Lewis base?
a) I + b) I c) SCl2 d) PCl3
360. An aqueous solution of ammonium acetate is:
a) Faintly acidic b) Fair acidic c) Faintly alkaline d) Almost neutral
361. The strongest Lewis base in the following is
a) CH3− b) F − c) NH2− d) OH −

P a g e | 27
362. For anionic hydrolysis, pH is given by
1 1 1 1 1 1
a) pH = p𝐾𝑤 − p𝐾𝑏 − log 𝐶 b) pH = p𝐾𝑤 + p𝐾𝑎 − p𝐾𝑏
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
c) pH = p𝐾𝑤 + p𝐾𝑎 + log 𝐶 d) pH = − (p𝐾𝑤 − p𝐾𝑎 − p𝐾𝑏 )
2 2 2 2
363. Which of the following is a conjugated acid-base pair?
a) HCl, NaOH b) NH4 Cl, NH4 OH c) H2 SO4 , HSO−
4 d) KCN, HCN
364. In the hydrolytic equilibrium,
A− + H2 O ⇌ H𝐴 + OH −
𝐾𝑎 = 1.0 × 10−5 . The degree of hydrolysis of 0.001 𝑀 solution of the salt is:
a) 10−3 b) 10−4 c) 10−5 d) 10−6
365. The equilibrium constant (𝐾𝑐 ) for the reaction, N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g) at room temperature 𝑇 is 4 ×
1 1
10−4 . The value of 𝐾𝑐 for NO(g) ⇌ 2 N2 (g) + 2 O2 (g) at the same 𝑇 is :
a) 0.02 b) 50 c) 4 × 10−4 d) 2.5 × 10−2
366. For the reaction,
CuSO4 ∙ 5H2 O(𝑠) ⇌ CuSO4 ∙ 3H2 O(𝑠) + 2H2 O(𝑣) which one is correct representation?
a) 𝐾 = (𝑃 )
2
b) 𝐾𝑐 = [H2 O]2 c) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)2 d) All of these
𝑝 H2 O
367. The correct order of increasing [H3 O+ ] in the following aqueous solutions is:
a) 0.01 𝑀 H2 S < 0.01 𝑀 H2 SO4 < 0.01 𝑀 NaCl < 0.01 𝑀 NaNO2
b) 0.01 𝑀 NaCl < 0.01 𝑀 NaNO2 < 0.01 𝑀 H2 S < 0.01 𝑀 H2 SO4
c) 0.01 𝑀 NaNO2 < 0.01 𝑀 NaCl < 0.01 𝑀 H2 S < 0.01 𝑀 H2 SO4
d) 0.01 𝑀 H2 S < 0.01 𝑀 NaNO2 < 0.01 𝑀 NaCl < 0.01 𝑀 H2 SO4
368. 𝐾𝐶 for 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶 + 𝐷 is 10 at 25C. If a container contains 1, 2, 3 and 4 mole per litre of 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷
respectively at 25C, the reaction shall:
a) Proceed from left to right
b) Proceed from right to left
c) Be at equilibrium
d) None of the above
369. The compound whose 0.1 M solution is basic is
a) Ammonium acetate b) Ammonium chloride
c) Ammonium sulphate d) Sodium acetate
370. Isoelectric point is defined as the pH at which:
a) An amino acid becomes acidic
b) An amino acid becomes basic
c) Zwitter ion has positive charge
d) Zwitter ion has zero charge
371. The equilibrium constant of a reaction is 300. If the volume of reaction flask is tripled, the
equilibrium constant is
a) 300 b) 600 c) 900 d) 100
372. The oxoacid of SO2 is:
a) H2 SO3 b) H2 SO4 c) H2 S2 O8 d) None of these
373. The solubility of CaF2 in pure water is 2.3 × 10−6 mol dm−3 . Its solubility product will be
a) 4.8 × 10−18 b) 48.66 × 10−18 c) 4.9 × 10−11 d) 48.66 × 10−15
374. pH value of which one of the following is not equal to one?
a) 0.1 M HNO3 b) 0.05 M H2 SO4
c) 0.1 M CH3 COOH d) 50 cm3 of 0.4 M HCl + 50 cm3 of 0.2 M NaOH
375. 50 mL of 2 𝑁 acetic mixed with 10 mL of 1𝑁 sodium acetate solution will have an approximate pH of
(𝐾𝑎 = 10−5 ):

P a g e | 28
 a) 4 b) 5 c) 6 d) 7
376. The solubility of AgCl in 0.2 M NaCl is
(𝐾𝑠𝑝 of AgCl = 1.8 × 10−10 )
a) 1.8 × 10−11 M b) 9 × 10−10 M c) 6.5 × 10−12 M d) 5.6 × 10−11 M
377. The dissociation of water at 25℃ is 1.9 × 10−7 percent and the density of water is 1.0 g/cm3 . The ionisation
constant of water is:
a) 3.42 × 10−6 b) 3.42 × 10−8 c) 1.00 × 10−14 d) 2.00 × 10−16
378. N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 + heat. What is the effect of the increase of temperature on the equilibrium of
the reaction?
a) Equilibrium is shifted to the left b) Equilibrium is shifted to the right
c) Equilibrium is unaltered d) Reaction rate does not change
379. The expression for the solubility product of Ag 2 CO3 will be
a) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 𝑠 2 b) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 4𝑠 3 c) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 27𝑠 4 d) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 𝑠
380. The solubility of AgCl in 0.2 M NaCl solution is
[𝐾𝑠𝑝 of AgCl 1.2 1010 ]
a) 6.0 10 10 M b) 0.2 M c) 1.2 10 10 M d) 0.2 10 10 M
381. Which of the following will not function as a buffer solution?
(i) NaCl and NaOH
(ii) NaOH and NH4 OH
(iii) CH3 COONH4 and HCl
(iv) Borax and boric acid
a) (i), (ii), (iii) b) (ii), (iii), (iv) c) (i), (iii), (iv) d) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
382. 𝐾𝑆𝑃 of salts 𝐴𝐵, 𝐴𝐵2 and 𝐴3 𝐵 are 4.0 × 10−8 , 3.2 × 10−14 and 2.7 × 10−15 respectively at temperature 𝑇.
The solubility order of these salts in water at temperature 𝑇(in mol litre−1) is:
a) AB > AB2 > A3 B b) A3 B > AB2 > AB c) AB2 > A3 B > AB d) AB > A3 B > AB2
383. Which does not act as Bronsted acid?
a) NH4+ b) CH3 COO− c) HCO− 3 d) HSO− 3
384. Which of the following solutions will have pH=9 at 298 K?
a) 1 × 10−9 M HCl solution b) 1 × 10−5 M NaOH solution
c) 1 × 10−9 M KOH solution d) Both (a) and (b)
385. Acidosis is diagnosed when blood pH:
a) Falls below 7.35 b) Rises above 7.45 c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these
386. Which statement is false? (Assume complete dissociation in each case)
a) If 2.0 L of a solution of H2 SO4 contains 0.1 mole, then pH of the solution is 2
b) The concentration of OH − in 0.005 M HNO3 is 2.0 × 10−12 mol/L
c) The pH of 0.01 M KOH is 12
d) In a 0.001 M solution of NaOH the concentration of H + is 10−3 mol/L
387. 10 mL of a solution contains 0.1 𝑀 NH4 Cl + 0.01 𝑀 NH4 OH. Which addition would not change the pH of the
solution?
a) Adding 1 mL water
b) Adding 5 mL of 0.1 𝑀 NH4 Cl
c) Adding 5 mL of 0.1 𝑀 NH4 OH
d) Adding10 mL of 0.1 𝑀 NH4 Cl
388. Arrhenius theory of acid-base is not valid for:
a) Aqueous solution
b) In presence of water
c) Non-aqueous solution
d) None of these
P a g e | 29
389. The solubility in water of a sparingly soluble salt 𝐴𝐵2 is 1 × 10−5 mol L−1 . Its solubility product
number will be
a) 4 × 10−15 b) 4 × 10−10 c) 1 × 10−15 d) 1 × 10−10
390. The equilibrium constant (𝐾𝑝 ) for the reaction, PCl5 (g) → PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) is 16. If the volume of the
container is reduced to one half its original volume, the value of 𝐾𝑝 for the reaction at the same
temperature will be
a) 8 b) 16 c) 32 d) 64
391. The indicators used in the titration of iodine against sodium thiosulphate is
a) Starch b) K 3 Fe(CN)6 c) K 2 CrO4 d) Potassium
392. For the reaction,
2HI(g) ⇌ H2 (g) + I2 (g) − Q kJ , the equilibrium constant depends upon
a) Temperature b) Pressure c) Catalyst d) Volume
393. In the dissociation of 2HI ⇌ H2 + I2 , the degree of dissociation will be influenced by the:
a) Addition of inert gas at constant volume
b) Addition of inert gas at constant pressure
c) Increase of temperature
d) Increase of pressure
394. If pressure increases then its effect on given equilibrium
2NO(g) ⇌ N2 (g) + O2 (g) is shift in
a) Forward direction b) Backward direction
c) No effect d) None of these
395. Which one of the molecular hydride acts as Lewis acid?
a) NH3 b) H2 O c) B2 H6 d) CH4
396. For the reversible reaction, N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)at 500℃, the value of 𝐾𝑝 is 1.44 × 10−5 when
partial pressure is measured in atmospheres. The corresponding value of 𝐾𝑐 with concentration in
mol L−1 , is
1.44 × 10−5 1.44 × 10−5 1.44 × 10−5 1.44 × 10−5
a) b) c) d)
(0.082 × 773)−2 (0.082 × 773)2 (8.314 × 773)−2 (0.082 × 500)−2
397. The compound that does not act as Lewis acid, is:
a) AlCl3 b) BF3 c) NH3 d) FeCl3
398. For the following reaction in gaseous phase
1
CO(g) + 2 O2 (g) ⟶ CO2 (g) 𝐾𝑝 ⁄𝐾𝑐 is
a) (𝑅𝑇)1⁄2 b) (𝑅𝑇)−1⁄2 c) (𝑅𝑇) d) (𝑅𝑇)−1
399. For the reaction H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g), the equilibrium constants expressed in terms of
concentrations 𝐾𝑐 and in terms of partial pressure 𝐾𝑝 , are related as
a) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)2 b) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)−2 c) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 d) 𝐾𝑐 = 𝐾𝑝 (𝑅𝑇)
400. In the titration of Na2 CO3 and HCl, the indicator used is
a) Methyl orange b) Methylene blue c) Phenolphthalein d) Litmus
401. HSO− − 2−
4 + OH → SO4 + H2 O
Which is correct about conjugate acid base pair?
a) HSO− 2−
4 is conjugate acid of base SO4 b) HSO− 2−
4 is conjugate base of base SO4
c) SO2−
4 is conjugate acid of acid HSO4
− d) None of the above
402. In the reaction, 𝐴2 (g) + 4𝐵2 (g) ⇌ 2𝐴𝐵4 (g), ∆𝐻 < 0, the formation of 𝐴𝐵4 will be favoured at
a) Low temperature, high pressure b) High temperature, low pressure
c) Low temperature, low pressure d) High temperature, high pressure
403. On applying pressure to the equilibrium,
ice ⇌ water
P a g e | 30
 Which phenomenon will happen?
a) More ice will be formed
b) More water will be formed
c) Equilibrium will not be disturbed
d) Water will evaporate
404. A saturated solution of Ag 2 SO4 is 2.5 × 10−2 M. The value of its solubility product is
a) 62.5 × 10−6 b) 6.25 × 10−4 c) 15.625 × 10−6 d) 3.125 × 10−6
405. Aqueous solutions of two acids having same concentrations of common ion (H + ) are called:
a) Isohydric solutions b) Isotonic solutions c) Isomeric solutions d) Hypotonic solutions
406. The hydrolysis constant of a salt of weak acid and weak base is inversely proportional to
a) Ionic product of water
b) Dissociation constant of both weak acid and weak base
c) Dissociation constant of weak acid
d) Dissociation constant of weak base
407. If in the reaction N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 , 𝑥 is that part of N2 O4 which dissociates, then the number of
molecules at equilibrium will be
a) 1 b) 3 c) 1 + 𝑥 d) (1 + 𝑥)2
408. The p𝐾𝑎 of a weak acid (H𝐴) is 4.5. The pOH of an aqueous buffered solution of H𝐴 in which 50%
of the acid ionised is
a) 4.5 b) 2.5 c) 9.5 d) 7.0
409. Number of H + ions present in 10 mL of a solution of pH = 3 is:
a) 1013 b) 6.02 × 1018 c) 6.02 × 1013 d) 6.02 × 1010
410. The pH of gastric juice is normally:
a) Greater than 1.5 and less than 1.2
b) Less than 1.5
c) Greater than 1 and less than 3
d) Less than 1 and greater than zero
411. With reference to protonic acids, the correct statement is:
a) PH3 is more basic than NH3
b) PH3 is less basic than NH3
c) PH3 is amphoteric while NH3 is basic
d) None of the above
412. In a 500 mL flask, the degree of dissociation of PCl5 at equilibrium is 40% and the initial amount
is 5 moles. The value of equilibrium constant in mol L−1 for the decomposition of PCl5 is
a) 2.33 b) 2.66 c) 5.32 d) 4.66
413. The unit of ionic product of water (𝐾𝑤 ) is:
a) mol−1 litre−1 b) mol−1 litre−2 c) mol−2 litre−1 d) mol2 litre−2
414. In a reversible reaction two substance are in equilibrium. If the concentration each one is
doubled, the equilibrium constant will be
a) Reduced to one fourth of its original value b) Reduced to half of its original value
c) Constant d) Doubled
415. Le-Chatelier principle is applicable only to a
a) System in equilibrium b) System not in equilibrium
c) Homogeneous reaction d) Heterogeneous reaction
416. The dissociation constant of a substituted benzoic acid at 25℃ is 1.0 × 10−4 . The pH of 0.01 M
solution of its sodium salt is
a) 3 b) 7 c) 8 d) 6

P a g e | 31
417. A mixture of sodium oxide and calcium oxide are dissolved in water and saturated with excess
carbon dioxide gas. The resulting solution is ….. .It contains
a) Basic; NaOH and Ca(OH)2 b) Neutral; Na2 CO3 and CaCO3
c) Basic; Na2 CO3 and CaCO3 d) Acidic; NaOH and CaCO3
418. Conjugate acid of HF2 is
−

a) H + b) HF c) F2− d) H2 F2
419. Consider the reaction, CH3COOH + C2H5OH ⇌ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O. One mole each of CH3COOH and C2H5OH
are heated in the presence of little concentrated H2SO4. On equilibrium:
a) 1 mole of ethyl acetate is formed
b) 2 mole of ethyl acetate are formed
c) 1/2 mole of ethyl acetate is formed
d) 2/3 mole of ethyl acetate is formed
420. 𝐾𝑏 for the hydrolysis reaction,
B + + H2 O ⇌ BOH + H + is 1.0 × 10−6 , the hydrolysis constant of the salt is:
a) 10−6 b) 10−7 c) 10−8 d) 10−9
421. The pH of a 0.001 M NaOH will be
a) 3 b) 2 c) 11 d) 12
422. In lime kiln, the reversible reaction. CaCO3 (s) ⇌ CaO(s) + CO2 (g) proceeds to completion because :
a) Of high temperature
b) CO2 escapes out
c) CaO is removed
d) Of low temperature
423. Solid Ba(NO3 )2 is gradually dissolved in a 1.0 × 10−4 M Na2 CO3 solution. At what concentration
of Ba2+ will a precipitate begin to form?
(𝐾𝑠𝑝 for BaCO3 = 5.1 × 10−9 )
a) 4.1 × 10−5 M b) 5.1 × 10−5 M c) 8.1 × 10−8 M d) 8.1 × 10−7 M
424. The solubility of AgCl is 0.0015 g/litre. The solubility product of AgCl will be:
a) 2 × 10−10 b) 1.1 × 10−10 c) 3.1 × 10−10 d) 4.1 × 10−10
425. Although CO is neutral but it shows acidic nature on reaction with high 𝑃 and 𝑇:
a) Ca(OH)2 b) NaOH c) Mg(OH)2 d) LiOH
426. The acidic character order for given oxy-acids of halogens is:
a) HOCl > HOBr > HOI b) HOI > HOBr > HOCl c) HOBr > HOCl > HOI d) HOI > HOCl > HOBr
427. The stronger Bronsted base is:
a) ClO− b) ClO−2 c) ClO−3 d) ClO−4
428. The indicator used in the titration of sodium carbonate with sulphuric acid is
a) Potassium ferrocyanide
b) Potassium ferricyanide
c) Methyl orange
d) Phenolphthalein
429. A cylinder fitted with a movable piston contains liquid water in equilibrium with water vapour at 25 0C.
Which operation result in a decrease in the equilibrium vapour pressure?
a) Moving the piston downward a short distance
b) Removing a small amount of vapour
c) Removing a small amount of the liquid water
d) Dissolving salt in the water
430. If acetic acid is mixed with sodium acetate then H + ion concentration will
a) Increase b) Decrease c) Remain unchanged d) pH decrease
431. The reverse process of neutralization is:
a) Hydrolysis b) Decomposition c) Dehydration d) Synthesis
P a g e | 32
432. The hydrogen ion concentration of a 10−8 𝑀 HCl aqueous solution at 298 K (𝐾𝑤 = 10−14 ) is:
a) 9.525 × 10−8 𝑀
b) 1.0 × 10−8 𝑀
c) 1.0 × 10−6 𝑀
d) 1.0525 × 10−7 𝑀
433. The number of ions formed when cuprammonium sulphate dissolves in water is:
a) One b) Two c) Four d) Zero
434. A reversible chemical reaction have two reactants in equilibrium. If the concentrations of the reactants are
doubled then the equilibrium constant will
a) Be halved b) Also be doubled c) Remains the same d) None of these
435. According to Arrhenius concept, base is a substance that:
a) Gives a pair of protons
b) Donates a proton
c) Accepts an electron pair
d) Gives OH − ions in aqueous solution
436. What is the effect of increasing pressure on the dissociation of PCl5 according to the equation?
PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)
a) Dissociation decreases b) Dissociation increases
c) Dissociation does not change d) None of the above
437. Which is Lewis acid?
a) BF3 b) NF3 c) Cl− d) H2 O
438. Which one of the following substances has the highest proton affinity?
a) H2 O b) H2 S c) NH3 d) CH3 COOH
439. The solubility product of a salt 𝐴𝐵2 is 4 × 10 at 373 K. The solubility of 𝐴𝐵2 in boiling water will be:
−9

a) 4 × 10−3 𝑀 b) 4 × 10−4 𝑀 c) 1 × 10−10 𝑀 d) 1 × 10−3 𝑀

440. Which pair will show common ion effect?
a) BaCl2 + Ba(NO3 )2 b) NaCl + HCl c) NH4 OH + NH4 Cl d) AgCN + KCN
441. In the case of gaseous homogeneous reaction, the concentrations of the reactants may be given by:
𝑃𝑉 𝑃 𝑛 𝑅𝑇
a) b) c) 𝑅𝑇 d)
𝑅𝑇 𝑅𝑇 𝑉 𝑃
442. 0.5 M ammonium benzoate is hydrolysed to 0.25 percent. Hence, its hydrolysis constant is
a) 2.5 × 10−5 b) 1.25 × 10−5 c) 3.125 × 10−6 d) 6.25 × 10−6
443. The 𝐾𝑠𝑝 of PbCO3 and MgCO3 are 1.5 × 10−15 and 1 × 10−15 respectively at 298 K. The concentration of
Pb2+ ions in a saturated solution containing MgCO3 and PbCO3 is:
a) 1.5 × 10−4 𝑀 b) 3 × 10−8 𝑀 c) 2 × 10−8 𝑀 d) 2.5 × 10−8 𝑀
444. The [H + ] ion concentration in 0.001 𝑀 acetic acid is 1.34 × 10−4 g ion/litre. The [H + ] ion concentration of
0.164g of CH3 COONa is added to a litre of 0.001 𝑀 CH3 COOH will be:
a) 9 × 10−6 b) 18 × 10−6 c) 4.5 × 10−6 d) 5 × 10−6
445. pH scale was introduced by
a) Arrhenius b) Sorensen c) Lewis d) Lowry
446. 28 g N2 and 6 g H2 were mixed. At equilibrium 17g NH3 was formed. The weight of N2 and H2 of equilibrium
are respectively :
a) 11 g, zero b) 1 g, 3 g c) 14 g, 3 g d) 11 g, 3 g
447. An equilibrium mixture of the reaction, 2H2 S(g) ⇌ 2H2 (g) + S2 (g) has 0.5 mole H2 S, 0.10 mole H2 and 0.4
mole S2 in 1 L vessel. The value of equilibrium constant (K) in mol L−1, is
a) 0.004 b) 0.008 c) 0.016 d) 0.032
448. 1 mole of N2 O4 (g) at 300 K is kept in a closed container under 1 atm. It is heated to 600 K when
20% by mass of N2 O4 (g) decomposes to NO2 (g). The resultant pressure is
a) 1.2 atm b) 2.4 atm c) 2.0 atm d) 1.0 atm
P a g e | 33
449. Equivalent amounts of H2 and I2 are heated in a closed vessel till equilibrium is obtained. If 80%
of the hydrogen can be converted to H, the 𝐾𝑐 at this temperature is
a) 64 b) 16 c) 0.25 d) 4
450. A litre of solution is saturated with AgCl. To this solution if 1.0 × 10 mole of solid NaCl is added,
−4

what will be the [Ag + ], assuming no volume change?

a) More b) Less c) Equal d) Zero
451. The vapour density of undecomposed N2 O4 is 46. When heated, vapour density decreases to 24.5 due to its
dissociation to NO2 . The per cent dissociation of N2 O4 at the final temperature is :
a) 87 b) 60 c) 40 d) 70
452. A precipitate of AgCl is formed when equal volumes of the following are mixed
[𝐾sp for AgCl = 10−10]
a) 10−4 M AgNO3 and 10−7 M HCl b) 10−5 M AgNO3 and 10−6 M HCl
c) 10−5 M AgNO3 and 10−4 M HCl d) 10−6 M AgNO3 and 10−6 M HCl
453. For the reaction
CO(g) + 0.5O2 (g) → CO2 (g) 𝐾𝑝 ⁄𝐾𝑐 is equal to
a) √𝑅𝑇 b)
1 c) 1 d) 𝑅𝑇 2
√𝑅𝑇
454. Central metal ion in a complex or a cation acts as:
a) Lewis base b) Lewis acid c) Bronsted acid d) Arrhenius acid
455. The degree of dissociation of CH3 COOH is influenced by:
a) HCl b) CH3 COONa c) NH4 OH d) Either of these
456. Solubility of Ca(OH)2 is a 𝑠 mol L . The solubility product (𝐾sp ) under the same condition is
−1

a) 4𝑠 3 b) 3𝑠 4 c) 4𝑠 2 d) 𝑠 3
457. Which one of the following substances has the highest proton affinity?
a) H2 O b) H2 S c) NH3 d) PH3
458. Which of the following is not a conjugate acid base pair?
3− 3−
a) HPO2−3 , PO3 b) H2 PO−4 , HPO4
2− c) H3 PO4 , H2 PO−
4 d) H2 PO−
4 , PO3
459. In an equilibrium reaction, if ∆𝐺° = 0 the equilibrium constant, 𝐾 should be equal to:
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 10
460. The gastric juice in our stomach contains enough hydrochloride acid to make the hydrogen ion
concentration about 0.01 mol/litre. The pH of the gastric juice is:
a) 0.01 b) 1 c) 2 d) 14
461. At 550 K, the 𝐾𝑐 for the following reaction is 10 mol L
4 −1

𝑋(g) + 𝑌(g) ⇌ 𝑍(g)

At equilibrium, it was observed that
1 1
[𝑋] = [𝑌] = [𝑍]
2 2
What is the value of [𝑍](in mol L−1 ) at equilibrium?
a) 2 × 10−4 b) 10−4 c) 2 × 104 d) 104
462. A vessel at 1000 K contains CO2 with a pressure of 0.5 atm. Some of the CO2 is converted into CO
on the addition of graphite. If the total pressure at equilibrium is 0.8 atm, the value of 𝐾𝑝 is
a) 1.8 atm b) 3 atm c) 0.3 atm d) 0.18 atm
463. Ammonium carbonate decomposes as
NH2 COONH4 (𝑠) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) + CO2 (g)
For the reaction, 𝐾𝑝 = 2.9 × 10−5 atm3. If we start with 1 mole of the compound, the total
pressure at equilibrium would be
a) 0.766 atm b) 0.0582 atm c) 0.0388 atm d) 0.0194 atm

P a g e | 34
464. The p𝐾𝑎 of a weak acid, HA, is 4.80. The p𝐾𝑏 of a weak base, 𝐵OH is 4.78. The pH of an aqueous
solution of the corresponding salt, 𝐵𝐴, will be
a) 9.58 b) 4.79 c) 7.01 d) 9.22
465. The species among the following , which can act as an acid and a base is
a) HSO−4 b) SO2−
4 c) H3 O+ d) Cl−
466. A monoprotic weak acid (HA) is ionised 5% in 0.1 M aqueous solution. What is the equilibrium
constant for its ionisation?
H𝐴(𝑎𝑞) + H2 O(𝑙) ⇌ H3 O+ (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐴− (𝑎𝑞)
a) 2.63 × 104 b) 2.63 × 103 c) 2.63 × 10−4 d) 2.63 × 10−3
467. Strongest acid is
a) C2 H6 b) CH3 OH c) HC ≡ HC d) C6 H6
468. Which of the following will have maximum pH?
M M M M
a) HCl b) HCl c) NaOH d) NaOH
10 100 10 100
469. The pH of 1.0 𝑀 aqueous solution of a weak acid H𝐴 is 6.0. Its dissociation constant is:
a) 10−6 b) 10−12 c) 1.0 d) 6.0
470. In which of the following, the reaction proceeds towards completion?
a) 𝐾 = 1 b) 𝐾 = 10 c) 𝐾 = 102 d) 𝐾 = 103
471. The mixed salt among the following is:
d) All of these
a) b) NaKSO4 c) CaOCl2

472. What volume of M⁄10 NaOH added in 50 mL, M⁄10 acetic acid solution to get a buffer solution
having highest buffer capacity?
a) 50 mL b) 25 mL c) 10 mL d) 40 mL
473. The pH value of an acid is 5 and its concentration is 1 M. What is the value of 𝐾𝑎 for the acid?
a) 10−7 b) 10−5 c) 10−10 d) 10−8
474. The pH of a neutral water sample is 6.5. Then the temperature of water
a) is 25℃ b) is more than 25℃
c) is less than 25℃ d) can be more or less than 25℃
475. The formation of phosgene is represented as, CO + Cl2 ⇌ COCl2. The reaction is carried out in 500 mL flask.
At equilibrium 0.3 mole of phosgene, 0.1 mole of CO and 0.1 mole of Cl2 are present. The equilibrium
constant of the reaction is:
a) 30 b) 15 c) 5 d) 3
476. In qualitative analysis, in order to detect second group basic redical, H2 S gas is passed in the
presence of dilute HCl to
a) Increase the dissociation of H2 S b) Decrease the dissociation of salt solution
c) Decrease the dissociation of H2 S d) Increase the dissociation of salt solution
477. For two acids 𝐴and 𝑝𝐾𝑎 = 1.2, and 2.8 respectively in value then which is true?
a) 𝐴 and 𝐵 both are equally acidic b) 𝐴 is stronger than 𝐵
c) 𝐵 is stronger than 𝐴 d) Neither 𝐴 nor 𝐵 is strong
478. The weakest base among the following is:
a) H − b) CH3− c) CH3 O− d) Cl−
479. The hydrogen ion concentration in mol/litre of a solution of pH = 0 is:
a) Zero b) 10−7 c) 1 𝑀 d) None of these
480. For which reaction is 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾 𝑐 ?
a) 2NOCl(g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + Cl2 (g)
b) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)

P a g e | 35
 c) H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) ⇌ 2HCl(g)
d) 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2SO3 (g)
481. For the reaction,
H2 (g) + CO2 (g) ⇌ CO(g) + H2 O(g), if the initial concentration of
[H2 ] = [CO2 ]and 𝑥 mol/L of hydrogen is consumed at equilibrium, the correct expression of 𝐾𝑝 is
𝑥2 (1 + 𝑥)2 𝑥2 𝑥2
a) b) c) d)
(1 − 𝑥)2 (1 − 𝑥)2 (2 + 𝑥)2 1 − 𝑥2
482. 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = [𝐴]3 [𝐵]2 for the salt where 𝐴 and 𝐵 are the cation and anion as the case may be stand true for:
a) Ca3 (PO4 )2 b) As2 S3 c) Bi2 S3 d) All are correct
483. The dissociation constant for acetic acid and HCN at 25℃ are 1.5 × 10−3 and 4.5 × 10−10 respectively. the
equilibrium constant for the equilibrium,
CN − + CH3 COOH ⇌ HCN + CH3 COO− would be:
a) 3.0 × 104 b) 3.0 × 105 c) 3.0 × 10−5 d) 3.0 × 10−4
484. The pH of the solution
M M
5 mL HCl + 10 mL of NaOH is
5 10
a) 5 b) 3 c) 7 d) 8
485. In the reaction, AlCl3 + Cl ⟶ [AlCl4 ] , AlCl3 acts as:
− −

a) Salt b) Lewis base c) Lewis acid d) Bronsted acid

486. A weak acid H𝑋 has dissociation constant 10 . The pH of 0.1 M solution of this acid will be
−5

a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
487. The 𝑝𝐾𝑎 of HCN is 9.30. The pH of a solution prepared by mixing 2.5 moles of KCN and 2.5 moles of KCN
and 2.5 moles of HCN in water and making up the total volume of 500 mL, is
a) 9.30 b) 7.30 c) 10.30 d) 8.30
488. 30 cc of HCl, 20 cc of
M M M
HNO and 40 cc of NaOH solutions are mixed and the volume was
3 2 3 4
3
made up to 1 dm . The pH of the resulting solution is
a) 8 b) 2 c) 1 d) 3
489. A solution contains 10 mL 0.1 N NaOH and 10 mL 0.05 N NH2 SO4 , pH of this solution is
a) Less than 7 b) 7
c) Zero d) Greater than 7
490. A reversible chemical reaction is having two reactants, in equilibrium. If the concentration of the
reactants are doubled then the equilibrium constant will
a) Bo doubled b) Become one fourth c) Be halved d) Remain the same
491. Conjugate bade of H2 PO4 is
−

a) H3 PO4 b) P2 O5 c) PO3−
4 d) HPO2−
4
492. The equilibrium constant for the reaction N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 is 𝐾 then the equilibrium constant for the
equilibrium,
1 3
NH3 ⇌ 2 N2 + 2 H2 is
1 1 1
a) b) √𝐾 c) 2 d)
𝐾 𝐾 √𝐾
493. An acid type indicator HIn differs in colour from its conjugate base (In− ). The human eye is sensitive to
colour differences only when the ratio [In− ]/[HIn] is greater than 10 or smaller than 0.1. What should be
the minimum change in the pH of the solution to observe a complete colour change (𝐾𝑎 = 1.0 × 10−5)?
a) 4 b) 2 c) 6 d) 1
494. Which is an example of Lewis acid?
a) HCl b) H2 SO4 c) SO2 d) HNO3

P a g e | 36
495. A student wants to prepare a saturated solution of Ag + ion. He has got three samples AgCl(𝐾𝑠𝑝 =
10−10 ), AgBr(𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 10−13 ) and Ag 2 CrO4 (𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 10−12 ). Which of the above compound will be used by him
using minimum weight to prepare the saturated solution?
a) AgCl b) AgBr c) Ag 2 CrO4 d) All of these
496. Acetic acid and propionic acid have 𝐾𝑎 values 1.75 × 10−5 and 1.3 × 10−5 respectively at a certain
temperature. An equimolar solution of a mixture of the two acids is partially neutralized by NaOH. How is
the ratio of the contents of acetate and propionate ions related to the 𝐾𝑎 values and the molarity?
𝛼 1.75 𝛽
a) (1−𝛼) = 1.3
× (1−𝛽) , 0 where 𝛼 and 𝛽 are ionised fractions of the acids
b) The ratio is unrelated to the 𝐾𝑎 values
c) The ratio is unrelated to the molarity
d) The ratio is unrelated to the pH of the solution
497. The equivalent conductance of 0.1 𝑁 acetic acid is 5 cm2 ohm−1 eq.−1 at 298 K while 𝜆∞ is
390 cm2 ohm−1 eq.−1 . The degree of dissociation of 0.1 𝑁 acetic acid will be:
a) 0.0013 b) 0.013 c) 0.13 d) 0.5
498. Raising the temperature of a reversible chemical reaction :
a) Favours the forward rate only
b) Favours the backward rate only
c) Favours both the forward and backward rates as the case may be
d) Favours neither the forward nor backward rates
499. Zn salt is mixed with (NH4 )2 S of molarity 0.021 𝑀. The amount of Zn2+ remains unprecipitated in 12 mL
of this solution (𝐾𝑠𝑝 of ZnS = 4.51 × 10−24 ) which is:
a) 1.677 × 10−22 g b) 1.767 × 10−22 g c) 2.01 × 10−23 g d) None of these
500. Pure ammonia is placed in a vessel at temperature where its dissociation constant (α) is appreciable. At
equilibrium,
a) 𝐾𝑝 does not change significantly with pressure
b) α does not change with pressure
c) Concentration of NH3 does not change with pressure
d) Concentration of H2 is less than that of N2
501. A chemical reaction 𝐴 ⇌ 𝐵 is said to be at equilibrium when:
a) Complete conversion of 𝐴 to 𝐵 has taken place
b) Conversion of 𝐴 to 𝐵 is only 50% complete
c) Only 10% conversion of 𝐴 to 𝐵 has taken place
d) The rate of transformation of 𝐴 and 𝐵 is just equal to the rate of transformation of 𝐵 to 𝐴 in the system
502. As the temperature increases, the pH of a KOH solution
a) Will decrease
b) Will increase
c) Remains constant
d) Depends upon the concentration of KOH solution
503. Tribasic acid furnishes…type of anions.
a) 2 b) 1 c) 3 d) 4
504. Which of the following pairs constitutes buffer?
a) HNO3 and NH4 NO3 b) HCl and KCl c) HNO2 and NaNO2 d) NaOH and NaCl
505. What will be the pH and % α respectively for the salt 𝐵𝐴 of 0.1 M concentration? Given, 𝐾𝑎 for H𝐴 = 10−6
and 𝐾𝑏 for 𝐵OH = 10−6
a) 7, 10% b) 5, 10% c) 5, 0.1% d) 7, 1%
506. The indicator used in titrating oxalic acid with caustic soda solution is:
a) Methyl orange b) Methyl red c) Fluorescein d) Phenolphthalein
507. The pH of a 0.02 𝑀 solution of hydrochloric acid is:
a) 2.0 b) 1.7 c) 0.3 d) 2.2
P a g e | 37
508. For the reaction, CO(g) + H2 O(g) ⇌ CO2 (g) + H2 (g), at a given temperature, the equilibrium amount of
CO2 (g) can be increased by
a) Increasing the amount of CO(g) b) Decreasing the volume of the container
c) Adding a suitable catalyst d) Adding an inert gas
509. Ag + + NH3 ⇌ [Ag(NH3 )]+ ; 𝐾1 = 3.5 × 10−3
[Ag(NH3 )]+ + NH3 ⇌ [Ag(NH3 )2 ]+ ;
𝐾2 = 1.7 × 10−3
Then the formation constant of [Ag(NH3 )2 ]+ is
a) 6.08 × 10−6 b) 6.08 × 106 c) 6.08 × 10−9 d) None of these
510. 1 mL of 0.1 𝑁 HCl is added to 999 mL solution of NaCl. The pH of the resulting solution will be:
a) 7 b) 4 c) 2 d) 1
511. The role of catalyst in reversible reaction is :
a) To increase the rate of forward reaction
b) Decrease the rate after equilibrium
c) Allow equilibrium to be achieved quickly
d) None of the above
512. Which one is correct representation for,
2SO3 ⇌ 2SO2 + O2 ?
2
(𝑝SO2 ) (𝑝O2 )
a) 𝐾𝑝 = 2
(𝑝SO3 )
[SO2 ]2 [O2 ]
b) 𝐾𝑐 =
[SO3 ]2
(mole of SO2 )2 × (mole of O2 ) 𝑃
c) 𝐾𝑝 = ×[ ]
(mole of SO3 )2 total mole at equilibrium
d) All of the above
513. The solubility of Ca3 (PO4 )2 in water is 𝑦 moles/litre. Its solubility product is
a) 6 𝑦 4 b) 36 𝑦 4 c) 64 𝑦 5 d) 108 𝑦 5
514. For the reaction N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g), the equilibrium constant is 𝐾1 , the equilibrium constant is 𝐾2 , for
the reaction 2NO(g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g). What is 𝐾. for the reaction NO2 (g) ⇌ 1/2N2 (g) + O2 (g) ?
1 1 1 1/2
1
a) b) c) d) ( )
(𝐾1 𝐾2 ) (2𝐾1 𝐾2 ) (4𝐾1 𝐾2 ) (𝐾1 𝐾2 )
515. The equilibrium constant for the reaction N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g) at temperature 𝑇is 4 × 10−4. The value
1 1
of 𝐾𝑐 for the reaction NO(g) ⇌ 2 N2 (g) + 2 O2 (g) at the same temperature is
a) 25 b) 50 c) 75 d) 100
516. If the value of 𝐾𝑐 for an equilibrium reaction is 10 , then the reaction is in
−4

a) Backward direction b) Forward direction

c) Equilibrium d) Reaction is not possible
517. 5 moles of 𝑋 are mixed with 3 moles of 𝑌. At equilibrium for the reaction, 𝑋 + 𝑌 ⇌ 𝑍, 2 moles of 𝑍 are
formed. The equilibrium constant for the reaction will be
2 1 3 1
a) b) c) d)
3 2 2 4
518. If in the reaction : N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 , 𝛼 is degree of dissociation of N2 O4 , then the number of molecules at
equilibrium will be:
a) 3 b) 1 c) (1 − 𝛼)2 d) (1 + 𝛼)
519. The hydroxide having the lowest value of 𝐾𝑠𝑝 at 25℃ is:
a) Mg(OH)2 b) Ca(OH)2 c) Ba(OH)2 d) Be(OH)2
520. The effect of increasing the pressure on the equilibrium 2𝐴 + 3𝐵 ⇌ 3𝐴 + 2𝐵 is
a) Forward reaction is favoured b) Backward reaction is favoured
P a g e | 38
 c) No effect d) None of the above
521. Conjugate base of hydrazoic acid is:
a) HN3− b) N3− c) N 3− d) N2−
522. A reaction is, 𝐴 + 𝐵 → 𝐶 + 𝐷. Initially we start with equal concentrations of 𝐴and 𝐵. At equilibrium, we
find the moles of 𝐶 are two times of 𝐴. What is the equilibrium constant of the reaction?
a) 2 b) 4 1 1
c) d)
2 4
523. Which of the following is the strongest conjugate base?
a) Cl− b) CH3 COO− c) SO2−
4 d) NO− 2
524. Consider the following equilibrium in a closed container
N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g)
At a fixed temperature, the volume of the reaction container is halved. For this change which of
the following statement holds true regarding the equilibrium constant (𝐾𝑝 ) and degree of
dissociation (α) ?
a) Neither 𝐾𝑝 nor α changes b) Both 𝐾𝑝 and α changes
c) 𝐾𝑝 changes but α does not d) 𝐾𝑝 does not change but α changes
525. If 𝐾𝑎 for a weak acid is 10−5 . p𝐾𝑏 value of its conjugate base is:
a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 9
526. According to law of mass action, for the reaction
2𝐴 + 𝐵 → Products
a) Rate = 𝑘[𝐴][𝐵] b) Rate = 𝑘[𝐴]2 [𝐵] c) Rate = 𝑘[𝐴][𝐵]2 d) Rate = 𝑘[𝐴]1/2 [𝐵]
527. The equilibrium constant for the reaction, 2X(g) + Y(g) ⇌ 2Z(g) is 2.25 litre mol-1. What would be the
concentration of 𝑌 at equilibrium with 2.0 mole of 𝑋 and 3.0 mole of 𝑍 in one litre vessel?
a) 1.0 M b) 2.25 M c) 2.0 M d) 4.0 M
528. 𝐴(g) + 𝐵(g) ⇌ 𝐴𝐵(g) is a reversible reaction. At equilibrium 0.4 mole of 𝐴𝐵 is formed when each 𝐴 and 𝐵
are taken one mole. How much of 𝐴 changes into 𝐴𝐵?
a) 20% b) 40% c) 60% d) 4%
529. A solute undergoes complex formation with ions of sparingly soluble salt, the solubility of salt:
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Is unaffected d) Either of these
530. The pH of the solution containing 0.1 𝑁 NaOH and 0.1𝑁 NH4 OH is:
a) 1 b) 7 c) 2 d) 13
531. Which buffer solution comprising of the following has its pH value greater than 7?
a) CH3 COOH + CH3 COONa b) HCOOH + HCOOK
c) CH3 COONH4 d) NH4 OH + NH4 Cl
532. Which of the following behaves as both Lewis and Bronsted base?
a) BF3 b) Cl− c) CO d) None of these
533. If solubility of calcium hydroxide is √3, then its solubility product will be
a) 27 b) 3 c) 9 d) 12√3
534. Pure water is kept in a vessel and it remains exposed to atmospheric CO2 which is absorbed. Then the pH
will be:
a) Greater than 7
b) Less than 7
c) 7
d) Depends on ionic product of water
535. The decomposition of N2 O4 to NO2 is carried out at 280 K in chloroform. When equilibrium has been
established, 0.2 mole of N2 O4 and 2 × 10−3 mole ofNO2 are present in 2 L solution. The equilibrium
constant for reaction N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 is
a) 1 × 10−2 b) 1 × 10−3 c) 1 × 10−4 d) 1 × 10−5

P a g e | 39
536. The most favourable condition for the manufacture of NH3 is
a) high temperature and high pressure b) low temperature and low pressure
c) high temperature and low pressure d) low temperature and high pressure
537. The value of 𝐾𝑝 for the following reaction 2H2 S(g) ⇌ 2H2 (g) + S2 (g), is 1.2 × 10−2 at 106.5℃. The value of
𝐾𝑐 for this reaction is
a) = 1.2 × 10−2 b) < 1.2 × 10−2 c) > 1.2 × 10−2 d) None of these
538. In hydrolysis of a salt of weak acid and strong base 𝐴 + H2 O ⇌ H𝐴 + OH , the hydrolysis constant (𝐾ℎ ) is
− −

equal to…
𝐾𝑤 𝐾𝑤 𝐾 𝐾𝑤
a) b) c) √ 𝑎 d)
𝐾𝑎 𝐾𝑏 𝐶 𝐾𝑎 × 𝐾𝑏
539. The pH of 7 × 10−8 𝑀 CH3 COOH is:
a) 8.1 b) 7.9 c) 7.1 d) 6.85
540. Water acts as an acid in presence of:
a) NH3 b) H2 SO4 c) C6 H6 d) HCl
541. Which statement is/are correct?
a) All Bronsted bases are also Lewis bases
b) All Bronsted acids are not Lewis acids
c) All cations are acids and all anions are bases
d) All of the above
542. Three moles of PCl5 , three moles of PCl3 and two moles of Cl2 are taken in a closed vessel. If at
equilibrium the vessel has 1.5 moles of PCl5 , the number of moles of PCl3 present in it is
a) 5 b) 3 c) 6 d) 4.5
543. Ice and water are in equilibrium at 273 K, which of the following statements is correct?
a) 𝐺(ice) > 𝐺(H2 O) b) 𝐺(ice) < 𝐺(H2 O) c) 𝐺(ice) = 𝐺(H2 O) = 0 d) 𝐺(ice) = 𝐺(H2 O) ≠ 0
544. For an equilibrium reaction involving gases, the forward reaction is 1st order while the reverse reaction is
2nd order. The units of 𝐾𝑃 for the forward equilibrium is:
a) atm b) atm2 c) atm−1 d) atm−2
545. A buffer solution has equal volumes of 0.2 M NH4 OH and 0.02 M NH4 Cl. The p𝐾𝑏 of the base is 5.
The pH is
a) 10 b) 9 c) 4 d) 7
546. Which of the following will supress the ionisation of acetic acid is aqueous solution?
a) NaCl b) HCl c) KCl d) Unpredictable
547. The Henderson’s equation used to calculate the pOH of basic buffer is:
[Conjugate acid]
a) pOH = p𝐾𝑏 + log
[Base]
[Conjugate acid]
b) pOH = p𝐾𝑏 − log
[Base]
[Base]
c) pOH = p𝐾𝑏 + log
[Conjugate acid]
[Base]
d) pOH = p𝐾𝑏 − log
[Conjugate acid]
548. Which of the following is the weakest acid?
a) HCl b) HF c) H2 SO4 d) HNO3
549. How many gram of NaOH must be present in one litre of the solution to give it a pH = 12?
a) 0.20 g litre−1 b) 0.4 g litre−1 c) 4.0 g litre−1 d) 0.10 g litre−1
550. Approximate pH of 0.10 𝑀 aqueous H2 S solution having 𝐾1 and 𝐾2 for H2 S at 25℃ 10−7 and 10−13
respectively, is:
a) 4 b) 5 c) 9 d) 8
P a g e | 40
551. An aqueous solution whose pH is zero will be called as
a) Acidic b) Basic c) Neutral d) Amphoteric
552. The concentration of KI and KCl in a certain solution containing both is 0.001 M each. If 20 mL of
this solution is added to 20 mL of a saturated solution of AgI in water. What will happen?
(𝐾sp AgCl = 10−10 , 𝐾sp AgI = 10−16 )
a) AgI will be precipitated b) AgCl will be precipitated
c) There will be no precipitate d) Both AgCl and AgI will be precipitated
553. The equilibrium reaction that is not influenced by volume change at constant temperature is
a) H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g) b) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)
c) N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g) d) 2NO(g) + O2 ⇌ 2NO2 (g)
554. Group IA metals react violently with water to produce … nature in solution.
a) Acidic b) Basic c) Amphoteric d) Neutral
555. 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 𝐶 + 𝐷. If initially the concentration of 𝐴 and 𝐵 are both equal but at equilibrium,
concentration of 𝐷 will be twice of that of 𝐴, then what will be the equilibrium constant of
reaction?
a)
4
b)
9
c)
1 d) 4
9 4 9
556. The phenomenon of interaction of anions and cations furnished by a electrolyte with the H + and OH − ions
of water to produce acidic nature or alkalinity is known as hydrolysis. In hydrolysis:
a) The pH may either increase or decrease
b) All the salts (except those made up with strong acid and base) undergo hydrolysis
c) The variation of pH depends upon the nature of salts as well as on the temperature
d) All of the above
557. 𝐴2 (g) + 𝐵2 (g) ⇌ 2𝐴𝐵(g), ∆𝐻 = −ve
The reaction
a) Remains unaffected by pressure b) Occurs at 1000 atm pressure
c) Occurs at high temperature d) Occurs at high pressure and high temperature
558. 20 mL of 0.5 N HCl and 35 mL of 0.1 N NaOH are mixed. The resulting solution will
a) Be neutral b) Be basic
c) Turn phenolphthalein solution pink d) Turn methyl orange red
559. A solution which is 10 M each in Mn , Fe , Zn and Hg 2+ is treated with 10−16 M sulphide
−3 2+ 2+ 2+

ion. If 𝐾sp of MnS, FeS, ZnS and HgS are 10−15 ,

10−23 , 10−20 and 10−54 respectively, which one will
precipitate first?
a) FeS b) MgS c) HgS d) ZnS
560. Ostwald’s dilution law is applicable for
a) Weak electrolyte b) Strong electrolyte
c) Both weak and strong electrolyte d) Non-electrolyte
561. The equilibrium PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) shows that 𝐾𝑝 is 24.63 times the value of 𝐾𝑐 at a particular
temperature 𝑇. Then 𝑇(in K) is:
a) 200 b) 100 c) 300 d) 400
562. At 90℃, pure water has [H ] = 10 M, if 100 mL of 0.2 M HCl is added to 200 mL of 0.1 M KOH at 90℃
+ −6

then pH of the resulting solution will be

a) 7 b) 8 c) 4 d) 6
563. In a reaction, the rate of reactions is proportional to its active mass. This statement is known as
a) Law of mass-action b) Le-Chatelier principle
c) Faraday law of electrolysis d) Law of constant proportion
564. The values of 𝐾𝑝1 and 𝐾𝑝2 for the reactions
P a g e | 41
 𝑋 ⇌𝑌+𝑍 ..(1)
and 𝐴 ⇌ 2𝐵 ..(2)
are in the ration 9 : 1. If degree of dissociation of 𝑋 and 𝐴 be equal, then total pressure at equilibrium (1)
and (2) are in the ratio :
a) 1 : 9 b) 36 : 1 c) 1 : 1 d) 3 : 1
565. Which of the following is not a characteristic property of chemical equilibrium?
a) Rate of forward reaction is equal to rate of backward reaction at equilibrium
b) After reaching the chemical equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products remain
unchanged with time
For 𝐴(g) ⇌ 𝐵(g), 𝐾𝑐 is 10−2. If this reaction is carried out in the presence of catalyst, the value
c)
of 𝐾𝑐 decreases
d) After reaching the equilibrium, both forward and backward reactions continue to take place
566. Which molecule is an electron donor?
a) NH3 b) BF3 c) PF5 d) AsF5
567. The correct expression for the solubility product of Ca3 (PO4 )2 is
a) 108 𝑠 5 b) 27 𝑠 5 c) 16 𝑠 4 d) 81 𝑠 4
568. pH of solution can be expressed as
a) − log 𝑒 [H + ] b) − log10[H + ] c) log 𝑒 [H + ] d) log10[H + ]
569. Which aqueous solution will have pH less than 7?
a) KNO3 b) NaOH c) NaCN d) FeCl3
570. If the salts 𝑀2 𝑋, 𝑄𝑌2 and 𝑃𝑍3 have the same solubilities, 𝐾𝑠𝑝 values are related as:
a) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 (𝑀2 𝑋) = 𝐾𝑠𝑝 (𝑄𝑌2 ) < 𝐾𝑠𝑝 (𝑃𝑍3 )
b) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 (𝑀2 𝑋) > 𝐾𝑠𝑝 (𝑄𝑌2 ) = 𝐾𝑠𝑝 (𝑃𝑍3 )
c) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 (𝑀2 𝑋) = 𝐾𝑠𝑝 (𝑄𝑌2 ) = 𝐾𝑠𝑝 (𝑃𝑍3 )
d) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 (𝑀2 𝑋) > 𝐾𝑠𝑝 (𝑄𝑌2 ) > 𝐾𝑠𝑝 (𝑃𝑍3 )
571. The pH values of 0.1 M solution of HCl, CH3 COOH, NH4 Cl and CH3 COONa will have the order
a) HCl < 𝐶H3 COOH < 𝑁H4 Cl < 𝐶H3 COONa b) CH3 COONa < NH4 Cl < CH3 COOH < 𝐻𝐶𝑙
c) NH4 Cl < CH3 COONa < CH3 COOH < 𝐻𝐶𝑙 d) All will have same of pH value
572. When rain is accompanied by a thunderstorm the collected rain water will have a pH value:
a) Uninfluenced by occurrence of thunderstorm
b) Depending on the amount of dust in air
c) Slightly lower than that of rain water without thunderstorm
d) Slightly higher than that when the thunderstorm is not there
573. Ammonia gas dissolves in water to form NH4 OH. In this reaction water acts as
a) A conjugate base b) A non-polar solvent c) An acid d) A base
574. pH scale was introduced by
a) Arrhenius b) Sorensen c) Lewis d) Lowry
575. Given : [Ag(NH3 )2 ] ⇌ Ag(NH3 ) + NH3 ; 𝐾1 = 1.4 × 10
+ + 0 −4

Ag(NH3 )+ ⇌ Ag + + NH3 ; K 02 = 4.3 x 10−4

The instability constant of the complex Ag (NH3 )+ 2 is equal to :
a) 7.14 × 10 3 b) 2.33 × 10 3 c) 6.02 × 10−8 d) 1.66 × 107
576. An aqueous solution contains Ni , Co and Pb ions at equal concentrations. The solubility
2+ 2+ 2+

product of NiS, PbS and CoS in water at 25℃ are 1.4 × 10−24 , 3.4 × 10−28 and 3 × 10−26 ,
respectively. Indicate which of these ions will be precipitated first and last when sulphide
concentration is progressively increased from zero?
a) NiS and PbS b) NiS and CoS c) CoS and NiS d) PbS and NiS
577. 10 M NaOH is diluted 100 times. The pH of the diluted base is
−6

P a g e | 42
 a) Between 7 and 8 b) Between 5 and 6 c) Between 6 and 7 d) Between 10 and 11
578. An acid with molecular formula C7 H6 O3 forms three types of sodium salts, 𝑖. 𝑒. , C7 H5 O3 Na, C7 H4 O3 Na2 and
C7 H3 O3 Na3 . The basicity of the acid is:
a) One b) Two c) Three d) Four
579. If the concentration of CrO4 ion in a saturated solution of silver chromate be 2 × 10−4 𝑀, solubility
2−

product of silver chromate will be:

a) 4 × 10−8 b) 8 × 10−12 c) 32 × 10−12 d) 6 × 10−12
580. What would be the effect on addition of CaCO3 on the equilibrium of CaCO3 (𝑠) ⇌ CaO(𝑠) + CO2 (g) in a
closed container:
a) conc. of CO2 increases
b) conc. of CO2 decreases
c) Remains unaffected
d) Cannot be predicted
581. In a chemical equilibrium, the rate constant of the backward reaction is 7.5 × 10−4 and the equilibrium
constant is 1.5. So, the rate constant of the forward reaction is
a) 1.125 × 10−3 b) 2.225 × 10−3 c) 3.335 × 10−5 d) 1.125 × 10−1
582. 0.1 𝑀 acetic acid solution is titrated against 0.1 𝑀 NaOH solution. What would be the difference in pH
between 1/4 and 3/4 stages of neutralization of acid?
a) 2 log 3/4 b) 2 log 1/4 c) log 1/3 d) 2 log 3
583. For a concentrated solution of a weak electrolyte 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑦 of concentration ‘𝐶’, the degree of
dissociation ′α′ is given as
a) α = √𝐾eq ⁄𝐶(𝑥 + 𝑦) b) α = √𝐾eq 𝐶 ⁄(𝑥𝑦)

c) α = (𝐾eq ⁄𝐶 𝑥+𝑦−1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 )1⁄(𝑥+𝑦) d) 𝛼 = (𝐾eq ⁄𝐶𝑥𝑦)

584. The values of dissociation constant of some acids (at 25℃) are given below. The strongest acid in water is:
a) 1.4 × 10−2 b) 1.6 × 10−4 c) 4.4 × 10−10 d) 4.3 × 10−7
585. In a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate the ratio of concentration of the salt to the acid is
increased ten times. Then, the pH of the solution
a) Increases by one b) Decreases by one c) Decreases ten fold d) Increased ten fold
586. Which of the following salts is most soluble?
a) Bi2 S3 (𝐾sp = 1 × 10−17 ) b) MnS(𝐾sp = 7 × 10−16 )
c) CuS(𝐾sp = 8 × 10−37 ) d) Ag 2 S(𝐾sp = 6 × 10−51 )
587. van′ t Hoff′s equation giving the effect of temperature on chemical equilibrium is represented as:
𝑑 In 𝐹 ∆𝐻 𝑑 In 𝐾𝑝 ∆𝐻𝑇 2 𝑑 In 𝐾𝑝 ∆𝐻 𝑑 In 𝐾𝑝 𝑅𝑇 2
a) = b) = c) = d) =
𝑑𝑇 𝑅𝑇 2 𝑑𝑇 𝑅 𝑑𝑇 𝑅𝑇 2 𝑑𝑇 ∆𝐻
588. Hydrogen and oxygen were heated together in a closed vessel. The equilibrium constant is found to decrease
after 2000℃. Which is responsible for this?
a) Backward reaction predominates
b) Forward reaction predominates
c) Both forward and backward reactions have same rate
d) It is a property of the system, hence no reason for lower value
589. The dissociation constant of HCN is 1.3 × 10−9 . The value of hydrolysis constant of KCN will be:
a) 1.3 × 10−9 b) 10−14 c) 7.7 × 10−5 d) 0.77 × 10−5
590. Solubility product of silver bromide is 5.0 1013 . The quantity of potassium bromide (molar mass
taken as 120 g mol1 ) to be added to 1 L of 0.05 M solution of silver nitrate to start the
precipitation of AgBr is
a) 1.2 10 10 g b) 1.2 10 9 g c) 6.2 10 5 g d) 5.0 10 8 g
591. In the thermal decomposition of potassium chlorate given as 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2 , law of mass action
P a g e | 43
 a) Can be applied
b) Cannot be applied
c) Can be applied at low temperature
d) Can be applied at high temperature and pressure
592. The solubility product of a sparingly soluble salt 𝐴𝐵 at room temperature is 1.21 × 10−6. Its molar
solubility is
a) 1.21 × 10−6 b) 1.21 × 10−3 c) 1.1 × 10−4 d) 1.1 × 10−3
593. What is the correct representation for the solubility product of SnS2?
a) [Sn2+ ][S2− ]2 b) [Sn4+ ][S2− ]2 c) [Sn2+ ][2S2− ] d) [Sn4+ ][2S2− ]2
594. Which of the following p𝐾𝑎 values, represent the strongest acid?
a) 10−4 b) 10−8 c) 10−5 d) 10−2
595. An electrolyte
a) Gives complex ions in solution b) Dissolves in water to give ions
c) Is ionised in the solid state d) Generates ions on passing electric current
596. The strongest base among the following is:
a) CH3− b) F − c) NH2− d) OH −
597. Given the reaction between 2 gases represented by 𝐴2 and 𝐵2 to give the compound 𝐴𝐵(g) .
𝐴2(g) + 𝐵2(g) ⇌ 2𝐴𝐵(g)
At equilibrium, the concentration
of 𝐴2 = 3.0 × 10−3 M
of 𝐵2 = 4.2 × 10−3 M
of 𝐴𝐵 = 2.8 × 10−3 M
If the reaction takes place in a sealed vessel at 527C, then the value of 𝐾𝑐 will be :
a) 2.0 b) 1.9 c) 0.62 d) 4.5
598. For the reaction, 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶 + 𝐷, the initial concentration of 𝐴 and 𝐵 are equal, but the equilibrium
concentration of 𝐶 is twice that of equilibrium concentration of𝐴. The equilibrium constant is :
a) 4 b) 9 c) 1/4 d) 1/9
599. For the reaction,
PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) ⇌ PCl5 (g) the position of equilibrium can be shifted to the right by
a) Doubling the volume
b) Increasing the temperature
c) Addition of equimolar quantities of PCl3 and PCl5
d) Addition of Cl2 at constant volume
600. The solubility of AgCl (𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 1.2 × 10−10 ) in a 0.10 𝑀 NaCl solution is:
a) 0.1 𝑀 b) 1.2 × 10−6 𝑀 c) 1.2 × 10−9 𝑀 d) 1.2 × 10−10 𝑀
601. The following equilibrium exists in aqueous solution CH3 COOH ⇌ H + + CH3 COO− . If dilute HCl is added to
this solution:
a) The equilibrium constant will increase
b) The equilibrium constant will decrease
c) Acetate ion concentration will increase
d) Acetate ion concentration will decrease
602. What is the solubility product of CaF2 , if its saturated solution contains 0.017 g of CaF2 per litre?
a) 1.44 × 10−4 b) 4.14 × 10−11 c) 4.14 × 10−18 d) 41.4 × 10−24
603. Which of the following will occur if a 0.1 M solution of weak acid is diluted to 0.01 M at constant
temperature?
a) pH will increase b) 𝐾𝑎 will decrease
c) [H ] will decrease to 0.01 M
+
d) % ionisation will increase

P a g e | 44
604. Passing H2 S gas into a mixture of Mn2 , Ni2 , Cu2 and Hg 2 ions in an acidified aqueous solution
precipitates
a) CuS and HgS b) MnS and CuS c) MnS and NiS d) NiS and HgS
605. The pH of an aqueous solution of CH3 COONa of concentration 𝐶(M) is given by
1 1 1 1 1
a) 7 − 𝑝𝐾𝑎 − log 𝐶 b) 𝑝𝐾𝑤 + 𝑝𝐾𝑏 + log 𝐶
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
c) 𝑝𝐾𝑤 − 𝑝𝐾𝑏 − log 𝐶 d) 𝑝𝐾𝑤 + 𝑝𝐾𝑎 + log 𝐶
2 2 2 2 2 2
606. The concentration of [H + ] and concentration of [OH − ] of a 0.1 𝑀 aqueous solution of 2% ionised weak acid
is:
[ionic product of water = 1 × 10−14]
a) 0.02 × 10−3 𝑀 and 5 × 10−11 𝑀
b) 1 × 10−3 𝑀 and 3 × 10−11 𝑀
c) 2 × 10−3 𝑀 and 5 × 10−12 𝑀
d) 3 × 10−2 𝑀 and 4 × 10−13 𝑀
607. For a weak acid p𝐾𝑎 is 4.8. What will be the ratio of concentration of acid and salt in pH 5.8
solution?
a) 10 b) 3 c) 9 d) 0.1
608. Two system PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) and COCl2 (g) ⇌ CO(g) + Cl2 (g)are simultaneously in equilibrium
in a vessel at constant volume. If some CO is introduced into the vessel then at the new equilibrium the
concentration of :
a) PCl5 is greater
b) PCl3 remains unchanged
c) PCl5 is less
d) Cl2 is greater
609. The solubility product of Ag 2 CrO4 in water at 298 K is 3.2 × 10−11 . What will be the concentration
of CrO2−
4 ions in the saturated solution of Ag 2 CrO4 ?
a) 2 × 10−4 M b) 5.7 × 10−5 M c) 5.7 × 10−6 M d) 3.2 × 10−11 M
610. Sulphide ions in alkaline solution react with solid sulphur to form polyvalent sulphide ions. The equilibrium
constant for the formation of S22− and S32− from S and S 2− ions are 1.7 and 5.3 respectively. Equilibrium
constant for the formation of S32− from S22− and S is:
a) 1.33 b) 3.11 c) 4.21 d) 1.63
611. The pH of water is 7 at 25℃. If water is heated to 50℃, which of the following should be true?
a) pH will decrease
b) pH will increase
c) pH will remain seven
d) [H + ] will increase but [OH − ] will decrease
612. The conjugate acid of NH2− is
a) N2 H4 b) NH4+ c) NH2 OH d) NH3
613. pH of a solution of the mixture of 0.1 𝑁 HCl and 0.1 𝑁 CH3 COOH is:
a) 1 b) 2 c) 1.7 d) None of these
614. A buffer solution is prepared by mixing 10 mL of 1.0 𝑀 acetic and 20 mL of 0.5 𝑀 sodium acetate and then
diluted to 100 mL with distilled water. If the p𝐾𝑎 of CH3 COOH is 4.76, what is the pH of the buffer solution
prepared?
a) 5.21 b) 4.76 c) 4.34 d) 5.21
615. CH3 COOH(𝑙) + C2 H5 OH(𝑙) ⇌ CH3 COOC2 H5 (𝑙) + H2 O(𝑙)
In the above reaction, one mole of each of acetic acid and alcohol are heated in the presence of little
conc.H2 SO4. On equilibrium being attained
a) 1 mole of ethyl acetate is formed b) 2 mole of ethyl acetate is formed

P a g e | 45
 2 1
c) 3mole of ethyl acetate is formed d) 2 mole of ethyl acetate is formed
616. When the pH of a solution is 2, the hydrogen ion concentration is:
a) 1 × 10−14 𝑀 b) 1 × 10−2 𝑀 c) 1 × 10−7 𝑀 d) 1 × 10−12 𝑀
617. On adding 𝐴 to the reaction at equilibrium, 𝐴𝐵(𝑠) ⇌ 𝐴(g) + 𝐵(g), the new equilibrium concentration of 𝐴
becomes double, the equilibrium concentration of 𝐵 would become :
a) 1/2 of its original value
b) 1/4 of its original value
c) 1/8 of its original value
d) Twice of its original value
618. The change in pressure will not affect the equilibrium constant for
a) N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 b) PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2 c) H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI d) All of these
619. Equilibrium concentration of HI, I2 and H2 is 0.7, 0.1 and 0.1𝑀 respectively. The equilibrium constant for
the reaction, I2 + H2 ⇌ 2HI is :
a) 0.36 b) 36 c) 49 d) 0.49
620. The dissociation constant of acetic acid 𝐾𝑎 is 1.74 × 10 at 298 K. The pH of a solution of 0.1 M
−5

acetic acid is
a) 2.88 b) 3.6 c) 4.0 d) 1.0
621. What is the effect of increasing pressure on the dissociation of PCl5 according to the equation
PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) − 𝑥 cal?
a) Dissociation decreases b) Dissociation increases
c) Dissociation does not change d) None of the above
622. The ionic product of water at 60℃ is 9.61 × 10 . The pH of water at 60℃ is:
−14

a) 6.51 b) 6.70 c) 9.61 d) 7.0

623. For the reaction equilibrium, N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g), the concentration of N2 O4 and NO2 at equilibrium are
4.8 × 10−2 and 1.2 × 10−2 mol/L respectively. The value of 𝐾𝑐 for the reaction is
a) 3 × 10−3 mol/L b) 3.3 × 10−3 mol/L c) 3 × 10−1 mol/L d) 3.3 × 10−1 mol/L
624. If first dissociation of 𝑋(OH)3 is 100% where as second dissociation is 50% and third dissociation is
negligible then the pH of 4 × 10−3 M 𝑋(OH)3 is
a) 7.5 b) 9.54 c) 11.78 d) 13.25
625. The equilibrium constant for the reaction, 3C2 H2 ⇌ C6 H6 𝑖𝑠 4.0 at 𝑇 𝐾. If the equilibrium concentration of
C2 H2 is 0.5 mol/litre, the concentration of C6 H6 is :
a) 0.5 M b) 1.5 M c) 5 x 10-2 M d) 0.25 M
626. For the reaction, CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + 2H2O(𝑙),
∆r𝐻 = - 170.8 kJ mol-1
Which of the following statements is not true?
a) Addition of CH4(g) or O2 (g) at equilibrium will cause a shift to the right
b) The reaction is exothermic
c) At equilibrium, the concentrations of CO2 (g) and H2O(𝑙) are not equal
[ CO2 ]
d) The equilibrium constant for the reaction is given by 𝐾𝑝 = [CH
4 ] [O2 ]
627. The law of mass action was enunciated by
a) Graham b) Bodestein c) Rutherford d) Guldberg and Waage
628. The correct statement about buffer solution is:
a) It contains a weak acid and its conjugate base
b) It contains a weak base and its conjugate acid
c) It shows little change in pH on adding small amount of an acid or base
d) All of the above
629. Which reaction has ∆𝑛 = 2?
a) CaCO3 (𝑠) ⇌ CaO(𝑠) + CO2 (𝑔)

P a g e | 46
 b) 3Fe(𝑠) + 4H2 O(g) ⇌ Fe3 O4 (𝑠) + 4H2 (g)
c) NH4 Cl(g) ⇌ NH3 (g) + HCl(g)
d) CuSO4 ∙ 5H2 O(𝑠) ⇌ CuSO4 ∙ 3H2 O(𝑠) + 2H2 O(g)
630. In the reaction, N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 , α is that part of N2 O4 which dissociates, then the number of moles at
equilibrium will be
a) 1 b) 3 c) (1 + α) d) (1 − α)2
631. Decreasing acid strengths of HI, HBr, HCl and HF is:
a) HF > HCl > HBr > HI
b) HI > HBr > HCl > HF
c) HI > HCl > HBr > HF
d) HI > HF > HCl > HBr
632. A monoprotic acid in 0.1 𝑀 solution has 𝐾𝑎 = 1.0 × 10−5 . The degree of dissociation acid is:
a) 1.0% b) 99.9% c) 0.1% d) 99%
633. In what manner will increase of pressure affect the following equation?
C(𝑠) + H2 O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + H2 O(g)
a) Shift in the reverse direction b) Shift in the forward direction
c) Increase in the yield of hydrogen d) No effect
634. Which one of the following pair shows buffer’s solution?
a) NaCl + NaOH b) CH3 COONa + CH3 COOH
c) CH3 COOH + CH3 COONH4 d) H2 SO4 + CuSO4
635. A buffer solution is prepared in which the concentration of NH3 is 0.30 𝑀 and the concentration of NH4+ is
0.20 𝑀. If the equilibrium constant, 𝐾𝑏 for NH3 equals 1.8 × 10−5 what is the pH of this solution?
(log 2.7 = 0.43)
a) 8.73 b) 9.08 c) 9.43 d) 11.72
636. The degree of ionisation of a compound depends
a) Size of solute molecules b) Nature of solute molecules
c) Nature of vessel used d) Quantity of electricity passed
637. Amongst the following, the total number of compounds whose aqueous solution turns red litmus
paper blue is
KCN K 2 SO4 (NH4 )2 C2 O4 NaCl
Zn(NO3 )2 FeCl3 K 2 CO3 NH4 NO3
LiCN
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
638. The aqueous solution of a salt is alkaline. This shows that salt is made from:
a) A strong acid and strong base
b) A strong acid and weak base
c) A weak acid and weak base
d) A weak acid and strong base
639. Which of the following solutions cannot act as a buffer?
a) NaH2 PO4 + H3 PO4 b) CH3 COOH + CH3 COONa
c) HCl + NH4 Cl d) H3 PO4 + Na2 HPO4
640. The relation for calculating pH of a solution containing weak acid and its salt is:
[Conjugate base]
a) pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log
[Acid]
[Conjugate base]
b) pH = p𝐾𝑎 − log
[Acid]
[Conjugate base]
c) pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log
[Salt]

P a g e | 47
 [Acid]
d) pOH = p𝐾𝑎 − log
[Conjugate base]
641. The pH of a 0.01 𝑀 solution of acetic acid having degree of dissociation 12.5% is:
a) 4.509 b) 3.723 c) 2.903 d) 5.623
642. Which one is more acidic in aqueous solution?
a) NiCl2 b) FeCl3 c) AlCl3 d) BeCl2
643. In any chemical reaction, equilibrium is supposed to be establish when
a) Mutual opposite reactions undergo
b) Velocity of mutual reactions become equal
c) Concentration of reactants and resulting products are equal
d) The temperature of mutual opposite reactions become equal
644. Of the following which change will shift the reaction towards the product?
I2 (g) ⇌ 2I(g), ∆𝐻°𝑟 (298 K) = +150 kJ
a) Increase in temperature b) Increase in total pressure
c) Increase in concentration of I d) Decrease in concentration of I2
645. Electrophiles are:
a) Lewis acids b) Lewis bases c) Bronsted acids d) Bronsted bases
646. Buffer solutions have constant acidity and alkalinity because:
a) They have large excess of H + or OH − ions
b) They have fixed value of pH
c) These give unionised acid or base on reaction with added acid or alkali
d) Acids and alkalies in these solutions are shielded from attack by other ions
647. A precipitate of AgCl is formed when equal volumes of the following are mixed [𝐾sp for AgCl = 10−10 ]
a) 10−4 M AgNO3 and 10−7 M HCl b) 10−5 M AgNO3 and 10−6 M HCl
c) 10−5 M AgNO3 and 10−4 M HCl d) 10−6 M AgNO3 and 10−6 M HCl
648. When different types of salts have nearly same solubility product constant 𝐾𝑠𝑝 but less than one the most
soluble salt is that:
a) Which produces maximum number of ions
b) Which produces minimum number of ions
c) Which produces more charge on ion
d) None of the above
649. In a flask, colourless N2 O4 is in equilibrium with brown coloured NO2 . At equilibrium, when the flask is
heated at 100C the brown colour deepens and on cooling it becomes less coloured. The change in
enthalpy ∆𝐻, for the system is :
a) Negative b) Positive c) Zero d) Undefined
650. 56 g of nitrogen and 8 g of hydrogen gas heated in a closed vessel. At equilibrium, 34 g of ammonia are
present. The equilibrium number of moles of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia are, respectively
a) 1, 1, 2 b) 1, 2, 2 c) 2, 1, 1 d) 2, 2, 1
651. Calculate pOH of 0.001 M NH4 OH, when it is 1 % dissociated in the solution
a) 5 b) 2.96 c) 9.04 d) 11.4
652. On addition of an inert gas at constant volume to the reaction, N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 at equilibrium:
a) The reaction halts
b) Forward reaction is favoured
c) The reaction remains unaffected
d) Backward reaction is favoured
653. The reaction quotient (𝑄) for the reaction is given by:
[NH3 ]2
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 ; 𝑄 =
[N2 ][H2 ]3
The reaction will proceed from right to left if:

P a g e | 48
 a) 𝑄 = 0 b) 𝑄 = 𝐾𝑐 c) 𝑄 < 𝐾𝑐 d) 𝑄 > 𝐾𝑐
654. Sulphuric acid is a dibasic acid. Hence, it forms:
a) Acidic salt
b) Basic and acidic salt
c) Acidic and normal salt
d) Double salt
655. Solubility of AgCl at 20℃ is 1.435 × 10−3 g⁄L . The solubility product of AgCl is
a) 1 × 10−5 b) 1 × 10−10 c) 1.435 × 10−5 d) 108 × 10−3
656. Le-Chatelier′s principle is not applicable to:
a) Fe(𝑠) + S(𝑠) ⇌ FeS(𝑠)
b) H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
c) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)
d) N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g)
657. 4 moles each of SO2 and O2 gases are allowed to react to form SO3 in a closed vessel. At
equilibrium 25% of O2 is used up. The total number of moles of all the gases at equilibrium is
a) 6.5 b) 7.0 c) 8.0 d) 2.0
658. The pH of a 0.005 𝑀 aqueous solution of sulphuric acid is approximately:
a) 0.005 b) 2 c) 1 d) 0.01
659. When ammonium chloride is added to ammonia solution, the pH of the resulting solution will be
a) Increased b) Seven c) Decreased d) Unchanged
660. The pH at which an acid indicator with 𝐾𝑎 = 1 × 10 changes colour when the indicator concentration is
−5

1 × 10−3 𝑀, is:
a) 4 b) 5 c) 6 d) 3
661. The equilibrium, 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2SO3 (g) shifts forward if:
a) A catalyst is used
b) An absorbent is used to remove SO3 as soon as it is formed
c) Small amounts of reactants are used
d) None of the above
662. 56 g of nitrogen and 8 g of hydrogen gas are heated in a closed vessel. At equilibrium 34 g of
ammonia are present. The equilibrium number of moles of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia are
respectively
a) 1, 2, 2 b) 2, 2, 1 c) 1, 1, 2 d) 2, 1, 2
663. A white substance having alkaline nature in solution is
a) NaNO3 b) NH4 Cl c) Na2 CO3 d) Fe2 O3
664. Which of the following is not a buffer solution?
a) 100 mL 0.1 M CH3 COOH + 50 mL 0.1 M CH3 COONa
b) 100 mL 0.1 M CH3 COOH + 50 mL 0.1 M NaOH
c) 50 mL 0.1 M CH3 COOH + 100 mL 0.1 M NaOH
d) 100 mL 0.1 M NH4 OH + 50 mL 0.1 M HCl
665. For the reaction, C(𝑠) + CO2 (g) ⇌ 2CO(g), the partial pressure of CO2 and CO are 4 and 8 atm respectively,
𝐾𝑝 for the reaction is :
a) 16 atm b) 2 atm c) 5 atm d) 4 atm
666. For the reaction, H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI, the equilibrium concetratio of H2 , I2 and HI are 8.0, 3.0 and 28.0 mol/L
respectively. The equilibrium constant of the reaction is
a) 32.66 b) 34.33 c) 22.44 d) 11.22
667. The solubility product of Ag 2 CrO4is 32 × 10 . What is the concentration of CrO−
−12
4 ions in that solution?
a) 2 × 10 M
−4 b) 16 × 10 M−4 c) 8 × 10 M
−4 d) 8 × 10−8 M
668. The equilibrium constant for the reaction,

P a g e | 49
 2NO2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + O2 (g) is 2 × 10−6 at 185℃.
Then the equilibrium constant for the reaction,
4NO(g) + 2O2 (g) ⇌ 4NO2 (g) at the same temperature would be
a) 2.5 × 10−5 b) 4 × 10−12 c) 2.5 × 1011 d) 2 × 106
669. At 25℃, the solubility product of Mg(OH)2 is 1.0 10 11 . At which pH, will Mg 2 ions start
precipitating in the form of Mg(OH)2 from a solution of 0.001 M Mg 2 ions?
a) 9 b) 10 c) 11 d) 8
670. Precipitation just takes place when the product of concentration of ions:
a) Equals their solubility product
b) Exceeds their solubility product
c) Is less than their solubility product
d) Is negligible
671. The suitable indicator for the titration of strong acid and weak base is
a) Methyl orange b) Methyl red c) Phenol red d) Phenolphthalein
672. Tetramine copper (II) sulphate is an example of:
a) Simple salt b) Double salt c) Complex salt d) Normal salt
673. The self ionisation constant for pure formic acid, 𝐾 = [HCOOH2+ ][HCOO− ] has been estimated as 10−6 at
1.22 g/cm3 . The percentage of formic acid molecules in pure formic acid converted to formate ion is:
a) 0.002% b) 0.004% c) 0.006% d) 0.008%
674. The pH of blood is maintained by CO2 and H2 CO3 in the body and chemical constituents of blood. This
phenomenon is called:
a) Colloidal b) Buffer action c) Acidity d) Salt balance
675. Weak electrolytes are only partly dissociated in solutions. The extent to which they are dissociated in a given
solution is known as the ‘Degree of dissociation’. Which of the following statements for this degree of
dissociation in aqueous solution is true?
a) It is inversely proportional to the square root of initial concentration of the electrolyte
b) It is directly proportional to the initial concentration of the electrolyte
c) It is independent of the initial concentration of the electrolyte
d) It depends on the equilibrium concentration of the electrolyte
676. At a certain temperature, the dissociation constants of formic acid and acetic acid are 1.8 ×
10−4 and 1.8 × 10−5 respectively. The concentration of acetic acid solution in which the hydrogen
ion has the same concentration as in 0.001 M formic acid solution is equal to
a) 0.01 M b) 0.001 M c) 0.1 M d) 0.0001 M
677. Partial pressure of O2 in the reaction
2Ag 2 O(𝑠) ⇌ 4Ag(𝑠) + O2 (g) is
a) 𝐾𝑝 b) √𝐾𝑝 c) 3√𝐾𝑝 d) 2𝐾𝑝
678. The solubility product of a salt having general formula 𝑀𝑋2 , in water is 4 × 10−12 . The
concentration of 𝑀2+ ions in the aqueous solution of the salt is
a) 4.0 × 10−10 M b) 1.6 × 10−4 M c) 1.0 × 10−4 M d) 2.0 × 10−6 M
679. In a lime kiln, to get higher yield of CO2 , the measure that can be taken is
a) To remove CaO b) To add more CaCO3
c) To maintain high temperature d) To pump out CO2
680. Which of the following is a Bronsted acid as well as Bronsted base:
a) Na2 CO3 b) H2 O c) NH3 d) BF3
681. The rate constant for forward reaction and backward reaction of hydrolysis of ester are 1.1 × 10−2 and
1.5 × 10−3 per minute respectively. Equilibrium constant for the reaction is
CH3 COOC2 H5 + H2 O ⇌ CH3 COOH + C2 H5 OH
a) 33.7 b) 7.33 c) 5.33 d) 33.3
P a g e | 50
682. Which acid is involved in digestion process?
a) HF b) HCl c) HBr d) HI
683. For NH4 HS(𝑠) ⇌ NH3 (g) + H2 S(g), the observed pressure for reaction mixture in equilibrium is 1.12 atm at
106C. The value of 𝐾𝑝 for the reaction is :
a) 3.136 atm2 b) 0.3136 atm2 c) 31.36 atm2 d) 6.98 atm2
684. A solution of NaCl in contact with atmosphere has a pH of about:
a) 3.2 b) 5.4 c) 7.0 d) 14
685. Amines behave as
a) Lewis acid b) Lewis base c) Aprotic acid d) Neutral compound
686. The two Bronsted bases in the reaction are
HC2 O− 3− 2−
4 + PO4 ⟶ HPO4 + C2 O4 :
2−

a) HC2 O−4 and PO4

2− b) HPO3− 3−
4 and C2 O4 c) PO3−4 and C2 O4
2−
d) HC2 O−4 and HPO4
2−

687. 1 M NaCl and 1 M HCl are present in an aqueous solution. The solution is
a) Not a buffer solution with pH < 7 b) Not a buffer solution with pH > 7
c) A buffer solution with pH < 7 d) A buffer solution with pH > 7
688. The use of methyl orange as an indicator in the volumetric determination of the equivalent weight of a weak
acid would lead to:
a) A low value for the equivalent weight
b) A high value for the equivalent weight
c) No error in the value
d) Improved accuracy
689. Arrange NH4+ , H2 O, H3 O+ , HF and OH − in increasing order of acidic nature
a) H3 O+ < NH4+ < HF < OH − < H2 O b) NH4+ < HF < H3 O+ < H2 O < OH −
c) OH − < H2 O < NH4+ < HF < H3 O+ d) H3 O+ > HF > H2 O > NH4+ > OH −
690. Which of the following is a Lewis base?
a) CH4 b) C2 H5 OH c) Acetone d) Secondary
691. An aqueous solution of sodium carbonate is alkaline because sodium carbonate is a salt of
a) Weak acid and weak base b) Strong acid and weak base
c) Weak acid and strong base d) Strong acid and strong base
692. Which of the following is least likely to behave as Lewis acid?
a) OH − b) H2 O c) NH3 d) BF3
693. Which statement is false in case of equilibrium state?
a) There is no apparent change in properties with time
b) It is dynamic in nature
c) It can be attained from either side of the reaction
d) It can be attained from the side of the reactants only
694. The active mass of 45 g of KCl in a 3 L flask would be
a) 0.20 b) 2.0 c) 3 d) 4
695. A litre of solution is saturated with AgCl.To this solution if 1.0 × 10 mole of solid NaCl is added, what
−4

will be the [Ag + ] assuming no volume change?

a) More b) Less c) Equal d) Zero
696. 9.2g N2 O4 is heated in a 1L vessel till equilibrium state is established
N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g)
In equilibrium state 50% N2 O4 was dissociated, Equilibrium constant will be (mol. wt. of N2 O4 =
92)
a) 0.1 b) 0.4 c) 0.3 d) 0.2
697. At 3000 K, the equilibrium partial pressure of CO2 , CO and O2 are 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 atm
respectively. 𝐾𝑝 for the reaction, 2CO2 ⇌ 2CO + O2 is

P a g e | 51
 a) 0.088 b) 0.0533 c) 0.133 d) 0.177
698. Aqueous solution of sodium cyanide is
a) Acidic b) Amphoteric c) Basic d) Neutral
699. A mixture of N2 and H2 in the mole ratio 1:3 is allowed to attain equilibrium when 50% of mixture has
reacted. If 𝑃 is the equilibrium pressure, then partial pressure of NH3 formed is:
a) 𝑃/6 b) 𝑃/2 c) 𝑃/3 d) 𝑃/4
700. CH3 COOH is weaker acid than H2 SO4 . It is due to
a) More ionisation b) Less ionisation c) Covalent bond d) Electrovalent bond
701. Equal volume of three acid solutions of pH 3,4 and 5 are mixed in a vessel. What will be the H + ion
concentration in the mixture?
a) 3.7 × 10−4 M b) 3.7 × 10−3 M c) 1.11 × 10−3 M d) 1.11 × 10−4 M
702. The ionisation of strong electrolytes in acetic acid, compared to in water, is
a) Weak, low b) Strong, more
c) Medium, the same d) No ionisation, 100%
703. A saturated solution of CaF2 is 2 × 10−4 mol/L. Its solubility product constant is
a) 2.6 × 10−9 b) 4 × 10−8 c) 4 × 10−12 d) 3.2 × 10−11
704. The vapour density of PCl5 is 104.16, but when heated at 230℃. Its vapour density is reduced to 62. The
percentage of dissociation of PCl5 at this temperature will be
a) 6.8% b) 68% c) 46% d) 64%
705. Which is not amphoteric?
a) HSO−4 b) HCO− 3 c) H2 PO−4 d) HCOO−
706. An amount of solid NH4 HS is placed in a flask already containing ammonia gas at a certain
temperature and 0.50 atm pressure. Ammonium hydrogen sulphide decomposes to yield
NH3 and H2 S gases in the flask. When the decomposition reaction reaches equilibrium the total
pressure in the flask rises to 0.84 atm? The equilibrium constant for NH4 HS decomposition at this
temperature is
a) 0.11 b) 0.17 c) 0.18 d) 0.30
707. The correct order of acetic strength is:
a) Cl2 O7 > SO2 > P4 O10
b) CO2 > N2 O5 > SO3
c) Na2 O > MgO > Al2 O3
d) K 2 O > CaO > MgO
708. The equilibrium constant 𝐾𝑝 for the reaction,
H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g) is
a) More than one b) Less than one c) Equal to 𝐾𝑐 d) Zero
709. Which of the following is least soluble?
a) MnS(𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 7 × 10−16 )
b) FeS(𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 7 × 10−19 )
c) PtS(𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 8 × 10−73 )
d) NiS(𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 3 × 10−12 )
710. The best explanation for the solubility of MnS in dil. HCl is that:
a) Solubility product of MnCl2 is less than that of MnS
b) Concentration of Mn2+ is lowered by the formation of complex ions with chloride ions
c) Concentration of sulphide ions is lowered by oxidation to free sulphur
d) Concentration of sulphide ions is lowered by formation of the weak acid H2 S
711. If the pOH of a solution is 6.0, then pH is:
a) 6 b) 8 c) 10 d) 14
712. If the pH of a solution is 2, its normality will be:
P a g e | 52
 a) 2 𝑁 b) 0.5 𝑁 c) 0.01 𝑁 d) None of these
713. The pH of solution, whose hydrogen ion concentration is one mole per litre, will be:
a) 1.0 b) 0.1 c) Zero d) 1.5
714. Consider the reaction equilibrium
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2SO3 (g), ∆𝐻° = −198 kJ
On the basis of Le-Chatelier’s principle, the condition favourable for the forward reaction is
a) Lowering of temperature as well as pressure
b) Lowering the temperature and increasing the pressure
c) Increasing the temperature and pressure
d) Any value of temperature and pressure
715. NH4 Cl is acidic because
a) On hydrolysis NH4 Cl gives weak base NH4 OH and strong acid HCl
b) Nitrogen donates a pair of electrons
c) It is a salt of weak acid and strong base
d) On hydrolysis NH4 Cl gives strong base and weak acid
716. In a buffer solution consisting of a weak acid and its conjugate base, the ratio of concentration of conjugate
base to acid is increased tenfold; then the pH of the solution will:
a) Increase by one b) Increase tenfold c) Decrease by one d) Decrease tenfold
717. The solubility in water of a sparingly soluble salt 𝐴𝐵2 is 1.0 × 10 mol/litre. Its solubility product is:
−5

a) 1 × 10−15 b) 1 × 10−10 c) 4 × 10−15 d) 4 × 10−10

718. If ClO3 is chlorate ion, then HClO3 is:
−

a) Hydrochloride acid b) Chlorous acid c) Chloric acid d) Chlorate acid

719. Which of the following is not a Lewis base?
a) H2 O b) Ag + c) NH3 d) OH −
720. For a system in equilibrium, ∆𝐺 = 0, under conditions of constant
a) Temperature and pressure b) Energy and volume
c) Temperature and volume d) Pressure and volume
721. In 100 mL of an aqueous HCl of pH 1.0, 900 mL of distilled water is added, the pH of the resultant solution
becomes:
a) 1.0 b) 2.0 c) 4.0 d) 7.0
722. 20 mL of a 0.1 𝑁 HCl is mixed with 20 mL of a 0.1 𝑁 KOH solution. The pH of the solution would be:
a) Zero b) 7 c) 2 d) 9
723. In a system : 𝐴(𝑠) ⇌ 2B(g) + 3C(g). If the concentration of 𝐶 at equilibrium is increased by a factor 2, it will
cause the equilibrium concentration of 𝐵 to change to:
a) Two times of its original value
b) One half of its original value
c) 2√2 times of its original value
1
d) 2√2 times of its original value
724. The Bronsted acid which gives the weakest conjugate base is:
a) HF b) H2 S c) H2 O d) HCl
725. How much sodium acetate should be added to 0.1 M solution of CH3 COOH to give a solution of pH =
5.5 (p𝐾𝑎 of CH3 COOH = 4.5)?
a) 0.1 M b) 0.01 M c) 1.0 M d) 10.0 M
726. Which solution has pH equal to 10?
a) 10−4 M KOH b) 10−10 M KOH c) 10−10 M HCl d) 10−4 M HCl
727. A saturated solution prepared by dissolved CaF2 (𝑠) in water, has [Ca2+ ] = 3.3 × 10−4 M. What is the 𝐾sp of
CaF2 ?
a) 1.44 × 10−10 b) 2.24 × 10−8 c) 1.58 × 10−8 d) 1.67 × 10−8

P a g e | 53
728. When 1.0 mL of dil. HCl acid is added to 100 mL of a buffer solution of pH 4.0, the pH of the solution:
a) Becomes 7 b) Does not change c) Becomes 2 d) Becomes 10
729. The pH of blood is:
a) Less than 6
b) Greater than 7 and less than 8
c) Greater than 8 and less than 9
d) Greater than 10
730. The unit of equilibrium constant, 𝐾 for the reaction, 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶, would be
a) mol L−1 b) mol L c) L mol−1 d) Dimensionless
731. Which statement is correct?
a) An acid and its conjugate base react to form salt and water
b) The acid H2 O is its own conjugate base
c) The conjugate base of a weak acid is a strong base
d) The conjugate base of a strong acid is strong base
732. From separate solutions of four sodium salts Na𝑊, Na𝑋, Na𝑌 and Na𝑍 had pH 7.0, 9.0, 10.0 and 11.0
respectively. When each solution was 0.1 𝑀, the strongest acid is:
a) 𝐻𝑊
b) 𝐻𝑋
c) 𝐻𝑌
d) 𝐻𝑍
733. Which information can be obtained from Le-Chatelier’s principle?
a) Shift in equilibrium position on changing 𝑃, 𝑇 and concentration
b) Dissociation constant of a weak acid
c) Energy change in a reaction
d) Equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction
734. The solubility product of Hg 2 I2 is equal to:
a) [Hg 2+ −
2 ][I ] b) [Hg 2+ ][I − ] c) [Hg 2+ − 2
2 ][I ] d) [Hg 2+ ]2 [I − ]2
735. The pH of a solution formed by mixing 40 mL of 0.10 𝑀 HCl and 10 mL of 0.45 𝑀 NaOH is:
a) 5 b) 8 c) 12 d) 10
736. The correct relationship between 𝐾 c and 𝐾 p in gaseous equilibrium is :
a) 𝐾 c = 𝐾p (RT)∆n
b) 𝐾 p = 𝐾c (RT)∆n
𝐾𝑐
c) 𝑅𝑇
= (𝐾p) ∆n
𝐾
d) 𝑅𝑇𝑃 =(𝐾c) ∆n
737. In a mixture of CH3 COOH and CH3 COONa, the ratio of salt to acid concentration is increased by ten folds.
The pH of the solution will increase by:
a) Zero b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
738. NaOH(𝑎𝑞), HCl(𝑎𝑞)andNaCl(𝑎𝑞) concentration of each is 10 M. Their pH will be respectively
−3

a) 10, 6, 2 b) 11, 3, 7 c) 10, 2, 6 d) 3, 4, 7

739. At 25C, the equilibrium 𝐾1 , 𝐾2 and 𝐾3 of three reactions are :
N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 ; 𝐾1
N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO; 𝐾2
1
H2 + O2 ⇌ H2 O; 𝐾3
2
The equilibrium constants for the oxidation of NH3 by oxygen to give NO is :
a) 𝐾32 /𝐾1 b) 𝐾22 𝐾3 /𝐾1 c) 𝐾1 𝐾2 /𝐾3 d) 𝐾2 𝐾33 /𝐾1
740. Which of the following is the strongest base?
a) C2 H5− b) C2 H5 COO− c) C2 H5 O− d) H2 PO4
741. The equilibrium constant, 𝐾 for the reaction

P a g e | 54
 2HI(g) ⇌ H2 (g) + I2 (g)
At room temperature is 2.85 and that at 698 K, it is 1.4 × 10−2. This implies that
a) HI is resonance stabilised b) HI is exothermic compound
c) HI is stable at room temperature d) HI is less stable than H2 and I2
742. If the solubility product of BaSO4 is 1.5 × 10−10 in water. Its solubility, in moles per litre, is
a) 1.5 × 10−9 b) 3.9 × 10−5 c) 7.5 × 10−5 d) 1.5 × 10−5
743. Soda water has a pH value:
a) Less than 7 b) More than 7 c) 7 d) Greater than 14
744. According to Le-Chatelier’s principle, if heat is given to solid-liquid system, then
a) Quantity of solid will reduce b) Quantity of liquid will reduce
c) Temperature will increase d) Temperature will decrease
745. The salt that does not hydrolyse, is:
a) SnCl2 b) FeCl3 c) SnCl4 d) CaCl2
746. An acid-base indicator has 𝐾𝑎 = 3.0 × 10 . The acid form of the indicator is red and the basic form is
−5

blue. The [H + ] required to change the indicator from 75% red to 75% blue is:
a) 8 × 10−5 𝑀 b) 9 × 10−5 𝑀 c) 1 × 10−5 𝑀 d) 3 × 10−4 𝑀
747. When ammonium chloride is added to a solution of ammonium hydroxide,
a) Dissociation of NH4 OH increases b) Concentration of OH − increases
c) Concentration of NH4+ and OH − increases d) Concentration of NH4+ decreases
748. The pH of an aqueous solution having hydroxide ion concentration as 1 × 10−5 is
a) 5 b) 9 c) 4.5 d) 11
749. In the manufacture of NH3 by Haber’s process, the condition which would give maximum yield is
N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 + 𝑄 kcal
a) Low temperature and high pressure
b) Low temperature, low pressure and low concentration of H2
c) High temperature, low pressure and low concentration
d) High temperature, high pressure and high concentration
750. In water, the acid HClO4 , HCl, H2 SO4 and HNO3 exhibit the same strength as they are completely ionised in
water (a base). This is called … of the solvent water.
a) Strength b) Capacity c) Buffer effect d) Levelling effect
751. Which of the following solutions will have pH close to 1.0?
M M M M
a) 100 mL of HCl + 100 mL of NaOH b) 55 mL of HCl + 45 mL of NaOH
10 10 10 10
M M M M
c) 10 mL of HCl + 90 mL of NaOH d) 75 mL of HCl + 25 mL of NaOH
10 10 5 5
752. For the reaction N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g); ∆𝐻 = −93.6 kJ mol−1 , the concentration of NH3 at
equilibrium can be increased by
(I) lowering the temperature
(II)low pressure
(III)excess of N2
(IV)excess of H2
a) (II) and (IV) are correct b) (II) only is correct
c) (I), (II) and (III) are correct d) (III) and (IV) are correct
753. Some salts although containing two different metallic elements give test for only one of them in solution.
Such salts are:
a) Double salts b) Normal salts c) Complex salts d) None of these
754. Which statement is correct?
a) NH4 OH is a strong base
b) CH3 COONa given acidic solution in water

P a g e | 55
 c) CH3 COOH is a weak acid
d) NH4 Cl gives alkaline solution in water
755. Which one of the following species acts as both Bronsted acid and base?
a) H2 PO− 2 b) HPO2− 3 c) HPO2− 4 d) All of these
756. Which one is the strongest base?
a) OH − b) 𝑅𝑂− c) NH2− d) 𝑅 −
757. To a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate a further amount of sodium acetate is added. The pH of the
mixture:
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains unchanged d) Not predictable
758. Ionisation constant of CH3 COOH is 1.7 × 10 and [H ] ions is 3.4 × 10 . Then, initial concentration of
−5 + −4

CH3 COOH molecules is

a) 6.8 × 10−3 b) 2.5 × 10−4 c) 3.5 × 10−3 d) 4.5 × 10−3
759. 0.023 g of sodium metal is reached with 100 cm3 of water. The pH of the resulting solution is
a) 10 b) 11 c) 9 d) 12
760. For the reaction, N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 in a vessel, after the addition of equal number of mole of N2 and H2 ,
equilibrium state is formed. Which of the following is correct?
a) [H2 ] = [N2 ] b) [H2 ] < [N2 ] c) [H2 ] > [N2 ] d) [H2 ] > [NH3 ]
761. 1.1 mole of 𝐴 are mixed with 2.2 mole of 𝐵 and the mixture is then kept in one litre flask till the equilibrium
is attained 𝐴 + 2𝐵 ⇌ 2𝐶 + 𝐷. At the equilibrium 0.2 mole of 𝐶 are formed. The equilibrium constant of the
reaction is :
a) 0.001 b) 0.002 c) 0.003 d) 0.004
762. 50% neutralization of a solution of formic acid (𝐾𝑎 = 2 × 10 ) with NaOH would result in a solution
−4

having a hydrogen ion concentration of:

a) 2 × 10−4 b) 3.7 c) 2.7 d) 1.85
763. pH of K 2 S solution is:
a) > 7 b) < 7 c) 7 d) Zero
764. If pressure is applied to the following equilibrium, Liquid ⇌ Vapour. The boiling point of the liquid:
a) Will decrease b) Will increase c) May not change d) Will not change
765. The extent of ionisation increases
a) With the increase in concentration b) On addition of excess water to the solution
c) On decreasing the temperature of solution d) On stirring the solution vigorously
766. Which one of the following salts will produce an alkaline solution while dissolving in water?
a) NH4 Cl b) Na2 CO3 c) NaNO3 d) Na2 SO4
767. Which addition would not change the pH of 10 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid?
a) 20 mL of the same dilute hydrochloric acid
b) 5 mL of pure water
c) 20 mL of pure water
d) 10 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid
768. Which does not contribute significantly to acid rains?
a) SO3 b) NO2 c) CO2 d) CO
769. Given that the equilibrium constant for the reaction
2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g)
has a value of 278 at a particular temperature. What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the following
reaction at the same temperature?
1
SO3(g) ⇌ SO2(g) + O2(g)
2
a) 1.8 × 10−3 b) 3.6 × 10−3 c) 6.0 × 10−2 d) 1.3 × 10−5
770. The equilibrium constant for the reaction, HONO + CN ⟶ HCN + ONO is 1 × 10−14 . The magnitude of
− −

the equilibrium constant suggests that:

a) CN − is stronger base than ONO−
P a g e | 56
 b) HCN is stronger acid than HONO
c) ONO− is the conjugate base of HONO
d) The conjugate acid of CN − is HCN
771. A buffer solution contains 0.1 mole of sodium acetate dissolved in 1000 cm3 of 0.1 M acetic acid.
To the above buffer solution, 0.1 mole of sodium acetate is further added and dissolved. The pH of
the resulting buffer is
a) p𝐾a b) p𝐾a + 2 c) p𝐾a − log 2 d) p𝐾a + log 2
772. Some chemists at ISRO wished to prepare a saturated solution of a silver compound and they
wanted it to have the highest concentration of silver ion possible. Which of the following
compounds, would they use?
𝐾sp (AgCl) = 1.8 × 10−10
𝐾sp (AgBr) = 5.0 × 10−13
𝐾sp (Ag 2 CrO4 ) = 2.4 × 10−12
a) AgCl b) AgBr c) Ag 2 CrO4 d) None of these
773. Ostwald’s dilution law is applicable in the case of the solution of:
a) CH3 COOH b) NaCl c) NaOH d) H2 SO4
774. H2 S is passed into one dm of a solution containing 0.1 mole of Zn and 0.01 mole of Cu2 till the
3 3

sulphide ion concentration reaches 8.1 1010 moles. Which one of the following statements is
true?
[𝐾sp of Zn and CuS are 3 1022 and 8 1036
respectively]
Both d) No precipitation
a) Only ZnS precipitates b) c) Only CuS precipitates
CuS and ZnS precipitates occurs
775. The degree of dissociation of 0.1 M HCN solution is 0.01% its ionisation constant would be
a) 10−3 b) 10−5 c) 10−7 d) 10−9
776. Solubility of a gas in liquid increases on:
a) Addition of a catalyst
b) Increasing the pressure
c) Decreasing the pressure
d) Increasing the temperature
777. In chemical reaction, 𝐴 ⇌ 𝐵, the system will be known in equilibrium when
a) 50% of 𝐴 changes to 𝐵
b) 𝐴 completely changes to 𝐵
c) Only 10% of 𝐴 changes to 𝐵
d) The rate of change of 𝐴 to 𝐵 and 𝐵 to 𝐴 on both the sides are same
778. For a polyprotic acid say H3 PO4 , its three dissociation constant 𝐾1 , 𝐾2 and 𝐾3 are in the order:
a) 𝐾1 < 𝐾2 < 𝐾3 b) 𝐾1 > 𝐾2 > 𝐾3 c) 𝐾1 = 𝐾2 = 𝐾3 d) 𝐾1 = 𝐾2 > 𝐾3
779. The reaction, 𝐴 + 2𝐵 ⇌ 2𝐶 + 𝐷 was studied using an initial concentration of 𝐵 which was 1.5 times that of
𝐴. But the equilibrium concentration of 𝐴 and 𝐶 were found to be equal. Then the 𝐾𝑐 for the equilibrium is :
a) 4 b) 8 c) 6 d) 0.32
780. The expression for the solubility product of Al2 (SO4 )3 is
a) 𝐾sp = [Al3+ ] [SO2−
4 ] b) 𝐾sp = [Al3+ ]2 [SO2−
4 ]
3
c) 𝐾sp = [Al3+ ]3 [SO2−
4 ]
2
d) 𝐾sp = [Al3+ ]2 [SO2−
4 ]
2

781. If the dissociation constant of an acid H𝐴 is 1 × 10−5 , the pH of a 0.1 𝑀 solution of the acid H𝐴 will be
approximately:
a) 3 b) 5 c) 1 d) 6
782. Calculate the pOH of a solution at 25℃ that contains 1 × 10 −10
𝑀 of hydronium ions 𝑖. 𝑒. , H3+ O:
a) 4 b) 9 c) 1 d) 7

P a g e | 57
783. When a strong acid-strong base or their salt are dissolved in water, they are completely ionised. If a strong
acid is added to a strong base, H + ions from the former combines with OH − ions of the latter forming water.
The formation of each water molecule liberates a certain quantity of energy and the reaction is exothermic.
The heat liberated when one mole of water is formed by combining hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide
is 13.7 kcal. The heat liberated when one mole of water is formed by combining sulphuric acid and sodium
hydroxide is:
a) 34 kcal b) 13.7 kcal c) 8.5 kcal d) 25.5 kcal
784. 𝐾𝑎 forHCN is 5 × 10−10 at 25℃. For maintaining a constant pH = 9, the volume of 5 M KCN solution
required to be added to 10 mL of 2 M HCN solution is
a) 2 mL b) 4 mL c) 8.2 mL d) 6.4 mL
785. The equilibrium constants for the reactions are:

The equilibrium constant for

H3 PO4 ⇌ 3H + + PO3−
4 will be:
a) 𝐾1 /𝐾2 𝐾3 b) 𝐾1 × 𝐾2 × 𝐾3 c) 𝐾2 /𝐾1 𝐾3 d) 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 + 𝐾3
786. Four moles of PCl5 are heated in a closed 4 dm container to reach equilibrium at 400 K. at
3

equilibrium 50% of PCl5 is dissociated. What is the value of 𝐾𝑐 for the dissociation of PCl5 into
PCl3 and Cl2 at 400 K?
a) 0.50 b) 1.00 c) 1.15 d) 0.05
787. Favourable conditions for manufacture of ammonia by the reaction.
N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 ; ∆𝐻 = −21.9 kcal are:
a) Low temperature, low pressure and catalyst
b) Low temperature, high pressure and catalyst
c) High temperature, low pressure and catalyst
d) High temperature, high pressure and catalyst
788. If 𝐾𝑠𝑝 of Ag 2 S is 10−17 , the solubility of Ag 2 S in 0.1 M solution of Na2 S will be
a) 10−8 b) 5 × 10−9 c) 10−15 d) 10−16
789. 5 moles of SO2 and 5 moles of O2 are allowed to react to forms SO3 in a closed vessel. At the equilibrium
stage 60% of SO2 is used up. The total number of moles of SO2 , O2 and SO3 in the vessel now is
a) 8.5 b) 9.5 c) 10 d) 10.5
790. How many gram of CaC2 O4 will dissolve in one litre of saturated solution? 𝐾𝑠𝑝 of CaC2 O4 is 2.5 × 10−9 M−2
and its molecular weight is 128:
a) 0.0064 g b) 0.0128 g c) 0.0032 g d) 0.0640 g
791. In the iodometric estimation in laboratory which process is involved?
Cr2 O2− + −
7 + H + I ⟶ 2Cr
5+
+ I2 MnO− + −
4 + H + I ⟶ Mn
2+
+ I2
a) 2− 2− b) 2− 2−
I2 + S2 O3 ⟶ S4 O6 + I − I2 + S2 O3 ⟶ S4 O6 + I2
MnO− − −
4 + OH + I ⟶ MnO2 + I2
2−
Cr O + OH − + I− ⟶ 2Cr 3+ + I2
c) d) 2 7
I2 + S2 O2− 2−
3 ⟶ S4 O6 + I
−
I2 + S2 O2− 2−
3 ⟶ S4 O6 + I
−

792. Equilibrium constant 𝐾1 and 𝐾2 for the following equilibria

1
NO(g) + O2 NO2 (g)
2

and, 2NO2 (g) 2NO(g) + O2 (g) are related as

P a g e | 58
 1 1 1 1
a) 𝐾1 = b) 𝐾2 = c) 𝐾2 = 2 d) 𝐾1 = 2
𝐾2 𝐾1 𝐾1 𝐾2
793. A sample of Na2 CO3 ∙ H2 O weighing 0.62 g is added to 100 mL of 0.1 N (NH4 )2 SO4 solution. What will be
the resulting solution?
a) Acidic b) Neutral c) Basic d) None of these
794. For which one of the following reactions 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 ?
a) PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2 b) N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO c) N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 d) 2SO3 ⇌ 2SO2 + O2
795. 𝐾𝑠𝑝 of AgCl at 18℃ is 1.8 × 10 . If Ag of sodium is 4 × 10 mol/litre the Cl that must exceed before
−10 + −3 −

AgCl is precipitated would be:

a) 4.5 × 10−8 mol/litre
b) 7.2 × 10−13 mol/litre
c) 4.0 × 10−3 mol/litre
d) 4.5 × 10−7 mol/litre
796. The equilibrium constant (𝐾𝑝 ) for the decomposition of gaseous H2 O
1
H2 O(g) ⇌ H2 (g) + 2 O2 (g)
is related to degree of dissociation (𝛼) at a total pressure 𝑝 is given by
𝛼3 𝑝1⁄2 𝛼3 𝑝3⁄2 𝛼3⁄2 𝑝2 𝛼3⁄2 𝑝1⁄2
a) 𝐾𝑝 = b) 𝐾𝑝 = c) 𝐾𝑝 = d) 𝐾𝑝 =
(1+𝛼)(2+𝛼)1⁄2 (1−𝛼)(2+𝛼)1⁄2 (1−𝛼)(2+𝛼)1⁄2 (1−𝛼)(2+𝛼)1⁄2
797. A monoprotic acid in 1.00 M solution is 0.01 % ionised. The dissociation constant of this acid is
a) 1 × 10−8 b) 1 × 10−4 c) 1 × 10−6 d) 1 × 10−5
798. pH of 1 M NH3 aqueous solution is
(𝐾𝑏 = 1.8 × 10−5 )
a) 11.13 b) 12.5 c) 13.42 d) 11.55
799. 𝐾𝑎 for formic acid and acetic acid are 2.1 × 10−4 and 1.1 × 10−5 respectively. The relative strength of acids
is:
a) 2 ∶ 1 b) 2.3 ∶ 1 c) 1 ∶ 2.1 d) 4.36 ∶ 1
800. Would gaseous HCl be considered as an Arrhenius acid?
a) Yes b) Nor
c) Not known d) Gaseous HCl does not exist
801. According to Le-Chatelier’s principle, the addition of temperature to the following reaction
CO2 (g) + 2H2 O(g) → CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g)
will cause it to the right. This reaction is, therefore
a) Exothermic b) Unimolecular c) Endothermic d) Spontaneous
802. The degree of dissociation of PCl5 (𝛼) obeying the equilibrium,
PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g), is approximately related to the pressure at equilibrium by:
1 1 1
a) 𝛼 ∝ 𝑃 b) 𝛼 ∝ c) 𝛼 ∝ 2 d) 𝛼 ∝ 4
√𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
803. Solubility product of M𝑋2 at 298 K is 4 × 10 . At this temperature concentration of M ion in
−12 2+

mol per litre is:

a) 2 × 10−6 𝑀 b) 1 × 10−4 𝑀 c) 1.6 × 10−4 𝑀 d) 4 × 10−6 𝑀
804. A reaction attains equilibrium when the Gibbs energy change accompanying the reaction is:
a) Positive and large b) Zero c) Negative and large d) Negative and small
805. NH4 HS(𝑠) ⇌ NH3 (g) + H2 S(g)
In the above reaction, if the pressure at equilibrium and at 300 K is 100 atm then what will be the
equilibrium constant 𝐾𝑝 ?
a) 2500 atm2 b) 50 atm2 c) 100 atm2 d) 200 atm2
806. The solubility product of a sparingly salt 𝐴𝑋2 is 3.2 × 10−11 . Its solubility (in mol/L) is

P a g e | 59
 a) 5.6 × 10−6 b) 3.1 × 10−4 c) 2 × 10−4 d) 4 × 10−4
807. If the solubility product of AgBrO3 and Ag 2 SO4 are 2 × 10−5 and 5.5 × 10−5 respectively, the relationship
between the solubilities of these can be correctly represented as:
a) 𝑠AgBrO3 > 𝑠Ag 2 SO4 b) 𝑠AgBrO3 < 𝑠Ag 2 SO4 c) 𝑠AgBrO3 = 𝑠Ag 2 SO4 d) 𝑠AgBrO3 ≡ 𝑠Ag 2 SO4
808. The conjugate acid of HPO2− 4 is:
−
a) H2 PO4 b) PO3−
4 c) H3 PO4 d) H3 PO3
809. The colour of an electrolyte solution depends on:
a) The nature of the anion
b) The nature of the cation
c) The nature of both the ions
d) The nature of the solvent
810. The resultant pH of a solution on mixing 200 mL of an aqueous solution of HCl (pH = 2.0) is mixed with
300 mL of an aqueous solution of NaOH (pH = 12.0) is:
a) 11.0310 b) 11.3010 c) 10.000 d) None of these
811. If ∆𝐺 for the reaction given below is 1.7 kJ; the equilibrium constant of the reaction, 2HI(g) ⇌ H2 (g) +
0

I2 (g) at 25C is :
a) 24.0 b) 3.9 c) 2.0 d) 0.5
812. In a reaction, 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶 + 𝐷, the concentrations of 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 (in mol/L) are 0.5, 0.8, 0.4 and 1.0
respectively. The equilibrium constant is
a) 0.1 b) 1.0 c) 0.5 d) 5.0
813. The solvent which is neither proton donor nor proton acceptor is called:
a) Amphoteric b) Neutral c) Aprotic d) Protonic
814. The equilibrium constant of a reaction is 20.0. At equilibrium, the rate constant of forward reaction is 10.0.
The rate constant for backward reaction is :
a) 0.5 b) 2.0 c) 10.0 d) 200.0
815. For the reversible reaction,
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) at 500℃, the value of 𝐾𝑝 is 1.44 × 10−5 . When partial pressure is
measured in atmospheres. The corresponding value of 𝐾𝑐 with concentration in mol L−1 is
a) 1.44 × 10−5 ⁄(0.082 × 773)−3 b) 1.44 × 10−5 ⁄(0.082 × 500)−2
c) 1.44 × 10−5 ⁄(8.314 × 773)2 d) 1.44 × 10−5 ⁄(0.082 × 773)−2
816. The pH of the solution produced when an aqueous solution of strong acid pH 5 is mixed with equal volume
of an aqueous solution of strong acid of pH 3 is:
a) 3.3 b) 3.5 c) 4.5 d) 4.0
817. Given, HF + H O →a H O+ + F − ,
K
2 3
Kb
F + H2 O → HF + OH −
−

Which relation is correct?

1 𝐾𝑎
a) 𝐾𝑏 = 𝐾𝑤 b) 𝐾𝑏 = c) 𝐾𝑎 × 𝐾𝑏 = 𝐾𝑤 d) = 𝐾𝑤
𝐾𝑤 𝐾𝑏
818. The pH of a solution is 4. The hydrogen ion concentration of the solution in mol/L is
a) 9.5 b) 10−4 c) 104 d) 10−2
819. Which one of the following statements is not true?
a) The conjugate base of H2 PO− 4 is HPO4
2−

b) pH + pOH = 14 for all aqueous solutions

c) The pH of 1 × 10−8 M HCl is 8
96,500 C of electricity when passed through a CuSO4 solution deposits 1 g equivalent of copper at the
d)
cathode
820. The correct representation for the solubility product constant of Ag 2 CrO4 is:
a) [Ag + ]2 [CrO2−
4 ] b) [Ag + ][CrO2−
4 ] c) [2Ag + ][CrO2−
4 ] d) [2Ag + ]2 [CrO2−
4 ]

P a g e | 60
821. For a reversible reaction, the rate constant for the forward reaction is 2.38 × 10-4 and for the backward
reaction is 8.15 × 10-5. The K c for the reaction is :
a) 0.342 b) 2.92 c) 0.292 d) 3.42
822. The pH of a soft drink is 3.82. Its H ion concentration will be:
+

a) 1.96 × 10−2 mol/litre b) 1.96 × 10−3 mol/litre c) 1.5 × 10−4 mol/litre d) 1.96 × 10−1 mol/litre
823. The decreasing order of strength of the bases,
OH − , NH2− , H— C ≡ C − and CH3 — CH2− , is:
a) CH3 — CH2− > NH2− > H— C ≡ C − > OH −
b) H— C ≡ C − > CH3 — CH2− > NH2− > OH −
c) OH − > NH2− > H— C ≡ C − > CH3 — CH2−
d) NH2− > H— C ≡ C − > OH − > CH3 — CH2−
824. The metallic sulphide not precipitated if H2 S gas is passed through an aqueous solution containing cuprous
chloride, bismuth chloride, mercuric chloride and sodium chloride is:
a) CuS b) Bi2 SO3 c) HgS d) Na2 S
825. pH of 1 × 10−8 M nitric acid solution will be
a) 6 b) 6.96 c) 7.96 d) 8
826. Indicate the correct answer out of the following for the reaction,
NH4 Cl + H2 O ⇌ NH4 OH + HCl
a) The reaction is retarded by the addition of KOH
b) The reaction is favoured by the addition of NH4 OH
c) The reaction is retarded by the addition of hydrogen ion
d) None of the above
827. The salt of strong acid and weak base (FeCl2 ) is
a) Acidic b) Basic c) Neutral d) None of these
828. For the following reaction in gaseous phase
1
CO + O2 ⟶ CO2
2
𝐾𝑐 ⁄𝐾𝑝 is
a) (𝑅𝑇)1⁄2
b) (𝑅𝑇)−1⁄2
c) (𝑅𝑇)
d) (𝑅𝑇)−1
829. For a reaction if 𝐾𝑝 > 𝐾𝑐 the forward reaction is favoured by
a) Low pressure b) High pressure c) High temperature d) Low temperature
830. What will be the pH value of 0.05M Ba(OH)2 solution?
a) 12 b) 13 c) 1 d) 12.96
831. pH of a saturated solution of Ba(OH)2 is 12. The value of solubility product (𝐾𝑠𝑝 ) of Ba(OH)2 is:
a) 4.0 × 10−6 b) 5.0 × 10−6 c) 3.3 × 10−7 d) 5.0 × 10−7
832. The conjugate base of H2 SO4 is
a) SO2−
4 b) HSO− 4 c) HSO+ 4 d) H3 SO4
833. For the reaction, PCl 3 (g) + Cl 2 (g) ⇌ PCl 5 (g), the value of 𝐾𝑐 at 250℃ is 26. The value of 𝐾𝑝 at this
temperature will be
a) 0.41 b) 0.51 c) 0.61 d) 0.71
834. The pH of a 10 −10
M NaOH solution is nearest to
a) 10 b) 7 c) 4 d) −10
835. Which can act as buffer?
a) NH4 Cl + NH4 OH
b) CH3 COOH + CH3 COONa

P a g e | 61
 c) 40 mL of 0.1 𝑀 NaCN + 20 mL of 0.1 𝑀 HCl
d) All of the above
836. The pH indicators are
a) Salts of strong acids and strong bases b) Salts of weak acid and weak bases
c) Either weak acids or weak bases d) Either strong acid or strong bases
837. Phenolphthalein is a:
a) Weak acid b) Weak base c) Strong acid d) Strong base
838. The solubility product of Hg 2 I2 is equal to
a) [Hg 22 ][I ] b) [Hg 2 ][I ] c) [Hg 22 ][I ]2 d) [Hg 2 ][I ]2
839. The rate at which a substance reacts depends on its
a) Atomic weight b) Atomic number c) Molecular weight d) Active mass
840. The compound HCl behaves as … in the reaction,
HCl + HF ⟶ H2+ Cl + F −
a) Strong acid b) Strong base c) Weak acid d) Weak base
841. At temperature 𝑇, a compound 𝐴𝐵2 (g) dissociated according to the reaction 2𝐴𝐵2 (g) ⇌ 2𝐴𝐵(g) + 𝐵2 (g)
with a degree of dissociation 𝑥, which is small compared with unity. The expression for 𝐾𝑝 , in terms of 𝑥 and
the total pressure 𝑃, is:
𝑃𝑥 3 𝑃𝑥 2 𝑃𝑥 3 𝑃𝑥 2
a) b) c) d)
2 3 3 2
842. Which of the following is not a Lewis acid?
a) BF3 b) AlCl3 c) SO2 d) H2 O
843. The pH of a 0.1 molar solution of the acid HQ is 3. The value of the ionization constant, 𝐾𝑎 of this aid is:
a) 1 × 10−3 b) 1 × 10−5 c) 1 × 10−7 d) 3 × 10−1
844. For the precipitation of IInd group cations only the solution is made acidic so that:
a) The sulphide ion concentration may increase
b) The sulphide ion concentration may decrease
c) The H + ion concentration may increase
d) The cations concentration may increase
845. Let the solubility of an aqueous solution of Mg(OH)2 be 𝑋 then its 𝐾sp is
a) 4𝑥 3 b) 108𝑥 5 c) 27𝑥 4 d) 9𝑥
846. In the equilibrium,2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2SO3 (g), the partial pressure of SO2 , O2 and SO3 are 0.662, 0.101 and
0.331 atm respectively. What should be the partial pressure of oxygen so that the equilibrium concentration
of SO2 and SO3 are equal?
a) 0.4 atm b) 1.0 atm c) 0.8 atm d) 0.25 atm
847. In the following reaction,
AgCl + KI ⇌ KCl + AgI
as KI is added, the equilibrium is shifted towards right giving more AgI precipitate. because
a) Both AgCl and AgI are sparingly soluble
b) The 𝐾sp of AgI is lower than 𝐾sp of AgCl
c) The 𝐾sp of AgI is higher than 𝐾sp of AgCl
d) Both AgCl and AgI have same solubility product
848. Which of the following is a Lewis base?
a) NaOH b) NH3 c) BCl3 d) All of these
849. The ionisation constant of NH4+ in water is 5.6 × 10−10 at 25℃. The rate constant for the reaction of NH4+
and OH − to form NH3 and H2 O at 25℃ is 3.4 × 1010 L mol−1 s−1 . The rate constant for proton transfer from
water to NH3 is:
a) 6.07 × 105 s −1 b) 6.07 × 10−10 s −1 c) 6.07 × 10−5 s−1 d) 6.07 × 1010 s−1
850. 𝐾𝑠𝑝 for AgCl in water at 25℃ is 1.8 × 10−10 . If 10−5 mol of Ag + ions are added to this solution. 𝐾𝑠𝑝 will be:

P a g e | 62
 a) 1.8 × 10−16 b) 1.8 × 10−10 c) 1.8 × 10−5 d) None of these
851. The reaction which proceeds in the forward direction is :
a) Fe2 O3 + 6HCl = 2FeCl3 + 3H2 O
b) SnCl4 + Hg 2 Cl2 = SnCl2 + 2HgCl2
c) NH3 + H2 O + NaCl = NH4 Cl + NaOH
d) 2CuI + I2 + 4K + = 2Cu2+ + 3KI
852. The chemical equilibrium of a reversible reaction is not influenced by
a) Pressure b) Catalyst
c) Concentration of the reactants d) Temperature
853. A 0.01 M ammonia solution is 5 % ionised, its pH will be
a) 11.80 b) 10.69 c) 7.22 d) 12.24
854. For the decomposition reaction
NH2 COONH4 (𝑠) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) + CO2 (g)
The 𝐾𝑝 = 2.9 × 10−5 atm3 . The total pressure of gases at equilibrium when 1 mole of NH2 COONH4 (g) was
taken to start with would be
a) 0.0766 atm b) 0.0582 atm c) 0.0388 atm d) 0.0194 atm
855. 3 moles of 𝐴 and 4 moles of 𝐵 are mixed together and allowed to come into equilibrium according
to the following reaction.
3𝐴(g) + 4𝐵(g) ⇌ 2𝐶(g) + 3𝐷(g)
When equilibrium is reached, there is 1 mole of 𝐶.
The equilibrium extent of the reaction is
1 1 1
a) b) c) d) 1
4 3 2
856. For the reaction, C2 H4 + H2 ⇌ C2 H6
The correct relation is
a) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 b) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 [𝑅𝑇] c) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 [𝑅𝑇]−2 d) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 [𝑅𝑇]−1
857. Which solution will have pH closer to 1.0?
a) 100 mL of (𝑀/10) HCl + 100 mL of (𝑀/10) NaOH
b) 55 mL of (𝑀/10) HCl + 45 mL of (𝑀/10) NaOH
c) 10 mL of (𝑀/10) HCl + 90 mL of (𝑀/10) NaOH
d) 75 mL of (𝑀/5) HCl + 25 mL of (𝑀/5) NaOH
858. Which of the following is a Lewis acid?
a) Cl− b) H3 O+ c) PF3 d) C2 H5 OH
859. A buffer solution can be prepared from a mixture of
(i)sodium acetate and acetic acid in water
(ii) sodium acetate and hydrochloric acid in water
(iii) ammonia and ammonium chloride in water
(iv) ammonia and sodium hydroxide in water
a) (i), (ii) b) (ii), (iii) c) (iii), (iv) d) (i), (iii)
860. An equilibrium mixture of the reaction, 2NO(g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g) contains 0.120 mole of NO2 , 0.080 mole
of NO and 0.640 mole of O2 in a 4 litre flask at constant temperature. The value of 𝐾𝑐 for the reaction at this
temperature is:
a) 14 b) 24 c) 7 d) 28
861. For the reaction,
N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g) , the value of 𝐾𝑐 at 800℃ is 0.1. When the equilibrium concentration of
both the reactants is 0.5 mole, what is the value of 𝐾𝑝 at the same temperature?
a) 0.5 b) 0.1 c) 0.01 d) 0.025
862. The equilibrium,
P a g e | 63
 P4 (𝑠) + 6Cl2 (g) ⇌ 4PCl3 (g) attained by mixing equal moles of P4 and Cl2 in a evacuated vessel.
Then, at equilibrium,
a) [Cl2 ] > [PCl3 ] b) [Cl2 ] > [P4 ] c) [P4 ] > [Cl2 ] d) [PCl3 ] > [P4 ]
863. The yield of product in the reaction 𝐴2 (g) + 2𝐵(g) ⇌ 𝐶(g) + 𝑄 kJ would be high at
a) High temperature and high pressure b) High temperature and low pressure
c) Low temperature and high pressure d) Low temperature and low pressure
864. According to law of mass action, rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to
a) Molar concentration of reactants b) Concentration of reactants
c) Concentration of products d) Molar concentration of products
865. If NaOH is added to a solution of acetic acid:
a) H + ions increases b) pH decreases c) [C2 H3 O2 ]− increases d) [HC2 H3 O2 ] increases
866. What is the effect of having the pressure by doubling the volume on the following system at
500℃?
H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
a) Shift to reactant side b) Shift to product formation
c) Liquefaction of HI d) No effect
867. The solubility product (𝐾sp ) of the following compounds are given at 25℃
Compound 𝑲𝐬𝐩
AgCl 1.1 1010
AgI 1.0 1016
PbCrO4 4.0 1014
Ag 2 CO3 8.0 1012

The most soluble and least soluble compounds are

a) AgCl and PbCrO4 b) AgI and Ag 2 CO3 c) AgCl and Ag 2 CO3 d) Ag 2 CO3 and AgI
868. The pH of 10 −10
M NaOH solution is nearest to
a) −4 b) −10 c) 4 d) 7
869. The conjugate base of H2 PO−
4 is
a) H3 PO4 b) P2 O5 c) PO3−
4 d) HPO2−4
870. The ionization constant of ammonium hydroxide is 1.77 × 10 at 298 K. Hydrolysis constant of
−5

ammonium chloride is:

a) 5.65 × 10−12 b) 5.65 × 10−10 c) 6.50 × 10−12 d) 5.65 × 10−13
871. 1 𝑀 solution of an acid has a pH of 5. Which of the following is the most reasonable explanation for this acid?
a) The acid is too dilute
b) It is a strong acid
c) It reacts with water to produce a high concentration of hydronium ions
d) It is a weak acid
872. The solubility product 𝐾𝑠𝑝 , of a sparingly soluble salt AgIO3 is 1.0 × 10−8 at a given temperature. What is
the mass of AgIO3 (mol. Mass = 283) contained in 100 mL solution at this temperature is:
a) 1.0 × 10−4 g b) 28.3 × 10−2 g c) 2.83 × 10−3 g d) 1.0 × 10−7 g
873. The pH of a buffer solution containing equal molal concentration of a weak base and its chloride
(𝐾𝑏 for weak base = 2 × 10−5 ) is
a) 5 b) 9 c) 4.7 d) 9.3
874. In qualitative analysis, in III group NH4 Cl is added before NH4 OH because
a) To increase the concentration of NH4+ ions b) To increase the concentration of Cl− ions
c) To reduce the concentration of OH − ions d) To increase the concentration of OH − ions
875. The 𝐾sp for Cr(OH)3 is 1.6 1030 . The molar solubility of this compound in water is

P a g e | 64
 2 4
a) √1.6 1030 b) √1.6 1030 c) 4√1.6 1030 ⁄27 d) 1.6 1030 ⁄27
876. ∆𝐺 0 for the reaction 𝑋 + 𝑌 ⇌ 𝑍 is − 4.606 kcal. The equilibrium constant for the reaction at 227C is :
a) 100 b) 10 c) 2 d) 0.01
877. For the reaction, 2𝐴(𝑔) ⇌ 3𝐶(𝑔) + 𝐷(𝑠), the value of 𝐾𝑐 will be equal to
a) 𝐾𝑝 (𝑅𝑇) b) 𝐾𝑝 ⁄𝑅𝑇 c) = 𝐾𝑝 d) None of these
878. Reaction between barium chloride and sodium sulphate goes to completion because:
a) Barium sulphate is almost insoluble
b) The reaction is reversible
c) The solubility of barium chloride decreases
d) None of the above
879. Which of the following cannot act as a Lewis of Bronsted acid?
a) BF3 b) AlCl3 c) SnCl4 d) CCl4
880. Consider the reaction,
1
NO2 ⇌ 2 N2 + O2 , 𝐾1 ; N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 , 𝐾2
Give the equilibrium constant for the formation of N2 O4 from N2 and O2 .
1 1 1 1 𝐾2
a) 𝐾2 + 𝐾 b) 𝐾 c) √ d) 𝐾
1 2 1 𝐾2 𝐾 1 𝐾2 1

881. A weak monobasic acid is 1% ionised in 0.1 M solution at 25℃. The percentage of ionisation in its
0.025 M solution is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
882. In 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 [𝑅𝑇]∆𝑛
, ∆𝑛 may have:
a) +ve values
b) −ve values
c) Integer of fractional values
d) Either of the above
883. The conjugate acid of H − ion is:
a) H3 O+ b) H2 c) OH − d) H2 O
884. The addition of HCl does not suppresses the ionisation of:
a) Acetic acid b) Benzoic acid c) H2 S d) H2 SO4
885. A colourless solution liberates CO2 gas when added to a metal bicarbonate. The solution is:
a) Basic b) Acidic c) Amphoteric d) Neutral
886. Which one of the following statement is not true?
a) The conjugate base of H2 PO− 2−
4 is HPO4
b) pH + pOH = 14 for all aqueous solutions
c) The pH of 1 × 10−8 M HCl is 8
96500 C of electricity when passed through a CuSO4 solution deposit 1 g equivalent of copper
d)
at the cathode
887. Two moles of PCl5 is heated in a closed vessel of 2 L capacity. When the equilibrium is attained
40% of it has been found to be dissociated. What is the 𝐾𝑐 in mol⁄dm3 ?
a) 0.532 b) 0.266 c) 0.133 d) 0.174
888. A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapour at it’s boiling point. On the average, the molecules in two
phases have equal
a) Inter-molecular forces b) Potential energy
c) Kinetic energy d) Total energy
889. At equilibrium, the amount of HI in a 3 litre vessel was 12.8 g. Its equilibrium concentration is :
a) 4.267 M b) 0.033 M c) 0.1 M d) 0.2 M
890. Which one of the following salts give an acidic solution in water?
P a g e | 65
 a) CH3 COONa b) NH4 Cl c) NaCl d) CH3 COONH4
891. For which reaction does the equilibrium constant depend on the units of concentration?
1 1
a) NO(g) ⇌ N2 (g) + O2 (g)
2 2
b) Zn(s) + Cu2+ (𝑎𝑞) ⇌ Cu(𝑠) + Zn2+ (𝑎𝑞)
c) C2 H5 OH(𝑙) + CH3 COOH(𝑙) ⇌ CH3 COOC2 H5 (𝑙) + H2 O(𝑙)
d) COCl2 (g) ⇌ CO(g) + Cl2 (g)
892. The solubility product of As2 S3 is 2.8 × 10−72 . What is the solubility of As2 S3 ?
a) 1.92 × 10−15 mol/L b) 1.72 × 10−15 mol/L
c) 2.3 × 10−16 mol/L d) 1.65 × 10−36 mol/L
893. When CO2 dissolves in water, the following equilibrium is established, CO2 + 2H2 O ⇌ H3 O+ + HCO− 3 , for
−7 −
which the equilibrium constant is 3.8 × 10 and pH = 6.0. The ratio of [HCO3 ]/[CO2 ] is :
a) 3.8 × 10−18 b) 3.8 c) 0.38 d) 13.8
894. The blood buffers are most often involved in stabilizing the pH in presence of metabolically produced:
a) Acids b) Bases c) Salts d) None of these
895. If concentration of N2 , H2 and NH3 are 1, 2 and 3 respectively, their concentrations at equilibrium will be:
N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
a) (1 − 𝑥) (2 − 3𝑥) 2𝑥 b) (1 − 𝑥/3) (2 − 𝑥) 2𝑥/3 c) (1 − 𝑥) (2 − 𝑥) (3d)+ (1
𝑥) − 𝑥) (2 − 3𝑥) (3 + 2𝑥)
896. For the reaction, N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 at 5000C, the value of 𝐾𝑝 is 1.44 × 10-5. What will be the value of 𝐾𝑝 at
low pressure where the gases are behaving almost ideally?
(0.082 × 773)2
1.44 × 10−5 1.44 × 10−5
a) 1.44 × 10−5 b) × 1.44 c) d)
× (0.082 × 500)2 × (0.082 × 773)3
× 10−5
897. The range of pH in which methyl orange works as indicator:
a) 3-4 b) 10-12 c) 8-10 d) 6-8
898. For the reaction : CO(g) + O2 (g) ⇌ CO2 (g), 𝐾𝑝 /𝐾𝑐 is:
1
2
a) 𝑅𝑇 b) (𝑅𝑇)−1 c) (𝑅𝑇)−1/2 d) (𝑅𝑇)1/2
899. 𝐾𝑠𝑝 of CuS, Ag 2 S and HgS are 10−31 , 10−44 and 10−54 respectively. Select the correct order for their solubility
in water:
a) Ag 2 S > HgS > CuS b) HgS > CuS > Ag 2 S c) HgS > Ag 2 S > CuS d) Ag 2 S > CuS > HgS
900. pH of a 0.0001 M HCl solution is
a) 4.0 b) 2.0 c) 6.0 d) 7.0
901. The pH of 0.1 𝑀 HCl is approximately 1. The approximate pH of 0.05 𝑀 H2 SO4 is:
a) 0.05 b) 0.5 c) 1 d) 2
902. Phenolphthalein shows … in acid medium.
a) Red colour b) Yellow colour c) Pink colour d) No colour
903. The [OH ] in 100 mL of 0.015 𝑀 HCl (𝑎𝑞. ) is:
−

a) 5 × 10−12 𝑀 b) 3 × 10−10 𝑀 c) 6.7 × 10−13 𝑀 d) 2.0 × 10−9 𝑀

904. For an equilibrium reaction if the value of 𝐾𝑐 >>1, then the reaction favoured more towards
a) Backward b) Forward
c) Equilibrium will be obtained d) Reaction will stop
905. K c for 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 3𝐶 is 20 at 25C. If a 2 litre vessel contains 1,2 and 4 mole of 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 respectively, the
reaction at 25C shall :
a) Proceed from left to right
b) Proceed from right to left
c) Be at equilibrium
d) Not occur

P a g e | 66
906. Solution prepared by dissolving equal number of mole of HOCl(𝐾𝑎 = 3.2 × 10−8 ) and NaOCl is a buffer of
pH:
a) 8.0 b) 3.2 c) 7.5 d) 4.8
907. An increase in the temperature of an equilibrium system:
a) Favours the exothermic reaction
b) Favours the endothermic reaction
c) Favours both the exothermic and endothermic reactions
d) Favours neither the exothermic nor endothermic reactions
908. Which of these is a Lewis acid?
a) AlCl3 b) NCl3 c) HCl d) 𝑅O𝑅
909. The pH of a solution is 4. The hydrogen ion concentration of the solution if pH is to be increased to 5 is:
a) Halved
b) Doubled
c) Decreased by 10 times
d) Decreased to half of its original value of concentration
910. The oxo-acid of anhydride P2 O5 is:
a) H3 PO4 b) H4 P2 O7 c) HPO3 d) All of these
911. In a saturated solution of the sparingly soluble strong electrolyte AgIO3 (molecular mass=283)
the equilibrium which sets in is
AgIO3 (𝑠) ⇌ Ag + (𝑎𝑞) + IO−
3 (𝑎𝑞)
If the solubility product constant 𝐾𝑠𝑝 of AgIO3 at a given temprature is 1.0 × 10−8 , what is the
mass of AgIO3 contained in 100 mL of its saturated solution?
a) 28.3 × 10−2 g b) 2.83 × 10−3 g c) 1.0 × 10−7 g d) 1.0 × 10−4 g
912. H3 BO3 is:
a) Monobasic and weak b) Monobasic and weak c) Monobasic and strong d) Tribasic and weak
Lewis acid Bronsted acid Lewis acid Bronsted acid
913. All Lewis acids are not necessarily:
a) Proton donor b) Bronsted acids c) Arrhenius acids d) All of these
914. In the reaction,
H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g) . Which of the following is correct?
a) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 b) 𝐾𝑝 > 𝐾𝑐 c) 𝐾𝑝 < 𝐾𝑐 d) 𝐾𝑝 ≥ 𝐾𝑐
915. Which of the following is most soluble in water?
a) Bi2 S3 (𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 10−70 ) b) MnS(𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 7 × 10−16 ) c) CuS(𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 8 × 10−37 ) d) Ag 2 S(𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 6 × 10−51 ).
916. The equilibrium constant for the reaction
1
SO3 (g) ⇌ SO2 (g) + 2 O2 (g)
is 𝐾𝑐 = 4.9 × 10−2 . The value of 𝐾𝑐 for the reaction
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2SO3 (g) will be
a) 416 b) 2.40 × 10−3 c) 9.8 × 10−2 d) 4.9 × 10−2
917. 𝑝𝐾𝑎 or a weak acid is defined as
1 1 1
a) log 𝐾𝑎 b) log 𝐾 c) log 𝐾𝑎
d) −log 𝐾𝑎
𝑎
918. In the equilibrium, 𝐴𝐵 ⇌ 𝐴 + 𝐵, if the equilibrium concentration of 𝐴 is doubled, the equilibrium
concentration of 𝐵 would become
a) Half b) Twice 1 1
c) th d) th
4 8
919. Two moles of PCl5 were heated in a closed vessel of 2 L. At equilibrium 40% of PCl5 is dissociated
into PCl3 and Cl2 . The value of equilibrium constant is
a) 0.53 b) 0.267 c) 2.63 d) 5.3

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920. When NaOH is dissolved in water, heat is evolved. If the temperature is raised, the solubility of NaOH:
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains the same
d) Cannot be predicted
921. In which of the following equilibrium, change in volume of the system does not alter the number of moles?
a) N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g)
b) PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)
c) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)
d) SOCl2 (g) ⇌ SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g)
922. Conjugate base of HSO− 4 is
a) SO2−
4 b) H2 SO4 c) H3 SO+ 4 d) None of these
923. Which favours the backward reaction in a chemical equilibrium?
a) Increasing the concentration of one of the reactants
b) Removal of at least one of the products at regular intervals
c) Increasing the concentration of one or more of the products
d) None of the above
924. A weak acid H𝑋(𝐾𝑎 = 1 × 10−5 ) on reaction with NaOH gives Na𝑋. For 0.1 𝑀 aqueous solution of Na𝑋, the
% hydrolysis is:
a) 0.001% b) 0.01% c) 0.15% d) 1%
925. For the reaction: 2NO2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + O2 (g); 𝐾𝑐 = 1.8 × 10 at 184C and
−6

𝑅 = 0.083 litre atm K −1 mol−1 . When 𝐾𝑝 and 𝐾𝑐 are compared at 184C, it is found that :
a) 𝐾𝑝 > 𝐾𝑐 b) 𝐾𝑝 < 𝐾𝑐 c) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 d) 𝐾𝑝 ≷ 𝐾𝑐
926. Mg(OH)Cl is an example of:
a) Acidic salt b) Basic salt c) Neutral salt d) Amphoteric salt
927. The degree of dissociation of a weak acid is 1.34% at 0.1 𝑀 concentration. Its dissociation constant is:
a) 8 × 10−6 b) 1.79 × 10−5 c) 0.182 × 10−5 d) 8 × 10−5
928. In the reaction HCl + H2 O ⇌ H3 O+ + Cl−
a) H2 O is the conjugate base of HCl acid b) Cl− is the conjugate base of HCl acid
c) Cl is the conjugate acid of H2 Obase
−
d) H3 O+ is the conjugate base of HCl
929. Slope and intercepts of the plots log 10𝐾vs 1 are given respectively by :
𝑇
∆𝐻  ∆𝑆  −∆𝐻 ∆𝑆  −∆𝐻 ∆𝑆  ∆𝐻  −∆𝑆 
a) − , b) , c) , d) ,
𝑅 𝑅 2.303𝑅 2.303 2.303𝑅 2.303𝑅 2.303 2.303𝑅
930. On adding 0.1 M solution each of [Ag + ], [Ba2+ ], [Ca2+ ]in a Na2 SO4 solution, species first
precipitated is
[𝐾sp BaSO4 = 10−11 , 𝐾sp CaSO4 = 10−6 , 𝐾sp AgSO4 = 10−5 ]
a) Ag 2 SO4 b) BaSO4 c) CaSO4 d) All of these
931. 𝐾 for the synthesis of HI is 50. 𝐾 for the dissociation of HI is
a) 0.2 b) 0.02 c) 0.4 d) 0.04
932. Which of the following factors will favour the reverse reaction in a chemical equilibrium?
a) Increase in the concentration of one of the reactants
b) Increase in the concentration of one or more products
c) Removal of at least one of the product at regular time intervals
d) None of the above
933. The anhydride of HNO3 is:
a) P2 O5 b) N2 O3 c) NO d) N2 O5
934. According to Le-Chatelier principle, adding heat a solid and liquid in equilibrium will cause the
a) Amount of solid to decrease b) Amount of liquid to decrease

P a g e | 68
 c) Temperature to rise d) Temperature to fall
935. What is the conjugate base of OH − ?
a) O2− b) O− c) H2 O d) O2
936. The solubility of Al(OH)3 is ′𝑠 mol per litre, the solubility product of Al(OH)3 is:
′

a) 𝑠 3 b) 27𝑠 4 c) 𝑠 2 d) 4𝑠 2
937. The pH of 0.1 M solution of the following salts increases in the order
a) NaCl < NH4 Cl < 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑁 < 𝐻𝐶𝑙 b) HCl < 𝑁H4 Cl < 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 < 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑁
c) NaCN < NH4 Cl < 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 < 𝐻𝐶𝑙 d) HCl < 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 < 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑁 < NH4 Cl
938. For the Haber’s process for the formation of NH3 at 298 𝐾 is :
N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 ; ∆𝐻 = − 460 kJ
Which of the following is correct?
The condition for equilibrium is GN2 + 3GH2 = 2GNH3 , where 𝐺 is Gibbs energy per mole of gaseous
a)
species measured at that partial pressure
On addition N2 , the equilibrium will shift to forward direction because according to II law of
b)
thermodynamics the entropy must decrease in the direction of spontaneous reaction.
c) The catalyst will increase the rate of forward reaction by 2 times and that of backward reaction by 1.5
times
d) Name of the above
939. Consider the reversible reaction,
HCN(𝑎𝑞) ⇌ H + (𝑎𝑞) + CN− (𝑎𝑞)
At equilibrium, the addition of CN− (𝑎𝑞) would:
a) Reduce HCN(𝑎𝑞) concentration
b) Decrease the H + (𝑎𝑞) ion concentration
c) Increase the equilibrium constant
d) Decrease the equilibrium constant
940. The solubility product of iron (III) hydroxide is 1.6 × 10−39 . If 𝑋 is the solubility of iron (III)
hydroxide, which one of the following expression can be used to calculate 𝑋?
a) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 𝑋 4 b) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 9𝑋 4 c) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 27𝑋 3 d) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 27𝑋 4
941. Baking soda is a/an:
a) Basic salt b) Double salt c) Complex salt d) Acidic salt
942. An aqueous solution of sodium carbonate has a pH greater than 7 because
a) It contains more carbonate ions than H2 O molecules
b) Contains more hydroxide ions than carbonate ions
c) Na+ ions react with water
d) Carbonate ions react with H2 O
943. The pH of a solution obtained by mixing 10 mL of 0.1 𝑀 HCl and 40 mL of 0.2 𝑀 H2 SO4 is:
a) 1.4865 b) 0.4865 c) 0.4685 d) 3
944. Just before a reversible reaction attains equilibrium it is found that:
a) The velocity of both forward reaction and backward reaction is also increasing
b) The velocity of the forward reaction is decreasing and that of backward reaction in increasing
c) The velocity of both forward and backward reactions is decreasing
d) All of the above
945. How many mole of HCl are required to prepare one litre of buffer solution (containing NaCN + HCl) of pH 8.5
using 0.01 g formula weight of NaCN (𝐾HCN = 4.1 × 10−10 )?
a) 8.85 × 10−3 b) 8.75 × 10−2 c) 8.85 × 10−4 d) 8.85 × 10−2
946. For the reaction 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 3𝐶 at 250C, a 3 litre vessel contains 1, 2, 4 mole of 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 respectively. If K c
for the reaction is 10, the reaction will proceed in :
a) Forward direction b) Backward direction c) In either direction d) In equilibrium

P a g e | 69
947. What is the pH of a 1𝑀CH3 COONa solution? 𝐾𝑎 of acetic acid = 1.8 × 10−5 , 𝐾𝑤 = 10−14 mol2 litre−2 :
a) 2.4 b) 3.6 c) 4.8 d) 9.4
948. Formaldehyde polymerizes to form glucose according to the reaction,
6 HCHO ⇌ C6 H12 O6
The theoretically computed equilibrium constant for this reaction is found to be 6 × 1022 . If 1 M
solution of glucose dissociates according to the above equilibrium, the concentration of
formaldehyde in the solution will be
a) 1.6 × 10−2 M b) 1.6 × 10−4 M c) 1.6 × 10−6 M d) 1.6 × 10−8 M
949. The polyprotic acid is:
a) HCl
b) HClO4
c) H3 PO4
d) HNO3
950. The solubility of Sb2 S3 in water is 1.0 × 10−5 mol⁄L at 298 K. What will be its solubility product?
a) 108 × 10−25 b) 1.0 × 10−25 c) 144 × 10−25 d) 126 × 10−24
951. The pH of 1/1000 𝑁 KOH solution is:
a) 10−11 b) 3 c) 2 d) 11
952. Which acts both as Lowry Bronsted acid and base?
a) OH − b) Na2 CO3 c) NH3 d) HSO− 4
953. By applying law of mass action, the equilibrium constant, 𝐾 for the reaction
H𝐴 + H2 O ⇌ H3 O+ + 𝐴− , is given as
[H𝐴][H2 O] [H3 O+ ][𝐴− ] [H3 O+ ][H2 O] [H𝐴][𝐴− ]
a) 𝐾 = b) 𝐾 = c) 𝐾 = d) 𝐾 =
[H3 O+ ][𝐴− ] [H𝐴][H2 O] [𝐴− ][H𝐴] [H2 O][H3 O+ ]
954. The Haber′s process for the manufacture of ammonia is usually carried out at about 500℃. If a
temperature of about 250℃ was used instead of 500℃:
a) Ammonia would not be formed at all
b) The percentage of ammonia in the equilibrium mixture would be too low
c) A catalyst would be of no use at all at this temperature
d) The rate of formation of ammonia would be too slow
955. The equilibrium constant for, H2 (g) + CO2 (g) ⇌ H2 O(g) + CO(g)𝑖𝑠 1.80 𝑎𝑡 10000 C. If 1.0 mole of H2 and 1.0
mole of CO2 are placed in one litre flask, the final equilibrium concentration of CO at 1000C will be:
a) 0.573 M b) 0.385 M c) 5.73 M d) 0.295 M
956. For a reaction H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI at 721 K, the value of equilibrium constant is 50. If 0.5 moles each of
H2 and I2 is added to the system the value of equilibrium constant will be
a) 40 b) 60 c) 50 d) 30
957. Among BMe3 , BF3 , BCl3 and B2 H6 which one will be the best Lewis acid?
a) BCl3 b) BMe3 c) B2 H6 d) BF3
958. Potassium ferrocyanide is a
a) Mixed salt b) Normal salt c) Complex salt d) Double salt
959. The pH of pure water at 25℃ and 35℃ are 7 and 6 respectively. The heat of formation of water from H +
and OH − is:
a) 84.55 kcal mol−1
b) −84.55 kcal mol−1
c) 74.55 kcal mol−1
d) −74.55 kcal mol−1
960. The pH of solution 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 are 9.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5.5 respectively. The most acidic solution is:
a) 𝐴 b) 𝐵 c) 𝐶 d) 𝐷
961. According to Debye-Hückel theory of strong electrolytes, increase in conductivity on dilution is due to:
P a g e | 70
 a) Increase in number of ions
b) Increase in the mobility of ions
c) Decrease in the number of ions
d) Decrease in the mobility of ions
962. If 𝐾1 and 𝐾2 are the respective equilibrium constants for the two reactions,
XeF6 (g) + H2 O(g) ⇌ XeOF4 (g) + 2HF(g)
XeO4 (g) + XeF6 (g) ⇌ XeOF4 (g) + XeO3 F2 (g)
The equilibrium constant for the reaction,
XeO4 (g) + 2HF(g) ⇌ XeO3 F2 (g) + H2 O(g) is:
a) 𝐾1 𝐾2 b) 𝐾1 /𝐾22 c) 𝐾2 /𝐾1 d) 𝐾1 /𝐾2
963. The solubility of a saturated solution of calcium fluoride is 2 × 10 moles per litre. Its solubility product
−4

is:
a) 32 × 10−10 b) 32 × 10−8 c) 32 × 10−14 d) 32 × 10−12
964. The equilibrium constant Br2 ⇌ 2Br at 500 K and 700 K are 10−10 and 10−5 respectively. The reaction is:
a) Endothermic b) Exothermic c) Fast d) Slow
965. For the homogenous reaction,
4NH3 + 5O2 ⇌ 4NO + 6H2 O
the equilibrium constant 𝐾𝑐 has the units
a) conc.+10 b) conc.+1 c) conc.−1 d) It is dimensionless
966. 1 mole of H2 and 2 moles of I2 are taken initially in a 2 L vessel. The number of moles of H2 at
equilibrium is 0.2. Then, the number of moles of I2 and HI at equilibrium are
a) 1.2, 1.6 b) 1.8, 1.0 c) 0.4, 2.4 d) 0.8, 2.0
967. If the ionic product of water (𝐾𝑤 )is 1.96 × 10 −14
at 35℃, what is its value at 10℃ ?
a) 1.96 × 10 −14 b) 3.92 × 10 −14 c) 2.95 × 10−15 d) 1.96 × 10−13
968. 0.1 mole of CH3 NH2 (𝐾𝑏 = 5 × 10−4 ) is mixed with 0.08 mole of HCl diluted to 1 L. What will be
the H + concentration in the solution?
a) 8 × 10−2 M b) 8 × 10−11 M c) 1.6 × 10−11 M d) 8 × 10−5 M
969. The conjugate base of H3 BO3 is:
a) B(OH)−4 b) H2 BO−
3 c) HBO2− 3 d) H4 BO+
3
970. For the reaction, CO(g) + Cl2 (g) ⇌ COCl2 (g) the value of 𝐾𝑝 /𝐾𝑐 is equal to :
1
a) 1.0 b) 𝑅𝑇 c) √𝑅𝑇 d)
𝑅𝑇
971. One mole of nitrogen is mixed with 3 mole of hydrogen in a closed 3 litre vessel. 20% of nitrogen is converted
1 3
into NH3 . Then 𝐾𝑐 for the N2 + H2 ⇌ NH3 is:
2 2
a) 0.36 litre mol−1 b) 0.46 litre mol−1 c) 0.5 litre mol−1 d) 0.2 litre mol−1
972. Which is a reversible reaction?
a) H2 + I2 → 2HI
b) H2 SO4 + Ba(OH)2 → BaSO4 ↓ +2H2 O
c) NaCl + AgNO3 → NaNO3 + AgCl ↓
d) 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2 ↑
973. 2HI(g) ⇌ H2 (g) + I2 (g)
The equilibrium constant of the above reaction is 6.4 at 300 K. If 0.25 mole each of H2 and I2 are
added to the system, the equilibrium constant will be
a) 6.4 b) 0.8 c) 3.2 d) 1.6
974. Would gaseous HCl be considered as an Arrhenius acid?
a) Yes b) No
c) Not known d) Gaseous HCl does not exsit
975. Buffer solution is prepared by mixing

P a g e | 71
 a) Strong acid + its salt of strong base b) Weak acid + its salt of weak base
c) Strong acid + its salt of weak base d) Weak acid + its salt of strong base
976. Which of the following acids will have lowest value of p𝐾𝑎 ?
CH3 CHCOOH
a) CH3 CH2 COOH b) |
Br
CH3 CHCOOH
c) | d) FCH2 CH2 COOH
F
977. 2 moles of PCl5 were heated in a closed vessel of 2 L capacity. At equilibrium 40% of PCl5 is dissociated
into PCl3 and Cl2 . The value of equilibrium constant is
a) 0.266 b) 0.366 c) 2.66 d) 3.66
978. p𝐾𝑎 of a weak acid is defined as
1 1 1
a) log10 𝐾𝑎 b) c) log10 d) − log10
log10 𝐾𝑎 𝐾𝑎 𝐾𝑎
979. For a reaction equilibrium, N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g), the concentrations of N2 O4 and NO2 at
equilibrium are 4.8 × 10−2 and 1.2 × 10−2 mol/L respectively. The value of 𝐾𝑐 for the reaction is
a) 3 × 10−3 mol/L b) 3.3 × 10−3 mol/L c) 3 × 10−1 mol/L d) 3.3 × 10−1 mol/L
980. If α is the degree of ionisation, 𝐶 the concentration of a weak electrolyte and 𝐾𝑎 the acid ionisation
constant then the correct relationship between α, 𝐶 and 𝐾𝑎 is
𝐾𝑎 𝐶 𝐾 𝐶
a) α2 = √ b) α2 = √ c) α = √ 𝑎 d) α = √
𝐶 𝐾𝑎 𝐶 𝐾𝑎
981. Which of the following behaves as Lewis acid and not as Bronsted acid?
a) HCl b) H2 SO4 c) HSO−3 d) SO3
982. If little heat is added to ice ⇌ liquid equilibrium in a sealed container, then:
a) Pressure will rise b) Temperature will rise c) Temperature will fall d) No change in 𝑃 and 𝑇
983. An aqueous solution in which the H + ion concentration is greater than 10−7 M is said to be
a) Acidic b) Alkaline c) Neutral d) None of these
984. The conjugate base of H2 SO4 in the following reaction is:
H2 SO4 + H2 O ⇌ H3 O+ + HSO− 4
a) H2 O b) HSO−4 c) H3 O+ d) SO2−
4
985. For the reaction, H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI, the equilibrium concentration of H2 , I2 and HI are 8.0, 3.0 and
28.0 mol/L respectively. The equilibrium constant is
a) 28.34 b) 32.66 c) 34.78 d) 38.88
986. HClO is a weak acid. The concentrations of [H ] ions in 0.1 𝑀 solution of HClO (𝐾𝑎 = 5 × 10−8 ) will be
+

equal to:
a) 7.07 × 10−5 𝑀 b) 5 × 10−7 𝑀 c) 6 × 10−7 𝑀 d) 7 × 10−4 𝑀
987. At a certain temperature, 2HI ⇌ H2 + I2 only 50% HI is dissociated at equilibrium. The equilibrium
constant is :
a) 1.0 b) 3.0 c) 0.5 d) 0.25
988. Aqueous solution of CH3 COOH contains:
a) CH3 COOH, H + b) CH3 COO− , H3 O+ , CH3 COOH
c) CH3 COO− , H3 O+ , H + d) CH3 COOH, CH3 COO− , H +
989. In the manufacture of ammonia by Haber’s process,
N2 (g) + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 (g) + 92.3 kJ
Which of the following condition is unfavourable?
a) Increasing the temperature
b) Increasing the pressure

P a g e | 72
 c) Reducing the temperature
d) Removing ammonia as it is formed
990. If CuSO4 . 5H2 O(𝑠) ⇌ CuSO4 . 3H2 O(𝑠) + 2H2 O(𝑣) 𝐾𝑝 = 1.086 x 10−4 atm2 at 25C. The efflorescent nature of
CuSO4 . 5H2 O can be noticed when vapour pressure of H2 O in atmosphere is :
a) > 7.92 mm b) < 7.92 mm c) ≷ 7.92 mm d) None of these
991. Conjugate acid-base pair differs by a/an:
a) Electron b) Electron pair c) Proton d) Neutron
992. The hydrogen ion concentration in a solution of weak acid of dissociation constant 𝐾𝑎 and concentration 𝑐
is nearly equal to:
𝐾 𝑐
a) √ 𝑎 b) c) 𝐾𝑎 𝑐 d) √𝐾𝑎 𝑐
𝑐 𝐾𝑎
993. For the liquefaction of gas, the favourable conditions are:
a) Low 𝑇 and high 𝑃
b) Low 𝑇 and low 𝑃
c) Low 𝑇 and high 𝑃 and a catalyst
d) Low 𝑇and catalyst
994. 0.5 M ammonium benzoate is hydrolysed to 0.25 percent, hence, its hydrolysis constant is
a) 2.5 × 10−5 b) 1.5 × 10−4 c) 3.125 × 10−6 d) 6.25 × 10−6
995. For the equilibrium, CaCO3 (𝑠) ⇌ CaO(𝑠) + CO2 (g), which of the following expression is correct?
𝐾𝑝
𝐾𝑝 𝐾𝑝 = (𝑝CaO + 𝑝CO2 )
a) b) c) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝CO2 d) = (𝑝CaO
= [CaO][CO2 ]/ [CaCO3 ] /𝑃CaCO3
+ 𝑝CO2 /𝑝CaCO3 )
996. When NaNO3 is heated in a closed vessel, O2 is liberated and NaNO2 is left behind. At equilibrium,
(i)Addition of NaNO3 favours forward reaction
(ii) Addition of NaNO2 favours backward reaction
(iii) Increasing pressure favours reverse reaction
(iv) Increasing temperature favours forward reaction
Correct option is
a) (i), (ii), (iii) b) (ii), (iii), (iv) c) (i), (iii), (iv) d) (i), (ii) (iii), (iv)
997. Given pH of a solution 𝐴 is 3 and it is mixed with another solution 𝐵 having pH 2. After mixing are
resultant pH of the solution will be
a) 3.2 b) 1.9 c) 3.4 d) 3.5
998. To neutralise completely 20 mL of 0.1 𝑀 aqueous solution of phosphorus acid H3 PO3 , the volume of
0.1 𝑀 KOH solution required is:
a) 60 mL b) 20 mL c) 40 mL d) 10 mL
999. The relation between equilibrium constant 𝐾𝑝 and 𝐾𝑐 is
𝐾 ∆𝑛g
a) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛g b) 𝐾𝑐 = 𝐾𝑝 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛g c) 𝐾𝑝 = ( 𝑐 ) d) 𝐾𝑝 − 𝐾𝑐 = (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛g
𝑅𝑇
100 On mixing equal volumes of two buffer solutions of pH value 3 and 5, the pH of the resultant
0. solution will be
a) 3.3 b) 4.0 c) 4.7 d) 5.3

P a g e | 73
Session : 2025-26 AS PER NEW NTA SYLLABUS
Total Questions :1020

JEE/NEET CHEMISTRY
7.EQUILIBRIUM

: ANSWER KEY :
1) d 2) a 3) a 4) a 153) a 154) d 155) c 156) d
5) c 6) b 7) a 8) d 157) c 158) b 159) c 160) b
9) d 10) d 11) b 12) a 161) b 162) c 163) d 164) d
13) c 14) d 15) c 16) c 165) a 166) b 167) c 168) d
17) a 18) c 19) a 20) d 169) d 170) d 171) a 172) b
21) b 22) c 23) a 24) a 173) b 174) a 175) b 176) b
25) c 26) c 27) b 28) a 177) d 178) a 179) c 180) c
29) d 30) d 31) c 32) b 181) b 182) c 183) a 184) d
33) b 34) a 35) a 36) d 185) a 186) a 187) a 188) a
37) c 38) b 39) a 40) b 189) b 190) b 191) b 192) a
41) a 42) a 43) a 44) c 193) d 194) d 195) c 196) a
45) d 46) b 47) c 48) d 197) a 198) b 199) d 200) d
49) b 50) d 51) d 52) a 201) b 202) c 203) a 204) c
53) a 54) d 55) a 56) a 205) b 206) b 207) a 208) a
57) d 58) c 59) d 60) a 209) b 210) a 211) a 212) d
61) b 62) c 63) b 64) c 213) d 214) b 215) d 216) b
65) a 66) b 67) a 68) d 217) b 218) c 219) b 220) a
69) d 70) a 71) d 72) c 221) c 222) b 223) a 224) b
73) a 74) d 75) a 76) d 225) b 226) c 227) b 228) b
77) d 78) d 79) a 80) d 229) c 230) d 231) b 232) d
81) b 82) b 83) a 84) a 233) a 234) d 235) b 236) c
85) b 86) c 87) c 88) a 237) a 238) a 239) a 240) a
89) a 90) b 91) a 92) d 241) b 242) d 243) a 244) b
93) b 94) c 95) b 96) b 245) c 246) a 247) b 248) a
97) a 98) a 99) c 100) c 249) d 250) a 251) d 252) a
101) c 102) d 103) b 104) a 253) d 254) b 255) d 256) d
105) a 106) c 107) b 108) a 257) b 258) a 259) c 260) d
109) d 110) a 111) b 112) a 261) c 262) b 263) c 264) b
113) c 114) b 115) c 116) b 265) b 266) d 267) d 268) c
117) a 118) b 119) b 120) c 269) c 270) d 271) b 272) d
121) a 122) b 123) b 124) a 273) c 274) c 275) c 276) c
125) c 126) d 127) b 128) c 277) a 278) b 279) b 280) a
129) b 130) c 131) d 132) c 281) a 282) c 283) c 284) c
133) d 134) a 135) d 136) d 285) c 286) d 287) d 288) b
137) b 138) c 139) d 140) c 289) d 290) d 291) b 292) c
141) b 142) d 143) a 144) c 293) c 294) c 295) a 296) c
145) a 146) a 147) b 148) d 297) a 298) d 299) c 300) d
149) c 150) c 151) a 152) c 301) a 302) a 303) a 304) d

P a g e | 74
305) c 306) b 307) d 308) a 505) a 506) d 507) b 508) a
309) d 310) c 311) c 312) d 509) a 510) b 511) c 512) d
313) b 314) a 315) c 316) c 513) d 514) d 515) b 516) a
317) a 318) d 319) c 320) d 517) a 518) d 519) d 520) c
321) b 322) d 323) c 324) d 521) b 522) b 523) b 524) d
325) a 326) a 327) d 328) d 525) d 526) b 527) a 528) b
329) a 330) c 331) a 332) d 529) a 530) d 531) d 532) b
333) b 334) b 335) a 336) d 533) d 534) b 535) d 536) d
337) a 338) a 339) c 340) d 537) b 538) a 539) d 540) a
341) d 342) b 343) c 344) d 541) d 542) d 543) d 544) a
345) c 346) a 347) a 348) d 545) a 546) b 547) a 548) b
349) c 350) c 351) d 352) b 549) b 550) a 551) a 552) a
353) a 354) a 355) d 356) b 553) a 554) b 555) d 556) d
357) d 358) d 359) a 360) d 557) a 558) c 559) c 560) a
361) a 362) c 363) c 364) a 561) c 562) d 563) a 564) b
365) b 366) d 367) c 368) a 565) c 566) a 567) a 568) b
369) d 370) d 371) a 372) a 569) d 570) a 571) a 572) c
373) b 374) c 375) a 376) b 573) c 574) b 575) c 576) d
377) d 378) a 379) b 380) a 577) b 578) c 579) c 580) c
381) a 382) d 383) b 384) b 581) a 582) d 583) c 584) a
385) a 386) d 387) a 388) c 585) a 586) a 587) c 588) d
389) a 390) b 391) a 392) a 589) d 590) b 591) b 592) d
393) c 394) c 395) c 396) a 593) b 594) b 595) b 596) a
397) c 398) b 399) c 400) a 597) c 598) a 599) d 600) c
401) a 402) a 403) b 404) a 601) d 602) b 603) d 604) a
405) a 406) b 407) c 408) c 605) d 606) c 607) d 608) c
409) b 410) c 411) b 412) b 609) a 610) b 611) a 612) d
413) d 414) c 415) a 416) c 613) a 614) b 615) c 616) b
417) c 418) d 419) d 420) c 617) a 618) d 619) c 620) a
421) c 422) b 423) b 424) b 621) a 622) a 623) a 624) c
425) b 426) a 427) a 428) c 625) a 626) d 627) d 628) d
429) d 430) b 431) a 432) d 629) d 630) c 631) b 632) a
433) b 434) c 435) d 436) a 633) a 634) b 635) c 636) b
437) a 438) c 439) d 440) c 637) c 638) d 639) c 640) a
441) b 442) c 443) b 444) a 641) c 642) c 643) b 644) a
445) b 446) c 447) c 448) b 645) a 646) c 647) c 648) a
449) a 450) b 451) a 452) c 649) b 650) a 651) a 652) c
453) b 454) b 455) d 456) a 653) d 654) c 655) b 656) a
457) c 458) d 459) b 460) c 657) a 658) b 659) c 660) b
461) a 462) a 463) b 464) c 661) b 662) c 663) c 664) c
465) a 466) c 467) b 468) c 665) a 666) a 667) a 668) c
469) b 470) d 471) d 472) b 669) b 670) a 671) a 672) c
473) c 474) b 475) b 476) c 673) b 674) b 675) a 676) a
477) b 478) d 479) c 480) c 677) a 678) c 679) d 680) b
481) a 482) d 483) a 484) c 681) b 682) b 683) b 684) c
485) c 486) b 487) a 488) b 685) b 686) c 687) a 688) a
489) b 490) d 491) d 492) d 689) c 690) b 691) c 692) d
493) b 494) c 495) b 496) a 693) d 694) a 695) b 696) d
497) b 498) c 499) a 500) d 697) a 698) c 699) c 700) b
501) d 502) b 503) c 504) c 701) a 702) a 703) d 704) b
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705) d 706) a 707) a 708) c 857) d 858) b 859) d 860) a
709) c 710) d 711) b 712) d 861) b 862) c 863) c 864) a
713) c 714) b 715) a 716) a 865) c 866) d 867) d 868) d
717) c 718) c 719) b 720) a 869) d 870) b 871) d 872) b
721) b 722) b 723) d 724) d 873) d 874) c 875) c 876) a
725) c 726) a 727) a 728) b 877) b 878) a 879) d 880) a
729) b 730) c 731) c 732) a 881) b 882) d 883) b 884) d
733) a 734) c 735) c 736) b 885) b 886) c 887) b 888) c
737) b 738) b 739) d 740) a 889) b 890) b 891) d 892) a
741) d 742) b 743) a 744) a 893) c 894) a 895) d 896) a
745) d 746) c 747) b 748) b 897) a 898) c 899) d 900) a
749) a 750) d 751) d 752) c 901) c 902) d 903) c 904) b
753) c 754) c 755) c 756) d 905) a 906) b 907) b 908) a
757) a 758) a 759) d 760) b 909) c 910) d 911) b 912) a
761) a 762) a 763) a 764) b 913) d 914) a 915) b 916) a
765) b 766) b 767) a 768) d 917) c 918) a 919) b 920) a
769) c 770) b 771) d 772) c 921) a 922) a 923) c 924) b
773) a 774) b 775) d 776) b 925) a 926) b 927) b 928) b
777) d 778) b 779) d 780) b 929) c 930) b 931) b 932) b
781) a 782) a 783) b 784) a 933) d 934) a 935) a 936) b
785) b 786) a 787) b 788) b 937) b 938) a 939) b 940) d
789) a 790) a 791) b 792) c 941) d 942) b 943) c 944) b
793) a 794) b 795) a 796) d 945) a 946) b 947) d 948) b
797) a 798) a 799) d 800) b 949) c 950) a 951) d 952) d
801) c 802) b 803) b 804) b 953) b 954) d 955) a 956) c
805) a 806) c 807) b 808) a 957) a 958) c 959) b 960) b
809) c 810) b 811) d 812) b 961) b 962) c 963) d 964) a
813) c 814) a 815) d 816) a 965) b 966) a 967) c 968) b
817) c 818) b 819) c 820) a 969) a 970) d 971) a 972) a
821) b 822) c 823) a 824) d 973) a 974) b 975) d 976) a
825) b 826) c 827) a 828) a 977) a 978) c 979) a 980) c
829) a 830) b 831) d 832) b 981) d 982) d 983) a 984) b
833) c 834) a 835) d 836) c 985) b 986) a 987) d 988) b
837) a 838) c 839) d 840) d 989) a 990) b 991) c 992) d
841) a 842) d 843) b 844) b 993) a 994) c 995) c 996) d
845) a 846) a 847) b 848) b 997) b 998) c 999) a 1000) a
849) a 850) b 851) a 852) b
853) b 854) b 855) c 856) d

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Session : 2025-26 AS PER NEW NTA SYLLABUS
Total Questions :1020

JEE/NEET CHEMISTRY
7.EQUILIBRIUM

: HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :

1 (d) ∆𝑛𝑔 = no. of moles of gaseous products – no.
HC2 H3 O2 + NaOH ⟶ C2 H3 O2 Na + H2 O of moles of gaseous reactants
1 0.5 0 0
0.5 0 0.5 0.5 =2-2=0
The solution contains weak acid + its conjugate 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 . (𝑅𝑇)0
base 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐
0.5 Mol 0.5 Mol 7 (a)
and thus, acts as buffer. NaH2 PO4 + H3 PO4 ; NaH2 PO4 +
2 (a) Na2 HPO4 ; Na2 HPO4 + Na3 PO4.
Aqueous solution of 1M NaCl and 1M HCl is 9 (d)
not a buffer but pH<7. M
pH of a solution ∝ [OH − ] Ca(OH)2 solution
3 (a) 4

Reaction is exothermic and volume is decreasing will give highest concentration of [OH − ].
from left to right, so for higher production of SO3 , Hence, it has highest pH.
there should be low temperature and high 10 (d)
pressure Salt Solubility Solubility
4 (a) product
The acid is called strong acid when it ionise 𝑀𝑋 𝑆12 = 4.0 × 𝑆1 = 2 ×
up to great extent 10−8 10−4
𝑖. 𝑒., if its 𝐾𝑎 value is large. 𝑀𝑋2 4𝑆23 = 3.2 × 𝑆2 = 2 ×
1 10−14 10−5
We know that p𝐾𝑎 = log 𝐾 𝑀3 𝑋 27𝑆34 = 2.7 × 𝑆3 = 1 ×
𝑎
5 (c) 10−15 10−4
[OH − ] = √𝐾𝑏 × C
Thus, solubility order= 𝑀𝑋 > 𝑀3 𝑋 > 𝑀𝑋2
= √1 × 10−5 × 10−1 11 (b)
= √10−6 = 10−3 Basic strength ∝ dissociation constant of base
𝐾𝑤 = [H + ][OH − ] (𝐾𝑏 ).
10−14 = [H + ][10−3 ] So, smaller the value of 𝐾𝑏 weaker will be the
[H + ] = 10−11 base.
Hence, pH = − log H + The weakest base will have smallest value of
= − log(1 × 10−11 ) = 11 𝐾𝑏 .
6 (b) ∵ C6 H5 NH2 (aniline) has smallest value of 𝐾𝑏
H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) ⇌ 2HCl(g) .
We know that, ∴ It is weakest base.
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 . (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛𝑔 12 (a)

P a g e | 77
 number of mole dissociated pOH = 6
𝛼=
total mole present pH + pOH = 14
10−7 pH + 6 = 14
= = 1.8 × 10−9 = 1.8 × 10−7 %
1000/18 pH = 14 − 6 = 8
1000
Total mole of H2 O in 1 litre = 18 21 (b)
13 (c) It has sextet of electron and can accept lone pair
A precipitate is formed when the ionic of electron.
product exceeds the solubility product. 22 (c)
i.e., [𝐴+ ][𝐵 − ] > 𝐾sp BF3 is electron deficient compound because B
14 (d) has six electrons in outermost orbit. It has
2HgNO3 + 2HCl ⟶ Hg 2 Cl2 + 2HNO3 ; incomplete octet. So, it is an electron deficient
Hg 2 Cl2 in insoluble in water. molecule.
15 (c) 23 (a)
Lewis bases are electrons rich compounds. Metal oxides are basic, non-metal oxides are
acidic. CaO is more basic than CuO. Water (H2 O) is
(i) are Lewis bases because they amphoteric.
have lone pair of electron. 24 (a)
(ii)AlCl3 is Lewis acid because it can accept The acidic character of oxy-acids decreases down
electrons. the group and increases along the period. Also
16 (c) higher ox.no. of non-metal in oxy-acid shows
Ba(NO3 )2givesNO− 3 , Ba
2+
ions, hence Ba2+ ion more acidic nature.
increases. To keep 𝐾sp constant, [F − ] decreases. 25 (c)
1
Thus, it is represented as [F − ] Follow Arrhenius concept.
2
27 (b)
18 (c) 0.04
As equation ‘III’ is obtained on adding 𝑁NaOH = = 10−4 𝑁
40 × 10
equation ‘I’ and equation ‘II’, so 𝐾3 = 𝐾1 . 𝐾2 . ∴ pOH = 4
19 (a) ∴ pH = 10
N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 28 (a)
0.1 0 initialy P4 (𝑠) + 5O2 (g) ⇌ P4 O10 (𝑠)
(0.1 − α) 2α at equilibrium [P4 O10 (𝑠)]
0.1 − α 2α 𝐾𝑐 =
[P4 (𝑠)][O2 (g)]5
𝑝 𝑝 at𝑝𝑖
0.1 + α 0.1 + α We know that concentration of a solid component
[NO2 ]2 is always taken as unity
𝐾𝑝 =
[N2 O4 ] 1
𝐾𝑐 =
2α × 𝑝 2 0.1 + α [O2 ]5
0.14 = ( ) ×( )𝑝
0.1 + α 0.1 − α 29 (d)
4α2 [HCl] = 10−8 𝑀, Being very dilute pH < 7.
= 𝑝
(0.1 + α)(0.1 − α) New concentration of,
4α 10−6
= ×1 HCl = = 10−8 𝑀
0.01 − α2 100
or α = 0.018 ∴ [H + ] = 10−18 + 10−7
Thus, [NO2 ] = 2 × 0.018 = 0.036 mol = 1.1 × 10−7 𝑀
20 (d) ∴ pH ≈ 7
From Henderson equation 30 (d)
[salt]
pOH = p𝐾𝑏 + log [base] A buffer solution is more effective in the pH range
of p𝐾𝑎 ± 1.
pH + pOH = 14 31 (c)
[1.0]
pOH = 5.0 + log [0.1] = 5 + log 10 = 5 + 1 From H2 O, [H + ] = 1 × 10−7 M

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 From HCl[H + ] = 1 × 10−8 M 𝑥 = 22% of 3.2
Total [H + ] = (1 × 10−7 + 1 × 10−8 )M 22 × 3.2
=
= (1 × 10−7 + 0.1 × 10−7 )M 100
= 0.704
= 1.1 × 10−7 M
Hence, number of moles of HI present at
pH = − log(1.1 × 10−7 ) = 6.9586 equilibrium
32 (b) = 3.2 − 𝑥
[Conjugate base]
pH = − log 𝐾𝑎 + log = 3.2 − 0.704
[Acid] = 2.496
33 (b) 39 (a)
100 mL of 0.01 M NaOH solution is diluted to 𝑛
Cl2 × 𝑛 PCl3 𝑝 1
1 dm3 (𝑖. 𝑒., 10 times diluted hence, the 𝐾𝑝 = 𝑛 PCl
× [ ]
5 ∑𝑛
resultant solution will be 0.001 M) 2 31
[OH − ] = 0.001 = 10−3 = 2 × ×[ ]
2 6
10−14 10−14 = 1 atm
[H + ] = = = 10−11
[OH− ] 10−3 40 (b)
+
pH = − log[H ] N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)
= − log[10−11 ] ∆𝑛 = 𝑛𝑝 − 𝑛𝑟
pH=11 = 2−4
34 (a) = −2
Only salts of (weak acid+ strong base) and ∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)−2
(strong acid + weak base) get hydrolysed 𝐾𝑐
or 𝐾𝑝 = (𝑅𝑇)
(𝑖. 𝑒., show alkalinity or acidity in water). 2

KClO4 a salt of strong acid and strong base, 𝐾𝑝 < 𝐾𝑐

therefore, it does not get hydrolysed in water. 41 (a)
KClO4 ⇌ K + + ClO− 𝐾2 ∆𝐻 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
4 𝐼𝑛 = [ ]
𝐾1 𝑅 𝑇1 𝑇2
1
𝐾 increase with or decreases with 𝑇 it is decided
𝑇
by ∆𝐻.
Here, 𝐾 decrease with 𝑇. Thus, ∆𝐻 = −ve.
42 (a)
CdSO4 + HCl + H2 S ⟶ CdS + H2 SO4
Millimole 0.1 10×0.08
added =0.8 0.1
0.8 0.1
Millimole
35 (a) after reaction
Higher is the value of 𝐾𝑐 or 𝐾𝑝 more is feasibility ∴ Millimole of H + left = 0.8 + 0.1 × 2 = 1.0
(from HCl) (from H2 SO4 )
for reaction to show forward reaction. Total volume = 100 mL
36 (d) 1
A +ve inductive effect of C6 H5 intensifies +ve ∴ [H + ] = = 10−2 𝑀
100
charge on N atom and thus, availability of co- ∴ pH = 2
ordination for electron pair decreases; The basic 43 (a)
character order is pH = − log[H + ] = − log[0.005]
C2 H5 NH2 > CH3 NH2 > NH3 > C6 H5 − NH2 = − log[5 × 10−3 ] = 2.3
37 (c) 44 (c)
Na2 HPO4 on hydrolysis of HPO2− 4 ion produces It is a case of simultaneous solubility of salts
free OH − ion in solution.
with a common ion. Here solubility product of
38 (b)
CuCl is much greater than that of AgCl, it can
2HI ⇌ H2 + I2
be assumed that Cl− in solution comes mainly
3.2 0 0 initially
3.2 − 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 at equilibrium from CuCl.

P a g e | 79
 ⇒ [Cl− ] = √𝐾sp (CuCl) = 10−3 M increased volume. Due to which, the
Now for AgCl ∶ 𝐾sp = 1.6 × 10 −10 equilibrium will shift towards the left hand
= [Ag + ][Cl− ] side (LHS) i.e., reaction goes in back direction.
54 (d)
= [Ag + ] × 10−3
Hard base is that anion which is small and difficult
⇒ [Ag + ] = 1.6 × 10−7
to polarise.
45 (d)
55 (a)
2𝐴𝐵3 (g) ⇌ 𝐴2 (g) + 3𝐵2 (g)
HSO− 4 is an acid and conjugate base of H2 SO4 .
t=0 8 0 0
At.eqilibrium: (8−𝑎) 𝑎/2 3𝑎 56 (a)
2
[𝐴2 ][𝐵2 ]3 𝑎
An increase in temperature favours endothermic
Thus, 𝐾𝑐 = [𝐴𝐵3 ]2
; Also, = 2 ∴ 𝑎 =4 reaction whereas an increase in pressure favours
2
4 2 6 the reaction showing decrease in mole or volume.
∴ [𝐴𝐵3 ] = 1 ; [𝐴2 ] = 1 ; [𝐵2 ] = 1
57 (d)
2 × 63
Thus, 𝐾𝑐 = = 27 mol2 L−2 𝐾𝑠𝑝 for AgCl = 𝑠 2 .
42
46 (b) 58 (c)
Find solubility for each separately by 𝑠 2 = 𝐾𝑠𝑝 for According to Le-Chatelier’s principle when a
MnS and ZnS, 108𝑠 5 = 𝐾𝑠𝑝 for Bi2 S3 and 4 𝑠 3 = system at equilibrium is subjected to change
𝐾𝑠𝑝 for Ag 2 S. in pressure, temperature or concentration
47 (c) then the equilibrium is disturbed and shifts in
1 1 a direction where the effect of change is
𝐾𝑐1 = = = 4.2 × 102
𝐾𝑐2 2.4 × 10−3 annuled.
48 (d) Ice ⇌ water
Li3 Na3 (AlF6 )2 = 3Li+ + 3Na+ + 2AlF63− When pressure is increased in this system,
∴ 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = (3𝑎)3 (3𝑎)3 (2𝑎2 ) = 2916a8. the melting point of ice is decreased 𝑖. 𝑒., more
49 (b) ice melts and more water is formed.
Dissociation constant 59 (d)
H2 O ⇌ H + + OH − : [H + ] = OH − = 1 × ∵ 2SO3 ⇌ 2SO2 + O2
10−7 M (1 − 0.6) 0.6 0.3
And [H2 O]=1 g/mL = 1000 gL−1 [SO2 ]2 [O2 ] 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.3
1000 𝐾𝑐 = = = 0.675
= mol L−1 = 55.56 M [SO3 ]2 0.4 × 0.4
18
[H+ ][OH− ] 10−14
60 (a)
𝐾= = CaCO3 (𝑠) ⇌ CaO(𝑠) + CO2 (g)
H2 O 55.6
𝐾𝑤 = 1 × 10−14 Mole before 20
0 0
dissociation 10035 20 65 20 65
So, 𝐾𝑤 = 55.6 × 𝐾 Mole after 20
[
[
×
× ] [
]
× ]
100 100 100 100
dissociation 100 100
50 (d) 20 × 65
∴ Mole of CO2 formed = 104
= 1.3 × 10−1
2 𝐾
𝐾𝑎 = 𝐶α and α = √ 𝑎 ∵ 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
𝐶
1.3 × 10−1
10−5 𝑝CO2 = × 0.0821 × 1073
α = √ −1 = 10−2 10
10 = 1.145 atm
51 (d) Now, 𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝CO2 = 1.145 atm
3
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 4𝑠 3 = 4 × (√3) = 12√3. 61 (b)
52 (a) 2NOBr(g) ⇌ 2NO + Br2
1 1 6𝑃 2𝑃 𝑃
pH = 2 [p𝐾𝑎1 + p𝐾𝑎2 ] and pH = 2 [p𝐾𝑎2 + p𝐾𝑎3 ]. 9 9 9
6𝑃 2𝑃 𝑃
53 (a) Total pressure =
9
+
9
+ =P
9
In the given equilibrium reaction, if inert gas (𝑃NO )2 (𝑃Br2 ) (2𝑃/9)2 (𝑃/9) 𝑃
𝐾𝑃 = = =
is added at constant pressure, it will result in (𝑃NOBr ) 2 6𝑃 2 81
(9)
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62 (c) MgCl2 + 2NaOH ⟶ Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
mM before reaction 10 20 0 0
3
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 4𝑠 mM after reaction 0 0 10 20
1/3
1.2 × 10−5 Thus, 10 m mole of Mg(OH)2 are formed. The
or 𝑠 = [ ] = 1.44 × 10−2 product of [Mg 2+ ][OH − ]2 is therefore
4
10 20 2
∴ [𝑀+ ] = 1.44 × 10−2 × 2 [200] × [200] = 5 × 10−4 which is more than 𝐾𝑠𝑝
= 2.88 × 10−2 𝑀. of Mg(OH)2 . Now, solubility (𝑠) of Mg(OH)2 can
63 (b) be derived by 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 4𝑠 3
Due to back bonding (BF3 shows maximum
72 (c)
tendency due to small size of F).
At chemical equilibrium, rate of forward
64 (c)
reaction is equal to the rate of backward
Cr(OH)3 ⇌ Cr 3+ + 3OH −
reaction.
For precipitate to be dissolved,
𝐾sp ≤ [Cr 3+ ][OH − ]3 73 (a)
−31 [0.1][OH − ]3 Acidic nature is
or 6 × 10 ≤
∴ [OH ] ≥ 1.79 × 10−10
− 𝑅COOH > CH ≡ CH > NH3 > 𝑅H
10−14 Stronger is acid, weaker is its conjugate base.
So, [H + ] ≤ 1.79×10−10 ≤ 5.59 × 10−5
74 (d)
pH ≥ − log(5.59 × 10−5 ) or pH ≥ In the expression for equilibrium constant
4.253 (𝐾𝑝 or 𝐾𝑐 ) species in solid state are not
65 (a) written (𝑖. 𝑒., their molar concentrations are
KCN is a salt of weak acid and strong base taken as 1)
hence, on being dissolved in water gives basic P4 (𝑠) + 5O2 (g) ⇌ P4 O10 (𝑠)
solution 𝑖. 𝑒., pH > 7 at 25℃ . 1
Thus, 𝐾𝑐 = [O
66 (b) 2]
5

NH4 Cl is acidic due to hydrolysis of NH4+ ; 75 (a)

NH4+ + H2 O ⇌ NH4 OH + H + ; pH < 7. Reversible reaction always attains equilibrium and
67 (a) never go for completion.
When the number of moles of gaseous 76 (d)
[CO2 ]
reactants and products is same, then 𝐾𝑐 =
[CO]
equilibrium is not affected by pressure and
[CO2 ]
hence, the equilibrium constant is unaffected. ∴5=
2.5 × 10-2
68 (d) ∴ [CO2 ] = 0.125 𝑀
Glycine, the simplest amino acid (CH2 NH2 COOH) 77 (d)
has the tendency to donate H + by −COOH gp. and H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI
the tendency to donate lone pair by N-atom of
Initial 0.4 0.4 0
−NH2 gp. and also exists as Zwitter ion.
At equilibrium 0.4-0.25 0.4-0.25 0.05
H2 NCH2 ∙ COOH ⇌ H3 N + CH2 COO−
=0.15 =0.15
69 (d)
[HI]2
H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI 𝐾𝑐 = [H ][I ]
2 2
[HI] = 0.80, [H2 ] = 0.10, [I2 ] = 0.10 0.50 2
2 ( ) 0.5×0.5
[HI] 0.80 × 0.80 = 0.15
2
0.15 = 0.15×0.15 = 11.11
𝐾𝑐 = = = 64 ( )( )
[H2 ][I2 ] 0.10 × 0.10 2 2

70 (a) 78 (d)
+
[H ] = 10 𝑀−1 We know that,
𝑤
∴ = 10−1 [H + ] = 10−pH = 10−5
36.5
or 𝑤 = 36.5 × 10−1 = 3.65 g
71 (d)

P a g e | 81
 actual concentration = 0.2%
α = molar concentration
79 (a)
More is pH, more basic is solution.
10−5 80 (d)
= = 0.2 × 10−2 Both Arrhenius and Bronsted bases are source of
0.005
H + Arrhenius base (OH − furnish) may not be
capable of accepting proton (𝑖. 𝑒., Bronsted based).
H + exists as H9+ O4.
∴ Percentage ionisation = 0.2 × 10−2 × 100

81 (b)
CH2 FCOOH = CH2 FCOO− + H +
Mole before dissociation 1 0 0
Mole after dissociation (1−α) 𝛼 𝛼

Given, [H + ] = 𝑐𝛼 = 1.5 × 10−3 mol litre−1

(𝑐𝛼)(𝑐𝛼) 𝑐𝛼 2
∵ 𝐾𝑎 = =
𝑐(1 − 𝛼) (1 − 𝛼)
1.5 × 10−3 × 𝛼
2.6 × 10−3 =
(1 − 𝛼)
∴ 𝛼 = 0.634
Now, 𝑐𝛼 = 1.50 × 10−3
1.50 × 10−3
∴ 𝑐= = 2.37 × 10−3 𝑀
0.634
Note: Since 𝐾𝑎 is of the order of 10−3 𝑀 and thus, it is not advisable to use 𝐾𝑎 = 𝑐𝛼 2 . Because (1 − 𝛼) is not
equal to 1 since 𝛼 is not small.

82 (b) BaCl2 ⟶ Ba2+ + 2Cl−

For oxoacids of the same element, the acidic Let the solubility of BaCl2 is 𝑥 mol/L
strength increases with increase in the oxidation ∴ 𝐾sp = [Ba2+ ][Cl− ]2
number of the element
= (𝑥) × (2𝑥)2
= 𝑥 × 4𝑥 2 = 4𝑥 3
or solubility of BaCl2 =
83 (a) (solubility product of BaCl2 )1⁄3
HNO3 (nitric acid) is generally not an 4
1⁄3
amphoteric substance. It is a strong acid (4×10−9 )
=
(proton-donating) though sometimes, in 4

presence of stronger acid, it also acts as a = 10−3 mol/L

88 (a)
base (e.g., in nitration of atomic compounds,
Addition of sodium acetate in acetic acid
it acts as a base and accept proton from
solution, due to common ion NH4+ the
H2 SO4 ). However HCO3− , H2 O and NH3
ionisation of acetic acid is supressed so
frequently act both as an acid as well as a
concentration of [H + ] decreases. Hence, pH of
base (i.e., amphoteric in nature).
85 (b)
solution increases.
89 (a)
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)−1/2
AB2 ⇌ A+ + 2B −
∵ ∆𝑛 = −1/2
1 × 10−3 2 × 10−3
86 (c)
K sp = [1 × 10−3 ][2 × 10−3 ]2 = 4 × 10−9
Le-Chatelier’s principle is not valid for solid-solid
equilibrium. 90 (b)
NaHCO3 + NaOH ⟶ Na2 CO3 + H2 O.
87 (c) Acid salt Base

P a g e | 82
91 (a) NaCl ⇌ Na+ + Cl−
0.1 M 0.1 M
[Cl− ]
= (𝑥 + 0.1) M
𝐾sp of AgCl = [Ag + ][Cl− ]
Formation of
SO3 (sulphur trioxide)from SO2 and O2 is = 𝑥 × (𝑥 + 0.1)
−10
accompanied by decrease in volume. So, 1 × 10 = 𝑥 2 + 0.1𝑥
increase in pressure favours SO3 formation Higher power of 𝑥 are neglecated
(also due to Le-Chatelier’s principle). 1 × 10−10 = 0.1𝑥
92 (d) 𝑥 = 1 × 10−9 M
NH4 HS(s) ⇌ NH3 (g) + H2 S(g) 100 (c)
at t=0 0.5 0 For reaction, 2SO3 ⇌ O2 + 2SO2
𝑎𝑡 𝑡=𝑒𝑞. 𝑃
0.5+𝑃 Here, ∆𝑛g = 3 − 2 = 1, 𝑖𝑒, +ve, thus, 𝐾𝑝 is more
PT = 0.5 + 𝑃 + 𝑃 = 0.84
than 𝐾𝑐 [∵ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛g ]
∴ 𝑃 = 0.17 atm
101 (c)
𝐾𝑝 = 𝑃NH3 × 𝑃H2 S = (0.5 + 0.17) × 0.17
𝑠 = √𝐾𝑠𝑝 = √36 = 6𝑀.
= 0.11 atm
93 (b) 102 (d)
𝐾𝑤
[H + ][OH − ] = 10−14 𝐾ℎ = 𝐾𝑏
[10−2 ][OH − ] = 10−14 where 𝐾𝑤 =ionic product of water
10−14
[OH − ] = = 1 × 10−14
10−2
−12 𝐾𝑏 =degree of dissociation of NH4 OH =
= 10 mol dm−3
94 (c) 1.8 × 10−5
1×10−14
It is condition for chemical equilibrium. 𝐾ℎ = 1.8×10−5
95 (b)
= 0.555 × 10−9
Solution of CuSO4 is acidic due to hydrolysis of
= 5.55 × 10−10
Cu2+ ion.
103 (b)
97 (a)
Let 𝑉 mL of 0.1 𝑀 HCOONa be mixed to 50 mL of
[H + ]I = 10−5
0.05 𝑀 HCOOH.
[H + ]II = 10−2
Total millimole
+ 10−2 [∵ [ ] = ]
Thus, increase in [H ] = 10−5 = 1000 times. Total volume
98 (a) 0.1 × 𝑉
∴ In mixture [HCOONa] =
According to Lewis acid is any species (𝑉 + 50)
50 × 0.05
(molecule, radial or ion) that can accept an ∴ [HCOOH] =
𝑉 + 50
electron pair to form a coordinate covalent [Conjugate base]
bond. Thus, acid is an electron deficient ∵ pH = − log 𝐾𝑎 + log
[Acid]
species e.g., BF3 , AlCl3 , SO3 and all cations etc. (0.1 × 𝑉)(𝑉 + 50)
∴ 4.0 = 3.80 + log
2.5/(𝑉 + 50)
∴ 𝑉 = 39.62 mL.
104 (a)
Or AlCl−
4
HA (a weak acid) ionises as
99 (c)
𝐾sp of AgCl = (solubility of AgCl)2 H𝐴 ⇌ H + + 𝐴−
1 0 0
= (1 × 10−5 )2 = 1 × 10−10 −5 −5
(1 − 10 ) 10 10−5
Suppose its solubility in 0.1 M
[𝐴− ] = [H + ] = 10−pH = 10−5 M
NaCl is 𝑥 mol⁄L
[𝐻 + ][𝐴− ] 10−5 ×10−5 10−10
AgCl ⇌ Ag + + Cl− 𝐾𝑎 = = =
[𝐻𝐴] (1−10−5 ) 1
𝑥 𝑥 −5
(∴ 1 >>> 10 )
P a g e | 83
 =1 × 10−10 M [𝐶]
𝐾=
105 (a) [𝐴]3 [𝐵]2
PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) 112 (a)
(1 − 𝑥) 𝑥 𝑥 H𝐴 ⇌ H + + 𝐴−
Total number of moles at equilibrium 𝐾 = 𝐶α2
= 0.1 × (10−5 )2
= (1 − 𝑥) + 𝑥 + 𝑥
= 0.1 × 10−10 or 1 × 10−11
= 1+𝑥
𝑥
113 (c)
𝑝PCl3 = (1+𝑥) × 𝑝 2
𝑝CO 4×4
𝐾𝑝 = = =8
106 (c) 𝑝CO2 2
𝐾
2.303 log 𝐾2 =
∆𝐻 [𝑇2 −𝑇1]
, 114 (b)
1 𝑅 𝑇1 𝑇2 normal.mol.wt.
∆𝐻 = +ve for the reaction, =1+α
exp.mol.wt.
N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO. For, NH4Cl ⇌ NH3 + HCl;
107 (b) ∵α=1
25 × 0.01 + 25 × 0.02 ∴ Exp. Mol.wt. =
normal.mol.wt.
Now [H + ] = 2
50
0.75 115 (c)
= = 0.015 𝑀 Al(OH)3 is weak base than Mg(OH)2 . Hydroxides
50
and thus, pH will decrease, as [H + ] increases. of I and II group metals are strong base, stronger
108 (a) is base, weaker is its conjugate acid.
Carbon cannot expand its octet. 116 (b)
109 (d) 𝐾𝑝 and 𝐾𝑐 values do not change with catalyst.
N of NH3 possesses lone pair of electron available 117 (a)
for donation. ∆𝐻 = 𝐸𝑎(𝑓) − 𝐸𝑎(𝑏) = 180 − 200
110 (a) = −20 kJ mol−1 (in absence of
2NH3 ⇌ N2 + 3H2 catalyst)
Initial moles 𝑎 0 0 ∴ ∆𝐻 = 𝐸𝑎(𝑓) − 𝐸𝑎(𝑏)
At equilibrium(𝑎 − 2𝑥) 𝑥 3𝑥 = [180 − 100] − [200 − 100]
Initial pressure of NH3 of ‘𝑎’mole =
= −20 kJ mol−1 (in presence
15 atm at 27℃. The pressure of ’𝑎’ mole of NH3 =
of catalyst)
𝑝 atm at 347℃
Catalyst’s have no influence on ∆𝐻
15 𝑝
∴ = 118 (b)
300 620
∴ 𝑝 = 31 atm C(𝑠) + H2 O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + H2 (g); Here, ∆𝑛 >
At constant volume and at 347℃, 1
mole ∝ pressure Hence, decrease of pressure shifts the
𝑎 ∝ 31 (before equilibrium) equilibrium in forward direction and increase
∴ (𝑎 − 2𝑥) ∝ 50 (after equilibrium) of pressure shift the equilibrium in backward
(𝑎 − 2𝑥) 50 (reverse) direction.
∴ =
𝑎 31 119 (b)
19
∴𝑥= 𝑎 20% mixture reacts to form 10% NH3 ;
62 Thus, 80% mixture and 10% NH3 left or total
2𝑥
∴ % of NH3 decomposed = 𝑎 × 100 pressure left = 90 atm, since 100% mixture has
2 × 19𝑎 100 atm.
= × 100
62 × 𝑎 120 (c)
= 61.33% C2 H5 O− is conjugate strong base of C2 H5 OH.
111 (b) 121 (a)
Equilibrium constant for the reaction, Borate ions are hydrolysed to develop alkaline
3𝐴 + 2𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶, is nature in solution.
123 (b)
P a g e | 84
 For a buffer solution, pH is given by 𝐾sp = [Pb2+ ][OH − ]2 = 𝑆 × (2𝑆)2
Henderson equation. 𝐾sp = 4𝑠 3 = 4 × (6.7 × 10−6 )3
[salt]
pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log [acid] = 1.20 × 10−15
hence, pH is least when concentration of acid In a solution with pH=8
is higher than that of salt. [H + ] = 10−8
124 (a) and [OH − ] = 10−6
Phenolphthalein is good indicator in the range of 1.20 × 10−15 = [Pb2+ ][10−6 ]2
pH 8 to 9.8. 1.2×10−15
[Pb2+ ] = [10−6 ]2
125 (c)
𝑁1 𝑉1 +𝑁2 𝑉2 = 1.2 × 10−3 M
𝑁= 𝑉1 +𝑉2 132 (c)
(∵ for HCl 𝑁 = 𝑀) I2 (g) ⇌ 2I(g)
0.015×100+0.005×100
= ∆𝑛 = 𝑛𝑝 − 𝑛𝑟
100+100
1.5+1.5 1 = 2−1 =1
= = 100 = 10−2
200 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)
Resulting solution is acidic in nature.
2BrCl(g) ⇌ Cl2 (g) + Br2 (g)
Then, [H + ] = 10−2
∆𝑛 = 0
pH = − log[H + ]
1 1 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)0
= log = log 10−2
[H+ ] 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐
= 2 log 10 CO(g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ CH4 (g) + H2 O(g)
=2 ∆𝑛 = 2 − 4 = −2
126 (d) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)−2
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = [𝐴3+ ]2 [𝑋 2− ]3 = (2𝑦)2 (3𝑦)3 = 108 𝑦 5
𝐾𝑝 < 𝐾𝑐
127 (b)
133 (d)
Solubility of BaSO4 = √𝐾𝑠𝑝 When the value of ionic product is greater than
= √1.1 × 10−10 the solubility product, precipitation takes place
= 1.05 × 10−5 𝑀 134 (a)
∴ wt. of BaSO4 = 1.05 × 10−5 × 233 BOH ⇌ 𝐵+ + OH −
(1−𝛼) 𝑐𝛼 𝑐𝛼
or 𝑤BaSO4 = 244.37 × 10−5 g/litre [B + ][OH − ]
∴ Volume of water needed to dissolve 1 g. 𝐾𝑏 = = [OH − ]2
BOH
1
BaSO4 is equal to 244.37×10−5 = 410 litre. ∴ [OH − ] = 1.0 × 10−6 𝑀.
128 (c) 135 (d)
Addition of inert gas at constant volume does not As the solution is acidic pH < 7. This is because
influence the equilibrium concentration. [H + ] from H2 O[10−7 ]M cannot be neglected in
129 (b) comparison to 10−9 M
H4 Cl(𝑠) ⇌ NH4+ (𝑎𝑞) + Cl− (𝑎𝑞); ∆𝐻 = 136 (d)
pH = 12
+3.5 kcal/mol
∴ pOH = 2
This is the endothermic reaction hence,
10−2
increasing the temperature will shift the or [OH − ] = 10−2 ; ∴ [Ba2+ ] =
2
equilibrium to the right. 10 −2
130 (c) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 Ba(OH)2 = [Ba2+ ][OH − ]2 = × (10−2 )2
2
𝐾sp of BaSO4 = 1.5 × 10−9 : [Ba2+ ] = 0.01 M = 5 × 10−7 𝑀3 .
1.5 × 10−9 137 (b)
[SO2−
4 ]= = 1.5 × 10−7
0.01 2NH3 ⇌ NH4+ + NH2− (self ionisation)
131 (d) and 𝐾 = [NH4+ ][NH2− ]
Pb(OH)2 ⇌ Pb2+ + 2OH − ∴ [NH4+ ] = [NH2− ]

P a g e | 85
 ∴ [NH2− ] = √𝐾 = √10−30 = 10−15 𝑀 𝑝 3 atm
𝑝 3
Number of amide ions in 103 cm3 = 10−15 × 6 × Partial pressure of 𝑋 1 atm.
3 3
1023 146 (a)
3 10−15 ×6×1023
∴ Number of amide ions in one cm = [NO ]
2 [NO]2 [O2 ]
103 𝐾1 = [NO][O ]
and 𝐾2 = [NO2 ]2
2
1
∴ 𝐾2 =
= 6 × 105 ions 𝐾12
138 (c) 147 (b)
𝐾 = 𝑘1 × 𝑘2 [NO]2
𝐾1 = ;
= 1.8 × 10−5 × 5.0 × 10−10 [N2 ][O2 ]
[NO]
= 5 × 10−15 𝐾2 = [N ]1/2 [O ]1/2 ;
2 2
139 (d) ∴ 𝐾1 = 𝐾22 .
Trichloroacetic acid is almost of same strength as 149 (c)
HCl due to inductive effect of Cl-atoms. Hg 2 Cl2 ⇌ Hg 2+ −
2 + 2Cl
140 (c) 𝑠 2𝑠
5
[OH − ] = 𝑐 ∙ 𝛼 = 0.01 × × 5 × 10−5 . 𝐾sp = [Hg 2+ − 2
2 ][Cl ]
100
141 (b) 𝐾sp = (𝑠)(2𝑠)2
Nucleophiles are electron rich species and donate 𝐾sp = 4𝑠 3
electron pair.
𝐾sp 1⁄3
143 (a) 𝑠=( 4 )
[Ca(OH)2 ] = 0.01 mol/100 cc = 0.1 mol L−1 150 (c)
Assuming complete ionisation, [product]
−14 𝐾𝑐 = [reactant]
10
[OH − ] = 0.2 M, [H + ] = = 5 × 10−14 [product]
0.2 0.41 = [reactant]
+]
pH = − log[H
= − log(5 × 10−14 ) ⇒ [product] = 0.41 × [reactant]
= 14 − 0.669 = 13.3 ⇒ [product] < [reactant]
144 (c) Therefore, reaction proceeds in backward
A solution with reverse acidity or basically is direction, i.e., more PCl5 will be formed.
known as buffer solution. It is of two types : 151 (a)
(I)Acidic buffer solution : A mixture of weak Reaction is exothermic. By Le-Chatelier’s
acid and its salt with strong base principle, a reaction is spontaneous in
e.g., CH3 COOH + CH3 COONa forward side (in the direction of formation of
(II)Basic buffer solution : A mixture of a weak more ClF3 ) if F2 is added, temperature is
base and its salt with strong acid. lowered and ClF3 is removed.
e.g., NH4 OH + NH4 Cl 152 (c)
145 (a) ∆𝑛g = 1 for this change, so the equilibrium
𝑋(g) ⇌ constant depends on the units of concentration
153 (a)
𝑌(g) 𝑍(g)
Initial 1 0
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 4𝑠 3
0 ∴ 4𝑠 3 = 3.2 × 10−8
At equilibrium 0.5 0.5 ∴ 𝑠 = 2 × 10−3 𝑀
0.5 154 (d)
0.5 0.5
Partial pressure
1.5
𝑝
1.5
𝑝 Ag 2 CO3 ⇌ 2Ag + + CO2−3
0.5
𝑝 Due to the common ion effect, the solubility
1.5

∵ 𝐾𝑝
𝑝𝑌 .𝑝𝑍 decreases, so the solubility of Ag 2 CO3 would
𝑝𝑥
𝑝 𝑝
be greatest 1 L of 0.05 M NH3 due to the
3 3
1 𝑝
3

P a g e | 86
 absence of common ion either Ag + or CO2−
3 . Milliequivalent of H2 SO4 will neutralise NaOH
+ so, that (1-0.5)=0.5 millieq. Of NaOH is left
Ag form complex with NH3 .
Ag + + 2NH3 ⇌ [Ag(NH3 )2 ]+ unneutralised.
155 (c) Hence, pH of the resulting solution will be
The interferring radicals are PO3− 3− 2−
4 , BO3 , C2 O4 greater than seven (pH>7).
and F − give insoluble matter in alkaline medium. 164 (d)
156 (d) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 PbCl2 = 4𝑠 3 = 4 × (0.01)3 = 4 × 10−6
[salt]
pOH = 𝐾𝑏 + log [base] In NaCl solution for PbCl2 ;
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = [pb2+ ][Cl− ]2
given, p𝐾𝑏 = 5, [Base] = 0.10 M,
or 4 × 10−6 = [pb2+ ][0.1]2
[salt] = 0.01 M
0.01 ∴ [Pb2+ ] = 4 × 10−4 𝑀.
∴ pOH = 5 + log 0.10 = 4 165 (a)
pH + pOH = 14 𝑎𝑋 + H2 O ⇌ NaOH + H𝑋
∴ pH = 14 − 4 = 10 In it H𝑋 is weak acid, so Na𝑋 is a salt of weak
157 (c) acid and strong base.
𝐾 ∆𝐻 [𝑇2 −𝑇1 ]
2.303 log 𝐾2 = ; find ∆H. ∴ Hydrolysis constant of Na𝑋
1 𝑅 𝑇1 𝑇2
𝐾𝑤 1×10−14
158 (b) 𝐾ℎ = = = 1 × 10−9
𝐾𝑎 10−5
[HI]2
𝐾𝑐 = For this type of salt
[H2 ][I2 ] ℎ2
𝑥2 𝐾ℎ = = 𝐶ℎ2
𝑉
∴ 64 =
0.03 × 0.03 ℎ = degree of hydrolysis
∴ 𝑥 2 = 64 × 9 × 10−4 ∴ 1 × 10−9 = 0.1 × ℎ2
or, 𝑥 = 8 × 3 × 10−2 1×10−9
𝑥 is the amount of HI or ℎ2 = = 1 × 10−8
0.1
At equilibrium, amount of I2 will be ℎ = 1 × 10−4
0.30 − 0.24 = 0.06 ∴ % of degree of hydrolysis on Na𝑋 salt
159 (c) = 1 × 10−4 × 100 = 1 × 10−2 = 0.01%
Weak electrolytes are completely ionised at 166 (b)
infinite dilution. H2 SO4 is almost completely ionised in aqueous
160 (b) solution.
[PCl3 ][Cl2 ] 0.2 × 𝑥 167 (c)
𝐾𝑐 = = = 0.5
[PCl5 ] 0.4 𝑋𝐴 ⇌ 𝐶 + 𝐷
∴ 𝑥=1 0 0 𝑎𝛼 0
𝑎(1−𝛼) 𝑎𝛼
161 (b) 𝑥 𝑥
𝑋
Rest all occur in backward direction. [C][𝐷] 𝑎2 𝛼 2 𝑎(1 − 𝛼)
162 (c) ∵ K = = [ ] [ ]
[A] 𝑋 𝑥2𝑉 2 𝑉
Electron donors are Lewis base. 𝛼 2 .𝑎 2−𝑥
= 𝑥 2 (1−𝛼)𝑋.𝑉 2−𝑋
In the reaction I2 + I − → I3− , I − donates a pair
If 𝛼 is independent of 𝑎, then 2 − 𝑋 =0
of electron and I2 accepts it to form I3− .
Or X =2
∴ 1− is Lewis base.
168 (d)
163 (d)
N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2
Number of milliequivalents of (1 − α) 2α
NaOH = 10 × 0.1 = 1 Total number of moles = 1 − α + 2α = 1 + α
Number of milliequivalents of 169 (d)
H2 SO4 = 10 × 0.05 = 0.5 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 4𝑠 3
0.11
Also, 𝑠= mol litre−1
58

P a g e | 87
 0.11 3 ∆𝑛 = 2 − 2 = 0
∴ 𝐾𝑠𝑝 =4×( )
58 ∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)0
170 (d) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐
2NO3 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + O2 (g)
176 (b)
𝐾𝑐 = 1.8 × 10−6 at 184℃(= 457K) Solubility is decreased due to common ion effect
𝑅 = 0.00831 kJ mol−1 K −1
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛g
Where,
177 (d)
∆𝑛g = (gaseous products – gaseous 𝑝CH3 OH 2
reactants) 𝐾𝑝 = = = 200
𝑃CO × 𝑝H2 2 1 × (0.1)2
=3-2=1 𝐾𝑝 for reverse reaction is
∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 1.8 × 10−6 × 0.00831 × 457 1 1
= 6.836 × 10−6 > 1.8 × 10−6 = = = 5 × 10−3 atm2
𝐾𝑝 200
Thus, 𝐾𝑝 > 𝐾𝑐 178 (a)
171 (a) Due to common ion effect, dissociation of NH4 OH
pH curve of strong acid with weak base is decreases and thus, pOH increases or pH
vertical over the pH range of 4 to 7. decreases.
179 (c)
pOH = 14 − pH = 14 − 10.65 = 3.35
pOH = − log[OH − ]
−3.35 = log[OH − ]
∴ [OH − ] = 4.447 × 10−4 M
Ca(OH)2 = Ca2+ + 2OH −
4.447 × 10−4 M
[OH− ]
2
= [Ca(OH)2 ] = 2.2235 × 10−4 M
Hence, in 250 mL, moles of
2.2235 × 10−4 × 250
Ca(OH)2 =
1000
= 0.56 × 10−4
180 (c)
The indicator that shows colour change
An increase in volume for the equilibrium having,
within this range is suitable. Methyl red (pH [SO2 ][Cl2 ] [mole of SO2 ][mole of Cl2 ]
𝐾𝑐 = =
range 4.4 to 6.5) is suitable indicator for [SO2 Cl2 ] [mole of SO2 Cl2 ] ×volume

titration of weak base 𝑣𝑠 strong acid. Will increase the mole of Cl2 or SO2 to maintain 𝐾𝑐
172 (b) values constant.
The value of the ionic product of water 181 (b)
ZnO + 2NaOH ⟶ Na2 ZnO22 + H2 .
depends on temperature. Acid Base Salt
173 (b) 182 (c)
In this reaction, ∆𝐻 is negative, so reaction moves N2 (g) +
forward by decrease in temperature while value 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)
of ∆𝑛g = 2 − 3 = −1, 𝑖𝑒, negative, so the reaction
(Initially) 1 mole 3 mole
moves in forward direction by increase in
0 moles(2L)
pressure
(At equilibrium) 0.6 or (3 − 3𝑥)
175 (b)
2𝑥 moles
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛
(1 − 𝑥) moles moles
For the reaction,
Number of moles of N2 = 0.6 = 1 − 𝑥
N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO
∴ 𝑥 = 1 − 0.6 = 0.4

P a g e | 88
 So, 3 − 3𝑥 = 3 − 3 × 0.4 = 1.8, = 100 × 10−4 = 10−2
and 2𝑥 = 2 × 0.4 = 0.8 So, degree of hydrolysis is 0.01%
Therefore, the total number of moles at 192 (a)
equilibrium. The species which can accept as well as donate H +
can act both as an acid and a base
= (1 − 𝑥) + (3 − 3𝑥) + 2𝑥
HSO− +
4 + H ⇌ H2 SO4
= 0.6 + 1.8 + 0.8
base
= 3.2 mol
HSO− 2−
4 ⇌ SO4 + H
+
183 (a)
acid
I2 ⇌ 2I − ;
193 (d)
4𝑥 2
Find 𝑥, using 𝐾𝑐 = 10−6 = (1−𝑥), find 𝑥 and notice [𝐵] [𝐶] [𝐷]
2= ;4 = and 6 =
2𝑥 < (1 − 𝑥). [𝐴] [𝐵] [𝐶]
184 (d) Thus, on multiplying
[𝐵] [𝐷]
𝐾𝑐 = [𝐴] = 1.1 2×4×6= , i.e., 𝐾𝑐 for the reaction.
[𝐴]

185 (a) 194 (d)

0.365
In the reaction, N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g), the Moles of HCl = = 0.01
36.5
number of moles of reactants and products are
Moles of NaOH in 100 cm3 of 0.2 M NaOH
equal, thus it remain unaffected by change in 𝑛×1000
pressure 0.2 = = 0.02
100
186 (a) Moles of NaOH left=0.02−0.01=0.01
Aqueous solution of NaCl is neutral. So, its pH Moles of NaOH per litre
value is 7. 0.01×1000
= 0.1
100
187 (a) 10−14
If saturated solution [Ag + ][Cl− ] = 𝐾𝑠𝑝 if the [H + ] = = 10−13 ; (𝐾𝑤 = [H + ]. [OH − ])
0.1
product of ionic concentration is lower than 𝐾𝑠𝑝 , pH = − log[H + ] = − log[10−13 ]
solution is unsaturated. pH = 13
188 (a) 195 (c)
NH4 OH ⇌ NH4+ + OH − [OH − ] = 0.0001N, pOH = 4
At 𝑡 = 00.1 𝑀 0 0 pH + pOH = 14
At equilibrium (0.1 − pH = 14 − pOH = 14 − 4 = 10
1.3×0.1 196 (a)
M) 0.0013 M(0.0013 M)
100 ∆𝐺 0 = −2.303𝑅𝑇 log 𝐾𝑝
= 0.1 M = −2.303 × 8.314 × 300 log1020
= [OH − ] = 0.0013 M = 13 × 10−4 M = −114 .88 kJ
pOH = − log[OH − ] = − log(13 × 10−4 ) = 2.89 197 (a)
pH = 14 − 2.89 = 11.11 1
𝐾𝑐 = [O ; note that the expression does not
189 (b) 2]
5

⋀𝑣 8 involve the concentration terms of solid species.

𝛼= = = 0.02 198 (b)
⋀∞ 400
1 NH4 CN Is a salt of weak acid and weak base and
Now 𝐾𝑎 = 𝑐𝛼 2 = × (0.02)2 thus, for it,
32
= 1.25 × 10−5 . 𝐾𝑤
𝐾𝐻 =
190 (b) 𝐾𝑎 × 𝐾𝑏
O2− + H2 O ⟶ 2OH − . 199 (d)
191 (b) The forward reaction is exothermic and an
𝑋 − + H2 O ⇌ H𝑋 + OH − increase in volume is taking place, Hence,
10−14 𝐾ℎ 10−9 according to Le-Chatelier’s principle, forward
𝐾ℎ = so, ℎ = √ = √ = 10−4 reaction will be favoured by low temperature
10−5 𝐶 10−1
and low pressure.
P a g e | 89
200 (d) Now, Ag(CN)− +
2 ⇌ Ag + 2CN
−

NH4 Cl on hydrolysis gives acidic nature. 0.03 0 0.04 (left from KCN)
(0.03−𝑎) 𝑎 (0.04+𝑎)
201 (b)
𝐾𝑐 is small ∴ 0.03 − 𝑎 ≈ 0.03 and 0.04 + 𝑎 ≈ 0.04
𝐾𝑐 = [Fe3+ ][OH− ]3 (0.04)2 × 𝑎
1 ∴ 𝐾𝑐 = 4 × 10−19 = ; ∴ 𝑎 = 7.5 x 10−18
If [OH − ] = × [OH − ]initial , than [Fe3+ ] = 0.03
4
206 (b)
64 [Fe3+ ]initial to have 𝐾𝑐 constant
Higher p𝐾𝑎 (− log 𝐾𝑎 ) means lower 𝐾𝑎 for acid.
202 (c)
207 (a)
𝐴(𝑔) + 3𝐵(𝑔) ⇌ 4𝐶(𝑔)
𝑁NaOH = 1 × 1 = 1 N
1 1 0 Initial 𝑁H2 SO4 = 2 × 10 = 20 N
concentration Millieq. of NaOH = 1 × 100 = 100
(1 − 𝑥) (1 − 3𝑥) 4𝑥 Final Millieq. of H2 SO4 = 20 × 10 = 200
concentration Thus, Millieq. of acid are left and therefore pH <
(at equilibrium) 7. So, the resulting mixture will be acidic
According to question, 1 − 𝑥 = 4𝑥 208 (a)
1 pH = 4.35
∴ 𝑥=5
∴ 4.35 = − log[H + ]
For above reaction, or [H + ] = antilog of (−4.35)
[𝐶]4 (4𝑥)4
𝐾𝑐 = [𝐴][𝐵]3 = (1−𝑥)(1−3𝑥)3 = 4.5 × 10−5 𝑀
1 4 209 (b)
(4× )
𝐾𝑐 = 5
= 8.0 pH of salts of weak acid and weak base is derived
1 1 3
(1− )(1−3× ) 𝐾𝑤
5 5
by the relation : [H + ] = √𝐾𝐻 = √𝐾
203 (a) 𝑎 ∙𝐾𝑏

𝑚 Mole of acid = 6 × 0.1 = 0.6 210 (a)

𝑚 Mole of salt = 12 × 0.1 = 1.2 Electric arc
1.2
H2 → 2H − 104.5 kcal
2000℃
∴ pH = 4.75 + log 0.6 = 4.75 + 0.3010 = 5.05. hydrogen atomic
204 (c) molecule hydrogen

50 mL of 0.1 M HCl =
0.1×50
= 5 × 10−3 The reaction is endothermic. For endothermic
1000
0.2×50
reaction increase in temperature shift the
50 mL of 0.2 M NaOH = = 10 × 10−3 equilibrium in forward direction. To proceed
1000
Hence, after neutralisation NaOH is left forward the pressure must be low because for
= 10 × 10−3 − 5 × 10−3 the above reaction, increase of pressure will
= 5 × 10−3 favoured backward reaction. So, for
Total volume= 100 cc maximum yield the conditions are high
The concentration of NaOH temperature and low pressure.
5 × 10−3 × 1000 211 (a)
= = 0.05 M H3 PO2 is monobasic acid and thus, it forms only
100
[OH − ] = 0.05 M = 5 × 10−2 M one normal salt.
pOH = − log [OH − ] 212 (d)
= − log [5 × 10−2 ] According to Lewis, “A base is a species which
= 1.3010 can donate an electron pair.” In NH3 , N̈ has
pH + pOH = 14 one lone pair. Thus, N̈H3 is a Lewis base.
pH = 14 − 1.3010 = 12.699 213 (d)
205 (b) 𝐾 < 1.0
2KCN + AgNO3 → Ag(CN)−
2 + KNO3 + K
+ 214 (b)
0.1 0.03 0 0 0 Higher is the value of 𝐾, more is the probability
(0.1−0.06) 0 0.03 0.03 0.03
for a reaction to go for completion.
215 (d)
∴ [Ag(CN)−
2 ] = 0.03

P a g e | 90
 H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g) Common ion effect includes two necessary points;
The equilibrium constant (𝐾𝑝 ) changes with one presence of common ion and the other a weak
the change in temperature. electrolyte.
227 (b)
Note : Variation of equilibrium constant with
C(𝑠) + CO2 ⇌ 2CO(g)
temperature can be express as:
𝐾 ∆𝐻 𝑇 −𝑇
Gaseous mole before - 1 0
log 𝐾2 = 2.303𝑅 [ 𝑇2 .𝑇 1 ] dissociation
1 1 2
50 2 × 50
216 (b) Gaseous mole after - (1− 100
) ( 100 )
N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g)
[NO]2 dissociation
𝐾𝑐 = [N = 4 × 10−4
2 ][O2 ] 1. 0.5 1
1 1
NO ⇌ 2 N2 (g) + 2 O2 (g)
∴ Total mole = 1.5 and ∆𝑛 = 1
[N2 ]1⁄2 [O2 ]1⁄2
𝐾𝑐′ = [NO] Total pressure given at equilibrium = 12 atm
1 1
= √𝐾 = √4×10−4 = 50 (𝑛CO )2 𝑃 ∆𝑛 (1)2 12 1
𝑐
𝐾𝑝 = × [ ] = ×( )
217 (b) (𝑛CO2 ) ∑𝑛 0.5 1.5
2𝐴(g) + 𝐵(g) ⇌ 3𝐶(g) + 𝐷(g) 12
Initial 1.0 1.0 0 0 𝐾𝑝 = 1.5 × 0.5 = 16 atm
At.Eq. 0.5 0.75 0.75 0.25
(0.25) × (0.75)3 228 (b)
𝐾𝑐 =
(0.5)2 × 0.75 If 𝐾𝑤 = 10−12 , then [H + ] for neutral scale = 10−6
218 (c) or pH = 6; thus, pH 6.9 refers for alkaline nature.
𝑅NH2 is stronger base than NH3 . Also HI is strong 229 (c)
acid and thus, I − is weak base. 0.2
[Cl2 ][PCl3 ] 10 × 10
0.2

219 (b) 𝐾𝑐 = = 0.1 = 0.04

[PCl5 ]
Due to ionisation in water. 10
220 (a) 230 (d)
[H + ] = 10−1 CH3 COOH + C2 H5 OH ⇌ CH3 COOC2 H5 + H2 O
∴ pH = 1 1 1 0 0
(1−2/3) (1−2/3) 2/3 2/3
221 (c) 2 2
×
Fe3+ + 3H2 O ⟶ Fe(OH)3 + 3H + . ∴ 𝐾𝑐 = 13 31 = 4
×
222 (b) 3 3
231 (b)
This is Bronsted-Lowry concept of acid base.
[NO2 ]2 4 × (0.05)2
223 (a) 𝐾𝑐 = = = 4 × 0.05 = 𝟎. 𝟐
[N2 O4 ] 0.05
The conjugate acids of O ̅ H, N
̅ H2 , HC ≡
− −
232 (d)
C and CH3 CH2 are 0.01×100
Millieq. of 0.01 M HCl = = 1 × 10−3
H2 O, NH3 , HC = CH and CH3 − 1000
∴ pH = 3
CH3 respectively. Their acidic strength is as 0.04×50
HOH > 𝐻𝐶 ≡ 𝐶𝐻 > 𝑁H3 > 𝐶H3 CH3 Millieq. of 0.02 M H2 SO4 = 1000
= 2 × 10−3
0.02×50
A strong acid has a weak conjugate base, Millieq. of 0.02 M NaOH = 1000
= 1 × 10−3
hence the decreasing order of basic strength Left [H + ] = 2 × 10−3 − 1 × 10 ; ∴ pH = 3
−3

is 233 (a)
CH3 CH2− > 𝑁H2− > 𝐻𝐶 ≡ C− > 𝑂H − 2
𝑝CO 𝑝O [0.4]2 × [0.2]
𝐾𝑝 = 2 2 = = 0.0888
225 (b) 𝑝CO2 (0.6)2
On removal of CO2 (one of the reaction), reaction 234 (d)
will proceed in backward direction. [Conjugate base]
226 (c) pH = 4.5 + log
[Acid]
∵ [Salt] = [Acid], since [𝐴− ] = [H𝐴 ]
P a g e | 91
 ∴ pH = 4.5 ∴ pOH = 9.5 ∴ Higher the value of 𝐾𝑏 , more will be
235 (b) dissociation of base and stronger will be base
We know that, and vice-versa.
[salt]
pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log [acid] ∴ Weakest base among given choices is
1 having 𝐾𝑏 = 7.2 × 10−11.
or pH = − log 10−8 + log 1
246 (a)
(∵ [salt] = [acid]) 2𝐴𝐵2 (g) ⇌ 2𝐴𝐵(g) + 𝐵2 (g)
or pH = 8 1 o o
1−𝑥 𝑥 𝑥/2
236 (c)
𝑥2. 𝑥 𝑃 1 𝑥3. 𝑃
3𝐴 + 2𝐵 → 2𝐶 ∴ 𝐾𝑝 = .[ 𝑥] =
concentration of products 2(1 − 𝑥)2 1 + 2 2
𝐾𝑐 = concnetration of reactants 𝑥
[𝐶]2 (1 − 𝑥 ≈ 1 and 1 + ≈ 1, since 𝑥 ≪ 1)
= [𝐴]3 ×[𝐵]2 2
3√2𝐾𝑝
238 (a) Or 𝑃=
𝑃
Only in reaction (ii) H2 PO−
4,
+
gives H to H2 O, 247 (b)
thus behaves as an acid. 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛g
239 (a) ∆𝑛g = −1 (For the reaction, 2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3).
CH3 COO− + H2 O ⇌ CH3 COOH + OH − Thus, for this reaction, 𝐾𝑝 is less than 𝐾𝑐
248 (a)
𝐾𝐻 𝐾𝑤
∴ [OH − ] = 𝑐 ∙ ℎ = 𝑐√ = √𝐾𝐻 ∙ 𝑐 = √ ∙ 𝑐 Cr(OH)3 ⇌ Cr 3+ + 3OH −
𝑐 𝐾𝑎
( 𝑠) (3𝑠)
1
or − log OH = − [log 𝐾𝑤 + log 𝑐 − log 𝐾𝑎 ] 𝐾sp = 𝑠 × (3𝑠)3
2
1 = 27𝑠 4
or pOH = [p𝐾𝑤 − log 𝑐 − p𝐾𝑎 ] 2.7 × 10−31 = 27𝑠 4
2
Now, pH + pOH = p𝐾𝑤 sp 4 𝐾 4 2.7×10−31
1
[p𝐾𝑤
∴ 𝑠 = √ 27 = √
∴ pH = 2
+ log 𝑐 + p𝐾𝑎 ]. 27
4
240 (a) = √10−32
𝐴
⏟+ 𝐵 + 𝑄 ⇌ 𝐶
⏟+ 𝐷 = 10−8 mol/L
2 2
249 (d)
The reaction is endothermic so, on increase
N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2
temperature concentration of product will
1 0
increase 1−𝛼 2𝛼
2
242 (d) (𝑛NO2 ) 𝑃 1
It is FeSO4 ∙ (NH4 )2 SO4 ∙ 10H2 O. 𝐾𝑝 = × [ ]
𝑛N2 O4 Σ𝑛
243 (a)
[OH − ] = 2 × 0.05 = 0.1 (2 × 0.33)2 𝑃
For 33% dissociation: 𝐾𝑝 = 0.67
× [1.33]
∴ pOH = 1 and pH = 13.
244 (b) (2 × 0.40)2 𝑃
[product] For 40% dissociation: 𝐾𝑝 = × [1.40]
For a reaction, 𝐾𝑐 = [reactant] 0.60
𝑃 8
∴ 𝑃1 = 1.56 ≈ 1.60 = 5
Hence, 2

if 𝐾𝑐 > 1, then [Product]>[Reactant] 250 (a)

𝐴 + 2𝐵 ⇌ 2𝐶
245 (c)
2 3 2 initial moles
For base 𝐵OH
(2 − 0.5)(3 − 0.5)(2 × 0.5) at equilibrium
𝐵OH ⇌ 𝐵 + + OH − 1.5
[𝐵+ ][OH− ] Molar concentration of 𝐴 =
2
Dissociation constant 𝐾𝑏 = 2.5
[𝐵OH] Molar concentration of 𝐵 =
2
1
Molar concentration of 𝐶 = 2

P a g e | 92
 [𝐶]2 1×1×2×2×2×2 ∵ HClO is weak conjugate acid.
𝐾= =
[𝐴][𝐵]2 2 × 2 × 1.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 ∵ ClO− is strongest Bronsted base.
2 257 (b)
= = 0.21
1.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 At equilibrium 𝑄 = 𝐾𝑐 (or 𝑄 = 𝐾𝑝 )
251 (d)
N
258 (a)
In 1000 KOH solution, [OH − ] = 10−3 M Oxalic acid = 𝑥 mol/L
Oxalic acid KMnO4
pOH = − log[OH − ] = − log[10−3 ] 𝑀1 𝑉1 = 𝑀2 𝑉2
= +3 log 10 = 3 40 mL × 𝑥 = 16 mL × 0.05
16×0.05 1
𝑥= = 50
40
pH + pOH = 14 1
𝑥 = 50 M
pH = 14 − pOH Now, convert molarity into normality
= 14 − 3 𝑁 × eq. wt = M × mol. wt. of oxalic acid
1
𝑁 × 45 = 50 × 90
= 11 1
𝑁 = 25
252 (a) This normality represents the hydrogen ion
Tears are alkaline in nature. concentration.
254 (b) 1
So, [H + ] =
𝑀𝑋2 = 𝑀2+ + 2𝑋 − 25
1
𝑠 2𝑠 pH = log [H+]
2 (𝑠)
𝐾sp = (2𝑠) = 4𝑠 3
= log 25 = 1.3
𝐾sp 3 4 × 10−12
3 259 (c)
⇒𝑠= √ =√ = 1.0 × 10−4 M
4 4 Simple cations such as Ag + , Cu2+ , Fe3+ etc.
255 (d) can accept pairs of electrons and hence are
Let solubility of BaSO4 = mol L−1 Lewis acids.
BaSO4 ⇌ Ba2+ + SO2−4
260 (d)
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 Aspirin is a weak acid. Due to common ion effect,
∴ Ions at equilibrium it is unionised in acid medium but completely
ionised in alkaline medium
𝐾sp = [Ba2+ ][SO2−
4 ]
261 (c)
=𝑥×𝑥 For a saturated solution product of ionic
𝑥2 concentrations ≥ 𝐾𝑠𝑝 .
Given, 𝐾sp = 1.5 × 10−9 262 (b)
(1.5 × 10−9 ) = 𝑥 2 H2 O + H2 O = H3 O+ + OH −
or √1.5 × 10−9 = 𝑥 𝐾𝑤 10−14
𝐾S.I = = = 3.23 × 10−18
𝑥 = 3.9 × 10−5 mol/L [H2 O]2 (55.6)2
256 (d) 263 (c)
Strongest Bronsted base is that which has Follow the method to write 𝐾𝑐 or 𝐾𝑝 values. It is the
weakest conjugate acid. ratio of concentrations of products with suitable
powers to concentration of reactants e.g.,
Base Conjugate
3𝐴(g) + 2𝐵(g) ⇌ 4𝐶 (g) + 5𝐷(g)
acid (base
[𝐶]4 [𝐷]5
+ H+ ) 𝐾𝑐 =
ClO− HClO [𝐴]3 [𝐵]2
ClO2− HClO2 [𝑃𝐶 ]4 . [𝑃𝐷 ]5
𝐾𝑝 =
ClO3−
HClO3 [𝑃𝐴 ]3 . [𝑃𝐵 ]2
ClO4−
HClO4 264 (b)

P a g e | 93
 (i)Millimolar=10−3 M Theory of active mass indicates that the rate of
(ii)pH = − log[H + ] chemical reaction is directly proportional to the
pH = − log(10−3 ) = 3. concentration of reactants
265 (b) 273 (c)
𝐴 + 2𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶 + 3𝐷 If 𝑛𝑃 = 𝑛𝑅 , then 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐
𝑝𝐶 𝑝𝐷 3 0.30 × (0.50)3 where, 𝑛𝑝 = number of moles of products
𝐾𝑐 = = 𝑛𝑅 = number of moles of reactants
𝑝𝐴 𝑝𝐵 2 0.20 × (0.10)2
= 18.75 274 (c)
266 (d) 𝐾𝑤
𝐾ℎ =
It involves gain and loss of electron pair (Lewis 𝐾𝑎 × 𝐾𝑏
concept). 275 (c)
267 (d) N— H bond behaves as an acid.
SnCl2 + 2HgCl2 ⟶ SnCl4 + Hg 2 Cl2 276 (c)
(white ppt.)
𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶 +
SnCl2 + Hg 2 Cl2 ⟶ SnCl4 + Hg 2
(Grey ppt.) 𝐷
268 (c) Initial 𝑥 mol 𝑥 mol
𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥
BF3 can accept a pair of electrons, but it cannot At equilibrium 𝑥 − 3 = 3 3 3
give H + ions in the aqueous solution, hence BF3 𝑥
acts as Lewis acid but not as a Bronsted acid 3
269 (c) Hence,
𝑥 𝑥
Na2 O + H2 O → 2NaOH [𝐶][𝐷] ( )( ) 1
3𝑉 3𝑉
𝐾𝑐 = [𝐴][𝐵] = 2𝑥 2𝑥 = 4 = 0.25
↑ ↑ ( )( )
3𝑉 3𝑉

Oxidation number of Na +1 277 (a)

+1 N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
Oxygen -2 -2 Initially at eq. 0.2 0.6 0
(0.2−𝑎) (0.6−3𝑎) 2𝑎
-2 0.8 × 40
Total mixture is 0.8; 40% of it reacts, i.e., 100
No change in oxidation number, so (a) and 0.8 × 40 1
reacts to give 100
× 2 mole of NH3
(d) are not true.
or NH3 formed is 0.16 mole
(b) is also not true.
Or 2a = 0.16
∴ a = 0.08
∴ initial mole = 0.8
Final mole = (0.2 – 0.08) + (0.6 – 0.24) + 0.16
Oxide ion donates a pair of electrons, thus
= 0.12 + 0.36 + 0.16 = 0.64
changes to OH − 0.64 4
∴ Ratio of final to initial mole = = 0.8 = 5
270 (d) 0.8
1 1 1 278 (b)
pH = 2 p𝐾𝑤 + 2 log 𝐶 + 2 p𝐾𝑎
[H + ] = 4 × 10−3 𝑀
14 1 1
= + 2 log(5 × 10−3 ) + 2 × 4.74 ∴ pH = − log 4 × 10−3 = 2.398.
2
1 279 (b)
= 7 + 2 [0.6990 − 3] + 2.3
[Salt]
pH = 8.2195 pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log
[Acid]
271 (b) = 5 + log
10 [Salt]
if [Acid] = 10 ∶ 1, Then,
1
For a salt of weak base and strong acid like
pH = 6.
MgCl2 the relation is as
𝐾𝑤
280 (a)
𝐾ℎ = 𝐾𝑏 10 𝑀 HCl will give [H + ] = 101 ; pH of such solution
272 (d) = 0.
281 (a)
Mg(OH)2 ⇌ Mg 2+ + 2OH −
P a g e | 94
 𝑠 2𝑠 So, precipitate will form.
𝐾sp Mg(OH)2 = [Mg 2+ ][OH − ]2 Thus, silver chloride gets precipitated first.
⇒ 𝐾sp Mg(OH)2 = 4𝑆 3 286 (d)
1.96 × 10−11 = 4𝑆 3 It is basic lead carbonate.
1.96×10−11
1⁄3 287 (d)
or 𝑆=[ ] 𝐾𝑝 or 𝐾𝑐 are characteristic constants for a given
4
or 𝑆 = (4.9 × 10−12 )1⁄3 reaction.
∴ 𝑆 = 1.96 × 10−4 288 (b)
So, concentration of [OH − ] = 2𝑆 𝐾𝑐 = [Ca2+ ][F − ]2 ;
∴ [OH − ] = 3.38 × 10−4 If [Ca2+ ] = 4 × [Ca2+ ];
[F− ]
⇒ pOH = − log[OH − ] To have 𝐾𝑐 constant [F − ] should be .
2
= − log[3.38 × 290 (d)
−4 ] Strong conjugate base has a weak conjugate
10
pOH = 3.471 acid. Weakest conjugate acid is CH3 COOH.
pH = 14 − pOH 291 (b)
= 14 − 3.471 I − is electron pair donor.
∴ pH=10.529 292 (c)
282 (c) 2HI ⇌ H2 + I2 ;
𝛼2
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛 ; 𝐾𝑐 =
4(1 − 𝛼)2
283 (c)
Where α is degree of dissociation,
𝐾𝑐 is characteristic constant for a given reaction at 22
a temperature ; 𝐾𝑝 = 𝑃CO2 . Also, 𝛼 = 100
284 (c) ∴ 𝐾𝑐 = 0.0199
Acidity order 293 (c)
ZnO reacts with acid and alkalies both.
294 (c)
∆𝑛 = −1 and 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 x (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛
295 (a)
H2 (g) + CO2 (g) ⇌ CO(g) + H2 O(𝑙)
Initial conc. 1 1 0 0
At equilibrium (1 − 𝑥)(1 − 𝑥) 𝑥 𝑥
𝑝CO ∙ 𝑝H2 O 𝑥∙𝑥 𝑥2
𝐾𝑝 = = =
𝑝H2 ∙ 𝑝CO2 (1 − 𝑥)(1 − 𝑥) (1 − 𝑥)2
285 (c)
For precipitation, 296 (c)
ionic product > solubility product (𝐾sp ) In this equation, volume is decreasing and the
reaction is exothermic. So, for the highest
For, Ag 2 CrO4
yield of Z, pressure should be high and
ionic product = [Ag + ]2 [CrO4− ]
temperature should be low.
= (10−4 )2 (10−5 ) = 10−13
297 (a)
𝐾sp of Ag 2 CrO4 = 4 × 10−12
The pH of salt BaCl2 = 7 whereas SrCl2 and
Here, 𝐾sp > IP CaCl2 ≃ 7 and MgCl2 < 7.
This, no precipitate is obtained. 298 (d)
For AgCl, ionic product = [Ag + ][Cl− ] = Lewis definition suggests that an acid must be
[10−4 ][10−5 ] capable of accepting lone pair in its vacant orbital.
= 10−9 Smaller ion shows more attraction towards lone
𝐾sp (AgCl ) = 1 × 10−10 pair of electron.
299 (c)
Here, IP > 𝐾sp

P a g e | 95
 Degree of dissociation, α = 𝑑
𝐷−𝑑 305 (c)
46 − 30 A salt is precipitated only when the product
= of ionic concentration is more than its
30
= 0.533 or 53.3% solubility product.
300 (d) 𝐾sp = 1 × 10−8
∆𝑛 = 0 then, 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 [𝐴+ ] = 10−3 M
For (𝑑)∆𝑛 = 1 1×10−8
301 (a)
[𝐵 − ] = = 10−5 M
10−3
[Conjugate base] So, 𝐴𝐵 will be more precipitated only when
pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log
[Acid] the concentration of [𝐵 − ] is more than 10−5
[Conjugate base] M.
or 5.24 = 4.74 + log
[Acid] 306 (b)
[Conjugate base]
∴ = 3. According to Le-Chatelier’s principle
[base]
exothermic reactions are favourable at low
302 (a)
pressure. The reaction in which number of
[H + ] = 𝐶𝛼 = √𝐾𝑎 . 𝐶
moles decreases are favourable at high
pH = − log(𝐾𝑎 . 𝐶)1⁄2 pressure or low volume.
1
= 2 [− log 𝐾𝑎 − log 𝐶] C2 H4 + H2 ⇌ C2 H6 , ∆𝐻 = −130 kJ mol−1
1
= 2 [4.74 − log 10−2 ] ∵ The reaction is exothermic and number of
1
moles of reactants are decreasing.
= 2 [4.74 + 2] = 3.37 ∵ The reaction rate is increased by decreasing
303 (a) temperature and increasing pressure.
1𝑀 solution of CH3 COONa on addition to acid 307 (d)
shows a decrease in dissociation of acid due to The reaction does not cease up but goes in both
common ion effect. directions with same speed.
304 (d) 308 (a)
Weak monoacidic base e.g., 𝐵OH is Haber’s process of synthesis of ammonia
neutralised as follows N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
𝐵OH + HCl → 𝐵Cl + H2 O
At equivalence point all 𝐵OH gets converted
into salt and remember! The concentration of
H + (or pH of solution) is due to hydrolysis of Since, the number of molecules of gaseous
resultant salt (BCl, cationic, hydrolysis here) products are less than the number of
B+ + H2 O ⇌ BOH + H+ molecules of gaseous reactants, thus
𝐶(1 − ℎ) 𝐶ℎ 𝐶ℎ according to Le-Chatelier’s principle, high
Volume of HCl used up pressure favours the forward reaction i.e.,
𝑁𝑏 𝑉𝑏 2.5×2×15
𝑉𝑎 = = = 7.5 mL more ammonia will be obtained.
𝑁𝑎 2×5
309 (d)
Concentration of salt
conc.of base 2×2.5 1
Buffer capacity of an acidic buffer is
[BCl] = = 5(7.5+2.5) = 10 = 0.1 maximum when the ratio of H𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝐴− is unity.
total volume
𝐶ℎ2 𝐾𝑤 [𝐴− ]
𝐾ℎ = 1−ℎ = Since, pH of acidic buffer = p𝐾𝑎 + log [H𝐴]
𝐾𝑏
(ℎ should be estimated whether that can be For maximum buffer capacity, [𝐴− ] = [H𝐴]
neglected or not) ∴ pH = p𝐾𝑎
on calculating ℎ=0.27 (significant, not 310 (c)
negligible) ∴ pH = 2
[H + ] = 𝐶ℎ = 0.1 × 0.27 = 2.7 × 10−2 M ∴ [H + ] = 10−2

P a g e | 96
 [H + ] = 𝑁. α Thus, both are neutralized and 1 Meq. Of NaCl (a
10−2 = 0.1 × α salt of strong acid and strong base) which does
10−2 not hydrolyse and thus, pH = 7.
α= 0.1 320 (d)
α = 0.1 PbCl2 ⇌ Pb2+ + 2I −
311 (c) 𝑠 mol/L 𝑠 2𝑠
Since, catalyst increases the rate of forward Hence, 𝐾sp = [Pb2+ ][I− ]2
reaction as well as the rate of backward = (𝑠)(2𝑠)2
reaction, it does not affect the equilibrium = 4𝑠 3
constant. 3 𝐾sp 3 2.3×10−32
312 (d) ∴ 𝑠=√ =√
4 10
Meq. of H2 SO4 needed for 20 Meq. of NaOH = 20 −11
= 1.78 × 10 mol/L
Thus, volume of H2 SO4 needed = 𝑉mL = 1.78 × 10−11 × 278 g/L
or 𝑉 × 0.25 × 2 = 20
= 4.95 × 10−9 g/L
∴ 𝑉 = 40 mL
321 (b)
Also, temperature increases during neutralization
Hydrolysis of CH3 COO− give alkaline solution.
and then decreases after neutralization on further
322 (d)
addition of acid.
For hydrolysis of NH4+ ;
313 (b)
𝐾𝑤 10−14
The dissociation of H2 S decreases in presence of 𝐾𝐻 = = −5
= 5.5 × 10−10
𝐾𝑝 1.8 × 10
acid (or H + a common ion furnished by an acid).
314 (a) 323 (c)
H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI In water, barium hydroxide is hydrolysed as
15 5.2 0 followers
(15-5) (5.2-5) 10 Ba(OH)2 ⇌ Ba2+ + 2OH −
Equilibrium constant Conc. Of Ba2+ = 1 × 10−3 M
[HI]2 10×10 Conc. of [OH − ] = 2 × 1 × 10−3 M
(𝐾𝑐 ) = [H = 10×0.2 =
2 ][I2 ] = 2 × 10−3 M
50 pOH = − log[OH − ]
315 (c) = − log(2 × 10−3 )
New concentration of, = 2.69
10−6 pH + pOH = 14
HCl = = 10−8 𝑀
100 pH = 14 − pOH
∴ [H + ] = 10−18 + 10−7
= 14 − 2.69
= 1.1 × 10−7 𝑀
∴ pH ≈ 7 = 11.3
317 (a) ≈ 11.0
pH = − log[H + ] 324 (d)
= − log(3 × 10−3 ) In the titrationof weak acid with strong base,
phenolphthalein is used
= 3 − log 3
326 (a)
= 3 − 0.4771
In a reversible reaction some amount of the
= 2.5229 reactants remains unconverted into products and
318 (d) it never go for completion
The dissociation of HCN will decrease in presence 327 (d)
of NaCN due to common ion effect. [H+ ][HS− ]
𝐾𝑎 for H2S = ;
319 (c) [H2 S]
Meq. of HCl = 10 × 10−1 = 1 An increase in [H + ] will show a decrease in [HS − ]
Meq. of NaOH = 10 × 10−1 = 1 to maintain constant 𝐾𝑎 value.
328 (d)

P a g e | 97
 Le-Chatelier proposed a principle to explain the 341 (d)
effect of 𝑃, 𝑇 and 𝐶 on systems in equilibrium. CO2− + −
3 + H ⟶ HCO3 (acid).
329 (a) 342 (b)
p𝐾𝑎 = − log 𝐾𝑎 ∆
2. CaCO3 (𝑠) → CaO(g)(𝑠) + CO2 (g) ↑
Higher the value of p𝐾𝑎 , weaker is the acid.
𝐾𝑝 = 8 × 10−2
Among given choices 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 4.0 the
value 2.0 is lowest so this acid is strongest. 𝑝CaO(s) ×𝑝CO2 (g)
𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝CaCO3 (s)
330 (c)
Alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxides are (Heterogenous
strong base. equilibrium)
331 (a) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝CO2
pH = 9 ∴ [H + ] = 10−9 𝑝CO2 = 8 × 10−2
pH = 6 ∴ [H + ] = 10−6
3. CO2 (g) + C(s) → 2CO(g), 𝐾𝑝 = 2
332 (d)
Aprotic solvents are those from which hydrogen 2
𝑝CO(g)
ion or OH − cannot be derived. 𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝
CO2 ×𝑝C(s)
333 (b) (Heterogenous
Co(OH)2 is not precipitated in III gp. or it more equilibrium)
soluble and thus, has high 𝐾𝑠𝑝 . 𝑝2
334 (b) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝 CO
CO2
[𝐴+ ][𝐵− ] > 𝐾sp . 2
𝑝CO
2 = 8×10−2
335 (a)
2
1 1 𝑝CO = 2 × 8 × 10−2
pH = [p𝐾𝑎1 + p𝐾𝑎2 ] = [14.15 + 6.89] = 10.52
2 2 𝑝CO = 0.4 atm
336 (d) 343 (c)
𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶 + 𝐷 H2 CO3 ⇌ H + + HCO− 3; 𝐾1 = 4.2 × 10−7
1 1 0 0 Initially − + 2−
HCO3 ⇌ H + CO3 ; 𝐾2 = 4.8 × 10−11
(1 − 3𝑥) (1 − 3𝑥) 3𝑥 3𝑥 At 𝐾1 >> 𝐾2
equilibrium (given) ∴ [H ] = [HCO−
+
3]
At equilibrium, the remaining moles of 𝐴 is 𝑥, [H+ ][CO2−
3 ]
𝐾2 =
because 3𝑥 moles of 𝐶 are produced. [HCO−
3]

⇒ 1 − 3𝑥 = 𝑥 So, [CO2−
3 ] = 𝐾2 = 4.8 × 10
−1

∴ 𝑥=4
1 344 (d)
Acid indicators are generally weak acid. The
Equilibrium constant,
[𝐶][𝐷] 3𝑥.3𝑥
dissociation of indicator HIn takes place as
𝐾𝑐 = [𝐴][𝐵] = (1−3𝑥)2 follows
On putting the value of 𝑥, we get, HIn ⇌ H + + In−
1 [H+ ][In− ]
9× 9 𝐾In =
16
𝐾𝑐 = 9 6 =1=9 [HIn]
1+ −
16 4 [HIn]
337 (a) or [H + ] = 𝐾In [In−]
The acidic character of HClO4 is maximum. The pH = − log[H + ]
order is [HIn]
= − log (𝐾In [In−] )
HClO4 > HClO3 > H2 SO4 > H2 SO3.
[In− ]
339 (c) = − log 𝐾In + log [HIn]
𝐾𝑝 is independent of initial concentration. [In− ]
340 (d) = p𝐾In + log [HIn]
20% yield of NH3 and thus, 20% of 340 g is [In− ]
20 × 340
or log [HIn] = pH − p𝐾In
= 100
= 68 g

P a g e | 98
345 (c) or 10−6 = ℎ2
Mole OH − = 𝑀 × 𝑉in litre ∴ 10−3 = ℎ
∴ No of OH − = 0.3 × 0.005 × 2 = 0.0030. 348 (d)
346 (a) Unit of 𝐾𝑐 = [ ]∆𝑛 . ∆𝑛 = +1.
H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI 349 (c)
Initial concentration 4.5 4.5 0 To precipitate soap from its saturated solution on
(4.5 − 𝑥)(4.5 − 𝑥) 2𝑥 addition of salt is called salting out action of soap.
From equation, 2𝑥 = 3 𝑅COONa ⇌ 𝑅COO− + Na+
3 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = [𝑅COO− ][Na+ ]
∴ 𝑥 = = 1.5
2 In presence of NaCl, [Na+ ] increases and thus, the
So, concentration at equilibrium
product of [Na+ ][𝑅COO− ] exceeds in 𝐾𝑠𝑝 to show
[H2 ] = 4.5 − 1.5 = 3
[I2 ] = 4.5 − 1.5 = 3 precipitation of soap.
[HI] = 3 350 (c)
1
[HI]2 3×3 SO2 + 2 O2 ⇌ SO3
∴ 𝐾𝑐 = = =1
[H2 ][I2 ] 3 × 3 [SO3 ]
𝐾1 = [SO 1 ⁄2
347 (a) 2 ][O2 ]

Given, 𝐾𝑤 = 10−14 , 𝐾𝑎 = 10−5 …(i)

Concentration of salt = 0.001 M 2SO3 ⇌ 2SO2 + O2
[SO2 ]2 [O2 ]
𝐾𝑤 10−14 −9 𝐾2 =
∴ 𝐾ℎ = = = 10 [SO3 ]2
𝐾𝑎 10−5
According to equation …(ii)
𝐴− + H2 O ⇌ H𝐴 + OH − From Eqs. (i) and (ii)
1
Let degree of hydrolysis=ℎ 𝐾2 = 𝐾2
1
∴ 0.001(1 − ℎ)(0.001 × ℎ)(0.001 × ℎ) 1 1
[H𝐴][OH− ] (0.001×ℎ)(0.001×ℎ) = −2 2
=
∴ 𝐾ℎ = = (5 × 10 ) 25 × 10−4
[𝐴− ] 0.001(1−ℎ)
−9 100×102
or 10 = (0.001ℎ)2 [∵ 0.001(1 − ℎ) = = 25
1] = 4 × 102 atm

351 (d)
(i) The haemoglobin of RBC combines with oxygen in lungs following the equilibrium,

H𝑏 (𝑠) + O2 (g) ⇌ H𝑏 O2 (𝑠)

When these are at lungs, the partial pressure of O2 being appreciable to show forward reaction, however,
when they pass to tissues, the partial pressure of O2 decreases to favour backward reaction releasing O2.

(ii) Removal of CO2 from blood is based on the equilibrium,

CO2 (g) + H2 O(𝑙) ⇌ H + (𝑎𝑞) + HCO−

3 (𝑎𝑞)

In tissues CO2 gets dissolved in H2O due to high pressure whereas in lungs, the CO2 is released out because
of low pressure of CO2.

(iii) Tooth enamel substance (hydroxyapatite) Ca5(PO4)3OH shows the following equilibrium,

P a g e | 99
 The use of sweet material or fermentation produces H + , which combines with OH − to favour
demineralization of enamel causing tooth decay.

352 (b) H2 SO4 ⇌ H + + HSO−

4
Pressure has no effect on equilibrium if ∆𝑛 = 0 364 (a)
353 (a)
𝐾ℎ 𝐾𝑤
Aqueous solution of AlCl3 is acidic due to the ℎ = √[ ] = √[ ]
𝑐 𝐾𝑎 ∙ 𝑐
hydrolysis of aluminium ion
Hydrolysis
AlCl3 → Al(OH)3 + H + 10−14
= √[ −5 ] = 10−3
354 (a) 10 × 0.001
H + = 1.0 × 10−8 = 10 × 10−9 365 (b)
Also, if ionisation is not neglected [NO]2
H2 O ⇌ H +
+ OH − 𝐾𝑐1 = = 4 × 10−4
10 −8 +𝑎 𝑎 [N2 ][O2 ]
𝑎 × (10−8 + 𝑎) = 10−14 [N2 ]1/2 [O2 ]1/2
𝐾𝑐2 =
∴ 𝑎 = 9.9 × 10−9 [NO]
10 × 10−9 − 9.9 × 10−9 1 1
∴ % emr = ∴ 𝐾𝐶2 = √𝐾 = √4 ×10−4 = 50
10 × 10−9 𝑐1

= 1%. 366 (d)

355 (d) 2
𝐾𝑝 = (𝑃H2 O ) and 𝐾𝑐 = [H2 O]2 ; the solid species
Thus, a solution of blue and yellow ions appears are not used in writing 𝐾𝑐 or 𝐾𝑝
green.
367 (c)
356 (b)
H2 SO4 is strong acid having pH < 7. NaNO2 on
NH2 COONH4 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) + CO2 (g)
hydrolysis gives alkaline solution of pH > 7. NaCl
At eq. if partial pressure of CO2 = 𝑝
is neutral and H2 S is weak acid.
Then that of NH3 = 2𝑝
2
368 (a)
𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝NH × 𝑝CO2 = (2𝑝)2 × 𝑝 = 4𝑝3
3 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶 + 𝐷;
= 2.9 × 10−5 or 𝑝3 = 0.725 × 10−5 [𝐶][𝐷] 3 × 4
or 𝑝 = 1.935 × 10−2 𝑄= = =6
[𝐴][𝐵] 1 × 2
Hence, total pressure = 𝑝 = 5.81 × 10−2 = But 𝐾𝑐 = 10;
0.0581 atm Thus, to increase the value of 𝑄to 𝐾𝑐 , forward
357 (d) reaction should occur.
𝐾𝑤 increases with increase in temperature 369 (d)
358 (d) (A)CH3 COONH4 + H2 O ⟶ CH3 COOH +
In all the given reactions, equilibrium is affected NH4 OH
by the increase in volume at constant Ammonium acetate
temperature Although both (CH3 COOH and NH4 OH) of
359 (a)
them are weak still CH3 COOH is slightly more
Lewis bases are electron pair donor. I+ is
acidic.
electron deficient, hence do not act as Lewis
∴ Solution is acidic in nature.
base.
(B)NH4 Cl + H2 O ⟶ NH4 OH + HCl
360 (d)
ammonium chloride weak base
CH3 COONH4 is a salt of weak acid and weak base strong acid
and ∴ Solution is acidic in nature.
𝐾acid ≈ 𝐾base
CH3 COOH NH4 OH (C ) (NH4 )2 SO4 + H2 O ⟶ 2NH4 OH +
361 (a) H2 SO4
CH4 has almost no acidic nature and thus, CH3− is ammonium sulphate weak base
strong base
the strongest base
363 (c) ∴ Solution is acidic in nature.

P a g e | 100
 (D)CH3 COONa + H2 O ⟶ CH3 COOH + (𝑆 is very small as AgCl is sparingly soluble in
NaOH water, thus 𝑆 2 <<< 1)
sodium acetate weak acid
strong base 1.8 × 10−10 = 0.2𝑆
∴ Solution is basic in nature.
1.8×10−10
370 (d) 𝑆= 0.2
Isoelectric point is the condition when Zwitter
ions or sol particles do not move under the = 9.0 × 10−10 M
influence of electric field, 𝑖. 𝑒., they lose their
charge. 377 (d)
1000
371 (a) 𝛼 = 1.9 × 10−9 ; 𝑐 =
18
The value of equilibrium constant is [H + ][OH − ]
independent of volume of container. 𝐾= = 𝑐𝛼 2
[H2 O]
∴ Value of equilibrium constant will remain 1000
= 1.9 × 10−9 × 1.9 × 10−9 ×
same (300) if volume of reaction flask is 18
tripled. = 2.0 × 10−16
372 (a) 378 (a)
S has +4 ox.no. in H2 SO3 and SO2 both. N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 + heat
373 (b) It is an exothermic reaction, so high
CaF2 ⇌ Ca2+ + 2F − temperature favours backward reaction.
𝑠 2𝑠 Hence, equilibrium is shifted towards the left.
𝐾sp = 𝑠(2𝑠)2 = 4𝑠 3 379 (b)
𝐾sp = 4(2.3 × 10−6 )3 Ag 2 CO3 (𝑠) ⇌ 2Ag + + CO2−
3
= 48.668 × 10−18 (mol dm−3 )3 𝑠 2𝑠 𝑠

374 (c) 𝐾sp = [Ag + ]2 [CO2−

3 ] = (2𝑠)2 . 𝑠
3
Among the given, pH of 0.1M CH3 COOH is not ∴ 𝐾sp = 4𝑠
equal to one as CH3 COOH is a weak acid, thus 380 (a)
does not ionise completely. Given, concentration of NaCl = 0.2 M
375 (a) 𝐾sp (AgCl ) = 1.20 × 10−10
Meq. of acetic acid = 50 × 2 = 100 Let the solubility of AgCl in NaCl = 𝑥
Meq. of CH3 COONa = 10 × 1 = 10
[Conjugate base]
pH = − log 𝐾𝑎 + log AgCl → Ag + + Cl−
[Acid] 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
10
or pH = − log 10−5 + log =4 Solubility NaCl → Na + Cl− +
100 0.2 0.2 0.2
376 (b) [Ag + ] = 𝑥 and [Cl− ] = (𝑥 + 0.2)
∴
Let the solubility of AgCl is 𝑆
∴ 𝐾sp (AgCl ) = [Ag + ][Cl− ]
AgCl = Ag + + Cl− = 𝑥(𝑥 + 0.2)
= 𝑥 2 + 0.2𝑥
𝑠 𝑠 ∴ 𝐾sp = 0.2𝑥(𝑥 2 ≪ 1)
[Cl− ] from NaCl=0.2 or 1.2 × 10−10 = 0.2𝑥
∴ 𝑥 = 6 × 10−10
Concentration of Cl− = 𝑆 + 0.2 381 (a)
Because buffer solutions are mixture of weak acid
𝐾sp = 𝑆(𝑆 + 0.2) or weak base and their salt
382 (d)
1.8 × 10−10 = 𝑆 2 + 0.2𝑆
Let solubility be 𝑆1 , 𝑆2 , 𝑆3 for 𝐴𝐵, 𝐴𝐵2 and 𝐴3 𝐵
respectively.
P a g e | 101
 𝑝𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
∴ 𝑆1 = √𝐾Sp = √4 × 10−8 = 2 × 10−4 𝑀 1
Volume become 2 𝑉 then pressure become 2𝑝,
𝐾Sp 3 3.2 × 10−14
3 1
So, 2𝑝 × 2 𝑉 = 𝑝𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
𝑆2 = √ =√ = 2 × 10−5 𝑀
4 4 Hence, there is no effect on 𝐾𝑝
4 𝐾 4 2.7 × 10−15 391 (a)
Sp
𝑆3 = √ =√ = 1 × 10−4 𝑀 Starch is used as an indicator in the titration of
27 27
iodine against sodium thiosulphate
383 (b) 392 (a)
It is Bronsted base and can accept H + only.
2HI(g) ⇌ H2 (g) + I2 (g); −𝒬kJ
384 (b)
(a)pH of 10−9 M HCl will be < 7 𝑛𝑔 No. of moles of gaseous products – No. of
moles of gaseous reactants
(b)pOH of 10−5 M NaOH
2−2 0
= − log[OH − ]
As the number of moles of products and
= − log[1 × 10−5 ] = 5
reactants are equal, so equilibrium constant is
pH + pOH = 14 not affected by any change in pressure and
volume. Catalyst also does not affect the
pH = 14 − 5 = 9 equilibrium constant. It is an endothermic
(c)pH of 10−9 M KOH will be slightly greater reaction, hence equilibrium constant depends
than 7. only upon the temperature.

385 (a) 393 (c)

The loss in pH of blood is called acidosis. An increase in temperature will change 𝐾𝑐 .
386 (d) Addition of inert gas has no effect in ∆𝑛 = 0. Also
increase in pressure has no effect if ∆𝑛 = 0.
In 0.001 M NaOH,
394 (c)
[OH − ] = 0.001 = 10−3
10−14 10−14
According to Le-Chatelier principle the
∴ [H + ] = = = 10−11 reactions in which number of moles of
[OH− ] 10−3
387 (a) reactants is equal to number of moles of
Both NH4 Cl and NH4 OH are diluted to same products, is not effected by change in
extent; pressure.
[Conjugate base] 2NO(g) ⇌ N2 (g) + O2 (g)
pOH = − log 𝐾𝑏 + log
[Base] Moles of reactants =2
388 (c)
Moles of products =
According to Arrhenius concept-Acids are the
2
substances which furnish H + ions in water and a
∵ There is no change in number of moles of
base is a substance which furnishes OH − ions in
water. reactants and products.
389 (a) ∵The reaction is not effected by change in
𝐴𝐵2 ⇌ 𝐴2+ + 2𝐵 − pressure.
𝑠 2𝑠 395 (c)
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = [𝐴2+ ][𝐵 − ]2 B2 H6 is electron deficient and thus electron pair
= (𝑆)(2𝑆)2 = 4𝑆 3 acceptor or Lewis acid.
396 (a)
= 4(1 × 10−5 )3
N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
= 4 × 10−15
1
⏟ 3 2
390 (b) 4

P a g e | 102
 ∆𝑛g = 2 − 4 = −2 Ag 2 SO4 is a 2: 1 type electrolyte 𝑖. 𝑒., it gives
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛g two Ag + ions and one SO2− 4 ion on ionisation.
−2
∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)−2 Given, 𝑠 = 2.5 × 10 M
𝐾𝑝 1.44 × 10−5 Hence, its 𝐾sp = 4𝑠 3
∴ 𝐾𝑐 = =
(𝑅𝑇)−2 (0.082 × 773)−2 (where, 𝑠 = molar solubility)
397 (c) 𝐾sp = 4(2.5 × 10−2 )3
NH3 is Lewis base.
= 4 × 15.63 × 10−6
398 (b)
= 62.5 × 10−6
𝐾𝑝 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)𝑛𝑔
405 (a)
Where, 𝑛𝑔 No. of moles of gaseous products – Isohydric solutions of two acids contains same
No. of moles of gaseous reactants [H + ] ion in them.
1
CO(g) O (g) CO2 (g) 406 (b)
2 2 𝐾
𝑛 1 − 1.5 −
1 𝐾ℎ = 𝑤
𝑔 𝐾𝑎 ×𝐾𝑏
2
∵ 𝐾𝑝 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)𝑛𝑔 From this, it is clear that hydrolysis constant
of a salt of weak and weak base is inversely
𝐾𝑝 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)−1⁄2
𝐾𝑝 proportional to dissociation constant of both
(𝑅𝑇)−1⁄2 weak acid and weak base.
𝐾𝑐
399 (c) 407 (c)
For the reaction. N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2
H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g) 1 0 Before dissociation
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛 1−𝑥 2𝑥 After dissociation
∆𝑛 = 2 − 2 = 0 Total number of moles at equilibrium
so, 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 = 1 − 𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥
(where, 𝐾𝑝 and 𝐾𝑐 are equilibrium constants 408 (c)
From the aqueous buffered solution of H𝐴,
in terms of partial pressures and
50% HA is ionised
concentrations.)
400 (a) [H𝐴]= [𝐴− ]
pH of the solution at the equivalence point is Buffer solution of weak acid H𝐴 ⟶ acidic
on the acidic side due to dissolution of CO2 buffer
[𝐴+ ]
formed. A slight excess of strong acid lowers pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log [H𝐴]
pH to 3.5 when methyl orange produces red or pH = p𝐾𝑎 = 4.5
colour. pOH = p𝐾𝑤 − pH
401 (a)
pOH = 14 − 4.5 = 9.5
The residual part of the acid after removal of 409 (b)
a proton from the molecule of an acid, is Meq. of H + = 10−3 × 10 = 10−2
called its conjugate base. Thus, conjugate 10−2 × 6.02 × 1023
+
+
base=Acid−H and a base after accepting a ∴ No. of H = = 6.02 × 1018
1000
proton gets converted into its conjugate acid. 410 (c)
Thus, HSO− 2−
4 is conjugate acid of base SO4 .
pH of gastric juice is in between 1 and 3.
403 (b) 411 (b)
Volume of ice>volume of water and thus, increase The basic character of hydrides decreases down
in pressure favours forward reaction showing the group.
decrease in volume. 412 (b)
404 (a) PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2 Initial
Ag 2 SO4 → 2Ag + + SO2−
4
moles
5 0 0
P a g e | 103
 5(1- ) 5 5 Moles at +
𝐾𝑤 10−14
𝐵 ; 𝐾𝐻 = = = 10−8
equilibrium 𝐾𝑏 10−6
5(1− ) 5 5 421 (c)
Conc. At
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.001 M of NaOH means [OH − ] = 0.001
equilibrium = 10−3 M ⇒ pOH = 3
40% pH + pOH = 14 ⇒ pH = 14 − 3 = 11
0.4 422 (b)
[PCl3 ][Cl2 ] Removal of product always favours forward
𝐾𝑐 [PCl5 ]
reaction.
423 (b)
5 0.4 5 0.4
0.5 0.5 16 𝐾sp [BaCO3 ] = [Ba2+ ][CO2−
3 ]
5 0.6
6
0.5 𝐾sp 5.1×10−9
[Ba2+ ] = =
2.66 mol/L [CO2−
3 ] 1×10−4
413 (d) [Ba2+ ] = 5.1 × 10 −5
M
𝐾𝑤 = [H + ][OH − ]. 424 (b)
414 (c) 0.0015 2
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 𝑠 2 = ( 143.5 ) = 1.1 × 10−10.
The equilibrium constant does not depend on
425 (b)
concentration, when reversible reaction at 𝑃,𝑇
equilibrium hence, equilibrium constant will CO + NaOH → HCOONa.
Acid Base Salt
be constant. 426 (a)
416 (c) The acidic character has been explained in term of
The hydrolysis reaction of conjugate base of electronegativity of halogens.
acid is 427 (a)
𝐴− (𝑎𝑞) + H2 O ⟶ HO− + H𝐴 Higher is the ox. no. of central atom in oxy-acid,
𝐾𝑤 10−14 𝑒. g., acid (HClO4 ), more is its acidic nature and
𝐾ℎ = = = 10−10
𝐾𝑎 10−4
weaker is its conjugate base, (𝑒. g. , ClO−4 ).
Since, degree of hydrolysis is negligible; 428 (c)
[OH − ] = √𝐾ℎ 𝐶 = 10−6 . 𝑝[OH] = 6 Methyl orange is used for strong acid titration;
and pH=14-6=8 Alkali may be weak or strong.
417 (c) 429 (d)
Na2 O + CaO + H2 O + CO2 → Na2 CO3 + CaCO3 Addition of salt always lowers the vapour
Solution is basic. It can be proved as pressure. Also, vapour pressure of a liquid is its
characteristic pressure and depends only on
CO2−
3 + 2H2 O → H2 CO3 + 2OH
−
temperature.
418 (d)
430 (b)
When a base accepts a proton, then an acid is
CH3 COOH ⇌ CH3 COO− + H +
formed. This acid is known as conjugated acid On adding CH3 COONa, [H + ] decreases
of that base. For example : 431 (a)
NH3 + H + ⇌ NH4+ Neutralization is exothermic whereas hydrolysis
base conjugated acid
is endothermic.
The conjugated acid of HF2− is H2 F2. 432 (d)
HF2− + H + ⇌ H2 F2 HCl ⟶ H−8 +
+ Cl−
base conjugated acid 10
The dissociation of H2 O
419 (d)
H2 O ⇌ H + + OH − is suppressed due to
2/3 rd of alcohol and acid react to form ester at 10−8 +𝑎 𝑎
common ion effect
equilibrium. ∴ 𝐾𝑤 = [H + ][OH − ]
420 (c) or 10−14 = (10−8 + 𝑎) × 𝑎
For hydrolysis of ∴ 𝑎 = 0.95 × 10−7
∴ [H ] = 10−8 + 0.95 × 10−7 = 1.05 × 10−7 𝑀.
+

P a g e | 104
433 (b) 442 (c)
Cu(NH3 )4 SO4 ⇌ Cu(NH3 )2+ 4 + SO4 .
2−
𝐾ℎ = 𝐶ℎ2
434 (c) 0.25 2
𝐾𝑐 is a characteristic constant for the given = 0.5 × ( )
100
reaction = 3.125 × 10−6
435 (d) 443 (b)
According to Arrhenius concept-Acids are the PbCO3 ⇌ Pb2+ + CO2−
3
𝑠 𝑥+𝑦
substances which furnish H + ions in water and a
base is a substance which furnishes OH − ions in MgCO3 ⇌ Mg 2+
+ CO2−
3
𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
water. (Since both are present in same solutes)
436 (a) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 PbCO3 𝑥
According to Le-chatelier principle the ∴ =
𝐾𝑠𝑝 MgCO3 𝑦
reactions in which number of moles are 𝑥 1.5 × 10−15
increasing in forward reaction are favoured at ∴ =
𝑦 1 × 10−15
low pressure or high volume. or 𝑥 = 1.5 𝑦
PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) Now, 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 1.5 × 10−15
∵ Number of moles are increasing in the or 1.5 𝑦(1.5 𝑦 + 𝑦) = 1.5 × 10−15
1/2
forward reaction in above reaction. 1.5 × 10−15
or 𝑦=[ ]
∵ Reaction is favoured at low pressure. 3.75
∵ At high pressure, rate of dissociation of PCl5 = 2 × 10−8
decreases. ∴ 𝑥 = 1.5 × 2 × 10−8
437 (a) = 3.0 × 10−8 𝑀.
Electron acceptors are Lewis acids. They are 444 (a)
electron deficient compounds. BF3 is Lewis [H + ] = 𝑐𝛼 = 1.34 × 10−4
acid because B has only 6 electrons in its ∴ 𝛼 = 1.34 × 10−1
valence shell and it can accept electrons. ∴ 𝐾𝑐 = 𝑐𝛼 2 = 1.8 × 10−5
0.164/82
NF3 , Cl− and H2 O have lone pair of electrons. pH = − log 1.8 × 10−5 + log
0.001
Thus, they are electron donors and Lewis = + 4.7447 + 0.3010 = 5.0457
bases. ∴ [H + ] = 9 × 10−6 .
438 (c) 445 (b)
Stronger the base, higher the tendency to accept Sorensen in 1909 gave pH scale to indicate
protons. Among the given, CH3 COOH and H2 S the strength of the hydrogen ion
both are acids, thus have very low tendency to
concentration expressed in g/L. Here 𝑝 stands
accept a proton. Between NH3 and H2 O, NH3 is a
for potenz meaning strength.
stronger base (due to less electronegativity of N
446 (c)
as compared to O) and hence, it has the highest
N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
tendency to accept a proton among the given. 28 6
Moreover, the conjugate base formed by it also 28
=1 =3 0 mole before reaction
2
stable one 1 3 17
1−2 3−2 = 1 mole after reaction
NH3 + H + → NH4+ 17
(stable)
1
439 (d) ∴ Mole of N2 = 2
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 4𝑠 3 ∴ wt. of N2 = 14g
4 × 10−9 Mole of H2 =
3
∴ 𝑠3 = = 10−9 2
4 3
∴ 𝑠 = 10−3 𝑀 ∴ wt. of H2 = 2 × 2 = 3g
441 (b) 447 (c)
𝑛 𝑃
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ∴ =
𝑉 𝑅𝑇

P a g e | 105
 [H2 ]2 [S2 ] [0.10]2 [0.4] CO(g) + 0.5O2 (g) → CO2 (g)
𝐾𝑐 = = = 0.016
[H2 S]2 [0.5]2 ∆𝑛𝑔 = 𝑛𝑝 − 𝑛𝑟 = 1 − 1.5 = −0.5
448 (b) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)−0.5
N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 𝐾𝑝 1
=
Initial 1 mol 0 𝐾𝑐 √𝑅𝑇
At eqm 1-0.20 0.40 mol 454 (b)
𝑝𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 Metal cation possesses the tendency to accept
1 × 𝑉 = 1 × 𝑅 × 300 electron pair from ligands.
455 (d)
…(i)
Any acid or salt having an ion common (due to
𝑝 × 𝑉 = 1.2 × 𝑅 × 600
common ion effect) or any base (due to acid-base
…(ii)
reaction) will influence degree of dissociation of
On dividing (ii) by (i) weak acid.
𝑝 = 2.4 atm 456 (a)
449 (a) Ca(OH)2 ⇌ Ca2+ + 2OH −
H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI 𝐾sp = [Ca2+ ][OH − ]2
1 1 0
= (𝑠)(2𝑠)2 = 4𝑠 3
(1-0.8) (1-0.8) 2 × 0.8 457 (c)
=0.2 =0.2 =1.6 Proton affinity means affinity for proton 𝑖. 𝑒.,
basicity. In NH3 nitrogen has pair of electron
[HI]2
𝐾𝑐 = [H to donate as well as higher tendency to
2 ][I2 ]
1.6 × 1.6 donate due to lower electronegativity. In PH3 ,
= P is not suitable as that has large size.
0.2 × 0.2
𝐾𝑐 = 64 458 (d)
450 (b) Acid1 + Base2 ⇌ Acid2 + Base1
3−
According to common ion effect, dissociation HPO2− +
3 + H2 O ⇌ H3 O + PO3
of weak electrolyte is further suppressed in H2 PO− +
4 + H2 O ⇌ H3 O + HPO4
2−

presence of strong electrolyte having H3 PO4 + H2 O ⇌ H3 O+ + H2 PO−4

common ion. 459 (b)
∴ AgCl is weak electrolyte and NaCl is strong ∆𝐺 0 = −𝑅𝑇 In 𝐾𝑝 if ∆𝐺  = 0; In 𝐾𝑝 = 0 or 𝐾𝑝 = 1
electrolyte having common anion. 460 (c)
∴ Solubility as well as concentration of [H + ] = 10−2 𝑀
Ag + and Cl− will decrease. ∴ pH = 2.
461 (a)
451 (a)
normal mol.wt. 𝑋(g) + 𝑌(g) ⇌ 𝑍(g)
exp.mol.wt.
= 1 + 𝛼; (Mol. wt = 2 × VD) [𝑍] [𝑍]
𝐾𝑐 = [𝑋][𝑌] or 104 = [𝑋][𝑌]
92
= 1+𝛼
49 ∴ [𝑍] = 104 [𝑋][𝑌]
∴ α = 0.87 1
= 104 × 2 [𝑍][𝑍]
452 (c)
1 1
A precipitation of AgCl is formed when equal (Given, [𝑋] = 2 [𝑌] = 2 [𝑍])
volumes of 10−5 M AgNO3 and 10−4 M HCl are ∴ [𝑍] = 2 × 10−4 mol L−1
mixed, because ionic product will be 10−9 462 (a)
−10 CO2 (g) + C(𝑠) ⇌ 2CO(g)
which is greater than 𝐾sp (10 ). For the
precipitation of an electrolyte, it is necessary Initial : 0.5 atm
that the ionic product must exceed its At equili : (0.5 − 𝑝) 2𝑝 atm
solubility product. This is a case of heterogeneous equilibrium.
453 (b) C(𝑠) being solid is not considered
P a g e | 106
 Total pressure of CO2 and CO gases. 468 (c)
𝑝CO2 + 𝑝CO = 𝑝total pH = − log[H + ]
0.5 − 𝑝 + 2𝑝 = 0.8 pH=14−pOH
𝑝 = 0.3 atm Calculate pH of all the solution to find which
∴ 𝑝CO 2 = 0.5 − 0.3 = 0.2 atm will have maximum pH.
𝑝CO = 2𝑝 = 0.6 atm (A)M⁄10 HCl
𝑝2 0.6×0.6 ∴ [H + ] = 10−1
𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝 CO =
CO 2 0.2 pH = −log [H + ]
= 1.8 atm = − log[10−1 ]
463 (b) =1
NH2 COONH4 (𝑠) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) + CO2 (g) (B)M⁄100 HCl
At equilibrium if partial pressure of CO2 𝑝 ∴ [H + ] = 10−2
then that of NH3 2𝑝 pH = − log[H + ]
2
𝐾𝑝 𝑝NH 3
𝑝CO2 (2𝑝)2 𝑝 4𝑝3 = − log[10−2 ]
2.9 10−5 4𝑝3 =2
𝑝3 0.725 10−5 (C )M⁄10 NaOH
or 𝑝3 7.25 10−6 or 𝑝 1.935 10−2 ∴ [OH − ] = 10−1
hence, total pressure 𝑝 3𝑝 pH = 14 − pOH
5.81 10 −2
0.0581 atm. = 14[− log 10−1 ]
464 (c) = 14 − 1
For salt of weak acid and weak base = 13
1
pH = 2 [log 𝐾𝑎 + log 𝐾𝑤 − log 𝐾𝑏 ] (D )M⁄100 NaOH
1 1 1 ∴ [OH − ] = 10−2
= 2 p𝐾𝑎 + 2 p𝐾𝑤 − 2 p𝐾𝑏
pH = 14 − pOH
1 1
= 2 × 4.80 + 7 − 2 × 4.78 = 14 − [log 10−2 ]
= 7.01 = 14 − 2 = 12
465 (a) ∴ M⁄100 NaOH solution has highest pH.
The species which can accept as well as 469 (b)
donate H + can act both as an acid and a base. [H + ] = 10−6 or 𝑐𝛼 = 10−6 ; also, 𝑐 = 1.0 𝑀 ∴ 𝛼 =
HSO− + 10−6
4 + H ⇌ H2 SO4
base 𝐾𝑎 = 𝑐𝛼 2 = 10−6 × 10−6 = 10−12
HSO− 2−
4 ⇌ SO4 + H
+ 470 (d)
acid Those reactions which have high value of 𝐾,
466 (c) proceeds towards completion
H𝐴(𝑎𝑞) + H2 O(𝑙) ⇌ H3 O + (𝑎𝑞)
+ 471 (d)
𝐴− (𝑎𝑞) A mixed salt is one which furnishes two types of
Initial 0.1 M 0 0 cations or anions.
0.1×5 0.1×5 0.1×5 472 (b)
Change − + +
100 100 100 Buffer capacity of a buffer solution is
Equi conc. 0.095 0.005 0.005 maximum when the concentration of the
[H3 O+ ][𝐴− ] 0.005×0.005
𝐾𝑐 = [𝐻𝐴]
= weak acid and its salt or weak base and its
0.095
= 2.63 × 10 −4 salt are equal, 𝑖. 𝑒., for highest buffer capacity
467 (b) pH = p𝐾𝑎
Acetylene is more acidic than both ethane For this [salt] = [acid]
and benzene but methyl alcohol is slightly
more acidic (p𝐾𝑎 < 25) than acetylene. Thus, 25 mL.

P a g e | 107
473 (c) 𝐾𝑎1 = 1.5 × 10−5
By using pH=− log √𝐾𝑎 . 𝐶 [CH3 COO− ][H + ]
= … (i)
1 [CH3 COOH]
5 = − log √𝐾𝑎 × 1 = − 2 log 𝐾𝑎
HCN ⇌ H + + CN −
log 𝐾𝑎 = −10 𝐾𝑎2 = 4.5 × 10−10
−10
𝐾𝑎 = 10 [H + ][CN− ]
Hence, dissociation constant (𝐾𝑎 ) = 10 .−10 = … (ii)
[HCN]
474 (b) By (i)/(ii)
pH varies inversely with temperature. Thus, if 𝐾𝑎1 [HCN][CH3 COO− ] 1.5 × 10−5
the pH of neutral water is 6.5, the 𝐾= = =
𝐾𝑎2 [CN − ][CH3 COOH] 4.5 × 10−10
temperature of water is more than 25℃. = 3 × 104
475 (b) 484 (c)
0.1 Given, vol. of HCl = 5 mL, molarity =M/5
[CO] =
0.5 Vol. of NaOH = 10 mL, molarity =M/10
0.1
[Cl2 ] = 1
0.5 Mulliequivalents of HCl = 5 × 5 = 1
0.3 1
[COCl2 ] = Mulliequivalents of NaOH = 10 × 10 = 1
0.5
0.3/0.5 HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2 O
∴ 𝐾𝑐 = 0.1 0.1 = 15
× 0.5 ∵ Mulliequivalents of HCl = Mulliequivalents
0.5
476 (c) of NaOH
In qualitative analysis, in order to detect IInd ∴ Solution is neutral and pH=7.
group radicals, H2 S gas is passed in the 485 (c)
presence of dilute HCl to decrease the AlCl3 accepts electron pair.
486 (b)
dissociation of H2 S by common-ion effect so
that less 𝑆 2− ions are obtained and only IInd [H + ] = √𝐾𝑎 × 𝐶
group radical could precipitate. = √10−5 × 0.1
477 (b) = √10−6 = 10−3
The value of p𝐾𝑎 for strong acid is less pH= − log[H + ] = − log 10−3 = 3
478 (d) 487 (a)
HCl a mineral acid is strong acid and thus, Cl− is [KCN] 2.5
weak base. pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log = 9.3 + log = 9.30
[HCN] 2.5
479 (c) 488 (b)
[H + ] = 100 = 1 𝑀 Total milliequivalent of H +
480 (c) 1 1
= 30 × 3 + 20 × 2 = 20
∆𝑛 = 0 and thus, 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 .
481 (a) Total milliequivalent of OH −
1
H2 (g) + CO2 (g) ⇌ CO(g) + H2 O(g) = 40 × 4 = 10
Initial conc. 1 1 0 0 Milliequivalent of H + left
At equilibrium (1 − 𝑥) (1 − 𝑥) 𝑥 𝑥 = 20-10=10
𝑝CO .𝑝H2 O
∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝H 10
2 .𝑝CO2
∴ [H + ] = g ions⁄dm3 = 10−2
1000
𝑥. 𝑥 𝑥2 ∴ pH=2
= =
(1 − 𝑥)(1 − 𝑥) (1 − 𝑥)2 489 (b)
482 (d) Given, for NaOH, 𝑉 = 10 mL, 𝑁 = 0.1 N
For each case 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = [𝐴2+ ]3 [𝐵3− ]2 . For H2 SO4 , 𝑉 = 10 mL, 𝑁 = 0.05 N
483 (a) Miliequivalents of NaOH = 10 × 0.1 = 1
CH3 COOH ⇌ CH3 COO− + H + Miliequivalents of H2 SO4 = 10 × 0.05 = 0.5

P a g e | 108
 H2 SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2 SO4 + [𝛼][𝛼 + 𝛽] ∙ 𝑐
∴ 𝐾𝐴𝐴 =
H2 O [1 − 𝛼]
1 equivalent 2 equivalent [𝛽][𝛼 + 𝛽] ∙ 𝑐
𝐾𝑃𝐴 =
∵ 0.5 equivalent of H2 SO4 will react with 1 [1 − 𝛽]
equivalent of NaOH 𝐾𝐴𝐴 𝛼 (1 − 𝛽)
∴ = ×
∴ The pH of solution = 7 (neutral) 𝐾𝑃𝐴 1 − 𝛼 𝛽
α 1.75 𝛽
491 (d) or = ×[ ]
1−α 1.3 1−𝛽
H2 PO−
4 + H2 O → H3 O
+
HPO2−
4
497 (b)
acid conjugated base 𝜆𝑢 5
𝛼= = = 0.013
𝜆∞ 390
H2 PO− 2−
4 gives HPO4 (conjugated base) in 498 (c)
aqueous solution. It acts as proton donor. Follow Le-Chatelier’s principle.
499 (a)
492 (d)
[(NH4 )2 S] = 0.021 𝑀
𝐾1 for, N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
1 3
∴ [S 2− ] = 0.021 𝑀
𝐾2 for, NH3 ⇌ 2 N2 + 2 H2 ∵ At equilibrium [Zn2+ ][S 2− ] = 𝐾𝑠𝑝 of ZnS
[NH3 ] 2 1/2
[N2 ] [H2 ] 3/2
4.51 × 10−24
∴ 𝐾1 × 𝐾2 = 3
× ∴ [Zn 2+ ]
= = 2.15 × 10−22 𝑀
[N2 ][H2 ] [NH3 ] 0.021
or, 𝐾1 × 𝐾2 = 𝐾
1 ∴ [Zn2+ ] left in solution = 2.15 × 10−22 ×
2
65 g/litre
1
∴ 𝐾2 = 2.15 × 10−22 × 65 × 12
√𝐾1 = g/12 mL
1000
493 (b) = 1.677 × 10−22 g/12 mL.
The two conditions when colour of indicator will 500 (d)
be visible are derived by 𝐾𝑝 is a constant and does not change with
[In− ]
pH = pK 𝑎 + log pressure
[HIn] 501 (d)
(i) pH = 5 + log 10 = 6
A chemical equilibrium is the state when
(ii) pH = 5 + log 0.1 = 4
concentration of reactants and products do not
Thus, minimum change in pH = 2. change with time. It is attained when rate of
495 (b) forward reaction becomes equal to rate of
(s) or mole of AgCl needed = √𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 10−5 backward reaction.
−7
(s) or mole of AgBr needed = √𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 3.16 × 10 503 (c)
3 𝐾𝑠𝑝 H3 PO4 furnishes H2 PO− 2− 3−
4 , HPO4 and PO4 anions.
(s) or mole of Ag 2 CrO4 needed = √ 4 = 0.62 ×
504 (c)
−4
10 The mixture containing a weak acid (HNO2 ) and
−5
∴ Weight of AgCl = 10 × 143.5 = 1.435 × its conjugate base (NO− 2 ) acts as acidic buffer.
−3
10 g 505 (a)
∴ Weight of AgBr = 3.16 × 10−7 × 188 = 5.94 × 1 1 1
−5
∵ pH = p𝐾𝑤 + p𝐾𝑎 − p𝐾𝑏
10 g 2 2 2
−5 1 1 1
∴ Weight of Ag 2 CrO4 = 6.2 × 10 × 332 = = × 14 + × 6 − × 6
2.058 × 10−2 g 2 2 2
pH = 7
496 (a)
In a given mixture, the ionisation of two acids can 𝐾𝑤 10−14
α=√ = √ −6 = √10−2
be written as: Let 𝛼, 𝛽 be degree of ionisation at 𝐾𝑎 × 𝐾𝑏 10 × 10−6
same concentration. = 10−1 = 0.1or 10%
CH3 COOH ⇌ CH3 COO− + H + 506 (d)
1−𝛼 𝛼 𝛼+𝛽
C2 H5 COOH ⇌ C2 H5 COO + H +
−
1−𝛽 𝛽 𝛼+𝛽

P a g e | 109
 Phenolphthalein is used for strong alkali 1
NO2 → N2 + O2 ; ⇌ 𝐾3
titrations; Acid may be weak or strong. 2
507 (b) [N2 ]1/2 [O2 ]
= … (3)
[H + ] = 2 × 10−2 [NO2 ]
∴ pH = −log2 × 10−2 By observation 𝐾3 =
√1
𝐾1 𝐾2
𝑖. 𝑒., in between 1 and 2.
515 (b)
509 (a)
N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g)
(i)Ag + + NH3 ⇌ [Ag(NH3 )]+ ;
[NO]2
𝐾1 = 3.5 × 10−3 𝐾𝑐 = = 4 × 10−4
[N2 ][O2 ]
(ii)[Ag(NH3 )]+ + NH3 → [Ag(NH3 )2 ]+ ; 1 1
𝐾2 = 1.7 × 10−3 NO(g) ⇌ N2 (g) + O2 (g)
2 2
1 1
On the basis of above reaction, [N2 ]2 [O2 ]2
[Ag(NH3 )]+ 𝐾𝑐′ =
𝐾1 = …(i) [NO]
[Ag+ ][NH3 ]
1 1
[Ag(NH3 )2 ]+ = =
𝐾2 = [Ag(NH + [NH ] …(ii) √𝐾𝑐 √4 × 10−4
3 )] 3
For the formation of [Ag(NH3 )2 ]+ 1 100
= −2
= = 50
Ag + + 2NH3 ⇌ [Ag(NH3 )2 ]+ 2 × 10 2
516 (a)
Formation constant (𝐾)
[Ag(NH3 )2 ]+
From the value of 𝐾𝑐 , the direction of the
= [Ag+ ][NH3 ]2
…(iii) reaction may be predicated as follows :
From Eqs. (i) and (ii)
𝐾 = 𝐾1 × 𝐾2
= 3.5 × 10−3 × 1.7 × 10−3
= 5.95 × 10−6 ≈ 6.08 × 10−6
510 (b)
0.1 × 1 = 𝑁 × 1000
∴ 𝑁 dilute acid = 10−4 Since, for given reaction 𝐾𝑐 = 10−4 therefore,
or [H + ] = 10−4 and so ph = 4. the reaction proceeds in backward direction.
511 (c) 517 (a)
Catalyst provides a new pathway to attain 𝑋 + 𝑌⇌ 𝑍
equilibrium earlier. Initial conc., 5 3 0
512 (d) At equilibrium (5 − 2)(3 − 2) 2
Follow law of mass action equations. [𝑍]
Equilibrium constant (𝐾𝑐 ) = [𝑋][𝑌]
513 (d)
Ca3 (PO4 )2 (𝑠) ⇌ 3Ca2+ (𝑎𝑞) + 2PO3− 2 2
4 (𝑎𝑞) = =
3𝑦 2𝑦 3×1 3
518 (d)
𝐾sp = [Ca2+ ]3 . [PO3−
4 ]
2
N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2
= (3𝑦)3 . (2𝑦)2 1 o
= 27𝑦 3 × 4𝑦 2 1−𝛼 2𝛼
∴ Total mole at equilibrium
= 108𝑦 5
= 1 − 𝛼 + 2𝛼 = 1 + 𝛼
514 (d)
519 (d)
N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO; 𝐾1
The solubility order of alkaline earth metal
[NO]2
= … (1) hydroxides is
[N2 ][O2 ]
Ba(OH)2 > Ca(OH)2 > Mg(OH)2 > Be(OH)2 .
2NO + O2 ⇌ 2NO2 ; 𝐾2
521 (b)
[NO2 ]2
= … (2) −H+
[NO]2 [O2 ] N3 H → N3−.
522 (b)

P a g e | 110
 𝐴+𝐵 ⇌ C+D = 12√3
𝑎 𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎 at equilibrium 534 (b)
[𝐶][𝐷] CO2 is acidic oxide which on dissolution in water
∴ 𝐾𝑐 =
[𝐴][𝐵] develops acidic nature.
2𝑎 × 2𝑎 535 (d)
= =4
𝑎×𝑎 10−3
2
523 (b) [NO2 ]2 [2 × 2 ]
𝐾𝑐 = =
CH3 COO− ,because it is the conjugate base of weak [N2 O4 ] 0.2
[2]
acid
10−6
CH3 COOH ⇌ CH3 COO− + H + = −1 = 10−5
524 (d) 10
536 (d)
N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g)
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 ; ∆𝐻 =
Given, volume is halved
−92.38 kJ mol−1
∴ Pressure is doubled
Forward reaction, the volume decreases and
∴ Equilibrium will shift backeard and degree
it is exothermic reaction. According to Le-
of dissociation (α) will decreases.
Chatelier principle, such reactions are
𝐾𝑝 is constant at constant temperature.
favoured at low temperature and high
525 (d)
pressure.
p𝐾𝑎 = 5; Also, p𝐾𝑎 + p𝐾𝑏 = 14
537 (b)
∴ p𝐾𝑏 = 9.
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛g
527 (a)
[𝑍]2 (3)2 Here, ∆𝑛g = 1
𝐾𝑐 = = = 2.25, ∴ [𝑌] = 1𝑀 Thus, 𝐾𝑐 will be less than 𝐾𝑝
[𝑋]2 [𝑌] (2)2 (𝑌)
528 (b) 539 (d)
𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 𝐴𝐵; Acetic acid is weak acid and only pH in given
1 1 0 range is 6.85 for acids.
(1−𝑥) (1−𝑥) 𝑥 540 (a)
Given, 𝑥 = 0.4 NH3 is proton acceptor and thus, H2 O behaves as
0.4 × 100
∴ Percentage of 𝐴 changing to 𝐴𝐵 = proton donor.
1
= 40% 541 (d)
529 (a) Bronsted bases are proton acceptor and each
I − + I2 ⟶ I3− ; Lewis base contains one or more electron pair and
ion solute It is therefore I2 is more
thus, accept proton. On the other hand, Bronsted
soluble in KI. acids are proton donor and may or may not be
530 (d) capable of accepting lone pair of electron,
If strong base is present in a solution, then pH is 𝑒. g. , H2 SO4 is Bronsted acid not Lewis acid; BF3 is
calculated from its concentration. Lewis acid but not Bronsted acid. Also each cation
∴ [OH − ] = 10−1 or pOH = 1 is acid and each anion is base.
∴ pH = 13. 542 (d)
531 (d) PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2
NH4 OH + NH4 Cl is an example of basic buffer. 3 mol 3 mol 2 mol initially
Its pH value is greater than 7. (3-𝑥) mol (3 𝑥)mol (2 𝑥)mol at
533 (d)
equilibrium
Ca(OH)2 ⇌ Ca2+ + 2OH −
∵ 3 − 𝑥 1.5
𝑠 2𝑠
𝐾sp = [𝑆][2𝑆]2 (where 𝑥 1.5
Number of moles of PCl3 3 𝑥
𝑆=solubility)
3 1.5 4.5
𝐾sp = 4𝑆 3
543 (d)
3
𝐾sp = 4. (√3) At equilibrium, ∆𝐺 = 0,

P a g e | 111
 𝑖𝑒, 𝐺ice = 𝐺H2 O ≠ 0 than its solubility product and therefore, AgI
544 (a) will precipitate out.
2
𝐾𝑓 [𝑃product ] 553 (a)
K= = [𝑃reaction ]1
𝐾𝑏 H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
𝐾 = atm.
Here, ∆𝑛 = 2 − 2 = 0
545 (a)
[salt]
Hence, this equilibrium reaction is not
pOH = p𝐾𝑏 + log [base] influenced by volume change at constant
(Henderson’s equation) temperature.
= 5 + log
0.02 1
= 5 + log 10 554 (b)
0.2
2Na + 2H2 O ⟶ 2NaOH + H2 .
= 5 + (−1) = 4 555 (d)
pH=14 − pOH = 14 − 4 = 10 𝐴+𝐵 =𝐶+𝐷
546 (b)
𝑥 𝑥 0 0 At initial
HCl provides common H + ions to CH3 COOH
2𝑥 2𝑥 At equilibrium
CH3 COOH ⇌ CH3 COO− + H + [𝐶][𝐷] 2𝑥×2𝑥
547 (a) 𝐾𝑐 = [𝐴][𝐵] = =4
𝑥×𝑥
This is Henderson equation for basic buffer 556 (d)
mixtures. These are characteristics of salt hydrolysis.
548 (b) 558 (c)
Higher the tendency to give H + ion (𝑖. 𝑒., to (i)20 mL of 0.5 N HCl
undergo ionisation), stronger will be the acid 0.5N⇒ 1000 mL of 0.5 mol of HCl
or vice-versa. 20×0.5
HCl present in 20 mL= = 1.0 × 10−2
HF has poor tendency to give H + ion, hence it 1000
(ii)35mL of 0.1 N NaOH
is the weakest acid among the given.
0.1 N⇒ 1000 mL of 0.1 mol of NaOH
The order of acidity of given acids is 3.5×0.1
H2 SO4 > 𝐻𝑁O3 > 𝐻𝐶𝑙 > 𝐻𝐹. ⇒ NaOH present in 35 mol = 1000
549 (b) = 0.35 × 10 −2

[H + ] = 10−12 Total volume = 20+35=55 mL

[OH − ] = 10−2 ⇒ Resulting mole in solution,
𝑤
= 10−2 (1.0 − 0.35)10−2 = 0.65 ×
40
or 𝑤 = 0.4 g litre−1 10−2 mol HCl
550 (a) HCl = H + + Cl−
pH of 0.1 𝑀 H2 S solution can be derived as: [HCl] = [H + ] + [Cl− ]
H2 S = H + + HS − ; 𝐾𝑎 = 10−7 55 mL contains 0.65 × 10−2 mole of H + ions
[H + ] = 𝑐 ∙ 𝛼 = √𝐾. 𝑐 = √10−7 × 0.1 = 10−4 0.65×10−2 ×103 6.5
∴ 1000 mL = =
55 55
∴ pH = 4
pH = − log[H + ] = − log(6.5⁄55)
551 (a)
= log 55 − log 6.5 = 0.92
pH=0 means [H + ] = 10° = 1 M. hence,
Due to acidic nature of solution the colour of
solution is strongly acidic.
phenolphthalein becomes pink.
552 (a)
559 (c)
The saturated solution of AgI means that
On the basis of precipitation concept an
[Ag + ][I− ] = K sp AgI
electrolyte will be precipitated firstly whose
Hence, in this solution, if a mixture of KI + KCl
ionic product is exceeded to its solubility
is added, then the concentration of [I − ] ions
product. In similar ionic conc. of cations, an
will increase quite a bit in the solution. Hence,
electrolyte is precipitated firstly for which 𝐾sp
now the ionic product of AgI will be more
is lower. In these electrolytes

P a g e | 112
 MnS, FeS, ZnS and HgS, HgS is precipitated 𝐾𝑠𝑝 of 𝑃𝑍3 = 27𝑠 4
firstly. 571 (a)
560 (a) Strong acids have low pH value while strong
Ostwald’s dilution law is applicable for weak bases have high pH value. Hence, the order of
electrolyte pH is
561 (c) HCl < 𝐶H3 COOH < 𝑁H4 Cl <
𝐾𝑝 𝐶H3 COONa
= (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛
𝐾𝑐 strong weak (salt of weak base
24.63 = (0.0821 x T)1 (salt of weak acid
∴ 𝑇 = 300𝐾 Acid acid and strong acid)
and strong base)
562 (d)
572 (c)
20 M eq. of HCl reacts completely with 20 Meq. Of
Thunderstorm produces acidic oxides of N, S
KOH. Hence, the final solution is neutral. Thus, at
which produce acidic rain on dissolution in water.
90℃, pH = 6
573 (c)
564 (b)
1 1 H2 O + NH3 ⇌ NH4+ + OH −
2 𝑃2
𝑛𝑌 . 𝑛𝑍 𝑃1 (𝑛𝐵 ) In this reaction, H2 O acts as an acid because it
𝐾𝑃1 = [ ] 𝐾𝑃2 − ×[ ]
𝑛𝑋 ∑𝑛1 𝑛𝐴 ∑𝑛2 donates a proton
For 𝑋 ⇌ 𝑌 + 𝑍 for 𝐴 ⇌ 2𝐵 575 (c)
1 0
𝛼
0
𝛼
1 0 Kfor
1−𝛼 1−𝛼 2𝛼
𝐾𝑃1 𝑃1 𝑛𝑌 . 𝑛𝑍 (𝑛𝐴 ) ∑𝑛2 [Ag(NH3 )2 ]+ ⇌ Ag + + 2NH3
∴ = × × ×[ ] [Ag + ][NH3 ]2
𝐾𝑃2 𝑃2 𝑛𝑋 (𝑛𝐵 )2 ∑𝑛1
𝐾 =
[Ag(NH3 )2 ]+
(1−𝛼) [Ag(NH3 )]+ [NH3 ]
𝑃 𝛼.𝛼 (1+𝛼)
9 = 𝑃1 × 1−𝛼 × (2𝛼)2 × (1+𝛼) Also, 𝐾10 = 1.4 × 10−4 = [Ag(NH3 )2 ]+2
2
[Ag+ ][NH3 ]
and 𝐾20 = 4.3 × 10−4 = [Ag(NH +
3 )]
𝑃1
∴ = 4 × 9 = 36 ∴ 𝐾 0 = 𝐾10 × 𝐾20 = 1.4 × 10−4 × 4.3 × 10−4
𝑃2
= 6.02 × 10−8
565 (c)
576 (d)
There will be no effect on equilibrium
For precipitation, ionic product > solubility
constant (𝐾𝑐 ) in presence of catalyst. So,
product
statement (c) is wrong.
∴ The metal sulphide with lowest 𝐾sp (PbS)
566 (a)
NH3 (ammonia) possess an unshared electron will precipitate out first because its inonic
pair on N-atom hence, it can donate electron product will exceed its 𝐾sp first and the metal
pair. Such species are called Lewis bases. BF3 sulphide with highest 𝐾sp (NiS) will
acts as Lewis acid. precipitate out at last.
567 (a) 577 (b)
10−6
Ca3 (PO4 )2 = 3Ca2+ + 2PO3−
4 [OH − ]in the diluted base = = 10−8
102
5 mol/L 3𝑠 2𝑠
Total [OH − ] = 10−8 + −
[OH ] of water
∴ 𝐾sp = [Ca2+ ]3 [PO3−
4 ]
2
−8 −7
= (10 + 10 )M
= (3𝑠)3 (2𝑠)2
= 10−8 (1 + 10)M
𝐾sp = 108𝑠 5
= 11 × 10−8 M
569 (d)
pOH = − log 11 × 10−8
Fe3+ ions are hydrolysed to develop acidic nature
= − log 11 + 8 log 10
in solution.
570 (a) = 6.9586
𝐾𝑠𝑝 of 𝑀2 𝑋 = 4𝑠 3 pH = 14 − 6.9586
𝐾𝑠𝑝 of 𝑄𝑌2 = 4𝑠 3 = 7.0414

P a g e | 113
578 (c) Mixture of acetic and sodium acetate is an
The molecule shows three H-atoms are acidic buffer. Hence, from Henderson
replaceable, 𝑖. 𝑒., basicity of acid. equation,
579 (c) [salt]
pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log [acid]
𝐾𝑠𝑝 of Ag 2 CrO4 = [Ag + ]2 [CrO2−4 ]
Also, if CrO2−
4 = 2 × 10
−4 On increasing [salt] ten times of that of [acid],
Then Ag = 2 × 2 × 10−4
+ the pH will increase by one.
∴ 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = (4 × 10−4 )2 (2 × 10−4 ) 586 (a)
= 32 × 10 −12
. Bi2 S3 ⇌ 2Bi3+ + 3S 2−
580 (c) 2𝑠 3𝑠
𝐾𝑝 = 𝑃CO2 𝐾sp = (2𝑠)2 (3𝑠)3 = 108𝑠 5
581 (a) 108𝑠 5 = 1 × 10−17
𝑘𝑓 1×10−17
1⁄5
𝐾𝑐 =
𝑘𝑏
𝑠=( ) = 1.56 × 10−4
108
2+ 2−
∴ 𝑘𝑓 = 𝐾𝑐 × 𝑘𝑏 = 1.5 × 7.5 × 10−4 MnS ⇌ Mn +S
= 1.125 × 10−3 𝑠 𝑠
2
582 (d) 𝐾sp = 𝑠
CH3 COOH + NaOH ⟶ CH3 COONH4 + H2 O 𝑠 = √𝐾sp = √7 × 10−16
0.3 − 0.1
(14 neutralization)
4 4
= 2.64 × 10−8
1
∴ pH1 = p𝐾𝑎 + log
3
CuS ⇌ Cu2+ + S 2−
𝑠 𝑠
CH3 COOH +NaOH ⟶ CH3 COONH4 +H2 O
2
0.1
4
0.3
4
𝐾sp = 𝑠
∴ pH2 = p𝐾𝑎 + log 3 8 × 10−37 = 𝑠 2
1 𝑠 = √8 × 10−37 = 0.89 × 10−18
∴ pH1 ~pH2 = log ~ log 3 = 2 log 3
3 Ag 2 S ⇌ 2Ag + + S 2−
583 (c)
2𝑠 𝑠
The weak electrolyte 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑦 dissociates as 𝐾sp = 4𝑠 or 4𝑠 = 6 × 10−51
3 3
follows
3 6×10−51
𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑦 ⇌ 𝑥𝐴𝑦+ + 𝑦𝐵 𝑥− 𝑠=√ 4
C 0 0 3
= √1.5 × 10−51 = 1.14 × 10−17
𝐶(1 − α) 𝑥𝐶α 𝑦𝐶α
Where, α= degree of dissociation The solubility of Bi2 S3 is maximum. Hence, it
𝐶 = concentration is the most soluble.
[𝐴𝑦+ ]𝑥 [𝐵𝑥− ]𝑦 587 (c)
𝐾eq = The variation of equilibrium constant with
[𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑦 ]
[𝑥𝐶𝛼]𝑥 [𝑦𝐶𝛼]𝑦 temperature is given by van’t Hoff isochore as:
= 𝑑 ∆𝐻
𝐶(1−𝛼) In Kc =
𝑥 𝑥 .𝐶 𝑥 𝛼𝑥 .𝑦 𝑦 .𝐶 𝑦 .𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝑇 2
= 588 (d)
𝐶
[∵ 1 − α ≈ 1] It is the characteristic of reaction.
= 𝑥 𝑥 . 𝑦 𝑦 . 𝛼 𝑥+𝑦 . 𝐶 𝑥+𝑦−1 589 (d)
𝐾eq 𝐾𝑤 10−14
𝑎 𝑥+𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 .𝑦 𝑦 .𝐶 𝑥+𝑦−1 𝐾ℎ = = = 7.7 × 10−6
𝐾𝑎 1.3 × 10−9
1
𝐾eq (
𝑥+𝑦
) 590 (b)
𝛼 = (𝑥 𝑥 .𝑦 𝑦 .𝐶 𝑥+𝑦−1 ) 𝐾sp = [Ag + ][Br − ] = 5.0 × 10−13
584 (a) [Ag + ] = 0.05 M
−do − 5.0×10−13
[Br − ] = = 1 × 10−11 M
585 (a) 0.05
−11
Moles of KBr = 1 × 10 × 1 = 1 × 10−11

P a g e | 114
 Weight of KBr = 1 × 10−11 × 120 = 1.2 × 0.017
Also, 𝑠 = 𝑀
10−9g 78
591 (b) 0.017 3
∴ 𝐾𝑠𝑝 =4×( ) = 4.14 × 10−11
Thermal decomposition of potassium chlorate is 78
603 (d)
irreversible. So, law of mass action cannot be
For weak acid,
applied on this reaction
592 (d) 𝐾𝑎
α=√
𝐴𝐵 is binary electrolyte, 𝐶
𝑠 = √𝐾sp = √1.21 × 10−6 = 1.1 × 10−3 M As ′𝐶′ decreases, α increases therefore,
593 (b) percentage ionisation will increase
SnS2 = Sn4+ + 2S 2− . 604 (a)
594 (b) In acidic medium, H2 S is very feebly ionised
p𝐾𝑎 = − log 𝐾𝑎 giving very small concentration of sulphide
Where, 𝐾𝑎 = ionisation constant of weak acid. ion for precipitation. Therefore, the most
Smaller the value of p𝐾𝑎 , stronger will be the insoluble salts CuS and HgS are precipitated
acid. So, p𝐾𝑎 = 10−8 is strongest acid. only.
596 (a) 605 (d)
CH4 has almost no acidic nature and thus, CH3− is In case of hydrolysis of salt of weak acid and
strongest base. strong base, the pH is given by
597 (c) 1 1 1
p𝐾𝑤 + 2 p𝐾𝑎 + 2 log 𝐶
[𝐴𝐵]2 2
𝐾𝑐 = 606 (c)
[𝐴2 ][𝐵2 ]
(2.8 × 10−3 )2 2
𝐾𝑐 = = 0.62 [H + ] = 𝑐𝛼 = 0.1 × = 2 × 10−3 𝑀
3 × 10−3 × 4.2 × 10−3 100
598 (a) Also, [H + ] × [OH − ] = 10−14.
𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶+ 𝐷 607 (d)
[salt]
a a 0 0 ∵ pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log [acid]
(𝑎−𝑥) (𝑎−𝑥) 𝑥 𝑥
2𝑎 [salt]
Given , 𝑥 = 2(𝑎 − 𝑥)or 𝑥 = or 5.8 = 4.8 + log [acid]
3
𝑥2 (2𝑎/3)2 [salt]
𝐾𝑐 = = =4 or log [acid] = 1.0
(𝑎 − 𝑥)2 (𝑎 − 2𝑎/3)2
[salt]
599 (d) = anti − log 1.0 = 10
[acid]
PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) ⇌ PCl5 (g) [acid] 1
According to Le-Chatelier’s principle, on ∴ = 10 = 0.1
[salt]
increasing volume of a reactant, the reaction 608 (c)
𝑝PCl3 x 𝑝Cl2
proceeds in forward direction. Hence, on PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g); 𝐾𝑝 =
𝑝PCl5
addition of Cl2 to above reaction, the
𝑝CO x 𝑝Cl2
equilibrium will shift to the right. COCl2 (g) ⇌ CO(g) + Cl2 (g); 𝐾𝑝 =
𝑝COCl2
600 (c)
If CO is introduced, the dissociation of COCl2 will
𝐾𝑠𝑝 AgCl = 1.2 × 10−10 = [Ag + ][Cl− ] = [𝑠][𝑠 +
decrease and 𝑝Cl2 will decrease. This will favour
0.1] where, 𝑠 is solubility of AgCl
dissociation of 𝑝Cl5 , because both reactions are
∴ 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 𝑠 × 0.1 = 1.2 × 10−10
attained in same vessel.
∴ 𝑠 = 1.2 × 10−9 𝑀
609 (a)
601 (d)
For saturated solution of Ag 2 CrO4 , if
Dissociation weak acid decreases in presence of
common ion. solubility is ‘s' mol L−1 . Then
602 (b) Ag 2 CrO4 ⇌ 2Ag + (𝑎𝑞) + CrO2− 4 (𝑎𝑞)
𝑠 2𝑠 𝑠
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 4𝑠 3
𝐾sp = (2𝑠)2 (𝑠) = 4𝑠 3

P a g e | 115
 𝐾sp = 3.2 × 10−11 (given) The change in pressure will not affect the
∴ 3.2 × 10−11 = 4𝑠 3 equilibrium constant. Equilibrium constant
3.2×10−11 changes with change in temperature.
𝑠3 = = 8 × 10−12
4 619 (c)
∴ 𝑠 = √8 × 10−12 = 2 × 10−4 M [HI]2 0.7 × 0.7
610 (b) 𝐾𝑐 = = = 49
[H2 ][I2 ] 0.1 × 0.1
Given , S(s) + S 2− ⇌ S22− K c1 = 1.7 620 (a)
2S(s) + S 2−
⇌ S32− K c2 = 5.3 For 0.1 M acetic acid, or 𝐶 = 0.1 mol L−1
[S2−
2 ] 𝐾𝑎 = 1.74 × 10−5
∴ K c1 = [S2− ]
= 1.7 ..(i)
[S2− ]
pH=?
K c2 = [S32−] = 5.3 ..(ii) According to Ostwald dilution formula,
Now for, S22− (s) + S(s) ⇌ S32− [H + ] = √𝐾𝑎 × 𝐶
[S32− ]
K 𝑐 = 2− = √1.7 × 10−5 × 0.1
[S2 ]
𝐾𝑐2 [S2−
= √0.017 × 10−4
3 ]
∴ By Eqs. (ii) and (i), 𝐾 = = 𝐾𝑐 pH = − log10 [H + ]
𝑐1 [S2−
2 ]

∴ 𝐾𝑐 = 3.11 = − log10 √0.017 × 10−4

611 (a) pH=2.88
pH will decrease as 𝐾𝑤 will increase and [H + ] will 621 (a)
increase but [H + ] = [OH − ] and thus, solution will PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)
be neutral or we can say scale of pH will change. For this reaction, ∆𝑛g = 2 − 1 = 1
612 (d) Value of ∆𝑛g is positive, so the dissociation of PCl5
The conjugate acid of NH2− is NH3 .
increases by decrease in pressure and by increase
NH2− + H + ⇌ NH3 in pressure, the dissociation of PCl5 decreases
base conjugate acid
622 (a)
613 (a)
pH = − log[H + ] and [H + ] = √9.61 × 10−14
If strong acid is present in a solution, then pH is
∴ pH = 6.51
calculated from its concentration,
624 (c)
∴ [OH − ] = 10−1 or pH = 1.
First dissociation
614 (b)
[Conjugate base] 𝑋(OH)3 → 𝑋(OH)+ 2 + OH
−

pH = pK 𝑎 + log Second dissociation

[Acid]
20 × 0.5 10 × 1 𝑋(OH)+ 2 → 𝑋(OH)
2+
+ OH −
[Conjugate base] = ; [Acid] = Total [OH − ] = 4 × 10−3 + 2 × 10−3
30 30
1 = 6 × 10−3
∴ pH = 4.76 + log = 4.76
1 pOH = 3 − log 6
615 (c) = 3 − 0.78 = 2.22
In the presence of little H2 SO4 (as catalyst) about pH = 14 − 2.22 = 11.78
2/3 mole of each of CH3 COOH and C2 H5 OH to 625 (a)
2 [C6 H6 ]
form 3 mole of the product at equilibrium
𝐾𝑐 =
616 (b) [C2 H2 ]
[C6 H6 ]
pH = 2 Or 4 = (0.5)3
;
∴ [H + ] = 10−pH = 10−2 𝑀 ∴ [C6 H6 ] = 0.5 𝑀
617 (a) 626 (d)
[𝐴][𝐵] ′
𝐾𝑐 = ; 𝑃CO 2
[𝐴𝐵] 𝐾𝑝 of the reaction is : 𝐾𝑝 = .
(𝑃CH4 )(𝑃O′ )
′
2
If [𝐴] = 2 × [𝐴];
1 628 (d)
To have 𝐾𝑐 constant [𝐵] should be [𝐵] × 2 Buffer is CH3 COOH + CHCOO− and has
Conjugate base
618 (d) Acid
pH fixed.
P a g e | 116
629 (d) ∴ pH = 14 − 4.567 = 9.423.
∆𝑛 = Mole of product – Mole of reactant; count only 637 (c)
gaseous phase reactants. The aqueous solution of KCN, K 2 CO3 and LiCN
630 (c) turn red litmus blue because of alkaline
N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 nature.
1 0 initially The anionic hydrolysis turns the solution
(1 − α) 2α at equilibrium
alkaline.
Total moles at equilibrium = (1 − α) + 2α
638 (d)
=1+α
𝑒. g. , CH3 COONa;
631 (b)
CH3 COO− + H2 O ⇌ CH3 COOH + OH − .
Larger is bond length, more is acidic nature.
640 (a)
632 (a)
This is Henderson equation for acidic buffer
𝐾𝑎 = 𝑐𝛼 2 or 1.0 × 10−5 = 0.1 × 𝛼 2
mixtures.
∴ 𝛼 = 10−2 or 1%
641 (c)
633 (a) 12.5
By Le-Chatelier principle [H + ] = 𝑐. 𝛼 = 0.01 ×
100
𝑛𝑝 > 𝑛𝑟 (gaseous) = 1.25 × 10−3
So, reaction shift in the backward direction ∴ Thus, pH = − log 1.25 × 10−3
634 (b) 𝑖. 𝑒., in between 2 and 3.
The buffer solutions are those solutions 642 (c)
which resists the change in its pH value on AlCl3 on hydrolysis gives weak base and strong
addition of small amount of a base or an acid. acid.
CH3 COOH and CH3 COONa solution is buffer 643 (b)
solution because it is a solution of weak acid When rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate
and its salt with strong base. of backward reaction then equilibrium is
supposed to be established
635 (c) 644 (a)
[Conjugate acid] ∆𝐻 is positive, so it will shift toward the product
pOH = p𝐾𝑏 + log
[base] by increasing temperature
0.2 645 (a)
= − log 1.8 × 10−5 + log
0.3 Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds
= − log 1.8 × 10−5 + log 0.66 and accept pair of electron.
= 4.744 − 0.176 = 4.567
646 (c)
Consider a buffer of CH3 COOH + CH3 COONa
Addition of Acid : H + + CH3 COO− ⟶ CH3 COOH
Weak acid
Addition of alkali :
OH − + CH3 COOH ⟶ H2 O + CH3 COO−
(Weak electrolyte)

Thus addition of acid or alkali does not cause any change in pH.

647 (c) for different salts, then 𝑠 is more for the salt in
For the precipitation of an electrolyte, it is which is more number of ions.
necessary that the ionic product must exceed its 649 (b)
solubility product An increase in temperature favours forward
648 (a) reaction, if ∆𝐻 = +ve,
For different salts such as 𝐴𝐵, 𝐴𝐵2 , 𝐴𝐵3 … etc. N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 ; ∆𝐻 = +ve
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 𝑠 2 , 4𝑠 3 , 27𝑠 4 … respectively. If 𝐾𝑠𝑝 is same 650 (a)
N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3

P a g e | 117
 56 g 8g 0g Due to common ion effect, rate of ionisation of
(= 2 mol)(= 4 mol) (0 mol) initially NH4 OH decreases, so power
(2 − 1)(4 − 3) 34 g at equilibrium [OH − ] is obtained. Hence, pH value decrease.
=1 = 1 (= 2 mol) 660 (b)
According to Eq.(1) 2 moles of ammonia are For indicator dissociation equilibrium; being an
present a produce 2 moles of NH3 , we need 1 acid
mole of N2 and 3 of H2 , hence 2 − 1 = 1 mole of HIn ⇌ H + + In−
Colour 𝐴 Colour 𝐵
N2 and 4 − 3 = 1 mole are present at equilibrium
[H + ][In− ]
in vessel 𝐾In =
651 (a) [HIn]
The mid point of the colour range of an indicator
[OH − ]in NH4 OH solution = 𝐶α
1 HIn is the point at which [In− ] = [HIn].
= 0.001 × 100 = 1 × 10−5 ∴ 𝐾In = [H + ] = 1 × 10−5
−
pOH = − log[OH ] ∴ [H + ] = 1 × 10−5
−5 ] or pH = 5.
pOH = − log[1 × 10
pOH = 5 661 (b)
652 (c) Follow Le-Chatelier’s principle
Addition of inert gas at constant volume condition 662 (c)
to an equilibrium has no effect. N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
56 8
653 (d) Initial =2 =4
28 2
𝑄 > 𝐾𝑐 thus, 𝑄 must decrease so that [NH3] may 34
decrease to have backward reaction. At (2 − 𝑥) (4-3𝑥) 2𝑥 = 17 = 2
654 (c) moles
NaHSO4 (acidic salt) and Na2 SO4 normal salt. equilibrium mole mole
655 (b) Hence, 𝑥 = 1 mole
AgCl ⇌ Ag + + Cl− Hence, number of moles of N2 at equilibrium
𝐾sp = [Ag + ][Cl− ] =2-1=1 mole
𝐾sp = 𝑆 2 Number of moles of H2 at equilibrium
(𝑆=solubility in mol/L) =4-3=1 mole
1.435×10−3 g⁄L Number of moles of NH3 at equilibrium=2
𝑆= = 1 × 10−10 mol/L
143.5
moles
656 (a)
663 (c)
Le-Chatelier’s principle is not applicable to solid-
Na2 CO3 , on hydrolysis gives alkaline solution
solid heterogeneous equilibrium.
657 (a) as the solution contains strong base and weak
2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3 acid.
2H2 O
Initially 4 4 0 Na2 CO3 → 2NaOH +
At equili. 4(1-0.25) 4(1-0.25) 0.25 × H2 CO3
2 white strong base weak
Total number of moles at equilibrium acid
4(1 − 0.25) 4(1 − 0.25) 0.5 664 (c)
4 − 1 4 − 1 0.5 6.5 Acidic buffer is a mixture of weak acid and its
658 (b) salt with strong base. Similarly, basic buffer is
0.005 𝑀 H2 SO4 = 2 × 0.005 𝑁 H2 SO4 a mixture of weak base and its salt with
= 0.01 𝑁 H2 SO4 ; strong acid. Hence, 50 mL 0.1 M CH3 COOH +
Thus, [H ] = 10−2 𝑀
+
100 mL 0.1 M NaOH does not constitute a
∴ pH = 2. buffer solution because in this case millimoles
659 (c) of acid are less than that of strong base, which
after reaction with strong base gives salt.
P a g e | 118
 Now, the solution contains only strong base Since in case of auto ionisation [HCOOH2+ ] =
and salt but no weak acid. Hence, no buffer is [HCOO− ]
formed. and [HCOO− ][HCOOH2+ ] = 10−6
665 (a) ∴ [HCOO− ] = 10−3
(𝑝CO )2 8 × 8 Now % dissociation of HCOOH
𝐾𝑝 = = = 16 atm. [HCOO− ] × 100 10−3
(𝑝CO2 ) 4 = = × 100 = 0.004%
667 (a) [HCOOH] 26.5
Ag 2 CrO4 → 2Ag + + CrO2− 674 (b)
4
𝑠 2𝑠 𝑠 A buffer of H2 CO3 and HCO− 3 is formed.

𝐾𝑠𝑝 = (2𝑠)2 𝑠 = 4𝑠 3 675 (a)

1/3 𝐾 1
𝐾sp 1/3 32 × 10−12 𝑐𝛼 2 = 𝐾𝑎 ∴ 𝛼 = √[ 𝑐𝑎 ] or 𝛼 = .
√𝑐
𝑠=( ) =( ) = 2 × 10−4 M
4 4 676 (a)
668 (c) [H + ] = 𝐾𝑎 . 𝐶
2NO2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + O2 (g) Given, [H + ]HCOOH = [H + ]CH3COOH
[NO]2 [O2 ]
𝐾= [NO2 ]2
= 2 × 10−6 𝐾𝑎 . 𝐶 = 𝐾𝑎′ 𝐶′
4NO(g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 4NO2 (g) ⇒ 1.8 × 10−4 × 0.001 = 1.8 × 10−5 × 𝐶′
[NO ]4 ∴ 𝐶 ′ = 0.01M
𝐾 ′ = [NO]4 [O
2
2]
2 677 (a)
1 1
= = 2Ag 2 O(𝑠) ⇌ 4Ag(𝑠) + O2 (g)
(𝐾)2 (2×10−6 )2
𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝O2
Equilibrium constant 𝐾 ′ = 0.25 × 10 12
(∵ Ag and Ag 2 O are solids)
= 2.5 × 1011
678 (c)
669 (b)
Mg(OH)2 ⇌ Mg 2+ + 2OH − 𝑀𝑋2 ⇌ 𝑀2+ + 2𝑋 −
𝑠 2𝑠
𝐾sp = [Mg 2+ ][OH − ]2
𝐾sp = [𝑀2+ ][𝑋 − ]2
Ksp
[OH − ] = √[Mg2+] If solubility be 𝑠 then
𝐾sp = (𝑠)(2𝑠)2 = 4𝑠 3
1.0×10−11
[OH − ] = √ = 10−4 4𝑠 3 = 4 × 10−12
0.001
∴ 𝑠 = 1 × 10−4 M
pOH=4 and pH=10
670 (a) ∴ 𝑀2+ = 𝑠 = 1 × 10−4 M
Precipitation just starts when the product of ionic 679 (d)
concentration is equal to 𝐾𝑠𝑝 . CaCO(𝑠) ⇌ CaO(𝑠) + CO2 (g)
[Ag + ][Cl− ] = 𝐾𝑠𝑝AgCl . This is the limiting case at The equilibrium constant for this reaction is
which precipitation just starts or no precipitation given by 𝐾 = [CO2 ](as CaCO3 and CaO are
up to this limit. solid).
671 (a) Hence, to get more CO2 , we need to pump out
Such solutions are acidic and methyl orange act continuously the CO2 gas.
on acidic pH 680 (b)
672 (c) H2 O can accept H + or donate H − .
[Cu(NH3 )4 ]SO4 ⟶ [Cu(NH3 )4 ]2+ + SO2− 4 ; The 681 (b)
complex ion is not ionised. 𝑘𝑓 = 1.1 × 10−2 , 𝑘𝑏 = 1.5 × 10−3
673 (b) 𝑘𝑓 1.1 × 10−2
Given density of formic acid = 1.22 g/cm3 𝐾𝑐 = = = 7.33
𝑘𝑏 1.5 × 10−3
∴ Weight of formic acid in 1 litre solution = 682 (b)
1.22 × 103 g HCl is metabolically produced in human body.
1.22×103
Thus, [HCOOH] = = 26.5 𝑀 683 (b)
46

P a g e | 119
 NH4 HS(𝑠) ⇌ NH3 (g) + H2 S(g) That is why Ag + will be less
Pressure at equilibrium P P
696 (d)
∴ Total pressure at equilibrium = 2𝑃 = 1.12 atm
N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g)
𝑃 = 1.12/2 atm
′ Molar concentration of
∵ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝑃′NH3 x 𝑃H2 S
9.2
1.12 1.12 [N2 O4 ] = = 0.1 mol/L
92
∴ 𝐾𝑝 = × = 0.3136 atm2
2 2 In equilibrium state,
684 (c) (When it 50% dissociates)
NaCl does not hydrolyse.
[N2 O4 ] = 0.05 M
685 (b)
[NO2 ] = 0.1 M
The substance which can donate a pair of [NO2 ]2
electrons is called Lewis base. ∵ 𝐾𝑐 = [N
2 O4 ]
Amines contain lone pair of electron on ∴ 𝐾𝑐 =
0.1×0.1
0.05
nitrogen atom, so behave as Lewis base.
= 0.2
686 (c)
697 (a)
Both possess the tendency to accept proton.
687 (a) 2CO2 ⇌ 2CO + O2
It is an acidic solution with pH < 7 as NaCl At equili. 0.6 atm 0.4 atm 0.2 atm
2
𝑝 ×𝑝𝑂2
solution is neutral but HCl is a strong acid ∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐶𝑂 2
𝑝𝐶𝑂
688 (a) 2
(0.4) 2
Methyl orange will give colour only when more of (0.2)
= = 0.088
weak acid is used, 𝑖. 𝑒., more milli equivalents are (0.6)2
𝑤
added. Thus, 𝐸 × 1000 = Meq. Thus, 𝐸 will be 698 (c)
lower if Meq. are more. Aqueous solution of NaCN is basic because it is a
689 (c) salt of strong base and weak acid
699 (c)
Among the given species, correct order of
N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
increasing acidic, strength is
− + + 1 3 0
OH < H2 O < NH4 < HF < H3 O 1−𝑥 3−3𝑥 2𝑥
−
OH is a basic (i.e., it tends to gain a proton) ∴ 50% mixture reacts
4
and hence is least acidic. H2 O is neutral ∴ 1 − 𝑥 + 3 − 3𝑥 = 2 = 2
species. H3 O+ is most acidic as it readily lose 𝑥 = 0.5
1
proton. ∴ 𝑃𝑁𝐻 3
= 𝑃𝑇 × 𝑚𝑓 of NH3
690 (b) 𝑃 × 2 × 0.5 𝑃
= =
Presence of lone pair of electron and they donate (4 − 0.5 × 2) 3
two electron pairs 700 (b)
691 (c) The CH3 COOH is weaker acid than H2 SO4 . The
Na2 CO3 + 2H2 O ⇌ 2NaOH + H2 CO3. It is a salt of reason is that CH3 COOH is weakly ionised in
strong base and weak acid, so it is basic comparison with H2 SO4 .
692 (d) 701 (a)
BF3 has incomplete octet and will act as Lewis The problem is valid only if strong acids are
acid NH3 has lone pair of electron available for mixed. After mixing equal volumes of three acids,
donation and thus Lewis base. total volume = 3 𝑉
693 (d) ∴ [H + ] after mixing
These are the characteristics of a reaction in 10−3 × 𝑉 10−4 × 𝑉
equilibrium. = +
3𝑉 3𝑉
695 (b) 10−5 × 𝑉
+
AgCl → Ag + + Cl− 3𝑉
𝑋 𝑋 1.11 × 10−3
= = 3.7 × 10−4
After NaCl is added 𝑋 𝑋 + 1 × 10−4 3

P a g e | 120
702 (a) pH + pOH = 14
The ionisation of strong electrolytes in acetic 712 (d)
acid, compared to water, is weak and low The problem does not have suggests about the
because acetic acid is a non-polar solvent. nature of acid, 𝑖. 𝑒., weak or strong. The normality
703 (d) will be 10−2 for strong acid. If weak acid,
Solubility of CaF2 = 2 × 10−4 mol/L normality can be obtained only if 𝐾𝑎 is known.
713 (c)
Each mole of CaF2 dissolving in H2 O gives one
[H + ] = 1
mole of Ca2+ and two moles of F − ions.
∴ pH = − log 1 = 0.
CaF2 ⇌ Ca2+ + 2F − 714 (b)
2 × 10−4 M 2 × 2 × 10−4 M
It is an exothermic reaction, hence low
𝐾sp = [Ca2+ ][F − ]2
temperature and increasing pressure will favour
= [2 × 10−4 ][2 × 2 × 10−4 ]2 forward reaction
𝐾sp = 3.2 × 1011 715 (a)
704 (b) NH4 Cl is acidic because it is a salt of weak
𝐷 − 𝑑 104.16 − 62 base NH4 OH and a strong acid HCl. Thus, on
α= =
𝑑 62 hydrolysis, it gives strong acid HCl and weak
= 0.68 = 68%
base NH4 OH.
705 (d)
HCOO− is base having conjugate acid HCOOH (a
NH4 Cl + H2 O → NH4 OH + HCl
monobasic acid). 716 (a)
[C. B]
706 (a) pH = − log 𝐾𝑎 + log ; ∴ pH
(g) [Acid]
NH4 HS(𝑠) ⇌ NH3 + H2 S(g)
[C. B]
Initially 1 0.5 0 = p𝐾𝑎 [ = 1]
[Acid]
At equilibrium (1 − 𝑥) (0.5 + 𝑥) 𝑥
[C. B]
Total pressure at equilibrium Find pH by = 10, 𝑖. 𝑒. , pH = p𝐾𝑎 + 1
[Acid]
= 𝑝NH3 + 𝑝H2 S 717 (c)
= 0.5 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 0.84 For 𝐴𝐵2 ∶ 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 4𝑠 3 = 4 × (1.0 × 10−5 )3 = 4 ×
∴ 𝑥 = 0.17 atm 10−15.
∴ 𝑝NH3 = 0.50 + 0.17 = 0.67 atm 718 (c)
𝑝H2 S = 0.17 atm HClO3 is called chloride acid.
∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝NH3 . 𝑝H2 S 719 (b)
Ag + is not a Lewis base as it has no lone pair
= 0.67 × 0.17 = 0.114 atm
707 (a)
of electron.
The acidic character of non-metallic oxides 721 (b)
increases along the period. 100 × 10−1 = 1000 × 𝑁
708 (c) ∴ 𝑁HCl = 10−2 ∴ pH = 2.
H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g) 722 (b)
Meq. of HCl = 20 × 0.1 = 2
We know that, 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛g
Meq. of KOH = 20 × 0.1 = 2
Here, ∆𝑛g = 2 − 2 = 0 Both are neutralized to give 2 Meq. of KCl (a salt
∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)0 = 𝐾𝑐 of strong acid + strong base) and thus, does not
709 (c) hydrolyse and shows pH = 7.
Lower is 𝐾𝑠𝑝 , lower is solubility of salt. 723 (d)
710 (d) For 𝐴(𝑠) ⇌ 2𝐵(g) + 3𝐶(g)
MnS + 2HCl ⟶ MnCl2 + H2 S; ∴ 𝐾𝑐 = [𝐶]3 [𝐵]2 ; if [𝐶] becomes twice,
The dissociation of H2 S (formed) is suppressed Then let conc. of 𝐵 becomes 𝐵′, then
due to the presence of HCl. 𝐾𝑐 = [2𝐶]3 [𝐵′]2
711 (b) Or [𝐶]3 . [𝐵 ]2 = [2𝐶]3 . [𝐵’]2

P a g e | 121
 [𝐵′ ] 1 1 ∴ pOH = 2 and pH = 12
∴ [𝐵]
=8=2
√2 736 (b)
724 (d)
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 x (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛 .
The acidic character is HCl > HF > H2 S > H2 O
Where ∆n= mole of products – mole of reactants.
and thus, basic character of conjugate base will be
737 (b)
Cl− < F − < HS − < OH − . [Salt] [Salt]
725 (c) pH = pK 𝑎 + log [Acid] if [Acid] increases by 10
We know that, times pH = pK 𝑎 + 1.
[salt] 738 (b)
pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log
[acid] NaOH = [OH − ] = 10−3
[salt] [H + ][OH − ] = 10−14
5.5 = 4.5 + log
[0.1] [H + ] = 10−11
[salt] = 1.0 M pH = − log[H + ]
727 (a) = − log[10−11 ] = 11
2+ −
CaF2 (𝑠) ⇌ Ca (𝑎𝑞) + 2F (𝑎𝑞) HCl(𝑎𝑞) = [H + ] = 10−3
[F − ] = 2[Ca2+ ] pH = − log[10−3 ] = 3
= 2 × 3.3 × 10−4 NaCl(𝑎𝑞) =Neutral; [H + ] = [OH − ] = 10−7
−4
= 6.6 × 10 M 𝑖𝑒, pH = 7
𝐾sp = [Ca2+ ][F− ]2 739 (d)
= (3.3 × 10−4 )(6.6 × 10−4 )2 [NH3 ]2
𝐾1 =
= 1.44 × 10−10 [N2 ][H2 ]3
728 (b) [NO]2
𝐾2 =
Buffer solutions do not change their pH on [N2 ][O2 ]
addition of small amount of acid or base. [H2 O]
𝐾3 =
729 (b) [H2 ][O2 ]1/2
Blood is alkaline having pH between 7.0 to 7.4. 5
∴ For NH3 + 2 O2 → 2NO + 3H2 O
730 (c)
[NO]2 [H2 O]3 𝐾2 𝐾33
𝐴+𝐵 ⇌𝐶 𝐾= =
[NH3 ]2 [O2 ]5/2 𝐾1
[𝐶]
𝐾= 741 (d)
[𝐴][𝐵]
Decrease of 𝐾 with rise of temperature means
mol L−1 −1 −1 −1
= = (mol L ) = mol L that the forward reaction is exothermic. As the
mol L−1 × mol L−1
731 (c) given reaction is exothermic, energy of HI is
Stronger is acid, weaker is its conjugate base and greater or stability is less than H2 and I2
𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒-𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎. 742 (b)
732 (a) BaSO4 ⇌ Ba2+ + SO2− 4

The salt hydrolysis in each case occurs except Solubility product = 𝑠×𝑠
−10 2
Na𝑊 because its pH = 7. Thus, H𝑊 is strongest 15 × 10 = 𝑠 : 𝑠 = √15 × 10−10 : 𝑠
acid. More is the pH of salt solution, weaker is its = 3.9 × 10−5
acid part. 743 (a)
733 (a) CO2 is present in soda water bottle which
Follow Le-Chatelier’s principle. increases H + in solution,
734 (c) H2 O + CO2 ⟶ H2 CO3 ⇌ H + + HCO− 3.
2+ +
Hg exist as Hg 2 and not as Hg . Thus 𝐾sp = 744 (a)
2+ −
[Hg 2 ][I ] .2 On increasing temperature, equilibrium will shift
735 (c) in forward direction due to decrease in
Meq. of HCl = 40 × 0.1 = 4 intermolecular forces of solid
Meq. of NaOH = 10 × 0.45 = 4.5 745 (d)
∴ Meq. of NaOH left = 0.5 CaCl2 is a salt of strong acid and strong base.
0.5 746 (c)
Now, [OH + ] = 50 = 10−2
P a g e | 122
 [H + ][In− ] [H + ] = √𝐾𝑎 ∙ 𝐶
𝐾𝑎 =
[HIn] Where, 𝐶 =initial concentration of the weak acid
[H + ] × 75 [H + ]2
or 3 × 10−5 = 𝐶=
25 𝐾𝑎
∴ [H + ] = 1 × 10−5 𝑀 (3.4 × 10−4 )2
748 (b) =
1.7 × 10−5
[OH − ] = 1 × 10−5 𝐶 = 6.8 × 10−3 M
pOH = − log[OH − ] 759 (d)
= − log[1 × 10−5 ] 2Na + 2H2 O → 2NaOH + H2
pOH = 5 2 mol 2 mol 2 mol
0.023 100
pH + pOH = 14 Given, mol mol
23 22400
pH = 14 − pOH = 1 × 10 mol = 4.46 × 10−3 mol
−3

= 14 − 5 Thus, Na is the limiting reagent and decide

pH = 9 the amount of NaOH formed.
750 (d) ∵ 1 mole Na give NaOH = 1 mol
It is definition of Levelling effect. ∴ 1 × 10−3 mole Na will give NaOH
751 (d)
1 1
= 1 × 10−3 mol
75 × 5 − 25 × 5 10 Concentration of
𝑁= = 15 − 5 = = 0.1
100 100 1×10−3 ×1000
pH = − log[H + ] = − log[0.1] = 1 [OH − ] = = 1 × 10−2
100
752 (c) pOH = − log[OH − ]
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g); = − log(1 × 10−2 )
∆𝐻 = −93.6 kJ mol−1 =2
This reaction is exothermic therefore the pH = 14 − 2 = 12
concentration of NH3 can be increased by 760 (b)
lowering the temperature, high pressure 1 mole of N2 reacts with 3 mole of H2 thus, for
(∆𝑛 < 0) excess N2 and H2. N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3; (𝑎 − 𝑥) > (𝑎 − 3𝑥)
753 (c) a a a
(𝑎−𝑥) (𝑎−3𝑥) 2𝑥
𝑒. g. , K 4 Fe(CN)6 does not give test for Fe3+ ions.
754 (c) 761 (a)
CH3 COONa in water gives alkaline solution due to 𝐴 + 2𝐵 ⇌ 2𝐶 + 𝐷
hydrolysis of acetate ions. NH4 Cl gives acidic a b o o
(𝑎−𝑥) (𝑏−2𝑥) 2𝑥 𝑥
solution due to hydrolysis of NH4+ ions. Also
Given, 2𝑥 = 0.2, Also, a=1.1
NH4 OH is a weak base due to less dissociation.
𝑥 = 0.1 𝑏 = 2.2
755 (c)
2 𝑥2
HPO2− 4 + H 2 O ⇌ H 2 PO 2−
4 + OH − ∴ 𝐾 𝑐 =
(𝑎 − 𝑥)(𝑏 − 2𝑥)
HPO2− 4 + H 2 O ⇌ PO 3−
4 + H3 O
+
(2 × 0.1)2 × 0.1
−
H2 PO2 is a conjugate base of H3 PO2 (a = = 0.001
(1.1 − 0.1)(2.2 − 0.2)2
monobasic acid) and does not give H + , HPO2− 3 762 (a)
− [Conjugate base]
is a conjugate base of H2 PO3 and does not
pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log
ionise further, since H3 PO3 is a dibasic acid. [Acid]
756 (d) pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log 1 (∵ 50% neutralization)
−
Alkanes are not acidic and thus, 𝑅 is strongest ∴ log H + = − log 2 × 10−4
base. or H + = 2 × 10−4
757 (a) 763 (a)
[Conjugate base] K 2 S shows alakaline nature due to hydrolysis of
pH = − log 𝐾𝑎 + log
[Acid] S 2− ions,
758 (a) S 2− + H2 O ⇌ HS − + OH − .
P a g e | 123
764 (b) = 8.44 × 10−5 mol/L
B.pt. increases with increase in pressure. As Ag 2 CrO4 has maximum solubility, it will
766 (b) give maximum Ag + ions in solution. Hence, it
Na2 CO3 salt gives strong base and weak acid will be used.
on dissolving in water. Hence, it produces an 773 (a)
alkaline solution. Ostwald’s dilution law is valid only for weak
Na2 CO3 + H2 O → NaOH + H2 CO3 electrolytes.
Strong base Weak acid 774 (b)
767 (a) [Zn2+ ][S 2− ] = 10−1 × 8.1 × 10−19 = 8.1 ×
Addition of some concentration HCl does not 10−20 > 𝐾sp of ZnS (3 × 10−22 )
change pH.
[Cu2+ ][S 2− ] = 10−2 × 8.1 × 10−19 = 8.1 ×
768 (d)
CO is neutral. 10−21 > 𝐾sp of CuS (8 × 10−36 )
769 (c) 776 (b)
2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3 ; 𝐾 = 278 Gas + Liquid ⇌ Solution. An increase in 𝑃 will
1 1 favour forward reaction.
SO3 ⇌ SO2 + O2 ; 𝐾 ′ = 778 (b)
2 √𝐾
𝐾′ =
1
=
1
= 6 × 10−2 𝐾𝑎1 > 𝐾𝑎2 .
√𝐾 √278
779 (d)
770 (b)
𝐴 + 2𝐵 ⇌ 2𝐶 + 𝐷
The reaction shows lower 𝐾𝑒𝑞. value in forward
3
direction, 𝑖. 𝑒., more 𝐾𝑒𝑞. in backward direction or a 𝑎 0 0
2 𝑥 𝑥
HCN decomposes salt of HNO2 . 3
(𝑎−𝑥) ( 𝑎−2𝑥)
2
771 (d) Given, 𝑎 − 𝑥 = 2𝑥
Initially [CH3 COONa] = 0.1 mol ∴ 𝑥 = 𝑎/3
[CH3 COOH] = 0.1 mol [𝐶]2 [𝐷] (
2𝑎 2 𝑎
) ×
3 3
when 0.1 mol CH3 COONa is added. Now, 𝐾𝑐 = [𝐴][𝐵]2
= 𝑎 3𝑎 2𝑎 2
= 0.32
(𝑎− 3 )( 2 − 3 )
[CH3 COONa] = 0.1 + 0.1 = 0.2 mol 780 (b)
[salt]
pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log [acid] Al2 (SO4 )3 ⇌ 2Al3+ + 3SO2−
4
0.2 𝐾sp = [Al3+ ]2 [SO2−
4 ]
3
= p𝐾𝑎 + log 0.1
781 (a)
= p𝐾𝑎 + log 2 [H + ] from weak acid,
772 (c)
𝐾𝑎
For binary salts (like AgCl, AgBr). = 𝑐 ∙ 𝛼 = 𝑐√ = √𝐾𝑎 𝑐 = √10−5 × 0.1
𝑐
𝑠 = √𝐾sp
= 10−3
∴ Solubility of AgCl = √1.8 × 10−10 ∴ pH = 3
= 1.35 × 10−7 mol/L 782 (a)
Solubility of AgBr = √5.0 × 10−13 [H + ] = 10−10 𝑀
= 7.1 × 10−7 mol/L ∴ pH = 10
For, Ag 2 CrO4 , 𝐾sp = 4𝑠 3 ∴ pOH = 4
∴ Solubility of Ag 2 CrO4 783 (b)
H + + OH − ⟶ H2 O
3 K sp ∆H = −13.7 kcal.
=√
4 784 (a)
5 × 𝑉 10 × 2
pH = − log(5 × 10−10 ) + log [ / ]
3 2.4 × 10−12 𝑉 + 10 𝑉 + 10
=√ 𝑉
4 9 = − log(5 × 10−10 ) + log
3
4
= √600 × 10−15 On solving, 𝑉 = 2 mL
P a g e | 124
785 (b) ∴ 𝑤 = 6.4 × 10−3 g.
[H + ][H2 PO−
4] [H + ][HPO2−
4 ] 791 (b)
𝐾1 = ; 𝐾2 = −
[H3 PO4 ] [H2 PO4 ] In the iodometric estimation in laboratory,
[H+ ][PO3−
4 ] this process is involved
𝐾3 = [HPO2−
Multiplying these three
4 ]
MnO− + −
4 + H + I ⟶ Mn
2+
+ I2
[H + ]3 [PO3−
4 ] 2− 2− −
K1 x K 2 x K 3 = I2 + S2 O3 ⟶ S4 O6 + I
[H3 PO4 ]
792 (c)
786 (a) [NO ]
PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2 𝐾1 = [NO][O2 ]1/2 …(i)
2
4 [NO]2 [O2 ]
Initial conc. 0 0 𝐾2 = …(ii)
4 [NO2 ]2
2 2 2
Equili. conc. 1 [NO2 ]2
4 4 4 ∴ =
[PCl3 ][Cl2 ] 𝐾2 [NO]2 [O2 ]
𝐾= [PCl5 ] 1 [NO ]
or, = [NO][O2 ]1/2 …(iii)
√𝐾2
2×2×4 1 2

= = = 0.5 From Eqs.(i) and (iii),

4×4×2 2 1
787 (b) 𝐾1 =
Follow Le-Chatelier’s principle. √𝐾2
788 (b) 1
∴ 𝐾2 = 2
Let the solubility of Ag 2 S is 𝑠. 𝐾1
Ag 2 S ⇌ 2Ag + + S 2− 793 (a)
100 1
𝑠 2𝑠 𝑠 g equivalent of (NH4 )2 SO4 = 1000 × 10 × 66 =
Na2 S, being a strong electrolyte, dissociates 0.66
completely and provides g equivalent ofNa2 CO3 ∙ H2 O =
0.62
= 0.01
62
[S 2− ]=0.1 M left (NH4 )2 SO4 is 0.66 − 0.01 = 0.65
∴ [Ag + ] = 𝑠 (NH4 )2 SO4 is a salt of strong acid and weak base
[S 2− ] = (𝑠 + 0.1) M 794 (b)
𝐾sp = [Ag + ]2 [S 2− ] 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛
= (2𝑠)2 (𝑠 + 0.1) 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 only when (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛 = 0
= 4𝑠 3 + 0.4𝑠 2 (a)PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2
⇒ 10−17 = 0.4𝑠 2 ∆𝑛 = 𝑛𝑝 − 𝑛𝑅
[∵ Higher powers are neglected. ] = 2−1
∴ 𝑠 = 5 × 10−9 mol L−1 =1
789 (a)
∴ ∆𝐾𝑝 ≠ 𝐾𝑐
1
SO2 + O ⇌ SO3 (b)N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO
2 2
5 mol 5 mol 0 initially ∆𝑛 = 2 − 2
1
(5 − 𝑥) (5 − 𝑥) 𝑥 at equilibrium =0
2
60 ∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐
𝑥= ×5 = 3 (c)N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
100
1
Total number of moles = (5 − 𝑥) + (5 − 2 𝑥) + 𝑥 ∆𝑛 = 2 − 4
1 = −2
= (5 − 3) + (5 − × 3) + 3 ∴ ∆𝐾𝑝 ≠ 𝐾𝑐
2
= 8.5 (d)2SO3 ⇌ 2SO2 + O2
790 (a) ∆𝑛 = 3 − 2 = 1
𝑠 = √𝐾𝑠𝑝 = (2.5 × 10−9 )1/2 ∴ ∆𝐾𝑝 ≠ 𝐾𝑐
= 5 × 10−5 mol litre−1 795 (a)
𝑤
∴ = 5 × 10−5 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 1.8 × 10−10 = 4 × 10−3 × [Cl− ]
128
P a g e | 125
 [Cl− ] = 4.5 × 10−8 mol litre−1 . Relative strength for HCOOH to CH3 COOH = 4.36 ∶
796 (d) 1.
H2 O(g) ⇌ H2 (g) + 2 O2 (g)
1 800 (b)
According to Arrhenius concepts acids are
1 0 0 Initial
those substances which give proton in
(1 − α) α α⁄2 At
aqueous solution.
equilibrium
α α ∴ Gaseous HCl is not an Arrhenius acid.
Total moles = (1 − α) + α + 2 = 1 + 2
801 (c)
1−α CO2 (g) + 2H2 O(g) → CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g)
Partial pressure of H2 O = 𝑝 ( α )
1+
2 According to Le-Chatelier’s principle, addition
α
Partial pressure of H2 = 𝑝 ( α ) of temperature shifts a endothermic reaction
1+
2
α
towards right. The addition of temperature to
Partial pressure of O2 = 𝑝 (2+α) the above reaction will cause it to right, hence
1⁄2
𝑝H2 .𝑝O2 it is an endothermic reaction. (∆𝐻 = +ve).
𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝H2 O 802 (b)
α3⁄2 𝑝1⁄2 PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2
𝐾𝑝 = (1−α)(2+α)1⁄2
1 0 0
797 (a) 1−𝛼 𝛼 𝛼

For weak electrolytes, according to Ostwald’s

𝛼2 𝑃 𝛼2𝑃
dilution law ∴ 𝐾𝑝 = (1−𝛼) [1+𝛼] = 1−𝛼2
α = √𝐾𝑉
Here, α = 0.01% = 0.0001 = 1 × 10−4
1 1
𝑉 = 𝐶 = 1.0 = 1L 𝐾𝑝
Or α = √ if 1 – α2 = 1
2 𝑃
α2 (1×10−4 )
∴ 𝐾𝑎 = = = 1 × 10−8
𝑉 1 803 (b)
798 (a)
Given, 𝐾𝑏 = 1.8 × 10−5 , [NH3 ] = 0.1 M 3 𝐾𝑠𝑝 3 4 × 10−12
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 4𝑠 3 or 𝑠 = √ =√ = 10−4
NH3 + H2 O ⇌ NH4+ + OH − 4 4
Let concentration of [NH4+ ] = [OH − ] = 𝑥 804 (b)
[NH+ −
4 ][OH ] ∆𝐺 = 0 at equilibrium
𝐾𝑏 = [NH3 ] 805 (a)
𝑥×𝑥 NH4 HS(𝑠) ⇌ NH3 (g) + H2 S(g)
=
0.1 1 0 0
𝑥2
or 1.8 × 10−5 = 0.1 𝑝 𝑝 At
or 𝑥 2 = 1.8 × 10−6 equilibrium
∴ 𝑥 = 1.35 × 10−3 Given,
∴ [OH − ] = 1.35 × 10−3 𝑝 + 𝑝 = 100 atm
pOH = − log[OH − ] 2𝑝 = 100 atm
= − log(1.35 × 10−3 ) 𝑝 = 50 atm
= 2.87 𝐾𝑝 = 𝑝NH 3 . 𝑝H2 S
pH = 14 − pOH = 14 − 2.87 = 11.13 = 50 × 50 = 2500atm2
799 (d) 806 (c)
𝐾𝑎1 𝑐 𝐴𝑋2 is ionised as follows
∵ Relative strength of weak acids = √( × 1)
𝐾𝑎2 𝑐2 𝐴𝑋2 ⇌ 𝐴2+ + 2𝑋 −
Assume 𝑐1 and 𝑐2 are same (Although not given) 𝑆 mol L−1 𝑆 2𝑆

𝐾𝑎1 2.1 × 10−4 Solubility product of 𝐴𝑋2

∴ Relative strength = √( ) = √( ) (𝐾sp ) = [𝐴2+ ][𝑋 − ]2 = 𝑆 × (2𝑆)2 = 4𝑆 3
𝐾𝑎2 1.1 × 10−5
P a g e | 126
 ∴ 𝐾sp of 𝐴𝑋2 = 3.2 × 10−11 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛𝑔
∴ 3.2 × 10−11 = 4𝑆 3 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 × (𝑅𝑇)−2
𝑆 3 = 0.8 × 10−11 = 8 × 10−11 or
𝐾𝑝
𝐾𝑐 = (𝑅𝑇)−2
Solubility = 2 × 10−4 mol/L
1.44×10−5
807 (b) = (0.082×773)−2
𝐾𝑠𝑝 1/3
𝑠 of Ag 2 SO4 = [
4
] or 1.44 × 10−5 ⁄(0.082 × 773)−2
1/3 816 (a)
5.5 × 10−5
=[ ] 10−5 × 𝑉 + 10−3 × 𝑉
4 [H + ] =
2𝑉
= 2.39 × 10−2 𝑀 1.01 × 10−3
𝑠 of AgBrO3 = √𝐾𝑠𝑝 = (2 × 10−5 )1/2 =
2
= 4.4 × 10−3 𝑀. ∴ pH = 3.2967
808 (a) 817 (c)
+
Base + H ⟶ Conjugate acid. [H3 O+ ][F − ]
𝐾𝑎 =
809 (c) [HF][H2 O]
𝑒. g. , CuSO4 is blue because Cu2+ ions are blue; [HF][OH − ]
and 𝐾𝑏 = −
CuCr2 O7 is green because Cu2+ is blue and Cr2 O2−7 [F ][H2 O]
is orange yellow. ∴ 𝐾𝑎 × 𝐾𝑏 = [H3 O+ ][OH − ] = 𝐾𝑤 .
810 (b) 818 (b)
−2
pH of HCl = 2 ∴ [HCl] = 10 𝑀 [H + ] = 10−pH = 10−4 M
pH of NaOH = 12 ∴ [NaOH] = 10−2 𝑀 819 (c)
HCl −2 + NaOH−2 ⟶ NaCl + H2 O Because pH = 8 shows basic nature but HCl is a
Meq.before 200×10 300×10
reaction =2 =3 0 0 strong acid
Meq.after reaction 0 1 2
2
820 (a)
− 1 −3
∴ [OH ] left from NaOH = 500
= 2 × 10 𝑀 [Ag + ]2 [CrO24 ] = 𝐾sp or 𝐾sp = (2𝑆)2 × 𝑆 = 4𝑆 3.
∴ −
pOH = − log OH = − log 2 × 10 −3 821 (b)
∴ pOH = 2.6989 𝐾𝑓 2.38 × 10−4
𝐾𝑐 = = = 2.92
∴ pH = 11.3010 𝐾𝑏 8.15 × 10−5
811 (d) 822 (c)
∆𝐺 0 = −2.303 𝑅𝑇 log 𝐾𝑝 ; pH = 3.82 = − log[H + ]
1.7 = −2.303 × 8.314 × 10−3 × 298 log 𝐾𝑝 ∴ [H + ] = 1.5 × 10−4 𝑀.
∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 0.5 823 (a)
813 (c) CH3 — CH3 is neutral or least acidic and thus, its
Aprotic solvents are those from which hydrogen conjugate base should be strongest.
ion or OH − cannot be derived. 824 (d)
814 (a) 𝐾𝑠𝑝 of Na2 S is very high.
𝑘𝑓 826 (c)
𝐾𝑐 =
𝑘𝑏 An increase H + favours the backward reaction.
∴ 20 = 𝐾
10 828 (a)
1
𝑏
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛g
∴ 𝑘𝑏 = 2 = 0.5
∆𝑛g = 1 − 1.5 = −0.5
815 (d) 𝐾
For the reversible reaction, 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)−1⁄2 = (𝑅𝑇)𝑐1⁄2
𝐾𝑐
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) ∴ = (𝑅𝑇)1⁄2
𝐾𝑝
∆𝑛𝑔 = 2 − (1 + 3)
829 (a)
= 2 − 4 = −2 For the reaction, we know that
𝑅 = 0.0821 L atm K −1 mol−1
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛g
𝑇 = 500 + 273 = 773 K

P a g e | 127
 where, ∆𝑛g = Number of gaseous moles of particular instant is proportional to the
product – Number of gaseous moles of product of active masses of the reactants at
reactant that instant raised to powers which are
Hence, if 𝐾𝑝 > 𝐾𝑐 , then ∆𝑛 must be positive. numerically equal to the numbers of their
It means that there is a decrease in volume of respective molecules.
reaction, hence low pressure will favour the 840 (d)
forward reaction. HCl is accepting proton in HF medium and acts as
weak base .
830 (b)
841 (a)
0.05 M Ba(OH)2 solution
2𝐴𝐵2 (g) ⇌ 2𝐴𝐵(g) + 𝐵2 (g)
≅ 2 × 0.05 N Ba(OH)2
1 0 0𝑥
≅ 0.10 N Ba(OH)2 1−𝑥 𝑥
2
∴ pOH = − log[OH − ] 𝑥 2 .𝑥 𝑃 1
∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 2(1−𝑥)2 [1+ 𝑥]
= − log(0.10) = 1 2
𝑥
pH = 14 − pOH 𝑥 being small ∴ 1 − 𝑥 ≈ 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 + ≈ 1
2
= 14 − 1 = 13 𝑥 3 .𝑃
∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 2
831 (d)
842 (d)
pH = 12 ∴ pOH = 2
[OH − ] = 10−2
According to Lewis, electron deficient species
∴
Now Ba(OH)2 = Ba2+ + 2OH − are called acids while bases are the
∴ 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = [Ba2+ ][OH − ]2 substances which have unshared pair of
10−2 electron and can donate the electron pair to
=[ ] [10−2 ]2 ∵ [Ba2+ ] the formation of coordinate bond. Hence,
2
1 H2 Ö: is a Lewis base while
= × [OH − ]
2 BF3 , AlCl3 and SO2 are Lewis acids.
= 5 × 10−7 . 843 (b)
832 (b) 0.1 M weak acid (HQ) has pH = 3
HSO−
4 is the conjugate base of H2 SO4 .
HSO− − + ∴ [H + ] = 𝐶𝛼 = 10−3
4 ⇌ HSO4 + H
acid conjugate
base
∴ 𝛼 = 10−2 (∵ 𝐶 = 10−1 )
833 (c)
Now for weak acid,
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛g
Here, ∆𝑛g = −1 and 𝐾𝑐 = 26 𝐾𝑎 = 𝐶𝛼 2 = 𝐶𝛼 ∙ 𝛼 = 10−3 × 10−2 = 10−5
𝑅 = 0.0812, 𝑇 = 250 + 273 = 523 K
844 (b)
𝐾𝑝 = 26 × (0.0812 × 523)−1 = 0.605 = 0.61
So that only II group radicals are precipitated,
835 (d)
otherwise III group also get precipitated.
NaCN (4 millimole) and HCl (2 millimole) on
845 (a)
reaction give 2 millimole of HCN and
Mg(OH)2 ⇌ Mg 2+ + 2OH −
2 millimole of NaCN are left which acts as buffer.
(𝑥)(2𝑥)2
837 (a)
𝐾sp = 4𝑥 3
Phenolphthalein furnishes H + and
846 (a)
phenolphthalein anion is solution. 2
838 (c) (𝑝SO3 ) (0.331)2
𝐾𝑝 = 2 = 2
= 2.5
Hg 2 I2 ⇌ Hg 2+ (𝑝SO2 ) (𝑝O2 ) (0.662) (0.101)
−
2 + 2I
𝐾sp = [Hg 2+ − 2
2 ][I ] (𝑝SO3 )2
Now, 𝐾𝑝 = 2 ;
839 (d) (𝑝SO2 ) 𝑃𝑂2

According to law of mass action, at a given If 𝑝SO3 = 𝑝SO2

temperature the rate of reaction at a
P a g e | 128
 Then,
1 1
𝑝O2 = 𝐾 = 2.5 = 0.4 atm [NH3 ]2 [CO2 ]
𝑝 𝐾𝑝 =
[NH2 COONH4 ]
847 (b)
2𝑝 2 𝑝
The salt with lower solubility product (AgI) (3) ×3
−5
2.9 × 10 =
will precipitate first from the solution by 1
adding KI. 4 × 𝑝3
2.9 × 10−5 =
848 (b) 27
27 × 2.9 × 10−5
The species which can donate a lone pair of ⇒𝑝 =3
4
electron, are called Lewis base e.g., = 1.9575
NH3 , H2 O, Cl− etc. 3
𝑝 = √1.9575 = 0.058
849 (a)
855 (c)
3𝐴 + 4𝐵 ⇌ 2𝐶 + 3𝐷
[𝐶]2 [𝐷]3
⇒ 𝐾1 = [𝐴]3 [𝐵]4 …(i)
𝐾𝑓 𝐾𝑤 When moles of 𝐶 = 1, the equation becomes
𝐾base NH3 = = (∵ 𝐾acid × 𝐾base 3 3
𝐾𝑏 𝐾acid NH+4 𝐴 + 2𝐵 ⇌ 𝐶 + 2 𝐷
2
= 𝐾𝑤 ) [𝐶][𝐷]3⁄2
⇒ 𝐾2 = [𝐴]3⁄2 [𝐵]2 ...(ii)
𝐾𝑓 10−14
or =
3.4 × 1010 5.6 × 10−10 On comparing Eq.(i) with Eq.(ii), we get
or 𝐾𝑓 = 6.07 × 105 s−1. 𝐾22 = 𝐾1 or 𝐾2 = (𝐾1 )1⁄2
850 (b) 1
Hence, equilibrium extent = 2
𝐾𝑆𝑝 is characteristic constant for given electrolyte.
856 (d)
851 (a)
It is an acid-base reaction;
C2 H2 + H2 ⇌ C2 H6
Rest all occurs in reverse direction. 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛
852 (b) ∆𝑛 = 1 − 2 = −1
Catalyst affect both the forward and 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)−1
backward reactions upto same extent, hence 857 (d)
it, overall does not affect the equilibrium 1
Meq. of HCl = 75 × = 15
state. However, it brings equilibrium state 5
1
quickly. Meq. of NaOH = 25 × = 5
5
853 (b) ∴ Meq. of HCl left = 15 − 5 = 10
Given, aqueous solution of 10
Now [HCl]left = 100 = 10−1
NH3 (weak base)𝐶 = 0.01 M
5 ∴ pH = 1
α = 5% = 100 858 (b)
5 A Lewis acid is a substance, which can accept
[OH − ] = 𝐶α = 0.01 × = 5 × 10−4
100
a pair of electrons, e.g., H3 O+ .
pOH = − log[OH − ]
860 (a)
= log(5 × 10−4 )
[NO2 ]2 [0.120/4]2
= 4 log 10 − log 5 𝐾𝑐 = = = 14.06
[NO]2 [O2 ] 0.080 2 0.64
= 4 − 0.6989 ( 4
) ( 4
)
= 3.3010 861 (b)
∴ pH = 14 − pOH = 14 − 3.3010 = 10.6990 N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO(g)
854 (b) 𝐾𝑐 = 0.1, 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛
NH2 COONH4 (𝑠) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) + CO2 (g) ∆𝑛 =Number of gaseous product – Number
1 2 4 of gaseous reactants
If 𝑝 is the total pressure at equilibrium ∆𝑛 = 2 − 2 = 0

P a g e | 129
 ∆𝑛 = 0 ∴ pH = 14 − 6.9996
∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 = 0.1 =7.0004=7
862 (c) 870 (b)
For the reaction, 𝐾𝑤 10−14
𝐾𝐻 = = = 5.65 × 10−10
P4 (𝑠) + 6Cl2 (g) ⇌ 4PCl3 (g) 𝐾𝑏 1.77 × 10−5
At t=0 1 1 0 871 (d)
At eq. (1 − 𝑥) (1 − 6𝑥) 4𝑥 1𝑀 solution of strong acid must have pH = 1.
Since, pH = 5 which is possible only when acid is
As (1 − 𝑥) > (1 − 6𝑥)
weak [H + ] = 𝑐 ∙ 𝛼.
Hence, at equilibrium [P4 ] > [Cl2 ]
872 (b)
865 (c)
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 𝑠 2
Dissociation of acetic acid increases as,
∴ 𝑠 = 1.0 × 10−4 𝑚/𝑙
CH3 COOH + NaOH ⟶ CH3 COONa + H2 O
100
866 (d) = 1.0 × 10−4 × 283 × mL
1000
The reaction in which number of moles of = 28.3 × 10−2 g/100mL
reactants= number of moles of products are 873 (d)
not effected by change in pressure or volume. For basic buffer,
H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g) [salt]
pOH = p𝐾𝑏 + log [base]
∴ Number of moles of reactant = number of
moles of products Given, [salt]=[base]=1
2=2 𝐾𝑏 = 2 × 10−5
∴ This reaction is not effected by change in ∴ pOH = p𝐾𝑏 = − log(2 × 10−5 )
pressure or volume. = 5 − log 2
867 (d) = 5 − 0.30 = 4.70
AgCl ⇌ Ag + + Cl− pH = 14 − pOH
𝑠 𝑠 = 14 − 4.70 = 9.30
+ − 2
𝐾𝑠𝑝 = [Ag ][Cl ] = 𝑠 874 (c)
𝑠 = √𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 1.1 × 10−10 = 10−5 NH4 Cl being a strong electrolyte, dissociates
Similarly 𝑠 for AgI is 10−8 , as
𝑠 for PbCrO4 is 2 NH4 Cl → NH4+ + Cl−
× 10−7 and 𝑠 for Ag 2 CO3 is 1.26 and NH4 OH as,
× 10−4 . NH4 OH ⇌ NH4+ + OH −
weak electrolyte common ion
Most soluble − Ag 2 CO3 , least soluble AgI
Due to the presence of common ion, the
868 (d)
degree of dissociation of NH4 OH decreases.
Given, concentration of NaOH = 10−10 M
Thus, less OH − ions are produced which are
NaOH → Na+ + OH −
10−10 10−10 10−10
sufficient only for the precipitation of
∴ [OH − ]from NaOH = 10−10 hydroxides if III group radicals and not of
∴ Total [OH − ] = 10−7 + 10−10 higher group radicals.
= 10−7 (1 + 0.001) 875 (c)
1001 Let molar solubility of Cr(OH)3 = 𝑠 mol L−1
= 10−7 (1000)
Cr(OH)3 (𝑠) ⇌ Cr 3+ (𝑎𝑞) + 3OH − (𝑎𝑞)
−10
= 10 × 1001 𝑠 3𝑠
−30
pOH = − log[OH − ] 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = 1.6 × 10 = [Cr 3+ ][OH − ]3
= − log(1001 × 10−10 ) = (𝑠)(3𝑠)3 = 27𝑠 4
= −3.004 + 10 1.6×10−30
∴ 𝑠4 = 27
= 6.9996
∵ pH + pOH = 14
P a g e | 130
 4 1.6×10−30 H− + H+ ⟶ H2
∴ 𝑠=√ Base Conjugate acid
27
884 (d)
876 (a)
Common ion effect is noticed only for weak
∆𝐺 0 = −2.303 𝑅𝑇 log 𝐾
electrolyte dissociation H2 SO4 is strong
− 4.606 × 103 = −2.303 × 2 × 500 log 𝐾
electrolyte.
∴ 𝐾 = 100
885 (b)
877 (b)
Acids liberate CO2 from bicarbonates.
2𝐴(g) ⇌ 3𝐶(g) + 𝐷(𝑠)
886 (c)
For this reaction, ∆𝑛g = 3 − 2 = 1
1 × 10−8 M HCl solution H2 O is also present
∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)1 there which also undergoes self ionisation.
𝐾𝑝
or 𝐾𝑐 = 𝑅𝑇 H2 O ⇌ H + + OH −
10−7 M at 25℃
878 (a)
BaCl2 + Na2 SO4 → BaSO4 ↓ +2NaCl If it is taken simply even without common ion
879 (d) effect, higher concentration must be
CCl4 is not a Lewis or Bronsted acid as it does not considered which is 10−7 M but H + from HCl
contain H + and has complete ocetet decreases self ionisation which further
880 (a) decreases self ionisation, hence
1
Given, NO2 ⇌ 2 N2 + O2 , 𝐾1 [H + ]from H2 O.
…(i) Hence, net concentration must be smaller
N2 O4 ⇌ 2NO2 , 𝐾2 than 10−7 M.
887 (b)
…(ii)
Number of moles of PCl5 dissociated at
Required reaction
equilibrium
N2 + 2O2 ⇌ N2 O4 , 𝐾
= 2 × 40⁄100 = 0.8
…(iii)
PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2
By squaring Eq. (i) we get,
(Initial)2 0 0
2NO2 ⇌ N2 + 2O2 , 𝐾12
(At equilibrium) (2-0.8) mol 0.8 mol 0.8
…(iv)
mol
Now, Eq (iii) is obtained by inverting Eq. (ii) 1.2
and Eq. (iv) and by adding them as. [PCl5 ] = = 0.6 ML−1
2
1 0.8
N2 + 2O2 ⇌ 2NO2 , [PCl3 ] = [Cl2 ] = = 0.4 ML−1
𝐾12 2
1 [PCl3 ][Cl2 ] 0.4×0.4
2NO2 ⇌ N2 O4 , ∴ 𝐾𝑐 = [PCl5 ]
=
𝐾2 0.6
3
--------------------------------------------------------- = 0.267 mol/dm
N2 + 2O2 ⇌ N2 O4 ,
1 1
+K 888 (c)
𝐾12 2 In liquid ⇌ vapour, equilibrium the rate at
which molecules escape from the liquid
881 (b)
surface to gaseous phase equals to rate at
𝐶1 α12 = 𝐶2 α22 which molecules in the gas phase strike the
0.1 × 12 = 0.025 × α22 surface and becomes the part of liquid. Hence,
α22 = 4 the molecules in the two phases have equal
α=2 kinetic energy.
882 (d) 889 (b)
∆𝑛 may be zero, positive or negative integers or 12.8
fractional depending upon nature of reaction. [HI] = = 0.033𝑀
128 × 3
∆𝑛 = No. of mole of products – No. of mole of 890 (b)
reactants. NH4 Cl salt gives an acidic solution in water
883 (b)
P a g e | 131
 NH4 Cl ⇌ NH4+ + Cl− [Me+ ]
log 𝐾𝑏 = log + log OH −
[MeOH]
[MeOH]
or p𝐾𝑏 = log + log pOH
[Me+ ]
The indicator is more effective when
[MeOH] [Me+ ]
or =1
[Me+ ] [MeOH]
891 (d) Thus, pOH = p𝐾𝑏 ; Thus, working range is pOH ±
∆n= 1 for this change; Unit of 𝐾𝑝 = (atm)∆𝑛 ; 1.
Unit of 𝐾𝑐 = (mol litre−1 )∆𝑛 898 (c)
892 (a) 1 1
∆𝑛 = 1 − 1 − = −
As2 S3 ⇌ 2As 3+ + 3S 2− 2 2
−1/2
∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)
5 mol/L 2𝑠 3𝑠
𝐾sp = [As3+ ]2 [S 2− ]3 899 (d)
Find solubility by 4𝑠 3 = 𝐾𝑠𝑝 for Ag 2 S and 𝑠 2 =
= (2𝑠)2 (3𝑠)3
𝐾𝑠𝑝 for CuS and HgS.
= 108𝑠 5
1 900 (a)
5 𝐾sp 𝐾sp 5
∴ 𝑠 = √108 or (108) pH = − log[H + ]
[H + ] = 0.0001 = 1 × 10−4
5 2.8×10−72
=√ pH = − log [1 × 10−4 ] = 4
108
5 901 (c)
= √25.93 × 10−75 𝑁 H2 SO4 = 0.05 × 2 = 0.1
= 1.92 × 10−15 mol/L ∴ [H + ] = 0.1 and pH = 1.
893 (c) 902 (d)
[HCO− +
3 ][H3 O ]
𝐾𝑝 = ; Phenolphthalein exists as HPh, 𝑖. 𝑒., undissociated
[CO2 ]
molecule in acid medium and thus, shown no
Given, 𝐾𝑝 = 3.8 × 10−7
colour.
and [H3 O+ ] = 10−6
903 (c)
[HCO−
3] 3.8 × 10−7
∴ [CO2 ]
= 10−6
= 3.8 × 10−1 [H + ] = 1.5 × 10−2
10−14
894 (a) ∴ [OH − ] = = 6.7 × 10−13 𝑀.
1.5×10−2
Blood buffer controls the pH change by acidic 904 (b)
components present metabolically. [product]
𝐾𝑐 = [reactant]
895 (d)
N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 if 𝐾𝑐 >> 1
1 2 3 : Before reaction ⇒ [product]>>[reactant]
(1- 𝑥) (2-3𝑥) (3+2𝑥) : After reaction ⇒ Reaction favoured more towards forward.
𝑥 mole of N2 will react with 3𝑥 mole of H2 to give 905 (a)
2𝑥 mole of NH3 . Notice the stoichiometry of [𝐶]3 (4/2)3
change. 𝑄= = = 16;
[𝐴][𝐵] (1/2)(2/2)
896 (a) Given, 𝐾𝑐 = 20;
𝐾𝑝 is independent of pressure. Thus, to have 𝑄 = 𝐾𝑐 ;
897 (a) The concentration of 𝐶 must increase, i.e., reaction
Methyl orange is good indicator in the range of should proceed from left to right
pH 3 to 4. Actually working range of good 906 (b)
indicator can be derived as, pH = pK 𝑎 if [Conjugate base] = [Acid].
MeOH ⇌ Me+ + OH − 907 (b)
[Me+ ][OH − ] An increase in temperature favours endothermic
𝐾𝑏 = ; Taking logarithm
[MeOH] reaction.
908 (a)
P a g e | 132
 Lewis acids are those species which can Equilibrium constant for the reaction,
1
accept a lone pair of electron. SO2 (g) + O2 ⇌ SO3 (g)
2
BF3 , AlCl3 , SnCl4 , FeCl3 etc. are Lewis acids. 1
𝐾𝑐 = 4.9×10−2
NCl3 and 𝑅𝑂𝑅 are Lewis bases. HCl is acid
according to the concept of Arrhenius and and for 2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3 (g)
1 2
Bronsted-Lowry. 𝐾𝑐 = (4.9×10−2 )
909 (c) 104
pH = 4 ∴ [H + ]I = 10−4 = (4.9)2 = 416.49
pH = 5 ∴ [H + ]II = 10−5 ∴ [H + ]II = [H + ]I × 10−1. 917 (c)
910 (d) p𝐾𝑎 = − log 𝐾𝑎 = log 𝐾
1
Each acid has P of +5 oxidation state as in P2 O5. 𝑎

911 (b) 918 (a)

AgIO3 (𝑠) ⇌ Ag + (𝑎𝑞) + IO− 𝐴𝐵 ⇌ 𝐴 + 𝐵
3 (𝑎𝑞)
[𝐴][𝐵]
Let solubility of AgIO3 be 𝑆 𝐾=
[𝐴𝐵]
𝐾sp = [Ag + ][IO3− ]
If concentration of 𝐴 is doubled, the equilibrium
1.0 × 10−8 = 𝑆 2 or 𝑆 = 1 × 10−4 mol/L concentration of 𝐵 becomes half
In 1000 mL of mol of AgIO3 dissolved = 1 × 919 (b)
10−4 mol Degree of dissociation=0.4
In 100 mL of mol of AgIO3 dissolved = 1 × PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2
10−5 mol 𝑎(1 − 𝑥) 𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑥
Mass of AgIO3 in 100 mL =1 × 10−5 × 283 𝑎 = 2, 𝑥 = 0.4, 𝑉 = 2
= 2.83 × 10−3 [PCl5 ] =
2(1−0.4)
= 0.6 mol/L
2
912 (a) 2×0.4
H3 BO3 accepts OH − ions to act as weak [PCl3 ] = = 0.4 mol/L
2
monobasic Lewis acid. 2×0.4
[Cl2 ] = = 0.4 mol/L
− + −9 2
H3 BO3 + H2 O ⟶ B(OH)4 + H ; 𝐾𝑎 = 10 [PCl3 ][Cl2 ]
913 (d) ∴ 𝐾𝑐 = [PCl
5]
𝑒. g. , BCl3 is a Lewis acid as it accepts lone pair of 0.4×0.4
= 0.6 = 0.267
electron but not Lowry-Bronsted acid as it cannot
furnish H3 O+ in solution. 920 (a)
914 (a) An increase in temperature favours endothermic
For equation H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g), the reaction, however, in case of NaOH it is an
exception and solubility of NaOH increase in
value of
temperature.
∆𝑛 = 2 − (1 + 1) = 0
921 (a)
Hence, by using formulae 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛 ∆𝑛 = 0
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)0 922 (a)
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 HSO− +
4 → H + SO4
2−

915 (b) 923 (c)

An increase in the concentration of products
5 𝐾 5 10−70
𝑠𝑝
Solubility = √ = √ = 9.8 × 10 −13 always brings in backward reaction.
108 108 924 (b)
−8 For Na 𝑋
= √7 × 10 −16 = 2.64 × 10
= √𝐾𝑠𝑝 = √8 × 10−37 = 8.94 × 10−19 𝑋 − +H2 O ⇌ H𝑋 + OH −
1−ℎ ℎ ℎ

3 𝐾𝑠𝑝 3 6 × 10−51 𝐾𝐻 𝐾𝑤 10−14

=√ =√ = 1.1 × 10−17 ∴ℎ=√ =√ = √ −5
4 4 𝑐 𝐾𝑎 ∙ 𝑐 10 × 0.1
916 (a) = √10−8 = 10−4

P a g e | 133
 ∴ % ℎ = 10−4 × 100 = 10−2 = 0.01 √10−5
= 4
925 (a)
∆𝑛 = 2 + 1 − 2 = + 1 ∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)1 = 10−2 mol/L
∴ 𝐾𝑝 > 𝐾𝑐 ∵ BaSO4 has least solubility.
926 (b) ∴ It will precipitated first.
A basic salt has one or more replaceable OH in it. 931 (b)
927 (b) 𝐾𝐶1 for H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI is 50
2 −2 2 −5 𝐾𝐶2 for 2HI ⇌ H2 + I2
𝐾𝑎 = 𝐶𝛼 = 0.1 × (1.34 × 10 ) = 1.79 × 10 .
928 (b) [HI]2
𝐾𝐶1 = [H ][I ] …(i)
HCl is a strong acid and its conjugate base is a 2 2
[H2 ][I2 ]
very weak base Cl− 𝐾𝐶2 = [HI] 2 …(ii)
929 (c) On reversing Eq.(i)
∆𝐺  1 [H ][I ]
2.303 log10 𝐾 = − = 2 22 …(iii)
𝑅𝑇 𝐾𝑐1 [HI]
−∆𝐻  ∆𝑆 
2.303 log10 𝐾 = 𝑅𝑇
+ 𝑅
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii)
930 (b) 1 1
𝐾𝑐2 + = = 0.02
The compound which is having least 𝐾𝑐1 50
solubility will be precipitated first. 932 (b)
A reaction which is in equilibrium, will shift in
BaSO4 : Given, 𝐾sp = 10−11
reverse or backward direction when we increase
Let the solubility=𝑥 mol/L the concentration of one or more products (from
BaSO4 → Ba2 + SO2− 4 Le-Chatelier’sprinciple)
𝑥 𝑥
933 (d)
∴ 𝐾sp = [Ba2+ ][SO2−
4 ] N2 O5 and HNO3 both have ox.no. of N = +5.
or 𝐾sp = 𝑥 × 𝑥 934 (a)
∴ 𝐾sp = 𝑥 2 Fusion of solid is an endothermic process, so
or 𝑥 = √𝐾sp addition of heat is favoured for the forward
reaction (solid to melt), the amount of solid
= √10−11
become decrease.
= 3.16 × 10−6 mol/L
935 (a)
CaSO3 : Given, 𝐾sp = 10−6
Conjugate base is formed by loss of H + .
Let the solubility=𝑥 mol/L OH − → O2− + H +
CaSO4 → [Ca2+ ][SO2−4 ] Conjugate base
∴ 𝐾sp = [Ca ][So2−
2+
4 ] O 2−
is the conjugate base of OH − .
or 𝐾sp = 𝑥 × 𝑥 936 (b)
∴ 𝐾sp = 𝑥 2 Al(OH)3 ⇌ Al3+ + 3OH −
𝑠 3𝑠

or 𝑥 = √𝐾𝑠𝑝 ∴ 𝐾𝑠𝑝 = [Al3+ ][OH − ]3 = 𝑠 × (3𝑠)3 = 27𝑠 4

937 (b)
= √10−6 HCl is strong acid. In its 0.1 M solution,
= 1 × 10−3 mol/L [H + ] = 0.1 M and hence, pH = 1 NH4 Cl(𝑎𝑞)
AgSO4 : Given, 𝐾sp = 10−5 hydrolysis in solution and give acidic solution
Let the solubility=𝑥 mol/L which is less than 0.1 M HCl. NaCl is not
Ag 2 SO4 → 2Ag + + SO2−
4 hydrolysed in aqueous solutions. Its pH=7.
2𝑥 𝑥
NaCN undergoes hydrolysis in solution to give
∴ 𝐾sp = [Ag + ]2 [SO2−
4 ]
alkaline solution. So, the pH increases in the
or = (2𝑥)2 (𝑥) order
or 𝐾sp = 4𝑥 3 HCl < NH4 Cl < NaCl < 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑁
3
√𝐾sp 938 (a)
or 𝑥= 4
P a g e | 134
 ∆𝐺 = 0; at equilibrium NaCN + HCl is not a buffer but if HCl is in less
939 (b) amount then, it gives a buffer as it produces HCN.
[H+ ] [CN− ] NaCN + HCl ⟶ NaCl + HCN
𝐾𝑎 = ; Mole added 0.01 𝑎 0 0
[HCN] 𝛼 𝛼
Mole after reaction (0.01−α) 0

An increase in [CN − ] will decrease [H + ] to This is buffer of HCN + NaCN.

maintain 𝐾𝑎 constant. Let 𝑎 mole of HCl be used for this purpose
0.01 − 𝑎
940 (d) ∴ pH = − log 𝐾𝑎 + log
𝑎
The solubility product (𝐾sp ) of a sparingly 0.01 − 𝑎
8.5 = − log 4.1 × 10−10 + log
soluble salt at a given temperature may be 𝑎
∴ 𝑎 = 8.85 × 10−3 mole of HCl.
defined as the product of the molar
946 (b)
concentrations of its ions each raised to the [𝐶]3 43 × 3 × 3
Quotient 𝑄 = [𝐴][𝐵] = = 10.66
power equal to its number of ions present in 33 × 1 × 2

the equation representing the dissociation of 4 1 2

[[𝐶] = ; [𝐴] = ; [𝐵] = ]
one molecule of the salt. 3 3 3
Fe(OH)3 ⇌ Fe3+ + 3OH − Since, 𝐾𝑐 = 10, Thus, 𝑄 must decrease to attain
𝑋 𝑋 3𝑋 value of 𝐾𝑐 and therefore, [𝐶] must decrease or [𝐴]
𝐾sp = [Fe3+ ][OH − ]3 or [𝐵] must increase, i.e., backward direction.
∴ 𝐾sp = 𝑋(3𝑋)3 = 27𝑋 4 947 (d)
941 (d) CH3 COO− + H2 O ⇌ CH3 COOH + OH −
Baking soda (NaHCO3 ) has one replaceable H. 𝐾ℎ
942 (b) ∴ [OH − ] = 𝑐 ∙ ℎ = 𝑐√[ ]
𝑐
Na2 CO3 + H2 O → 2NaOH + H2 CO3
∵ NaOH is strong base. 𝐾𝑤
= √[ ∙ 𝑐]
∴ It will be more ionised and number of 𝐾𝑎
Na+ and OH − ions will be more.
10−14 × 1
∵ H2 CO3 is weak acid . =√ = 2.35 × 10−5
1.8 × 10−5
∴ It will be less ionised and number of
∴ pOH = 4.6289
H + and CO2−3 will be less.
∴ pH = 9.3710
∴ The solution will have more hydroxide ions
948 (b)
than carbonate ions. A very high value of 𝐾 for the given
943 (c)
equilibrium shows that dissociation of
Milli equivalent of H + from HCl = 10 × 0.1 = 1
glucose to form HCHO is very-very small.
Milli equivalent of H + from H2 SO4 = 40 × 0.2 ×
2 = 16
Hence, at equilibrium, we can take,
Total Meq. of H + in solution = 1 + 16 = 17 [C6 H12 O6 ] = 1 M
[C6 H12 O6 ] 22 1
17 Meq. 𝐾 = , 𝑖. 𝑒. , 6 × 10 =
∴ [H + ] = = 3.4 × 10 −1
(∵ [H +]
= ) [HCHO] 6 [HCHO] 6
50 𝑉in mL ⁄
1 6
1
∴ pH = − log[H + ] = − log 0.34 or [HCHO] = (6×1022 ) = 1.6 × 10−4 M
pH = 0.4685. 949 (c)
944 (b) Polyprotic acids furnishes more than one H + ion
Before attaining the equilibrium, the rate of in solution.
forward reaction decreases due to decrease in 950 (a)
concentration of reactant with time and the rate of Sb2 S3 ⇌ 2Sb3+ + 3S 2−
backward reaction increases due to increase in
𝑠 mol/L 2𝑠 3𝑠
concentration of products with time.
945 (a)
Solubility product (𝐾sp ) = [Sb3+ ]2 [S 2− ]3

P a g e | 135
 = (2𝑠)2 (3𝑠)3 = 959 (b)
108𝑠 5 At 25℃; [H + ] = 10−7 ∴ 𝐾𝑤1 = 10−14
= 108 × (1.0 × At 35℃; [H + ] = 10−6 ∴ 𝐾𝑤2 = 10−12
10 −5 )5
= 108 × 10 −25 𝐾𝑤 ∆𝐻 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
∵ 2.303 log 2 = [ ]
951 (d) 𝐾𝑤1 𝑅 𝑇1 × 𝑇2
10−3 𝑁 KOH will give [OH − ] = 10−3 10−12 ∆𝐻 10
2.303 log −14 = [ ]
∴ pOH = 3 10 2 298 × 308
Also, pH + pOH = 14 ∴ ∆𝐻 = 84551.4 cal/mol
∴ pH = 11. = 84.551 kcal/mol
952 (d) Thus, H2 O = H + + OH − ; ∆𝐻 =
HSO−4 can accept a proton (forms H2 SO4 ) or can
84.551 kcal/mol
donate a proton (forms SO2−4 ).
∴ H + + OH − = H2 O; ∆𝐻 =
953 (b) −84.551 kcal/mol.
H𝐴 + H2 O ⇌ H3 O+ + 𝐴− 960 (b)
[H3 O+ ][𝐴− ] Lesser is the pH, more is acidic nature.
𝐾= [H𝐴][H2 O] 961 (b)
954 (d) Strong electrolyte are 100% ionised in solution
The minimum temperature at which the state and thus number of ions present in solution
combination of N2 and H2 occurs at measurable becomes constant at normal dilution. On further
rate is 500C in Haber’s process. No doubt if increasing dilution, the mobility of ion increase
temperature is raised up, above 500C, it will due to relaxation and electrophoretic effect.
favour backward reaction, because the reaction is 962 (c)
[XeOF4 ][HF]2
exothermic. 𝐾1 = ..
[XeF6 ][H2 O]
955 (a)
(i)
CO2 + H2 ⇌ H2 O + CO [XeOF4 ][XeO3 F2 ]
1 1 0 0 𝐾2 = [XeO4 ][XeF6 ]
..
(1−𝑥) (1−𝑥) 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥2 (ii)
∴ 𝐾𝑐 = By Eq.(ii)/(i) we have 𝐾2 =
𝐾 [XeO3 F2 ][H2 O]
= 𝐾𝑐
(1 − 𝑥)2 1 [XeO4 ][HF]2
𝑥
Or
1−𝑥
= √𝐾 𝑐 = √1.8; 963 (d)
∴
𝑥
= 1.34, 𝐾𝑠𝑝 of CaF2 = 4𝑠 3 = 4 × (2 × 10−4 )3 = 32 ×
1−𝑥
∴ 𝑥 = 0.573 𝑀. 10−12.
956 (c) 964 (a)
𝐾𝑝2 ∆𝐻 [𝑇2 −𝑇1 ]
The equilibrium constant does not change 2.303 log 𝐾 = 𝑅 𝑇 𝑇
𝑝1 1 2
when concentration of reactant is changed as Thus, if 𝐾𝑃2 > 𝐾𝑃1 ; 𝑇2 > 𝑇1 , then ∆H = +ve
the concentration of product also get changed 965 (b)
accordingly. 4NH3 + 5O2 ⇌ 4NO + 6H2 O
957 (a) [NO]2 [H2 O]6
𝐾𝑐 =
[NH3 ]4 [O2 ]5
(i)BF3 and BCl3 are better Lewis acid than
BMe3 and B2 H6 due to –𝐼-effect of Cl and F. Hence, units of 𝐾𝑐 = Conc +1 .
(ii)Between BCl3 and BF3 , BCl3 is better Lewis 966 (a)
acid due to lesser extent of 𝑝π − 𝑝π back H2 I2 ⇌ 2HI
bonding in it. Initially 1 mol 2 mol 2 mol
958 (c) At equili 0.2 mol 2-0.8 2 0.8
Potassium ferrocyanide is a complex salt 1.2 mol 1.6 mol
because in it ferrocyanide [Fe(CN)6 ]4− is the Amount of H2 (and )
hence I2 consumed
complex ion. It does not give test for ferric 1 − 0.2 0.8
and cyanide ions. 967 (c)
Ionic product ∝ temperature
P a g e | 136
 So, if the temperature is decreased, the value The value of equilibrium constant remains
of ionic product will definitely be less than constant for a given reaction of constant
before. temperature.
968 (b) 974 (b)
CH3 NH2 (base) on reaction with HCl (acid) to Gaseous HCl does not give H + but liquid HCl
give a salt of weak base and strong acid as givesH + in aqueous solution, therefore gaseous
CH3 NH3+ Cl− HClis not an Arrhenius acid due to covalent
CH3 NH2 + HCl → CH3 NH3+ Cl− bonding in gaseous condition
At=0 0.1 mol 0.8 mol 0.08 mol 975 (d)
After reaction (0.1-0.08) Buffer solution consists of weak acid and its
=0.02 mol salt with strong base. And a basic buffer
So, it acts as basic buffer solution due to solution is a mixture of weak base and its salt
presence of base and salt in solution of 1 L. with strong acid.
[salt] 976 (a)
pOH = − log10 𝐾𝑏 + log10 [base]
1
[CH3 NH+ − p𝐾𝑎 ∝ 𝐾
3 Cl ]
pOH = − log10 𝐾𝑏 + log10 𝑎
[CH3 NH2 ]
Stronger the acid, higher the 𝐾𝑎 value and
[0.08]
= − log10 5 × 10−4 + log10 [0.02] lower the p𝐾𝑎 value.
= − log10 5 + 4 log10 10 + The order of acidity of given acids is as
[0.08] CH3 CHCOOH > CH3 CHCOOH
log10 [0.02]
>FCH2 CH2 COOH > CH3 CH2 COOH
= −0.699 + 4 + 0.602 = 3.903 | |
pH = 14 − pOH F Br
= 14 − 3.903 Since, CH3 CH2 COOH is the weakest acid
= 10.097 = − log10 [H + ] among the given, its p𝐾𝑎 value will be highest.
∴ [H + ] = 8.0 × 10−11 977 (a)
969 (a) PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl2
H3 BO3 accepts OH − to form its conjugate base 0 0 0 initially
B(OH)−4, 2×60 2×40 2×40
at equilibrium
H3 BO3 + H2 O ⇌ B(OH)− 4 +H
+ 100 100 100
Volume of container = 2L
970 (d) 2×40 2×40
∆𝑛 = 1 − 2 = −1 100×2
× 100×2
𝐾𝑐 = 2×60 = 0.266
∴ 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛
100×2
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑐 (𝑅𝑇)−1 979 (a)
971 (a) According to law of mass action
1 3 [NO2 ]2 [1.2×10−2 ]
2
N2 + H2 ⇌ NH3 𝐾𝑐 = [N = = 0.3 ×
2 2 2 O4 ] 4.8×10−2
20 3 × 20 20 × 2
(1 − 100) (3 − 100 ) ( 100 ) mole at eq. 10−2 = 3 × 10−3 mol/L
[NH3 ] [20 × 2/(100 × 3)] 981 (d)
𝐾𝑐 = =
[N2 ]1/2 [H2 ]3/2 80 1/2 240 3/2 Lewis acid have a tendency to accept
[100 × 3] [100 × 3]
electrons while Bronsted acids have a
= 0.36 L mol−1
tendency to donate proton.
972 (a)
An irreversible reaction is one in which either of
(A)HCl → H + + Cl−
the product is separated out as solid or escapes out Bronsted acid
as gas. (B)H2 SO4 → H + + HSO− 4
973 (a) Bronsted acid
(C)HSO−3 → H + + SO2−3
Bronsted acid
P a g e | 137
 (D) 3.Constant removal of ammonia gas as it is
formed.

990 (b)
An efflorescent salt is one that loses H2 O to
982 (d)
atmosphere. For the reaction,
Heat will be used to melt ice.
CuSO4 . 5H2 O(𝑠) ⇌ CuSO4 . 3H2 O(𝑠) + 2H2 O(𝑣)
983 (a) 2
In an acidic solution [H + ] > 10−7 𝐾𝑝 = (𝑃H′ 2 O ) = 1.086 × 10−4
pH is less than 7. 𝑃H′ 2 O = 1.042 × 10−2 atm = 7.92 mm
In an alkaline solution [H + ] < 10−7 , pH is ∵ If 𝑃H′ 2 O AT 25C < 7.92 mm only then, reaction
greater than 7. will proceed in forward direction.
984 (b) 991 (c)
−H+ −H+
H2 SO4 (acid) → HSO− Acid → conjugate base;
4 (Conjugate base).
+H+
985 (b) Base → conjugate acid.
Given, [H2 ] = 8.0 mol/L 992 (d)
[I2 ] = 3.0 mol/L
𝑐 𝐾𝑎
[HI] = 28 mol/L [H + ] = 𝑐 ∙ 𝛼 = √[ ] = √𝐾𝑎 𝑐
𝑐
𝐾 =?
993 (a)
H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI
[HI]2 (28)2
Gas ⇌ Liquid; ∆𝐻 = −ve;
∴ 𝐾 = [H = (8)×(3) Apply Le-Chatelier’s principle
2 ][I2 ]
28 × 28 994 (c)
= 𝐾
24 ℎ = √ 𝐶ℎ
= 32.66
986 (a) where, 𝐾ℎ = hydrolysis constant =?
ℎ = degree of hydrolysis = 0.25% =
𝑐 𝐾𝑎
[H + ] = 𝑐𝛼 = √[ ] = √𝐾𝑎 𝑐 = √5 × 10−8 × 0.1 0.25⁄100
𝑐
𝐶 = concentration = 0.5 M
= 7.07 × 10−5 𝑀
0.25 𝐾
987 (d) ∴ = √0.5ℎ
100
𝑥2
𝐾𝑐 = ; 0.25 2 𝐾
4(1 − 𝑥)2 or ( 100 ) = 0.5ℎ
If, 𝑥 = 0.5; 0.25×0.25×0.5
0.5 × 0.5 1
∴ 𝐾ℎ = 100×100
𝐾𝑐 = = = 0.25 = 3.125 × 10−6
4 × (0.5)2 4
988 (b) 995 (c)
CH3 COOH is weak acid and thus, partially ionised, Only CO2 is gas at equilibrium and 𝐾𝑝 , 𝐾𝑐 formula
+ −
CH3 COOH + H2 O ⇌ H3 O + CH3 COO . does not involve solid state.
989 (a) 996 (d)
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 3NH3 (g) + 92.3 kJ 2NaNO3 ⇌ 2NaNO2 + O2
According to Le-Chatelier’s principle, the According to Le-Chatelier principle, low pressure,
favourable conditions for the reaction are high temperature and addition of NaNO3 favour
1.Low temperature (as the reaction is forward reaction
997 (b)
exothermic)
pH of the solution 𝐴 = 3
2.High pressure (volume is decreasing) [H + ]𝐴 = 10−3 M
pH of the solution 𝐵 = 2
[H + ]𝐵 = 10−2 M
[H + ] = 10−3 + 10−2 = 11 × 10−3
P a g e | 138
 pH = − log(11 × 10−3 ) = 3 − log 11 1×10−3 ×𝑉+1×10−5 ×𝑉
=
= 3 − 1.04 = 1.9 𝑉+𝑉
𝑉(1×10−3 +1×10−5 )
998 (c) = 2𝑉
Meq. of KOH = Meq. of H3 PO3 1.01×10−3
0.1 × 𝑣 = 20 × 0.1 × 2 (H3 PO3 is dibasic) = 2
∴ 𝑣 = 40 mL = 5.05 × 10−4
100 (a) pH of resultant solution = − log[H + ]
0 [H + ]for the solution of pH 3= 1 × 10−3 = −log(5.05 × 10−4 )
[H + ]for the solution of pH 5= 1 × 10−5 = 3.29
Let 𝑉 volumes of both the solutions are ≈ 3.3
added, then concentration of H + in final
mixture

P a g e | 139
Session : 2025-26 AS PER NEW NTA SYLLABUS
Total Questions :1020

JEE/NEET CHEMISTRY
7.EQUILIBRIUM

Assertion - Reasoning Type

This section contain(s) 0 questions numbered 1 to 0. Each question contains STATEMENT 1(Assertion) and
STATEMENT 2(Reason). Each question has the 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.

a) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True; Statement 2 is correct explanation for Statement 1

b) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is True; Statement 2 is not correct explanation for Statement 1

c) Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is False

d) Statement 1 is False, Statement 2 is True

Statement 1: On cooling in a freezing mixture, colour of the mixture turns to pink from deep blue for a
reaction.CO(H2 O)2+ − 2−
6 (aq) + 4Cl (aq) ⇌ COCl4 (aq) + 6H2 O(I)
Statement 2: Reaction is endothermic, so on cooling the reaction moves to backward direction.

Statement 1: The pH of a buffer solution containing equal moles of acetic acid and sodium
acetate is 4.8 (p𝐾𝑎 of acetic acid is 4.8)
Statement 2: The ionic product of water at 25℃ is 10−14 mol2 L−2 . The correct answer is

Statement 1: Buffer system of carbonic acid and sodium bicarbonate is used for the precipitation of
hydroxides of third group elements
Statement 2: It maintains the pH to a constant value, about 7.4

Statement 1: Catalyst affects the final state of the equilibrium.

Statement 2: It enables the system to attain a new equilibrium state by complexing with the reagents.

Statement 1: Addition of neon to PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) equilibrium at constant volume does not
affect this equilibrium
Statement 2: Active masses of reactants and products do not change when volume remains constant

Statement 1: The value of 𝐾 gives us a relative idea about the extent to which a reaction proceeds

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 Statement 2: The value of 𝐾 is independent of the stochiometry of reactants and products at the point
of equilibrium
7

Statement 1: The reaction, 2NO(g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g) is favoured in the forward direction with
increase of pressure
Statement 2: The reaction is exothermic

Statement 1: The aqueous solution of CH3 COONa is alkaline in nature.

Statement 2: Acetate ion undergoes anionic hydrolysis.

Statement 1: NaCl solution can be purified by passage of hydrogen chloride through brine.

Statement 2: This type of purification is based on Le- Chatelier principle .

10

Statement 1: Solubility of BaSO4 in 0.1 M Na2 SO4 is 10−9 M, hence its 𝐾sp is 10−18

Statement 2: Because for BaSO4 , 𝐾sp = 𝑆 2

11

Statement 1: Dry HCl shall not act as an acid

Statement 2: For the acidic or basic properties, the presence of water is absolutely necessary

12

Statement 1: Increase of temperature favour the formation of NH3 by Haber’s process

Statement 2: Increase of pressure and addition of catalyst favour the formation of NH3

13

Statement 1: For the reaction, N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) Unit of 𝐾𝑐 𝐿2 mol−2

Statement 2: For the reaction N (g) + 3H (g) ⇌ 2NH (g)Equilibrium constant 𝐾 = [NH3 ]2
2 2 3 𝑐 [N ][H ]3 2 2

14

Statement 1: Methyl orange is used as indicator in Na2 CO3 titrating against HCl solution

Statement 2: The pH range of methyl orange is 3.1 to 4.5

15

Statement 1: Effect of temperature on Kc and Kp depends on enthalpy change.

Statement 2: Increase in temperature shifts the equilibrium in exothermic direction and decrease in
temperature shifts the equilibrium position in endothermic direction.
16

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 Statement 1: For gaseous reaction when ∆n = 0, K P = K c , ∆n=change n the number fo gas moles.

Statement 2: For gaseous reaction Kp=Kc (RT)∆𝑛

17

Statement 1: Ice ⇌ Water, if pressure is applied water will evaporate

Statement 2: Increase of pressure pushes the equilibrium towards the side in which umber of gaseous
mole decrease
18

Statement 1: A solution ofFeCl3 in water produce brown precipitate on standing

Statement 2: Hydrolysis of FeCl3 takes place in water

19

Statement 1: Addition of an inert gas to the equilibrium mixture has no effects on the states of
equilibrium at constant volume or at constant pressure.
Statement 2: The addition of inert gas at constant volume will not alter the concentration of the
reactants as well as products of a reaction mixture.
20

Statement 1: On opening a sealed soda bottle dissolved CO2 escapes

Statement 2: Gas escapes to reach the new equilibrium condition of lower pressure.

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Session : 2025-26 AS PER NEW NTA SYLLABUS
Total Questions :1020

JEE/NEET CHEMISTRY
7.EQUILIBRIUM

: ANSWER KEY :

1) a 2) b 3) d 4) d 13) a 14) a 15) c 16) a

5) a 6) c 7) b 8) a 17) d 18) a 19) a 20) a

9) c 10) d 11) a 12) d

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Session : 2025-26 AS PER NEW NTA SYLLABUS
Total Questions :1020

JEE/NEET CHEMISTRY
7.EQUILIBRIUM

: HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :

1 (a) According to Le-Chatelier’s principle with

increase of pressure, equilibrium shifts in that
CO(H2 O)2+ 2−
6 (pink) while CoCl4 (blue); so on direction in which lesser number of gaseous
cooling because of Le-Chatelier’s principle the moles are produced
reaction tries to overcome the effect the
temperature. 8 (a)

2 (b) CH3 COONa + H2 O → CH3 COOH + NaOH

Both Assertion and Reason are true statement The above process takes place in following
but Reason is not the correct explanation of steps
Assertion. pH of a buffer solution is given by
Henderson-Haselbalch equation.
[salt]
pH = p𝐾𝑎 + log [acid]
CH3 COO− + H2 O ⟶ CH3 COOH + OH −
∴ pH = p𝐾𝑎 (when [salt]=[acid]) Acetate ion undergoes anionic hydrolysis and
3 (d) the resulting solution is slightly basic due to
excess of OH − ions. Hence, both Assertion and
In biological systems buffer system of carbonic Reason are true and Reason is the correct
acid and sodium bicarbonate is found in our explanation of Assertion.
blood. It maintains the pH of blood to a constant
value of about 7.4 9 (c)

5 (a) This is based on common ion effect

The state of equilibrium is not affected by the NaCl⇌ Na+ + Cl−

addition of noble gases, at constant volume
HCl ⇋ H + + Cl−
6 (c)
Concentration of Cl− ions increases due to
The value of 𝐾 depends on the stoichiometry of ionization of HCl which increases the ionic
reactants and products at the point of product[Na+ ][Cl− ]. This results in the
equilibrium. For example if the reaction is precipitation of pure NaCl.
multiplied by 2, the equilibrium constant is
squared 10 (d)

7 (b) BaSO4 (𝑠) ⇌ Ba2+ + SO2−

4

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 𝑠 𝑠 + 0.1 However exothermic reaction favour decrease in
temperature.
𝐾sp = (𝑠)(𝑠 + 0.1)
16 (a)
𝑠 < 10−9
According to formula 𝐾𝑃 = 𝐾𝐶 (𝑅𝑇)∆𝑛
11 (a)
∆n = 0
HCl is regarded as an acid only when dissolved in
water and not in any other solvent K P = K c (RT)0

12 (d) KP = KC

N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3 + Heat 17 (d)

This reaction is favoured by decrease of Increase in pressure favours melting of ice into
temperature, increase of pressure, addition of water because at higher pressure melting point of
catalyst and promoter ice is lowered

13 (a) 18 (a)

[𝑁𝐻3 ]2 Aqueous solution of FeCl3 on standing produce

𝐾𝑐 = brown ppt. Due to hydrolysis, it produces ppt of
[𝑁2 ][𝐻2 ]3
Fe(OH)3 which is of brown colour. Hence, both
mol2 × L × L3 are correct and reason is a correct explanation
Kc =
L2 × mol × mol3
19 (a)
= L2 mol−2
If volume is not constant the addition of inert gas
14 (a) affect the equilibrium constant. Both at constant
volume, the addition of inert gas has no effect on
The pH of the solution at the neutralisation point
the state of equilibrium.
region is about 3.5 to 7 and methyl orange gives
its colour change between pH 3.1 to 4.4 20 (a)
15 (c) According to Henry’s law, ”the mass of gas
dissolved in a given mass of a solvent at any
According to Le-chateliers principle endothermic
temperature is directly proportional to the
reaction favours increase in in temperature .
pressure of the gas above the solvent.”

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