10M05 – Solutions 1

Fourth Edition

10M05. Solutions
TABLE OF CONTENTS

10M05. Solutions 1
10M05.1 Introduction to Arithmetic Progressions ....................................................................................................................2
10M05.2 Nth term of an Arithmetic Progression .........................................................................................................................3
10M05.3 Sum of first N terms of an AP ...........................................................................................................................................5
Advanced Practice Problems ................................................................................................................................................................8
10M05 – Solutions 2

10M05.1 Introduction to Arithmetic Progressions

IN CLASS EXERCISE
LEVEL 1 Q3. I. Here d = (4 − 1) = 3. Hence, the sequence
becomes 1,4, 7, 10, 13.
Q2. I. Yes. The common difference is 3.
II. Here d = (−7 − (−9)) = 2.
II. Yes. In this case, the common difference will Hence, the sequence becomes
be zero. −9, −7, −5, −3, −1 , 1, 3.
III. Yes. The common difference is −0.15. III. Here d = (−8 − (−3)) = −5.
Hence, the sequence becomes
12, 7, 2, −3, −8.

LEVEL 2

Q4. DISTANCE(𝐾𝑚) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PRICE (₹) 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

The price here represents an AP.

Q6. I. It is an AP, where 𝑎 = 2 − √2 and 𝑑 = −√2.

II. It is not an AP.
III. It is not an AP.
IV. It is not an AP.
Q7. Raman initially has ₹ 500/- . Every month he saves ₹(600 − 200) = ₹ 400/-
Hence, the amount at the start of each month will be

January February March April May June July August September

500 900 1300 1700 2100 2500 2900 3300 3700

Clearly, this is an AP with 𝑎 = 500 and 𝑑 = 400. Also, we see that he can buy the cycle in September 2015.

HOMEWORK
LEVEL 1 And 𝑎3 = (3)2 + 2 = 11
Hence, first three terms of the list of
Q1. I. Yes
numbers defined by 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2 are 3,6 and
II. No
11.
III. Yes
II. We have, 𝑎𝑛 = (−1)𝑛−1 . 2𝑛
Q2. 𝑎1 : 5 , 𝑎2 : 8 , 𝑎3 : 11. The sequence is 5,8,11. On putting 𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, we get
It is an AP. 𝑎1 = (−1)1−1 . 21 = (−1)0 . 2 = 2
𝑎2 = (−1)2−1 . 22 = −4
LEVEL 2 And 𝑎3 = (−1)3−1 . 23 = 8
Hence, first three terms of the list of
Q4. I. We have, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 2
numbers defined by 𝑎𝑛 = (−1)𝑛−1 . 2𝑛 are
On putting 𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, we get,
2, −4 and 8 .
𝑎1 = (1)2 + 2 = 3; 𝑎2 = (2)2 + 2 = 6
III. We have,

10M05.1
10M05 – Solutions 3

𝑛(𝑛−3) Q6. I. Difference between 2 consecutive terms is

𝑎𝑛 =
𝑛+4
an increasing natural number.
On putting 𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, we get,
1(1−3) −2 Hence, next terms will be 11 + 5 = 16 and
𝑎1 = =
1+4 5 16 + 6 = 22
2(2−3) 1
𝑎2 = =− II. Each term is the result of 3𝑛 , where ‘n’ is a
2+4 3
3(3−3) natural number. The next 2 terms will be
And 𝑎3 = =0
3+4 35 = 243 and 36 = 729
Hence, first three terms of the list of III. Each term is the sum of previous 2 terms.
numbers defined by Hence, next 2 terms are (3 + 5) =
𝑛(𝑛−3) 2 1
𝑎𝑛 = are − , − and 0. 8, (5 + 8) = 13.
𝑛+4 5 3

10M05.2 Nth term of an Arithmetic Progression

IN CLASS EXERCISE
1
LEVEL 1 If −150 is a term of this AP, then it should
4
Q1. Here, 𝑎 = 2 and 𝑑 = 2 satisfy 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 for a natural number
Using 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑, we get, 𝑛.
𝑎10 = 𝑎 + 9𝑑 ⇒ 𝑎10 = 20 Putting the values, we get,
1 5
Q2. I. −11, as 𝑑 = −4 −150 = − + (𝑛 − 1)(−2)
4 4
601 5 149
II. 𝑎1 = 𝑎 = −1, − + = −2(𝑛 − 1) i. e. , =𝑛−1
4 4 2
𝑎3 = 𝑎 + 2𝑑 = 107 ⇒ 𝑑 = 54. Clearly, 𝑛 is not a natural number.
Thus, second term, 𝑎2 = 𝑎 + 𝑑
= −1 + 54 = 53. Q6. Given 𝑎9 = 89 and 𝑎21 = 101.
0.75+0.25 We need to find 𝑎18 .
III. 0.25, as 𝑑 = = 0.5
2 Using 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑, we get
Q3. Here, 𝑎 = −1 and 𝑑 = −2 89 = 𝑎 + 8𝑑 (i)
Using 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑, we get, and 101 = 𝑎 + 20𝑑 (ii)
−21 = −1 + (𝑛 − 1)(−2) Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get 𝑑 = 1 .
⇒ −21 = −1 − 2𝑛 + 2 Substituting this in (i), we get 𝑎 = 81
⇒ 𝑛 = 11 Thus, 𝑎18 = 81 + 17 = 98
Q7. Given 𝑎6 − 𝑎99 = 100 . We need to find the
LEVEL 2
common difference.
Q4. The first 4 digit number divisible by 6 is 1002. Using 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑, we get,
The last 4 digit number divisible by 6 is 9996. [𝑎 + (6 − 1)𝑑] − [𝑎 + (99 − 1)𝑑] = 100
This is an AP with first term 1002 and common i. e. 5𝑑 − 98𝑑 = 100 or 𝑑 = −
100
93
difference 6. We need to find which term of the
AP is 9996. Q8. Let the first AP be 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 3(𝑛 − 1) and the
Using 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑, we get second be 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎2 + (−4)(𝑛 − 1)
9996 = 1002 + (𝑛 − 1)6 On adding both,
Or 1666 = 167 + 𝑛 − 1 (dividing by 6) 𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑤 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎2 ) + (−1)(𝑛 − 1)
i.e. 𝑛 = 1500 Clearly, this is a new AP with first term (𝑎1 + 𝑎2 )
5 and common difference −1.
Q5. The first term of the AP is − and the common Hence, it will still be in AP and the common
4
difference is −2. difference will simply be added.

10M05.2
10M05 – Solutions 4

HOMEWORK
LEVEL 1 Using 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑, we get
994 = 14 + 7(𝑛 − 1)
Q1. Using 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑, we get
Or 142 = 2 + 𝑛 − 1
𝑎30 = 3 + (30 − 1)2
⇒ 𝑛 = 141
Thus, 𝑎30 = 61
Q5. Given 𝑎67 − 𝑎85 = 90 and 𝑎8 = 5
Q2. Using 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑, we get,
Using 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑, we get,
𝑎11 = 13 + (11 − 1)√3
𝑎67 = 𝑎 + 66𝑑 (i)
Thus, 𝑎11 = 13 + 10√3 𝑎85 = 𝑎 + 84𝑑 (ii)
Q3. Given: 𝑎5 = 5 and 𝑎101 = 101. Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get,
We need to find 𝑎69 . 𝑎67 − 𝑎85 = −18𝑑
Using 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑, we get ⇒ −18𝑑 = 90
5 = 𝑎 + 4𝑑 (i) ⇒ 𝑑 = −5
and 101 = 𝑎 + 100𝑑 (ii) Now, 𝑎8 = 5
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get, i.e., 𝑎 + 7𝑑 = 5 or 𝑎 − 35 = 5
96 = 96𝑑 ⇒ 𝑑 = 1. Thus, 𝑎 = 40
Substituting this in (i), we get, 𝑎100 = 𝑎 + 99𝑑
5 = 𝑎 + 4(1) ⇒ 𝑎100 = 40 + (99 × −5) = −455
⇒𝑎 =5−4=1 Q6. Let the first term be 𝑎 and the common
Thus, 𝑎69 = 1 + 68 = 69. difference be 𝑑.
𝑎4 + 𝑎8 = 𝑎 + 3𝑑 + 𝑎 + 7𝑑
LEVEL 2 𝑎9 + 𝑎13 = 𝑎 + 8𝑑 + 𝑎 + 12𝑑
Q4. The first number divisible by 7 after 9 is 14. The Given that (𝑎9 + 𝑎13 ) − (𝑎4 + 𝑎8 ) = 60
last such number is 994. Thus, (2𝑎 + 20𝑑) − (2𝑎 + 10𝑑) = 60
These numbers form an AP with first term 14, ⇒ 10𝑑 = 60
and common difference 7. ⇒𝑑=6

ADVANCED QUESTIONS
Q1. As 𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 8,2𝑘 2 + 3𝑘 + 6 and 3𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 4 =
sin 𝑎2 cos 𝑎1 −cos 𝑎2 sin 𝑎1
+⋯
cos 𝑎1 cos 𝑎2
are three consecutive terms of an AP. sin 𝑎𝑛 cos 𝑎𝑛−1 −cos 𝑎𝑛 sin 𝑎𝑛−1
⇒ Their common difference must be equal +
cos 𝑎𝑛 cos 𝑎𝑛−1
⇒ 2𝑘 2 + 3𝑘 + 6 − (𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 8) = (tan 𝑎2 − tan 𝑎1 ) + (tan 𝑎3 − tan 𝑎2 ) …
= 3𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 4 − (2𝑘 2 + 3𝑘 + 6) +(tan 𝑎𝑛 − tan 𝑎𝑛−1 )
⇒ 𝑘2 − 𝑘 − 2 = tan 𝑎𝑛 − tan 𝑎1
= 𝑘2 + 𝑘 − 2
Q3. Given: An Arithmetic progression whose 8th term
⇒ −2𝑘 = 0
is zero.
⇒ 𝑘 = 0.
Let first term be ‘𝑎’ and common difference be ‘𝑑’
Q2. The numbers 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , … , 𝑎𝑛 being in AP satisfy: 𝑎8 = 𝑎 + 7𝑑 = 0 ⇒ 𝑎 = −7𝑑
𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛−1 = ⋯ = 𝑎3 − 𝑎2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 𝑑 𝑎38 = 𝑎 + 37𝑑 = −7𝑑 + 37𝑑 = 30𝑑 (i)
⇒ sin 𝑑 [sec 𝑎1 sec 𝑎2 + ⋯ + sec 𝑎𝑛−1 sec 𝑎𝑛 ] 𝑎18 = 𝑎 + 17𝑑 = −7𝑑 + 17𝑑 = 10𝑑 (ii)
sin(𝑎2 −𝑎1 ) sin(𝑎3 −𝑎2 ) From (i) and (ii), we have,
= + +⋯
cos 𝑎1 cos 𝑎2 cos 𝑎3 cos 𝑎2 𝑎38 30𝑑
sin(𝑎𝑛 −𝑎𝑛−1 ) = =3
+ 𝑎18 10𝑑
cos 𝑎𝑛 cos 𝑎𝑛−1
Hence, proved.

10M05.2
10M05 – Solutions 5

10M05.3 Sum of first N terms of an AP

IN CLASS EXERCISE
200
LEVEL 1 ⇒𝑎= − 32 = 40 − 32 = 8.
5
Q1. Using the formula of sum of first 𝑛 terms of an AP Q6. For a given AP 1, 2, 3 … we need to find the
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] number of terms which make the sum of first 𝑛
2
We get, terms 4950.
𝑆20 =
20
[−2 + (19)(−2)] = −400 Here, 𝑎 = 1, 𝑑 = 1 and 𝑆𝑛 = 4950
2 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
Q2. In the given AP, we first find the number of 𝑛 𝑛
terms. 4950 = ( ) [2 + (𝑛 − 1)] = ( ) [𝑛 + 1]
2 2
80.91 = 1.91 + (𝑛 − 1)1 ⇒ 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) = 9900
𝑛 = 80; 𝑑 = 2.91 − 1.91 = 1 ⇒ 𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 9900 = 0
𝑛
Now, using 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] ⇒ 𝑛2 + 100𝑛 − 99𝑛 − 9900
2
80 [By splitting the middle term]
We get 𝑆80 = [2(1.91) + (79)1] = 3312.8
2 ⇒ 𝑛(𝑛 + 100) − 99(𝑛 + 100) = 0
Q3. Using the formula of sum of first 𝑛 terms of an AP ⇒ (𝑛 + 100)(𝑛 − 99) ⇒ 𝑛 = −100, 99
𝑛 As number of terms cannot be negative
𝑆𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2 ⇒ 𝑛 = 99.
I. Given 𝑎 = 5, 𝑑 = 3, 𝑛 = 20,
20
Q7. Given that 𝑎 = 8, 𝑙 = −108 and 𝑆 = −2500.
𝑆20 = [5 + (20 − 1)3] = 670 We know that,
2
II. Given 𝑎 = −3, 𝑑 = −7, 𝑛 = 10, 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (𝑎 + 𝑙).
10 2
𝑆10 = [−3 + (10 − 1)(−7)] = −345 𝑛
2 ⇒ −2500 = ( ) (8 − 108)
2
−2500×2
We get, 𝑛 = = 50.
LEVEL 2 −100

Q4. Given that 𝑆𝑛+1 − 𝑆𝑛 = 5 Q8. Given that, 𝑎200 – 𝑎100 = 100
𝑛+1 ⇒ 𝑎 + 199𝑑 − (𝑎 + 99𝑑) = 100
𝑆𝑛+1 = ( ) [2𝑎 + 𝑛𝑑]
2 ⇒ 100 𝑑 = 100 ⇒ 𝑑 = 1
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] Also, 𝑎8 = 8. Hence, 𝑎 + 7𝑑 = 8.
2
𝑆𝑛+1 − 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑛𝑑 ⇒ 𝑎 = 8 − 7(1) = 1.
𝑛
⇒ 5 = 𝑎 + ((𝑛 + 1) − 1)𝑑 = 𝑎𝑛+1 We have, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
9
Q5. Given that 𝑙 = 32, 𝑆 = 200 and 𝑛 = 10. Thus, 𝑆9 = ( ) [2 + (9 − 1)1]
2
𝑛
We know that, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (𝑎 + 𝑙). ⇒ 𝑆9 = 45
2
10
Thus, 200 = ( ) (𝑎 + 32).
2

HOMEWORK
LEVEL 1 30
𝑆30 = ( ) [6 + (30 − 1)4] = 1830
2
𝑛 1
Q1. We know that 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] II. 𝑎 = 1 , 𝑑 = − , 𝑛 = 19;
2 3
19 1
I. 𝑎 = 3, 𝑑 = 4, 𝑛 = 30; 𝑆19 = ( ) [2 + (19 − 1) (− )] = −38
2 3

10M05.3
10M05 – Solutions 6

Q2. Given that 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 5. For 25 terms, 𝑆1 ∶ 𝑆2 = (14 − 4𝑛): (3𝑛 + 5)

𝑎1 = 7 and 𝑎25 = 55 𝑛 𝑛
= ( ) [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑1 ]: ( ) [2𝑎2 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑2 ]
𝑛 25 2 2
Thus, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (𝑎 + 𝑙) = ( ) (7 + 55) This simplifies to
2 2
Hence, we get 𝑆25 = 775. [(2𝑎1 − 𝑑1 ) + 𝑛𝑑1 ]: [(2𝑎2 − 𝑑2 ) + 𝑛𝑑2 ]
= (14 − 4𝑛): (3𝑛 + 5)
Q3. Using the formula for summation, we get,
On comparison of the terms in the numerator
𝑛
I. 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] and denominator we find that; 𝑑1 = −4, 𝑑2 = 3.
2
𝑛 And,
⇒ 568 = ( ) [−4 + (𝑛 − 1)5]
2 2𝑎1 − 𝑑1 = 2𝑎1 − (−4) = 10 ⇒ 𝑎1 = 5
𝑛
= ( ) [5𝑛 − 9] and 2𝑎2 − d2 = 2𝑎2 − 3 = 5 ⇒ 𝑎2 = = 4.
8
2
2
⇒ 5𝑛2 − 9𝑛 − 1136 = 0 Hence, the ratio of 8th terms of AP 1 and AP 2 is
⇒ 5𝑛2 − 80𝑛 + 71𝑛 − 1136 = 0 𝑎1 +7𝑑1 5+7(−4) 23
= =− .
⇒ 𝑛 = 16 𝑎2 +7𝑑2 4+7(3) 25

Thus, 𝑙 = −2 + (16 − 1)5 = 73. Q7. The smallest 2 digit number (𝑎1 ) = 10.
𝑛
II. 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) (𝑎 + 𝑙); The largest 2 digit number (𝑎𝑛 ) = 99
2
8 And 𝑑 = 1. We find 𝑛 using the equation
Thus, 𝑆8 = −20 = ( ) [𝑎 + 8] = 4[𝑎 + 8]
2 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
⇒ 𝑎 = −13. Hence, −13 + 7𝑑 = 8 ⇒ 𝑑 = 3. ⇒ 99 = 10 + (𝑛 − 1)1
⇒ 𝑛 = 99 − 10 + 1 = 90.
LEVEL 2 𝑛 90
𝑆90 = ( ) (𝑎 + 𝑙) = ( ) [10 + 99] = 4905
2 2
Q4. Given that 𝑆𝑛 = 0, 𝑎 = 18 and 𝑑 = −2. 2
𝑛 Q8. Given, 𝑆𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 3𝑛
We use the formula, 𝑆𝑛 = ( ) [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] 𝑆𝑛−1 = 2(𝑛 − 1) + 3(𝑛 − 1)2
2
and get the following equation: = 2𝑛 − 2 + 3(𝑛2 + 1 − 2𝑛) = 3𝑛2 − 4𝑛 + 1
𝑛 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑆𝑛 − 𝑆𝑛−1
0 = (2 × 18 + (𝑛 − 1)(−2))
2
= 3𝑛2 + 2𝑛 − (3𝑛2 − 4𝑛 + 1) = 6𝑛 − 1
⇒ 0 = 𝑛(36 − 2𝑛 + 2)
On putting 𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, … … respectively, we get,
⇒ 0 = 𝑛(38 − 2𝑛)
𝑎1 = 6 − 1 = 5
This gives two possible values for 𝑛 i.e., 0 and 19.
𝑎2 = 12 − 1 = 11
As 𝑛 cannot be 0, the value of 𝑛 is 19.
𝑎3 = 18 − 1 = 17 and so on.
Q5. Given that 𝑎2 = 2, 𝑎7 = 22; Hence, AP is 5, 11, 17, and its 𝑟 th term is
We can say that 𝑎7 – 𝑎2 = 20 𝑎𝑟 = 6𝑟 − 1
𝑎 + 6𝑑 − (𝑎 + 𝑑) = 20
Q9. Given: 𝑎1 = 2 and 𝑎𝑛+1 = 𝑎𝑛 + 2𝑛
⇒ 5𝑑 = 20
20 ⇒ 𝑎𝑛+1 − 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛
⇒𝑑 = = 4.
5 On putting 𝑛 = 1, 2, 3, ……., 99 respectively, we
Also, 𝑎2 = 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 𝑎 + 4 = 2 ⇒ 𝑎 = −2 get, 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 2 × 1
The sum of first 35 numbers will be given by the 𝑎3 − 𝑎2 = 2 × 2
formula 𝑎4 − 𝑎3 = 2 × 3……… and so on
35
𝑆35 = ( ) [2(−2) + (35 − 1)4] 𝑎100 − 𝑎99 = 2 × 99
2
Therefore, 𝑆35 = 2310 On adding, we get, 𝑎100 − 𝑎1 = 2(1 + 2+. . . +99)
99
Q6. Lets call the two Arithmetic Progressions as AP 1 ⇒ 𝑎100 − 𝑎1 = 2 [ (1 + 99)]
2
and AP 2. 𝑛
As [𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑙)]
2
AP 1 = 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 … where the common difference is
⇒ 𝑎100 = 2 + 9900
𝑑1
⇒ 𝑎100 = 9902
AP 2 = 𝑏1 , 𝑏2 … where the common difference is
𝑑2 .

10M05.3
10M05 – Solutions 7

Q10. Given: There are 49 houses numbered from 1 to (49−𝑥)

= [𝑥 + 50]
2
49.
According to the question,
Let 𝑥 numbered house be such that sum of (𝑥−1)𝑥 (49−𝑥)
numbers from 1 to (𝑥 − 1) is equal to the sum of = [𝑥 + 50]
2 2
numbers from (𝑥 + 1) to 49. (𝑥 − 1)𝑥 = (49 − 𝑥)(𝑥 + 50)
Sum of numbers from 1 to (𝑥 − 1) =
(𝑥−1)𝑥 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 49𝑥 + 2450 − 𝑥 2 − 50𝑥
2
2𝑥 2 = 2450
Sum of numbers from (𝑥 + 1) to 49
(49−𝑥)
𝑥 2 = 1225
⇒ [2(𝑥 + 1) + (49 − 𝑥 − 1)1] 𝑥 = √1225 = 35.
2

ADVANCED QUESTIONS
1 1
Q1. All two digit numbers greater than 50 which And 𝑎𝑛 = ⇒ 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = (ii)
𝑚 𝑚
when divided by 7 leaves remainder 4, are
On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get
53,60,67, … ,95 1 1
(𝑚 − 𝑛)𝑑 = −
Here, 𝑎 = 53, 𝑑 = 60 − 53 = 7 and 𝑙 = 95 𝑛 𝑚
𝑚−𝑛 1
Let last term be the 𝑛th term of given 𝐴𝑃. ⇒ (𝑚 − 𝑛)𝑑 = ⇒𝑑=
𝑚𝑛 𝑚𝑛
Then, 𝑙 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 On putting 𝑑 =
1
in Eq. (i), we get
𝑚𝑛
∴ 95 = 53 + (𝑛 − 1)7 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ 7(𝑛 − 1) = 95 − 53 𝑎 + (𝑚 − 1) = ⇒𝑎+ − =
𝑚𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑚𝑛 𝑛
1
⇒ 7(𝑛 − 1) = 42 ⇒ 𝑛 − 1 = 6 ⇒𝑎=
𝑚𝑛
⇒𝑛=7 Now, sum of 𝑛 terms, 𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
𝑛
2
Now, sum = 53 + 60 + 67 + ⋯ + 95 𝑚𝑛 1 1
𝑛
= (𝑎 + 𝑙) = (53 + 95)
7 ⇒ 𝑆𝑚𝑛 = [2 ( ) + (𝑚𝑛 − 1) ]
2 𝑚𝑛 𝑚𝑛
2 2 1
𝑛 = (𝑚𝑛 + 1)
[∵ 𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑙)] 2
2 Hence, proved.
7
= × 148 = 518.
2 Q4. Let 𝐴 be the first term and 𝐷 be the common
Q2. 𝑆1 = Sum of 𝑛 terms of an 𝐴𝑃 with first term 1 difference of the given 𝐴𝑃.
and common difference 1 Given: 𝑎 = Sum of 𝑝 terms
𝑛 𝑛 𝑝
⇒ 𝑆1 = [2 × 1 + (𝑛 − 1) × 1] = (𝑛 + 1) ⇒ 𝑎 = [2𝐴 + (𝑝 − 1)𝐷]
2 2 2
𝑛 𝑛
[∵ 𝑆𝑛 = {2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑}] [∵ 𝑆𝑛 = {2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑}]
2 2
2𝑎
𝑆2 = Sum of 𝑛 terms of an 𝐴𝑃 with first term 1 ⇒ = [2𝐴 + (𝑝 − 1)𝐷] (i)
𝑝
and common difference 2 And 𝑏 = Sum of 𝑞 terms
𝑛 𝑞
⇒ 𝑆2 = [2 × 1 + (𝑛 − 1) × 2] = 𝑛2 ⇒ 𝑏 = [2𝐴 + (𝑞 − 1)𝐷]
2 2
2𝑏
And 𝑆3 = Sum of 𝑛 terms of an 𝐴𝑃 with first term ⇒ = [2𝐴 + (𝑞 − 1)𝐷] (ii)
𝑞
1 and common difference 3
𝑛 𝑛 And 𝑐 = Sum of 𝑟 terms
⇒ 𝑆3 = [2 × 1 + (𝑛 − 1)3] = (3𝑛 − 1) 𝑟
2 2 ⇒ 𝑐 = [2𝐴 + (𝑟 − 1)𝐷]
𝑛 𝑛 2
Now, 𝑆1 + 𝑆3 = (𝑛 + 1) + (3𝑛 − 1) 2𝑐
𝑛
2 2 ⇒ = [2𝐴 + (𝑟 − 1)𝐷] (iii)
𝑟
= (4𝑛) = 2𝑛2
2 On multiplying Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii) by (𝑞 − 𝑟),
⇒ 𝑆1 + 𝑆3 = 2𝑆2 [∵ 𝑆2 = 𝑛2 ]. (𝑟 − 𝑝) and (𝑝 − 𝑞) respectively and then
Q3. Let 𝑎 be the first term and 𝑑 be the common adding, we get
2𝑎 2𝑏 2𝑐
difference of given 𝐴𝑃. (𝑞 − 𝑟) + (𝑟 − 𝑝) + (𝑝 − 𝑞)
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
1 1
Given, 𝑎𝑚 = ⇒ 𝑎 + (𝑚 − 1)𝑑 = (i)
𝑛 𝑛

10M05.3
10M05 – Solutions 8

= {2𝐴 + (𝑝 − 1)𝐷}(𝑞 − 𝑟) 2𝑎+(𝑚−1)𝑑 𝑚

⇒ =
2𝑎+(𝑛−1)𝑑 𝑛
+{2𝐴 + (𝑞 − 1)𝐷}(𝑟 − 𝑝) + {2𝐴 + (𝑟 −
Dividing numerator and denominator by 2, we
1)𝐷}(𝑝 − 𝑞)
get
= 2𝐴(𝑞 − 𝑟 + 𝑟 − 𝑝 + 𝑝 − 𝑞) (𝑚−1)
𝑎+ 𝑑 𝑚
+𝐷{(𝑝 − 1)(𝑞 − 𝑟) + (𝑞 − 1)(𝑟 − 𝑝) + ⇒ 2
(𝑛−1) =
𝑎+ 𝑑 𝑛
(𝑟 − 1)(𝑝 − 𝑞)} 2
(𝑚−1) (𝑛−1)
𝑝𝑞 − 𝑝𝑟 − 𝑞 + 𝑟 + 𝑞𝑟 − 𝑝𝑞 − 𝑟 Let = (𝑥 − 1) and = (𝑦 − 1)
= 2𝐴 × 0 + 𝐷 ( +𝑝 + 𝑝𝑟 − 𝑝 − 𝑞𝑟 + 𝑞 ) 2 2
⇒ 𝑚 − 1 = 2𝑥 − 2 and (𝑛 − 1) = 2𝑦 − 2
= 0 + 𝐷 × 0 = 0.
2𝑎 2𝑏 2𝑐
⇒ 𝑚 = 2𝑥 − 1 and 𝑛 = 2𝑦 − 1.
⇒ (𝑞 − 𝑟) + (𝑟 − 𝑝) + (𝑝 − 𝑞) = 0 𝑎+(𝑥−1)𝑑 2𝑥−1 𝑥 𝑡ℎ term
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 ⇒ = =
𝑎+(𝑦−1)𝑑 2𝑦−1 𝑦 𝑡ℎ term
Dividing 2 on both sides, we get,
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 Putting 𝑥 = 𝑚 and 𝑦 = 𝑛, we get
(𝑞 − 𝑟) + (𝑟 − 𝑝) + (𝑝 − 𝑞) = 0 𝑚𝑡ℎ term 2𝑚−1
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
=
Hence, proved. 𝑛𝑡ℎ term 2𝑛−1

𝑎+𝑏 Q7. Let first term and common difference of an 𝐴𝑃

Q5. We know that, 𝐴𝑀 between 𝑎 and 𝑏 is
2 be 𝑎1 and 𝑑, respectively.
𝑎𝑛+1 +𝑏𝑛+1 1 1 𝑎1 +𝑎𝑛
We have, is 𝐴𝑀 between 𝑎 and 𝑏. Now, + =
𝑎𝑛 +𝑏𝑛 𝑎1 𝑎𝑛 𝑎1 .𝑎𝑛
𝑎𝑛+1 +𝑏𝑛+1 𝑎+𝑏 1 1 𝑎2 +𝑎𝑛−1
∴ = + =
𝑎𝑛 +𝑏𝑛 2 𝑎2 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑎2 .𝑎𝑛−1
[by given condition] 𝑎1 +𝑑+𝑎𝑛 −𝑑
𝑛+1 𝑛+1 )
=
⇒ 2(𝑎 +𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑛 )(𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝑛 𝑎2 .𝑎𝑛−1

⇒ 2𝑎 𝑛+1
+ 2𝑏 𝑛+1
= 𝑎𝑛+1 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛 𝑏 + 𝑏 𝑛+1 [∵ 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛−1 = 𝑑 ⇒ 𝑎𝑛−1 = 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑑]
𝑎1 +𝑎𝑛
⇒ 𝑎𝑛+1 + 𝑏 𝑛+1 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛 𝑏 =
𝑎2 .𝑎𝑛−1
⇒ 𝑎𝑛+1 − 𝑎𝑛 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑛 − 𝑏 𝑛+1 Similarly,
1
+
1
=
𝑎1 +𝑎𝑛
𝑎3 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑎3 .𝑎𝑛−2
⇒ 𝑎𝑛 (𝑎 − 𝑏) = 𝑏 𝑛 (𝑎 − 𝑏) ⇒ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑏 𝑛
𝑎𝑛 𝑎 𝑛 𝑎 0
..
⇒ =1⇒( ) =( ) ..
𝑏𝑛 𝑏 𝑏
On comparing the powers, we get 𝑛 = 0. 1 1 𝑎1 +𝑎𝑛
+ =
𝑎𝑛 𝑎1 𝑎1 .𝑎𝑛
Q6. Let the first term of the 𝐴𝑃 be ‘ 𝑎 ’ and the On adding all the above, we get
common difference be ‘𝑑’. 2[
1
+
1
+
1
+ ⋯+
1
]
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎𝑛
Sum of first ‘𝑚’ terms would be
𝑚 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 )
= (2𝑎 + (𝑚 − 1)𝑑) 1 1 1 1
2
𝑛 [ + + + ⋯+ ]
Sum of first ‘𝑛’ terms = (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑) 𝑎1 .𝑎𝑛 𝑎2 .𝑎𝑛−1 𝑎3 .𝑎𝑛−2 𝑎𝑛 .𝑎1
2 1 1 1 1
According to the question, ⇒ + + +⋯+
𝑎1 .𝑎𝑛 𝑎2 .𝑎𝑛−1 𝑎3 .𝑎𝑛−2 𝑎𝑛 .𝑎1
𝑚
Sum of first ‘𝑚’ terms 𝑚2 (2𝑎+(𝑚−1)𝑑) 𝑚2 2 1 1 1
= ⇒ 2
𝑛 = = ( + + ⋯+ )
Sum of first ‘𝑛’ terms 𝑛2 (2𝑎+(𝑛−1)𝑑) 𝑛2 𝑎1 +𝑎𝑛 𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎𝑛
2
Hence, proved.

Advanced Practice Problems

Q1. There are 31 days in January. 𝑥 = (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 31) + 204 + 100
She puts ₹ 1 on day 1 𝑥 = (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 31) + 304
₹ 2 on day 2 𝑛(𝑛+1) 31×32
𝑥= + 304 ⇒ 𝑥 = + 304
2 2
₹ 3 on day 3 and so on.
⇒ 𝑥 = 31 × 16 + 304
Suppose she had a pocket money of ₹ 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 = 496 + 304 = ₹ 800
Money spent during the month = ₹ 204
Hence, she had ₹ 800 as pocket money at the
Money left with her at end of month = ₹ 100
start of the month.
According to the question,

A.P.S.
10M05 – Solutions 9

Q2. Multiples of 7 will be of the form 7𝑘, where 𝑘 is ⇒ 𝑛2 − 61𝑛 + 900 = 0

any natural number. ⇒ 𝑛2 − 25𝑛 − 36𝑛 + 900 = 0
For multiples of 7 between 500 and 900, ⇒ 𝑛(𝑛 − 25) − 36(𝑛 − 25) = 0
500 < 7𝑘 < 900 ⇒ (𝑛 − 36)(𝑛 − 25) = 0
500
500 < 7𝑘 ⇒ 𝑘 > ⇒ 𝑘 > 71 ⇒ 𝑛 = 36 or 𝑛 = 25
7
900 Here, the common difference is negative,
Also, 7𝑘 < 900 ⇒ 𝑘 < ⇒ 𝑘 ≤ 128
7 therefore, the terms go on diminishing and 31st
⇒ 71 < 𝑘 ≤ 128 ⇒ 72 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 128 term becomes zero.
Sum = ∑𝑘=128 𝑘=128
𝑘=72 7𝑘 = 7 ∑𝑘=72 𝑘 −2
𝑎31 = 𝑎 + (31 − 1)𝑑 = 20 + (30) × ( )
⇒ sum = 7[72 + 73 + 74 + ⋯ + 128] 3
(72+128) 200 ⇒ 20 − 20 = 0
=7× ×𝑛 =7× × 57
2 2 In the present case, the sum of the first 25 terms
⇒ 7 × 100 × 57 = 39900. is equal to 300. The AP is decreasing and 𝑎31 =
Q3. Let the same common difference of two 𝐴𝑃𝑠 be 0. Thus, sum of the positive terms from 26 to 30
𝑑 . Given that, the first terms of first 𝐴𝑃 and is cancelled by sum of the negative terms from
second 𝐴𝑃 are 2 and 7 respectively, then the 32 to 36. Thus two values of 𝑛 exist.
𝐴𝑃𝑠 are Q5. 452 − 432 + 442 − 422 + 432 − 412
2, 2 + 𝑑, 2 + 2𝑑, 2 + 3𝑑, … +422 − 402 + ⋯ upto 30 terms
And 7, 7 + 𝑑, 7 + 2𝑑, 7 + 3𝑑, … ⇒ (452 − 432 ) + (442 − 422 )
Now, 10 th terms of first and second APs are 2 + +(432 − 412 ) + upto 15 terms [On pairing]
9𝑑 and 7 + 9𝑑, respectively. ⇒ (45 − 43)(45 + 43) + (44 − 42)(44 + 42)
So, their difference is +(43 − 41)(43 + 41) + ⋯
7 + 9𝑑 − (2 + 9𝑑) = 5 ⇒ 2 × 88 + 2 × 86 + 2 × 84 + 2 × 82 + ⋯
Also, 21st terms of first and second APs are ⇒ 2(88 + 86 + 84 + 82 + ⋯ upto 15 terms)
2 + 20𝑑 and 7 + 20𝑑, respectively. 15
⇒2× (2 × 88 + (15 − 1)(−2))
So, their difference is 7 + 20𝑑 − (2 + 20𝑑) = 5 2
⇒ 15(176 − 28) = 15 × 148 = 2220.
Also, if the 𝑎𝑛 and 𝑏𝑛 are 𝑛th terms of first and
second 𝐴𝑃. Q6. Given: 𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 , 𝑏4 , … . 𝑏24 are in AP.
Then, Let the common difference be 𝑑
𝑏𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛 = [7 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] − [2 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] = 5 𝑏2 = 𝑏1 + 𝑑
Hence, the difference between any two 𝑏3 = 𝑏1 + 2𝑑
corresponding terms of such 𝐴𝑃𝑠 is the same as 𝑏1 + 𝑏5 + 𝑏10 + 𝑏15 + 𝑏20 + 𝑏24 = 300
the difference between their first terms. ⇒ 𝑏1 + 𝑏1 + 4𝑑 + 𝑏1 + 9𝑑 + 𝑏1 + 14𝑑 + 𝑏1
1 2 +19𝑑 + 𝑏1 + 23𝑑 = 300
Q4. 20,19 , 18 , …
3 3 ⇒ 6𝑏1 + 69𝑑 = 300
Here, first term (𝑎) = 20 Dividing throughout by 3, we get,
1 2
Common difference (𝑑) = 19 − 20 = − ⇒ 2𝑏1 + 23𝑑 = 100 ⇒ 𝑏1 + (𝑏1 + 23𝑑)
3 3
Let there be ‘𝑛’ terms of this AP whose sum is = 100 ⇒ 𝑏1 + 𝑏24 = 100
300. Sum of the first 24 terms of 𝐴𝑃
𝑛 24 (𝑏1 +𝑏24 )
⇒ (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑) = 300 ⇒ S24 = ( ) [𝑎 + 𝑙] = 24 ×
2 2 2
𝑛
⇒ (2 × 20 + (𝑛 − 1) (− )) = 300
2 = 12 × 100 = 1200.
2 3
𝑛 2𝑛 2 Q7. Let 𝑥 be the number of days in which the 150
⇒ (40 − + ) = 300
2 3 3 workers finish the work.
𝑛 120−2𝑛+2
⇒ ( ) = 300 According to the given information,
2 3
⇒ 𝑛(122 − 2𝑛) = 1800 ⇒ 122𝑛 − 2𝑛2 = 1800 150𝑥 = 150 + 146 + 142 + ⋯ (𝑥 + 8) terms
Dividing throughout by −2 and rearranging, we The sequence is in 𝐴. 𝑃. where the first term
get,

A.P.S.
10M05 – Solutions 10

𝑎 = 150 , common difference 𝑑 = −4 and ⇒ 2𝑥 − 𝑎 = √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2

number of terms are (𝑥 + 8) Squaring on both sides and rearranging the
We know that, terms, we get
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
4𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − 4𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2
(𝑥+8)
[2(150) + (𝑥 + 8 − 1)(−4)] This gives 5𝑥 = 4𝑎
⇒ 150𝑥 =
2 The least value of 𝑥 for which the number 𝑎 is
⇒ 150𝑥 = (𝑥 + 8)[(150) + (𝑥 + 7)(−2)]
composite is 𝑥 = 8. Using these we get 𝑎 = 10.
⇒ 150𝑥 = (𝑥 + 8)(136 − 2𝑥)
So the answer is 10.
⇒ 75𝑥 = (𝑥 + 8)(68 − 𝑥)
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 − 544 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 − 17)(𝑥 + 32) = 0 Q10. Let the first term and common difference of an
⇒ 𝑥 = 17 or 𝑥 = −32 𝐴𝑃 be 𝑎 and 𝑑 respectively. Then we have:
1 1
∵ Time cannot be in negative, 𝑥 = −32 is 1 1 − 1
𝑎11 = ; 𝑎13 = = 𝑎11 + 2𝑑 ⇒ 𝑑 = 11 13
=
13 11 2 143
neglected. 10 1 11
∴ 𝑥 = 17 Now 𝑎11 = 𝑎 + 10𝑑 = 𝑎 + = =
143 13 143
11 10 1
∴ The work was completed is 17 days. ⇒𝑎= − =
143 143 143
143 1 1
Q8. The sum of given sequence is ⇒ 𝑆143 = (2 ( ) + (143 − 1) )
1 1 1 2 143 143
+ + +⋯ 143 2 142
1×2 2×3 3×4 = ( + ) = 72.
2 143 143
Here, 𝑛 th term is
𝑎𝑛 =
1
⇒ 𝑎𝑛 = −
1 1 Q11. Rearranging the expression into groups like this:
𝑛(𝑛+1) 𝑛 𝑛+1
(12 − 22 ) + (32 − 42 ) + (52 − 62 ) + ⋯
On putting 𝑛 = 1,2,3, … , 𝑛 respectively, we get = (−3) + (−7) + (−11) + ⋯
1 1
𝑎1 = − This expression represents an arithmetic
1 2
1 1 progression with first term 𝑎 = −3 , common
𝑎2 = −
2 3
1 1 difference, 𝑑 = −4.
𝑎3 = −
3 4 Since we adjusted 2 terms in one group, no of
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ terms in this 𝐴𝑃 have to be taken as
4𝑛
= 2𝑛.
1 1 2
𝑎𝑛 = −
𝑛 𝑛+1 So, using the arithmetic progression sum
On adding all terms, we get formula:
𝑆 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 𝑁
𝑆 = [2𝑎 + (𝑁 − 1)𝑑]
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
= ( − )+ ( − )+⋯+( − ) 2𝑛
1 2 2 3 𝑛 𝑛+1 = [2(−3) + (2𝑛 − 1)(−4)]
1 1 𝑛+1−1 𝑛 2
= − = = = 𝑛(−6 − 8𝑛 + 4) = 𝑛(−8𝑛 − 2)
1 𝑛+1 𝑛+1 𝑛+1

Q9. Using the property of AP, we get, = −8𝑛2 − 2𝑛 + 0

2 √𝑥 = √𝑎 + 𝑥 + √𝑎 − 𝑥 Comparing it with 𝑎𝑛2 + 𝑏𝑛 + 𝑐 shows that
Squaring on both sides, we get : 𝑎 = −8, 𝑏 = −2, 𝑐 = 0. Thus, the answer is
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = −10.
4𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑥 + 𝑎 − 𝑥 + 2√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2

A.P.S.