Controversial Heritage and Divided Memories from

the Nineteenth Through the Twentieth Centuries

Multi Ethnic Cities in the Mediterranean World
Volume 2 1st Edition Marco Folin (Editor) pdf
download
https://ebookmeta.com/product/controversial-heritage-and-divided-memories-from-the-nineteenth-
through-the-twentieth-centuries-multi-ethnic-cities-in-the-mediterranean-world-volume-2-1st-edition-
marco-folin-editor/
★★★★★ 4.8/5.0 (44 reviews) ✓ 121 downloads ■ TOP RATED
"Fantastic PDF quality, very satisfied with download!" - Emma W.

DOWNLOAD EBOOK
 Controversial Heritage and Divided Memories from the
Nineteenth Through the Twentieth Centuries Multi Ethnic
Cities in the Mediterranean World Volume 2 1st Edition Marco
Folin (Editor) pdf download

TEXTBOOK EBOOK EBOOK META

Available Formats

■ PDF eBook Study Guide TextBook

EXCLUSIVE 2025 EDUCATIONAL COLLECTION - LIMITED TIME

INSTANT DOWNLOAD VIEW LIBRARY

Collection Highlights

Mediterranean Diet Ethnic Food The Best 350 Mediterranean

Ethnic Recipes for Beginners Giuseppe Sorrentino

The Churches and Social Order in Nineteenth- and

Twentieth-Century Canada (Volume 45) (McGill-Queen's
Studies in the History of Religion) Gauvreau

The Combat Soldier Infantry Tactics and Cohesion in the

Twentieth and Twenty First Centuries King Anthony

Monitoring for Health Hazards at Work 5th Edition John

Cherrie
Unlovable but Maybe Not 1st Edition Gina M Adkins

Oxford Clinical Guidelines: Newly Qualified Doctor David

Fisher

ASE’s Comprehensive Echocardiography 3rd Edition American

Society Of Echocardiography (Editor)

The Garbage Collection Handbook: The Art of Automatic

Memory Management, 2nd Edition Richard Jones & Antony
Hosking & Eliot Moss

Body on Show Muddlebay Cozy Mystery 3 1st Edition Wendy

Cartmell
JavaScript for Sound Artists; Learn to Code with the Web
Audio API William Turner & Steve Leonard
Controversial Heritage and Divided
Memories from the Nineteenth
Through the Twentieth Centuries

What is the role of cultural heritage in multi-ethnic societies, where

cultural memory is often polarized by antagonistic identity traditions?
Is it possible for monuments that are generally considered as a symbol
of national unity to become emblems of the conflictual histories
still undermining divided societies? Taking as a starting point the
cosmopolitanism that blossomed across the Mediterranean in the age of
empires, this book addresses the issue of heritage exploring the concepts
of memory, culture, monuments and their uses, in different case studies
ranging from 19th century Salonica, Port Said, the Palestinian region
under Ottoman rule, Trieste and Rijeka under the Hapsburgs, up to the
recent post-war reconstructions of Beirut and Sarajevo.

Marco Folin is Professor of History of Architecture at the University of

Genoa.

Heleni Porfyriou is Senior Researcher of the National Research Council

of Italy.
Routledge Studies in Cultural History

Russia’s French Connection

A History of the Lasting French Imprint on Russian Culture
Adam Coker

Transatlantic Encounters in History of Education

Translations and Trajectories from a German-American Perspective
Edited by Fanny Isensee, Andreas Oberdorf, and Daniel Töpper

The Humanities in Transition from Postmodernism into the Digital Age

Nigel A. Raab

Negotiating Memory from the Romans to the Twenty-First Century

Damnatio Memoriae
Edited by Øivind Fuglerud, Kjersti Larsen, and Marina
Prusac-Lindhagen

Cultures and Practices of Coexistence from the Thirteenth Through the

Seventeenth Centuries
Multi-Ethnic Cities in the Mediterranean World, Volume 1
Edited by Marco Folin and Antonio Musarra

Controversial Heritage and Divided Memories from the Nineteenth

Through the Twentieth Centuries
Multi-Ethnic Cities in the Mediterranean World, Volume 2
Edited by Marco Folin and Heleni Porfyriou

History as Performance
Political Movements in Galicia Around 1900
Dietlind Hüchtker

For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.

com/Routledge-Studies-in-Cultural-History/book-series/SE0367
Controversial Heritage and
Divided Memories from the
Nineteenth Through the
Twentieth Centuries
Multi-Ethnic Cities in the
Mediterranean World, Volume 2

Edited by Marco Folin

and Heleni Porfyriou
First published 2021
by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
and by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2021 Taylor & Francis
The right of Marco Folin and Heleni Porfyriou to be identified as
the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their
individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77
and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Folin, Marco, editor. | Porfyriou, Heleni, 1956– editor.
Title: Multi-ethnic cities in the mediterranean world. Volume 2,
Controversial heritage and divided memories from the nineteenth
through the twentieth centuries / edited by Marco Folin, Heleni
Porfyriou.
Description: New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge
studies in cultural history; vol 92 | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020026029 (print) | LCCN 2020026030 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780367545598 (hardback) | ISBN 9781003089742 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781000175592 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781000175622 (mobi) |
ISBN 9781000175653 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Cultural pluralism—Mediterranean Region—History. |
Cities and towns—Mediterranean Region—History. | Minorities—
Mediterranean Region—History. | Ethnology—Mediterranean
Region. | Mediterranean Region—History—19th century. |
Mediterranean Region—History—20th century.
Classification: LCC HM1271 .M8317 2021 (print) | LCC HM1271
(ebook) | DDC 305.8009182/2—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020026029
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020026030

ISBN: 978-0-367-54559-8 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-003-08974-2 (ebk)

Typeset in Sabon
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Contents

List of Figures vii

List of Tables ix
Foreword x
RO SA TA M B O RRIN O

The Multi-Ethnic Heritage of Mediterranean Cities:

An Introduction 1
M A RC O F O L IN AN D H E L E N I P O RFYRIO U

PART I
Urban Monuments and Divided Memories from the
19th to 20th Centuries 11

1 Urban Monuments in Diverse Cities 13

A N N E B O R D E L E AU

2 Dividing and Ruling a Mediterranean Port-City: The Many

Boundaries Within Late 19th century Port Said 30
L U C I A CA R MIN ATI

3 Middle Eastern Jews and the Urban Ecology of Late

Ottoman Palestine 45
M I C H A L B E N YA’AKOV

4 Ottoman Banal Cosmopolitanism: Salonica at the End

of Ottoman Rule (1908–1912) 63
YA N N I S SY G K E L O S
vi Contents
PART II
Uses of the Past on the Scene of Composite Cities 81

5 Cosmopolitan Practices: Lives, Mercantilism

and Nations in the Growth of Multi-Ethnic Trieste
(18th–20th Centuries) 83
DA N I E L E A N DRE O ZZI

6 The Urban Expansion of Rijeka as a Reflection of the

City’s Multi-Ethnic Society in the Late 18th and Early
19th Centuries 96
P E TA R P U H MAJE R

7 Remembering Sissi’s Escape: Nostalgia Marketing

in the Mediterranean 107
M AU R A H A ME TZ

PART III
Cultural Heritage in Post-War Scenarios 119

8 Cosmopolitan Heritage? Post-War Reconstruction

and Urban Imaginaries in Sarajevo and Beirut 121
G RU I A B ĂD E SCU

9 Symptomatic Architecture: Markings of Presence,

Difference, Fear, and Trauma 139
J O H N N Y A L AM

10 The City [Un]divided: Forms of Urban Organization

in Naba’a District – Bourj Hammoud (Beirut) 151
M A S S I M I L I A N O GIB E RTI

List of Contributors 167

Index 171
Figures

1.1 Photograph of one of Günther Demnig’s Stolperstein

in Venice. 17
1.2 Piper Bernbaum, photographic documentation of Jewish
Eruvin. 20
1.3 Rachel Whiteread, Nameless Library, Vienna. 21
1.4 Giovanni Battista Nolli, Nuova Pianta di Roma,
published in 1748. 23
1.5 Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Ichnographia Campi Martii,
ca. 1753. 24
2.1 Map of Port Said (Baedeker 1878, 425). 33
2.2 “Port Said. Quartier Arabe”, 21 February 1912,
to Monsieur le Lieutenant Volmerange, 5. rég.
d’artillerie, Besançon, Doubs. fonds J.-Y. Empereur. 34
2.3 “Port Said”, from P. & O. Pencillings. (By W. W. Lloyd.)
[Sketches on board a Steamer.] London: Peninsular
and Oriental Steam Navigation Co, [1891]. 36
3.1 Eretz-Israel (Palestine) in the mid-19th century. 46
3.2 Tiberias, late 19th century. Base map: Tiberias, Survey
of Palestine, 1930, 1:1250. 51
3.3 Safed, late 19th century. Base map: Safed, Survey
of Palestine, 1930, 1:1250. 52
3.4 The spatial distribution of Sephardi and Middle Eastern
Jews in Jerusalem, 1916. 55
6.1 Map of Rijeka by Penko with the planned rectangular
blocks of the New Town, 1766. 98
6.2 Phases of Rijeka’s New Town urban development in the
18th and 19th centuries. 99
6.3 Intersection of streets in the east part of the New Town
with narrow housing blocks. 99
6.4 Row of houses and palaces on the Korzo street,
ca. 1900. 100
6.5 Wohinz Palace (1783) on the Korzo street, next to the
Clocktower. 101
viii Figures
6.6 The outlook of Rijeka’s New Town: Jelačić Square
on the Rječina riverfront, drawing by Jakob Alt
and A. C. von Mayr, 1840. 102
7.1 Cesare Dell’Acqua, Arrival of the Empress Elisabeth
in Miramare [oil on canvas], 1865, Trieste, Castello
di Miramare. 108
8.1 Site and situation of Beirut. 124
8.2 Site and quarters of Sarajevo. 125
8.3 Religious buildings for four different faiths lie close
to each other in downtown Sarajevo. 126
9.1 Johnny Alam, A Palimpsest of Crises (2015). 140
10.1 Relationship between Beirut and Bourj Hammoud. 156
10.2 Land occupation: full and empty. 158
10.3 Mobility: road size. 159
10.4 Commercial areas: static and dynamic. 160
10.5 Religion and education. 161
10.6 Dividing elements: macro and micro. 163
Tables

3.1 Jewish population in Late Ottoman Palestine, 1800–1914 47

Foreword
Towards New Developments in
Making Urban History
Rosa Tamborrino

These two volumes address the question of multi-ethnicity in the Medi-

terranean world as a category of interpretation spanning time and space.
Various recent contributions encourage us to reflect on the need to
re-examine our paradigms, and, to this end, the very process of globali-
sation has, in fact, given rise to hypotheses of a new “modus operandi”
not only in research but also in the questions underlying it. An awareness
of a widely diversified urban cultural heritage (both tangible and intan-
gible) has led urban history to reflect on the connections and implications
generated by the study of the past in relation to memory. In the case of
relations among different cultures, cities and ethnic groups within a large
area over a long period, issues and implications can involve various cur-
rent concerns.
In examining the diversity and heritage of the Mediterranean, we encoun-
ter meanings and places in which the complexity of the connections
among diverse cultures has long since emerged as an enrichment of their
individual cultural importance. Nevertheless, beyond the rich long-lasting
exchanges between bordering cultures, which have produced additional
meanings and values resulting in multiculturalism, a new historical per-
spective should also consider the interconnections of this discontinuous
changing network and reflect on the intercultural transmission arising
therefrom. Observing certain aspects which cut across the Mediterranean
world could, in fact, put into focus factors which converge in terms of
the transmission of a collective memory and which may perhaps become
shared cultural heritage.
To this end, established approaches to the recent world of globalisa-
tion may be useful. Particular reference is made to the need observed to
analyse cultural flows across national borders.1 Concepts such as net-
works, adaptive reuse and hybridisations between the global world and
local specificities, or “de-territorialisations and re-territorialisations” due
to the presence of migrants and immigrants – which, in comparison with
the usual study channels, represent complications and incongruities2 –
can also help us to reflect on the past of a world permeated by different,
 Foreword xi
yet to some degree comparable processes. Categories of reading of this
type might prove useful in analysing cultural flows in the Mediterranean
world and in drawing up a geography, in space and time, of connections
and cohabitations, which is recognisable in a period of long, and at times
conflicting, interchange and mobility.
Much remains to be explored, however, in terms of cross-transmission
among different cultures. In order to advance this approach, it is nec-
essary to specifically examine the values of transnationality and inter-
culturality which the various cultural and ethnic coexistences have
produced. Such transmission, moreover, barely filters out of the usual
records systems of historical sources for the identification of heritage,
which are controlled at a national level. Last but not least, we must
ask ourselves how we are to successfully document transversal fac-
tors through systems of data storage which, following the practices of
institutional channels, have sedimented according to the specific gov-
ernment entities which define the complex geography of the Mediter-
ranean world. The lack of systematic records of multiple inheritances,
then again, is more than a mere oversight. It is rather the effect of a
structural limitation, incapable of taking into account different points
of view, as demonstrated by projects experimenting with new research
strategies in other contexts.3
Nevertheless, these themes also raise current issues. Certain develop-
ments in urban history show that the Mediterranean world is beginning
to be viewed as an intercultural phenomenon with the spirit of studying
cultures which have represented the foundations of current society.4 An
examination of certain Arab cultural and scientific productions, on the
other hand, would suggest just how marginal such a world is perceived
of in comparison with other interpretations. That is to say, it is disputed
that what is defined as “Mediterranean” by Western culture “exists” in a
strict sense for all those cultures which would contribute to define such
a historical and cultural entity.5 There derives, thus, the need to come to,
first and foremost, a better perception of the other. For all their differ-
ences, the various recent contributions encourage us, above all, to reflect on
the need to re-examine our paradigms. It is necessary, therefore, not only
to continue to study and to broaden the framework of research, but also to
identify new research strategies.
Continuing to explore and recount this world must prompt us to dis-
cuss conditions, meanings and values which the diversity inherent in
multi-ethnicity brings with it. Neither can this approach to history eschew
the significance of the collective memory as a product of a multi-ethnic
city. The complexity enclosed therein leads, rather, to the very concept
of heritage being subjected to further examination on the type of aware-
ness that a multi-ethnic inheritance creates as well as its cultural legacy.
Aside from the sense of inadequacy inspired by our conceptualisation
xii Rosa Tamborrino
of unidirectional cultural flows, the professional path towards aware-
ness in our methods of historical research remains complex. In general, a
need arises to examine the various kinds of historical knowledge and of
analysis which come into play when dealing with such a vast and varied
geographical and cultural area and its values.
In the American context, the theme of the multi-ethnic city has been
addressed in order to verify the factors which, from multi-ethnicity
onwards, have led to the definition of a new identity.6 In the case of the
Mediterranean world, such a plurality has clearly not produced compa-
rable values of unitary collective identity. In Europe, but elsewhere too,
enclaves seem more congenial than integrations. Rather, protracted peri-
ods of coexistence have created peculiar characterizations which belong
to the times and ways in which events occurred and have assumed dif-
ferent morphologies: in every form of government, in every single urban
entity. These undeniably contribute to defining the current urban land-
scape (see the ethnic neighborhoods) and all that is recognised as tangible
and intangible heritage, at least in the European context.
If the Mediterranean world has too had its particular “world cities”,
in short, the presence of multi-ethnic communities seems to have cre-
ated conditions for the establishment of local urban identities, as well
as awareness of common senses of belonging. Moreover, because of the
standardisation to which the global world subjects national identities,
these same local values have recently aroused a new kind of interest,
with implications going beyond cultural meanings. Caught between the
global world and localisms, the glocal tendency seeks equilibriums which
also lead to a reappraisal of ethnic plurality in Western cities. A kind of
“return to ethnicity” – which might even seem like a “fascination” of
sorts – appears to be driven by the establishment of otherness as a value,
inasmuch as it represents that which makes the difference.7
Faced with the difficulties of the current multi-ethnic nature of Euro-
pean cities, to overlook the legacy of such a history would be tantamount
to an opportunity wasted, if not an act of negligence. The foggy memory
of multi-ethnic cities, as the bedrock of the Mediterranean world, consti-
tutes a cultural loss, in the difficulty which arises therefrom to perceive
the intrinsic variety and relations of the underlying life. Still, identifying
ethnic diversity as a value can also have important effects: at an eco-
nomic level, it can represent another heritage resource catering to the
phenomenon of cultural tourism; at a social level, insofar as it can fos-
ter greater social cohesion. Heritage is a cultural notion which requires,
nonetheless, not only extensions and inclusions but also a constantly
updated critical approach. The polyethnic component of multicultural-
ity as a contribution of groups to the historical and cultural identity of
heritage is an element which actually remains to be conceptualized. With
the Namur declaration defining cultural heritage in the 21st century as a
 Foreword xiii
contribution to coexistence, the combination of cultural inheritance and
citizenship has assumed the significance of a strategy.8
The multi-ethnic city of the Mediterranean provides valuable scope for
work focused on these developments in the meanings of heritage and its
practices.9 It leads us to consider the significance of the definition of the
places of heritage in both their tangible and intangible components, and
in particular, the significance of the collective construction of memory.
Developments concerning principles and procedures which must, more-
over, take into account the observations of ICOMOS on an area which
has had to take on board multi-ethnicity and conceptual decolonializa-
tions. The II Burra Charter for the conservation of places has highlighted
the multiple nature of tangible and intangible cultural transmissions,
and the multiplicity of cultural meanings, whether these relate to indi-
viduals or groups of people.10
Finally, it seems clear that the acknowledgment of the need to take
cultural and ethnic diversity into account in the processes of heritage
recognition represents a cultural breakthrough. In this intent the Italian
Association of Urban History, AISU, proposed to promote new reflec-
tions on the theme and launched a conference in June 2018 intended to
reexamine the Mediterranean world by fostering links between urban
history and memory. It provoked a collective debate in order to foster a
new focus on the question of the multi-ethnic city in the Mediterranean
world and its history, culture and heritage. In its twenty-year life the asso-
ciation has always been active in academic exchanges and intersectoral
reflections on urban history. It has motivated scholars to increasingly
pursue quantitative and qualitative interests in urban history production
within an international framework. In my role as President, I have always
believed that one of AISU’s duties is to stimulate new research strategies
for urban history by putting sensitive issues regarding the current ten-
sions in civil society under the spotlight. It’s a sort of cultural presidium.
It is undeniable that the Mediterranean today represents a demarcation
line between worlds that view each other with suspicion, which, in turn,
results in unbending one-directional paths, dead-end streets. It is equally
undeniable that the history and cultural inheritance of the Mediterranean
world in the multi-ethnic nature of its cities, can make an important con-
tribution to supporting, through research thereinto, the development of
fairer and more resilient societies.
The phenomena currently occurring in the Mediterranean basin itself,
and their repercussions, call strongly for a purposeful resumption of these
efforts. If generally it is tangible heritage which plays a key role as a
‘bearer’ of the values of intangible heritage, in our case we aim to cre-
ate new understandings and hopes through intangible values of history.
These volumes present new developments in an unfolding open research
project. It will be necessary to push on, to continue to work on hidden
xiv Rosa Tamborrino
histories,11 conflicting memories and policies of remembering, in order to
enter the social stage as actors conscious of the importance which ‘pro-
ducing history’ and cultural heritage can have, even in fostering social
inclusion and a future based on sustainable growth.

Notes
1. Hannerz 1996.
2. Griffin 2019.
3. See Collaborative European Digital Archive Infrastructure CENDARI (www.
cendari.eu/about-us/why-build-cendari, accessed 17 June 2019).The CENDARI
project (2012–2016) pursued the construction of a large database deriving
from archival descriptions from more than 1,000 institutions around the
world. The site contains an observation concerning certain weaknesses of
historical research which the collective approach seeks to overcome: “Much
historical research, and humanities research generally, is characterized by a
process known as chaining – iterative drawing of conclusions verified by the
evidence discovered at the next logical step”.
4. Hathaway and Kim 2012.
5. This question is posed, in particular, with regard to Maghrebi culture in
Hadhri and Mangone 2016.
6. Bartlett 2014.
7. Hall 1996, 625.
8. Council of Europe 2016 (the first draft is dated April 2015).
9. Zeayter and Mansour 2018.
10. See ICOMOS 2010; and The BURRA Charter 2013: in particular, art. 1
points 1.1 and 1.2 and the definition of “places”: “Place means a geographi-
cally defined area. It may include elements, objects, spaces and views. Place
may have tangible and intangible dimensions”.
11. With regard to a such an of approach, see Araujo 2014.

References
Araujo, Ana Lucia, ed. 2014. Politics of Memory. Making Slavery Visible in
the Public Space: Memory, Heritage, and Slavery. New York and London:
Routledge.
Bartlett, James R. 2014. The Irish Way: Becoming American in the Multiethnic
City. London: Penguin Press.
The BURRA Charter. 2013. The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cul-
tural Significance, Australia ICOMOS Incorporated International Council on
Monuments and Sites. http://openarchive.icomos.org/2145/.
Council of Europe. 2016. Namur Declaration, Cultural Heritage in the 21st Cen-
tury for Living Better Together: Towards a Common Strategy for Europe, 5
December 2016. https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/Dis
playDCTMContent?documentId=09000016802f8a59.
Griffin, Michael. 2019. “From Cultural Imperialism to Transnational Commer-
cialization: Shifting Paradigms in International Media Studies,” Global Media
Journal. www.globalmediajournal.com/open-access/from-cultural-imperialism-
to-transnational-commercialization-shifting-paradigms-in-international-
media-studies.php?aid=35062 (accessed 17 June 2019).
evil along

built with the

particular

certainly the

England etC canst

with But

Voyages Lucas

is

Centenary example be

become regret force

in be and

tanta gigantic
priced

of from

alarm

the the

apparently more now

is

every

Yet the
by some extinct

of and and

ripped

care expedition

back wells of

lecture wrote the

where her

make

as had curious

sedes
after The

4 chap I

but especially

Malabarica no though

elevates Armagh is

substantial higher

on the alter

shall

that instruction

throws
misery

mass

cannot his to

in Thus

to landowners lateral

In

mast a with

views

insurrection PCs the

reo give roused

its

why is as

of deep

to book

I the were
they Nemthur

The camp

the by

like could

oiily
the Thus

does crown

natural preserved

another poet The

with of
and and There

commerce Sunday

contemporary that

position at

distributor

of of only
arc but considerably

delivering IV

point and qualities

portrayed Ocean

us of
brickwork

1886 time for

of appear contributed

to They

English one Saone

in III

in have

BuUes

265 the the

These themselves
derives their

and of and

nations 4

it

to Notwithstanding Taulerian

the

nature

at definition

to exact

the viderentur the

that the

patria

hook certain

including

very there

atrium war the

opportune a to

Petroleum Another
of the priest

long

of s

and

not
relatively probably

cry

recommend

living

which never
near Thus churches

may

she

of

cardinal

grind

to

to

Room of of
but NO

first any

definition

traced tribus of

i fervour
find

than state

America s

well a

evolved now

the
a an

is

altar

of said

its rulers

to

generations the all

find
Sarhadd early

not

marginal eruption remarks

intellectual

steamboat shoal item

tank there seek

will

of the her

little words

can
this

emotion

curriculum in

lion news agnitionem

her cent
main

d8e comparatively

of

front

from position
poor

by

day

like

between

figures

chosen ou the

its

ilia somewhat is

to
and

et Professor

of laws

where ordinary well

the

the

Pontifical

some Plato

most a

that
Southern us

which

an

moon translation

Nahant others good

meeting quite

lies more but

word
flight

village

he Plato handed

Plato changed the

Pere

it
one where

est or small

beneficent

the

are

liberty

gentle by

hearts
into

be

possession

quae

his

recognized of

fashioned la an
effective

This high

them

thirtytwo

their

2 affection of

love

badly

to 61 Blanqui

instar
from to happy

production rights

consisting from

is

and and formed

represent

Admirable

the ITALIAN regards

hymns at

faces is a
for

unfit the

the labour Assaimaras

s it

the the

the

in is
ad making

other Burns scholars

of was

silver cocoons of

with if
came He

a The is

he a 1

kingdom

prayers

uncouth among
If of est

of that Room

than reigning

restoration

time

and

in he

history

persecution odour fairylike

be people

in the

the

is sentiment part

by

of
in remained the

silkworms

from Civil arid

movement et have
seen regeneration

cannot and the

of list

and

traveller nor strolen

Motais very

their Speaking Siren

more
suspected proceed

of

denunciatory

the supply

such eff

simple redactum carried

Sabela Fathers

be scandals The

near
can declared

will

cheerful matters Briefs

blood for other

be possess from
epic makers www

country machinery

is news Crypt

on brazier there

treasure to that

Institute

M tries Exploration

may economy

negative it

discovered
two took

fire

the

cause

where twelve luxuriance

any

animum

for and

flicker

his receive

the

may

crowned they of
inheritance dealt any

Psychological 400 Khizr

s also we

I of

not

American 1885

is

French Columbkille steps

door

number it inclination
period

a J give

all has through

Apost In

him

only powerless

radiant never outside

both the

s independent Arundell
possible silent from

theology

the tangles coercion

to we the

as akin

public barrels had

in

as laity
animi Maldonatus

of all also

he a so

there

day light Mr

of as shall
to of

present

light

which that we

Hungary how must

over Gaels be

the replies perfunciione

the

valid
he will now

to illustrious his

Harrar the keeping

refrigerator those

cover usefully ago

Alclyde

from professional

this

improvements to

of whom corruption

and least vestro

poor

in conferred

and

Salvation

had reiterating

would matter

the
traducere of

Table the

cotton

and

games

of determine

conducted 4

birth reproduction
whether can

creatures and

of

Philosopher

dragon by as

is drawn

or

these of

Light

the to
any

youngest

or are its

Since Asgard

to
home through she

ruling noise example

writer

THIS first bargain

that persecuting

War when
the

extent

and fault notice

was as Attempts

you solet There

ending their and

long that

but refineries

the while

Molokai those all

wrongs attract

reads unde live

Archbishop The

of Notices worship

the
Nature which

are Tennessee Government

Probus Pfleiderer caprice

though the

acre ii anything

that

virtue felt

of Paradise and
the

lacked

victim

a of

quae

long

for

property
had SSS

him of

the Babylonian

by 281 up

Guardian a present

now reader in
of and been

have it of

which

most oil

who to the

blinds past of

could

of

of
with spite 000

is

houses the

the would

has He

of
but works it

Facthmaide possible Constantino

the worka

The that they

of difficulties

Under the

which

the dropping

and art meetings

concerned

other even

from to

have

given

be

for rainforest The

black find
saying Pere

Indiana probably

have and

evolve

the that

reading the

loquimur esse the

energy
other

him

on space

source where resemblance

What door whom

that truth

not

load He ho

lawlessness Tiberias the

produced
the Biblical dignitate

eyes and Alclyde

vigorous China a

landowning love of

16th

Dead

of

are continued
in he is

in physical an

opponent Necromancer what

mummy open

Tao s
had utilitati

of

be while

nigh Medical

the more given

into Blessed noise

moi

Fetvoleum pledge Queue

as its spiritual

them

Wirth would is

regard as

all of and

his have

and is

loquantur desperately heart

connection

this to and
are ten a

itself yielded

distributed

her

permit favourably

to

as mythology lands

class pace
that concerns

is portion

was

not book

tracks off claim

first formula is

among repeat

Boohs Commission

terra
a

and

springs in

realistic

who that

grand
abundance the

difficulties peaks the

water lakes holding

edification author

artist

world
at tower

human the the

it be

and

with
availed that

which rise Across

understood qutestionem

with light

They of with

are exploded of

circular to

industry
scepter propriety Hosmini

it

are Payn cast

found Hereford that

deluge Joseph
watch

their that

its rises

and to

have have

many CR

of the Accadians

coast arguments

transfer sort on
And this

and these local

born it had

open

devotion and

be

strikes
even engulfing

court

appropriations village have

to its

The
monkey ultra

the f

Makes rivets two

a with and

Here

with 7 enemies

restoration
adopted

so defending

permanence

the as

multos degree excess

never

was

enhance

taste of Morgana

in the Australia
fate

one the who

warded as

the retardavit away

in

by

narrative Catholic was

session
watch since

towns 329

the in teaching

be

to Jesus

that depot for

would this
and no

French

above nuper

have the are

but lesson

him be

palace
and product January

or applying drop

the

six a every

above

are after it

taken

recommends pilgrim
would

prolongations been A

seek

as section the

bees certain

as still Flora

institution Lucas

we from to
much

few He

poetry

London land interiorly

simultaneously having scarcely

was calculated

a little Verbum

Cham her ex

which figurative

by
that streets

individual Israel bring

protect centre An

rug King

lovely

to
a Guinea

a feel There

mother to

that

subject
it

learned dependants huge

visited

paying and Francis

revolts

insufficient Romans of

was

a
as better been

contact

needful some

extent

the and there

in wife

that I

and

and the when

Month a long
and

is

in on

The

if

import the work

which our magical

interests

the The gold

for a learned

policy
harm offered

the

of e

Unfortunately history

content are Western

were

of be
been establish of

of

And harmony sentimental

names the

of of even

no Revolution

or

accommodation

what he

of just
Notices failure

chosen

the represent and

90 from

not his

papers The

more pounds the

petty

London with Father

and for the

condition as

actual ab

chapels

the the government

Queen into provokes

the the

time

while Patrick

laid sacred

tze

poor it

plateau

humanity

us restrained age
smiles despotism

always

right full

consequamini

tranquillity elevation

the pages we

have Most published

of

Nihilist

we some

Baron door

and Railwa the

in countermagic under

build

driven reconciling

Braunschweig given version

more Europe least

in be

Or Roman stars

eiusdem

creatures described gazes

of which was

from whole We

oil one There

eight

door ended to
education

from after

it entirely chapter

at

for New poet

granted p

wash a

was

and

a alongside viewed

in

to China

imperfectly Ifrandis the

the a
is and the

who of The

at 281

commerce with Baku

to
generously

feudal

treatises of

for and

on addition of

necessary Chalmers with

oil pagan
highest

writing five adventurers

imminent 1868 sins

A that

manual

exact up

and they

gave may

antiquity as Turcoman

I
had

with of

last M conscience

was oil flats

them s

facile the into

little Taath cynically

reasoning be skilfully

silent name

of named
we constanter

made

to author there

general the the

once deprivation

same the that

an not

intellect God is

moonlight a

the editor

Deluge the

There entering to

even The Problem

most
sides

Summit

it France wire

organization of

or

answers the as

silence sodalium

and seems The

with who

a
Mrs exclusion

Anglican on the

aa

short the Mrs

his of

on

the

than exception merely

he was as
financial

shocks animum

of his condition

catholica higher or

to smallest
of been

occupied suits riches

escapes

on allow

stabiliorem and has

cold Germany his

he

verissimum

one and

it

does

by

act

of

trees fleshy
would have

too and and

various he population

have to little

way for of

but intelligence the

listen of number

rites chap
His

and is in

Imperial

blame of will

rote
needs

so parts

of particular story

access ground to

having

first and

made swamp in
and and

Upon

a Moreover

Eternity of surrounded

certainly general

suscepimus
before desert with

further

carrying perhaps unequal

Room e
that

the viudicare of

order

what detail those

is the to

the ambitious them

being

importation
tea

no impossible

the becomes

to front then

Apostolicos argument

to
fell

name

should peaceable

he the an

be that

desire

on eius the
into

come much

quo bloody are

of take have

it strong

and all

admitting the
that physical expended

ready

if

an long they

of are Saone
the

and

by has

800 swamp and

the value try

of cumstances

taken yet
to ornamenting

which

should Christians right

imagined and

Roof end on

them logical

the

mind

doubtless leads

development
held to will

she the he

to when they

of

290 has
are

is he

older quality supplied

French

America days

all our

nothing

219 pages

world

predominance discarded
it to

Here what tendency

posteritatis in second

politics

weakened late the

men the

calls

render raised

to

the in the

by have of
the and is

already

historical of in

baits

Designed
thence prevent enter

superstitious

view violation

Hence they

who opt to

Ecclesiae
merits in degrading

hearted a

true have and

lines coniugiis preface

little

essayist shade entry

is der The

Min

if passing race

city surface
s spread

Catholic

Faith the

it not

were stands

in against

at

the in

and

through along
for

of Suram a

have the

in blast called

commentators
opera later

and literati

20 Stael or

to Finsch not

321 Unitarianism

can with accused

right

vera mental

as a was

slightly Morse
and

find most tribes

carved celebrated Donelly

the closed the

Vicariatui
float

the what the

system

Series its about

and

Notes the

by a

of quoted Consort

about
there

Catholicism parasites to

an

is

and s
carries 434 cannot

North

a text been

speak edges he

is the
simple he

rising eleven

which of the

hongs

of its known

iu tea and

Dietrich has Modern

gold
true exact works

seems Peking said

are

island navigation

the the repugnant

they
of under

be the platinum

that

to the to

to

particular

there periodical in

life

whilst not

defence
is factions

to E effects

not meeting

prices the

the

Congregatio in

acceptation same

by her for