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304415_fm.qxd 11/14/05 12:20 PM Page i

The Essay
Connection
Readings for Writers
Eighth Edition

Lynn Z. Bloom
The University of Connecticut

Houghton Mifflin Company

Boston New York
304415_fm.qxd 11/14/05 12:20 PM Page ii

Editor-in-Chief: Suzanne Phelps Weir

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Cover image: Walkway and Steps on Huangshan Mountains at Dawn, Anhui

Province, China. Copyright © Daryl Benson/Masterfile

Credits for texts, graphic essays, photographs, and illustrations appear on pages
650–653, which constitute a continuation of the copyright page.

Copyright © 2007 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by

any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording,
or by any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written
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owners as identified herein. Address requests for permission to make copies of
Houghton Mifflin material to College Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Company,
222 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA 02116-3764.

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Instructor’s exam copy

ISBN 13: 978-0-618-73120-6
ISBN 10: 0-618-73120-2

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ISBN 13: 978-0-618-64365-3
ISBN 10: 0-618-64365-6

123456789-EB-09 08 07 06 05
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Contents

Topical Table of Contents xv

Preface: Transforming a Textbook for a Transformed World xxv

Acknowledgments xxxii

Part I On Writing 1
1. Writers in Process—Finding the Words, the Forms, and
the Reasons to Write 1
AMY TAN, “Mother Tongue” 13
“I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language—the
way it can evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple
truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them all—all the Englishes
I grew up with.”

B. K. LOREN, “Living Without/With Words” 19

“Words carry on their backs their entire histories. This is what I learned the
day they packed up and left me languageless. No forwarding address, no
wish-you-were-here postcard.”

ELIE WIESEL, “Why I Write: Making No Become Yes” 22

“For the survivor, writing is not a profession, but an occupation, a duty.
Camus calls it ‘an honor.’ . . . Not to transmit an experience is to betray it.
. . . [I write] to help the dead vanquish death.”

❆ MATT NOCTON, “Why I Write” 29

“I write because I can express myself in ways I find impossible with
spoken words.”

2. Getting Started 30
STEPHEN KING, “A door . . . you are willing to shut” 35
“If possible, there should be no telephone in your writing room, certainly no
TV or videogames for you to fool around with. . . . When you write, you
want to get rid of the world, do you not? . . . When you’re writing, you’re
creating your own worlds.”

❆ Student writings.
iii
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iv Contents

ANNE LAMOTT, “Polaroids” 38

“Writing a first draft is very much like watching a Polaroid develop. You
can’t—and, in fact, you’re not supposed to—know exactly what the picture
is going to look like until it has finished developing.”

WILLIAM LEAST HEAT-MOON, “A List of Nothing in

Particular” 42
“To say nothing is out here is incorrect; to say the desert is stingy with
everything except space and light, stone and earth is closer to the truth.”

❆ Selections from Student Writers’ Notebooks 46

“I read something in some book from some new author in some bookshop
somewhere to the effect that writer’s block is ‘reading old fat novels instead
of making new skinny ones.’ My secret is out.”

3. Writing: Re-Vision and Revision 56

MAXINE HONG KINGSTON, “On Discovery” 60
This parable provides a startling and painful definition of what it means to
be a woman in a male-dominated Chinese culture.

DONALD M. MURRAY, “The Maker’s Eye: Revising Your Own

Manuscripts” 62
“When students complete a first draft, they consider the job of writing
done—and their teachers too often agree. When professional writers complete
the first draft, they usually feel they are at the start of the writing process.
When a draft is completed, the job of writing can begin.”

JOHN TRIMBUR, “Guidelines for Collaborating in Groups” 72

“People have different styles of interacting in groups. . . . So successful
groups learn to incorporate the strengths of all these styles, making sure
that even the most reticent members participate.”

❆ MARY RUFFIN, “Writer’s Notebook Entries: The Evolution of

‘Mama’s Smoke’” 76
The nine preliminary versions of this essay, freewritings, poems, and prose
drafts have resulted in an elegant, poetic essay. “My mother, dead for a decade,”
says Ruffin, “speaks in fragments, interrupting in the middle of my sentences.”

Part II Determining Ideas in a Sequence 85

4. Narration 85
V. PENELOPE PELIZZON, “Clever and Poor” (poem) 91
“She has always been clever and poor. . . .
Clever are the six
handkerchiefs stitched to the size of a scarf
and knotted at her throat. Poor is the thin coat . . .”
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Contents v

SHERMAN ALEXIE, “What Sacagawea Means to Me” 92

“In the future, every U.S. citizen will get to be Sacagawea for fifteen minutes.
For the low price of admission, every American, regardless of race, religion,
gender, and age will climb through the portal into Sacagawea’s Shoshone
Indian brain. In the multicultural theme park called Sacagawea Land . . . “

E. B. WHITE, “Once More to the Lake” 97

“It is strange how much you can remember about places . . . once you allow
your mind to return into the grooves which lead back.”

ANNE FADIMAN, “Under Water” 104

On a summer wilderness program, the students in canoes on the Green
River “saw the standing wave bend Gary’s body forward at the waist, push
his face underwater, stretch his arms in front of him, and slip his orange life
jacket off his shoulders.”

FREDERICK DOUGLASS, “Resurrection” 109

“You have seen how a man was made a slave; you shall see how a slave was
made a man.”

ART SPIEGELMAN, “Mein Kampf (My Struggle)”

(graphic essay) 115
“It’s all a matter of record: I made a comic book about it . . . you know . . .
the one with Jewish mice and Nazi cats. . . . You’ve gotta boil everything
down to its essence in comix. . . .”

❆ JASON VERGE, “The Habs” 119

“I have spent so many years devoted to my Habs [the Montreal Canadiens]
that it has become a religion to me. . . . How could I not love a sport that
combines the gracefulness of ice-skating and the brutality of football? . . .
I am a Canadian . . . hockey is the opiate of my people.”

5. Process Analysis 126

MARILYN NELSON, “Asparagus” (poem) 131
“He taught me how to slurp asparagus:
You hold it in your fingers, eat the stem
by inches. . . .”

ISAAC ASIMOV, “Those Crazy Ideas” 132

To create, invent, dream up, or stumble over “a new and revolutionary scien-
tific principle,” such as the theory of natural selection, requires a felicitous
combination of a broad education, intelligence, intuition, courage—and luck.

TOM AND RAY MAGLIOZZI, “Inside the Engine” 142

“There aren’t too many things that will go wrong, because [car] engines
are made so well. . . . Aside from doing stupid things like running out of
oil or failing to heed the warning lights or overfilling the thing, you
shouldn’t worry.”
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vi Contents

SCOTT RUSSELL SANDERS, “The Inheritance of Tools” 148

“A house will stand, a table will bear weight, the sides of a box will hold
together, only if the joints are square and the members upright. When the
bubble is lined up between two marks etched in the glass tube of a level, you
have aligned yourself with the forces that hold the universe together. . . .
I took pains over the wall I was building on the day my father died.”
CHANG-RAE LEE, “Coming Home Again” 155
“ ‘I should never let you go [to Exeter Academy].’
‘So why did you?’ I said.
‘Because I didn’t know I was going to die.’”
NTOZAKE SHANGE, “What Is It We Really Harvestin’ Here?” 165
“We got a sayin‘, ‘The blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice,’ which is
usually meant as a compliment. To my mind, it also refers to the delectable
treats we as a people harvested for our owners and for our own selves all
these many years, slave or free.”
❆ NING YU, “Red and Black, or One English Major’s Beginning” 172
“In the late 1960s the [Communist] Revolution defined ‘intellectual’ as
‘subversive.’ So my father, a university professor . . . was regarded as a
‘black’ element, an enemy of the people. In 1967, our family was driven out
of our university faculty apartment, and I found myself in a ghetto middle
school, an undeserving pupil of the red expert Comrade Chang.”

6. Cause and Effect 185

MARY OLIVER, “August” (poem) 190
“When the blackberries hang
swollen in the woods, in the brambles
nobody owns, I spend
all day . . . “
❆ AMANDA N. CAGLE, “On the Banks of the Bogue Chitto”
(creative nonfiction) 191
“This river is all the truth I’ve ever needed. It’s where most of my family
was born, where we were named, where we’ve found our food, where two of
us have since chosen to die.”
ZITKALA-SA, from The School Days of an Indian Girl 196
“I was . . . neither a wild Indian nor a tame one. This deplorable situation
was the effect of my brief course in the East [four years in a boarding school
run by whites].”

JONATHAN KOZOL, “The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society” 204

“So long as 60 million [illiterate] people are denied significant participation,
the government is neither of, nor for, nor by, the people. It is a government,
at best, of those two-thirds whose wealth, skin color, or parental privilege
allows them opportunity to profit from the provocation and instruction of
the written word.”
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Contents vii

STEPHANIE COONTZ, “Blaming the Family for Economic

Decline” 212
“In the majority of cases, it is poverty and social deprivation that cause
unwed motherhood, not the other way around. . . . Even if we could reunite
every child in America with both biological parents . . . two-thirds of the
children who are poor today would still be poor.”

ATUL GAWANDE, “The Cancer-Cluster Myth” 217

“A community that is afflicted with an unusual number of cancers quite
naturally looks for a cause in the environment—in the ground, the water,
the air. And correlations are sometimes found . . . after, say, contamination
of the water supply by a possible carcinogen. The problem is that when
scientists have tried to confirm such causes, they haven’t been able to.”

❆ MEGAN MCGUIRE, ”Wake Up Call” 225

“Mom shows me the jeans she bought. I think about the pair I’ve been
industriously saving for every week by cleaning an old lady’s house; four
floors for $13.50. I wonder how much hers cost.”

Part III Clarifying Ideas 235

7. Description 235
MEREDITH HALL, “Killing Chickens” (creative nonfiction) 241
“I was killing chickens. It was my 38th birthday. My best friend, Ashley,
had chosen that morning to tell me that my husband had slept with her a
year before.”

LINDA VILLAROSA, “How Much of the Body Is Replaceable?”

(graphic essay) 245
“From the top of the head to the tips of the toes, nearly every part of the body
can be replaced by transplanting organs and tissues from one person to the
next or substituting artificial parts for weakened or damaged tissue.”

SCOTT RUSSELL SANDERS, “Under the Influence: Paying the

Price of My Father’s Booze” 248
“I am only trying to understand the corrosive mixture of helplessness,
responsibility, and shame that I learned to feel as the son of an alcoholic.”

SUZANNE BRITT, “That Lean and Hungry Look” 260

“Thin people turn surly, mean and hard at a young age because they never
learn the value of a hot-fudge sundae for easing tension.”

ISTVAN BANYAI, “Inflation” (cartoon) 264

MARK TWAIN, “Uncle John’s Farm” 265
“It was a heavenly place for a boy, that farm of my uncle John’s. . . . I can
see the farm yet, with perfect clearness. I can see all its belongings, all its
details. . . .”
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viii Contents

LINDA HOGAN, “Dwellings” 272

“Life must stay in everything as the world whirls and tilts and moves
through boundless space.”
❆ ASIYA S. TSCHANNERL, “One Remembers Most What One
Loves” 278
“November [in Beijing] would be full of excitement, with its strong gusts of
wind and swirling sandstorms. It was amazing to look at a grain of sand and
know that it had come from over two thousand miles away, from the Gobi
desert. I remember leaning back against that wind and not being able to fall.”

8. Division and Classification 285

ALEXANDER POPE, “On the Collar of a Dog” (poem) 290
“I am his Higness’ dog at Kew;
Pray tell me, sir, whose dog are you?”
NATALIE ANGIER, “Why Men Don’t Last: Self-Destruction as a
Way of Life” 290
“[Men] are at least twice as likely as women to be alcoholics and three times
more likely to be drug addicts. They have an eightfold greater chance than
women do of ending up in prison. . . . [But] there is not a single, glib,
overarching explanation for [these] sex-specific patterns. . . .”
DEBORAH TANNEN, “Fast Forward: Technologically Enhanced
Aggression” 296
“At the same time that technologically enhanced communication enables
previously impossible loving contact [via Internet and the World Wide
Web] it also enhances hostile and distressing communication”: personal
attacks by e-mailers who shoot from the lip and other types of hasty,
thoughtless, and hostile behavior.
DAVID SEDARIS, “Make That a Double” 306
“Of all the stumbling blocks inherent in learning [French], the greatest for
me is the principle that each noun has a corresponding sex that affects both
its articles and its adjectives. Because it is a female and lays eggs, a chicken
is masculine.”
RICHARD RODRIGUEZ, “Family Values” 309
“I am sitting alone in my car, in front of my parents’ house—a middle-aged
man with a boy’s secret to tell. . . . I hate the word gay. . . . I am happier
with the less polite queer.”
GELAREH ASAYESH, “Shrouded in Contradiction” 317
“For a woman like me, who wears it with a hint of rebellion, hijab is just
not that big a deal. Except when it is.”
❆ SUMBUL KHAN, “Mirror, Mirror On the Wall, Who’s the Fairest of
Them All?” 320
“The hejaab [used to be] for the woman and now it is the very thing our
men strangle us with!”
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Contents ix

9. Definition 328
❆ JENNY SPINNER, “Together in the Old Square Print, 1976”
(poem) 333
“In just one hour, we will be led
into different classrooms,
our first separation since birth.”

CHARLES DARWIN, “Understanding Natural Selection” 334

“It may be said that natural selection is daily and hourly scrutinizing,
throughout the world, every variation, even the slightest; rejecting that
which is bad, preserving and adding up all that is good; silently and
insensibly working, whenever and wherever opportunity offers, at the
improvement of each organic being in relation to its organic and inorganic
conditions of life.”

HOWARD GARDNER, “Who Owns Intelligence?” 341

“What is intelligence? How ought it to be assessed? And how do our
notions of intelligence fit with what we value about human beings?”
By proposing many intelligences and moral intelligence, “experts are
competing for the ‘ownership’ of intelligence in the next century.”

LYNDA BARRY, “Common Scents” (graphic essay) 353

“I have always noticed the smell of other people’s houses, but when I was a
kid I was fascinated by it. No two houses ever smelled alike, even if the
people used the same air freshener.”

❆ JASMINE INNERARITY, “Code Blue: The Process” 365

“Code Blue is the alert signal for a patient who has stopped breathing or
whose heart has stopped. . . . This process is always associated with what
seems like chaos to the outsider but to the health team, it is well organized
and well executed.”

ABRAHAM VERGHESE, “Code Blue: The Story” 369

“ ‘Code Blue, emergency room!’ The code team—an intern, a senior resident,
two intensive care unit nurses, a respiratory therapist, a pharmacist—
thundered down the hallway. Patients in their rooms watching TV sat up in
their beds; visitors froze in place in the corridors.”

❆ JENNY SPINNER, “In Search of Our Past” 373

“Although the darkness surrounding our birth bothered us, my [twin] sister
and I never opened our adoption records, even after we turned twenty-one
and were old enough to do so.”

10. Comparison and Contrast 383

ELIZABETH TALLENT, “No One’s a Mystery” (short story) 388
“‘I know what you’ll be writing in that diary. . . . Tonight you’ll write ‘I love
Jack.’ . . . In two years you’ll write, ‘I wonder what that old guy’s name was,
the one with . . . the filthy dirty pickup truck and time on his hands’.‘“
304415_fm.qxd 11/14/05 12:20 PM Page x

x Contents

DEBORAH TANNEN, “Communication Styles” 391

“Women who go to single-sex schools do better in later life, and . . . when
young women sit next to young men in classrooms, the males talk more.”

SHERRY TURKLE, “How Computers Change the Way We Think” 397

“The tools we use to think change the ways in which we think.”

STEPHEN JAY GOULD, “Evolution as Fact and Theory” 404

“Well, evolution is a theory. It is also a fact. And facts and theories are
different things, not rungs in a hierarchy of increasing certainty. Facts are the
world’s data. Theories are structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts.
Facts do not go away when scientists debate rival theories to explain them.”

BILL MCKIBBEN, “Designer Genes” 412

“Suppose parents could add thirty points to their child’s IQ? Wouldn’t you
want to do it? . . . Deciding not to soup them up . . . well, it could come to
seem like child abuse.”

❆ KATE LOOMIS, “Spiderwebs” 424

“ ‘I can’t guarantee you anything,’ he says . . . ‘but I promise I won’t break
your heart, kid.’ It’s already broken.”

Part IV Arguing Directly and Indirectly 433

11. Appealing to Reason: Deductive and Inductive Arguments 433
THOMAS JEFFERSON, “The Declaration of Independence” 439
“. . . to secure these rights [Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness],
Governments are instituted among Men deriving their just powers from the
consent of the governed. . . . whenever any Form of Government becomes
destructive of these ends, it is the Right of People to alter or to abolish it,
and to institute new Government. . . .”

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., “Letter from Birmingham Jail” 443

“Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an
inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny.
Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly.”

ROBERT REICH, “The Global Elite” 459

“The top fifth of working Americans [takes] home more money than the
other four-fifths put together. . . . The fortunate fifth is quietly seceding from
the rest of the nation.”

EVAN EISENBERG, “Dialogue Boxes You Should Have Read More

Carefully” (graphic essay) 468
“Are you sure you want to restart your computer now? If you do, all open
applications will be closed and the Windows operating system will be
bundled with the genetic code of your future offspring.”
304415_fm.qxd 11/14/05 12:20 PM Page xi

Contents xi

ANNA QUINDLEN, “Uncle Sam and Aunt Samantha” 470

“My son has to register with the Selective Service this year, and if his sister
does not when she turns 18, it makes a mockery not only of the standards of
this household but of the standards of this nation.”

❆ MATTHEW ALLEN, “The Rhetorical Situation of the Scientific

Paper and the ‘Appearance’ of Objectivity” 475
“The writer [of the scientific paper] persuades his or her audience largely
through the appearance of objectivity.”

12. Appealing to Emotion and Ethics 488

MARTÍN ESPADA, “The Community College Revises Its
Curriculum in Response to Changing Demographics” (poem) 493
“SPA 100 Conversational Spanish
2 credits
The course
is especially concerned
with giving police
the ability
to express themselves
tersely
in matters of interest
to them”

ABRAHAM LINCOLN, “The Gettysburg Address” 494

A classic assertion of the unity of a democratic nation, “conceived in liberty,
and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”

JONATHAN SWIFT, “A Modest Proposal” 496

“I have been assured . . . that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year
old the most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed,
roasted, baked, or broiled. . . .”

PETER SINGER, “The Singer Solution to World Poverty” 504

“Whatever money you’re spending on luxuries, not necessities, should be
given away [to the poor]. . . . If we don’t do [this] . . . we are failing to live a
morally decent life. . . .”

G. ANTHONY GORRY, “Steal This MP3 File: What Is Theft?” 511

“To what extent is copying stealing?”

CHARLES M. YOUNG, “Losing: An American Tradition” 516

“Calling someone a loser is probably the worst insult in the United States
today. ‘If you’re calling someone that, the person must lie in a perpetual
state of shame. . . .’ Sports decide who will participate in power [the
winners] and who will be humiliated.”
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xii Contents

❆ MATT NOCTON, “Harvest of Gold, Harvest of Shame” 527

“When [the tobacco harvester] gets off the bus he will find a pick-up truck
parked nearby full of burlap and twine. He must tie this burlap around his
waist as a source of protection against the dirt and rocks that he will be
dragging himself through for the next eight hours.”

Part V Controversy in Context:

Implications of World Terrorism and World Peace
an argument casebook 535
13. Terrorism 535
SEAMUS HEANEY, “Horace and the Thunder” (poem) 541
“Anything can happen, the tallest things
Be overturned, those in high places daunted,
Those overlooked regarded. . . .”

TIM O’BRIEN, “How to Tell a True War Story” (short story) 542
“A true war story is never moral. It does not instruct, nor encourage virtue,
nor suggest models of proper human behavior. . . . If a story seems moral,
do not believe it.”

LAURIE FENDRICH, “History Overcomes Stories” 550

Instead of being able to call on stories from history to provide moral guidance
in an “unspeakable historical moment,” today’s stories are “polluted and
demeaned,” “reduced to fodder for television, movie, and slick magazine
entertainment.” “The universal values of freedom and democracy” need to
be reaffirmed to help us “now act the way we ought to have been acting
all along.”

KANDI TAYEBI, “Warring Memories” 553

“ ‘They should take off their rings.’ . . . ‘When they die, their bodies will
bloat in the heat. For gold, their fingers will be cut off.’”

NATIONAL COMMISSION on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United

States, “Institutionalizing Imagination: The Case of Aircraft as
Weapons” 558
“Imagination is not a gift usually associated with bureaucracies. . . . It is
therefore crucial to find a way of routininzing, even bureaucratizing, the
exercise of imagination.”

BERNARD LEWIS, “What Went Wrong?” 565

“By all the standards that matter in the modern world—economic development
and job creation, literacy, educational and scientific achievement, political
freedom and respect for human rights—what was once a mighty civilization
has indeed fallen low.” Many in the Middle East blame a variety of outside
forces. But underlying much of the Muslim world’s travail may be a simple
lack of freedom.
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MARK JUERGENSMEYER, from Terror in the Mind of God 571

“Instances of exaggerated violence are constructed events: they are mind-
numbing, mesmerizing theater. At center stage are the acts themselves—
stunning, abnormal, and outrageous murders carried out in a way that
graphically displays the awful power of violence—set within grand
scenarios of conflict and proclamation.”

WENDELL BERRY, “Thoughts in the Presence of Fear” 582

“[Before September 11] We had accepted uncritically the belief that technology
is only good; that it cannot serve our enemies as well as ourselves; that it
cannot be used to destroy what is good, including our homelands and our
lives. . . . If we are serious about innovation, must we not conclude that we
need something new to replace our perpetual ‘war to end war’?”

MARY GRAHAM, “The Information Wars” 588

“A year after the terrorist attacks temporary emergency actions have
evolved into fundamental changes in the public’s right to know, and the
restrictions have been driven as much by familiar politics and bureaucratic
instincts as by national security.”

ELIZA GRISWOLD, “Buying Rations in Kabul” (poem) 591

“Of course they know that any peace
that must be kept by force
contains another name. It’s war.”

14. World Peace: Nobel Peace Prize Awards and Speeches 592
WALT WHITMAN, “A Noiseless Patient Spider” (poem) 594
“And you O my soul where you stand,
. . . seeking the spheres to connect/them,
Till the bridge you will need be form’d, till the ductile anchor hold. . . .“

JIMMY CARTER, “Citizen of a Troubled World” (2002) 595

“If we accept the premise that the United Nations is the best avenue for the
maintenance of peace, then the carefully considered decisions of the United
Nations Security Council must be enforced. All too often, the alternative has
proven to be uncontrollable violence and expanding spheres of hostility.”

KOFI ANNAN, “The United Nations in the 21st Century” (2001) 598
The United Nations in the 21st century has “three key priorities for the
future: eradicating poverty, preventing conflict, and promoting democracy.
. . . The United Nations . . . is founded on the principle of the equal worth
of every human being.”

JAMES ORBINSKI, M.D., AND MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES

(DOCTORS WITHOUT BORDERS), “Humanitarianism” (1999) 602
“Humanitarian responsibility has no frontiers. Wherever in the world there is
manifest distress, the humanitarian by vocation must respond. By contrast,
the political knows borders. . . .”
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xiv Contents

YITZAK RABIN, “The One Radical Solution Is Peace” and

YASSER ARAFAT, “The Crescent Moon of Peace” (1994) 605
RABIN: “There is one universal message which can embrace the entire
world . . . the message of the Sanctity of Life.”
ARAFAT: “Peace . . . is an absolute human asset that allows an individual to freely
develop his individuality unbound by any regional, religious or ethnic fetters.”

PHOTO ESSAY :War and Peace

Images, Impressions, Interpretations
NELSON MANDELA, “The End of Apartheid” and
FREDERIK WILLEM DE KLERK, “Reformation and Reconciliation
in South Africa” (1993) 612
MANDELA: “We shall, together, rejoice in a common victory over racism,
apartheid and white minority rule.”
DE KLERK: “The coming election . . . will not be about apartheid or armed
struggle. It will be about future peace and stability, about progress and
prosperity, about nation-building.”
AUNG SAN SUU KYI, “The Revolution of Spirit” (1991) 617
“ ‘To live the full life . . . one must have the courage to bear the responsibility
of the needs of others . . . one must want to bear this responsibility.’”
RIGOBERTA MENCHÚ TUM, “Five Hundred Years of Mayan
Oppression” (1992) 621
“Who can predict what other great scientific conquests and developments
these [Mayan] people could have achieved, if they had not been conquered in
blood and fire, and subjected to an ethnocide that affected nearly 50 million
people in the course of 500 years.”
THE 14TH DALAI LAMA (TENZIN GYATSO), “Inner Peace and
Human Rights” (1989) 624
“Peace . . . starts with each one of us. When we have inner peace, we can be
at peace with those around us. When our community is in a state of peace, it
can share that peace with neighbouring communities. . . .”
BETTY WILLIAMS, “The Movement of the Peace People” (1976) 628
“We are honoured, in the name of all women, that women have been
honoured especially for their part in leading a non-violent movement for a
just and peaceful society. Compassion is more important than intellect, in
calling forth the love that the work of peace needs. . . .”

Appendix A: How to Search for (and Recognize) Good Sites

on the Internet 635
Appendix B: Glossary 639
Credits 650
Index of Authors 654
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Topical Table
of Contents

1 Growing Up
AMY TAN, “Mother Tongue” 13
❆ Selections from Student Writers’ Notebooks 46
❆ MARY RUFFIN, “Writer’s Notebook Entries: The Evolution of ‘Mama’s Smoke’” 76
FREDERICK DOUGLASS, “Resurrection” 109
E. B. WHITE, “Once More to the Lake” 97
ANNE FADIMAN, “Under Water” 104
ART SPIEGELMAN, “Mein Kampf (My Struggle)” 115
❆ JASON VERGE, “The Habs” 119
SCOTT RUSSELL SANDERS, “The Inheritance of Tools” 147
CHANG-RAE LEE, “Coming Home Again” 155
❆ NING YU, “Red and Black, or One English Major’s Beginning” 172
❆ AMANDA N. CAGLE, “On the Banks of the Bogue Chitto” 191
ZITKALA-SA, from The School Days of an Indian Girl 196
❆ MEGAN MCGUIRE, “Wake Up Call” 225
SCOTT RUSSELL SANDERS, “Under the Influence: Paying the Price of My Father’s
Booze” 248
MARK TWAIN, “Uncle John’s Farm” 265
❆ ASIYA S. TSCHANNERL, “One Remembers Most What One Loves” 278
❆ SUMBUL KHAN, “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who’s the Fairest of Them All?” 320
DEBORAH TANNEN, “Communication Styles” 391
❆ JENNY SPINNER, “Together in the Old Square Print 1976” 333
LYNDA BARRY, “Common Scents” 353
❆ JENNY SPINNER, “In Search of Our Past” 373
ELIZABETH TALLENT, “No One’s a Mystery” 388
BILL MCKIBBEN, “Designer Genes” 412
❆ KATE LOOMIS, “Spiderwebs” 424
❆ MATT NOCTON, “Harvest of Gold, Harvest of Shame” 527

2 People and Portraits

AMY TAN, “Mother Tongue” 13
B. K. LOREN, “Living Without/With Words” 19
ANNE LAMOTT, “Polaroids” 38
❆ Selections from Student Writers’ Notebooks 46
MAXINE HONG KINGSTON, “On Discovery” 60
❆ MARY RUFFIN, “Writer’s Notebook Entries: The Evolution of ‘Mama’s Smoke’” 76
V. PENELOPE PELIZZON, “Clever and Poor” 91
SHERMAN ALEXIE, “What Sacagawea Means to Me” 92

❆ Student writings.
xv
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E. B. WHITE, “Once More to the Lake” 97

FREDERICK DOUGLASS, “Resurrection” 109
ART SPIEGELMAN, “Mein Kampf (My Struggle)” 115
MARILYN NELSON, “Asparagus” 131
SCOTT RUSSELL SANDERS, “The Inheritance of Tools” 147
CHANG-RAE LEE, “Coming Home Again” 155
ZITKALA-SA, from The School Days of an Indian Girl 196
❆ AMANDA N. CAGLE, “On the Banks of the Bogue Chitto” 191
❆ MEGAN MCGUIRE, “Wake Up Call” 225
SCOTT RUSSELL SANDERS, “Under the Influence: Paying the Price of My Father’s
Booze” 248
SUZANNE BRITT, “That Lean and Hungry Look” 260
ALEXANDER POPE, “On the Collar of a Dog” 290
DAVID SEDARIS, “Make That a Double” 306
RICHARD RODRIGUEZ, “Family Values” 309
GELAREH ASAYESH, “Shrouded in Contradiction” 317
❆ SUMBUL KHAN, “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who’s the Fairest of Them All?” 320
❆ JENNY SPINNER, “Together in the Old Square Print, 1976” 333
❆ JENNY SPINNER, “In Search of Our Past” 373
ELIZABETH TALLENT, “No One’s a Mystery” 388
❆ KATE LOOMIS, “Spiderwebs” 424

3 Families/Heritage
AMY TAN, “Mother Tongue” 13
ELIE WIESEL, “Why I Write: Making No Become Yes” 22
MAXINE HONG KINGSTON, “On Discovery” 60
❆ Selections from Student Writers’ Notebooks 46
❆ MARY RUFFIN, “Writer’s Notebook Entries: The Evolution of ‘Mama’s Smoke’” 76
V. PENELOPE PELIZZON, “Clever and Poor” 91
SHERMAN ALEXIE, “What Sacagawea Means to Me” 92
E. B. WHITE, “Once More to the Lake” 97
ART SPIEGELMAN, “Mein Kampf (My Struggle)” 115
❆ JASON VERGE, “The Habs” 119
SCOTT RUSSELL SANDERS, “The Inheritance of Tools” 147
CHANG-RAE LEE, “Coming Home Again” 155
NTOZAKE SHANGE, “What Is It We Really Harvestin’ Here?” 165
❆ AMANDA N. CAGLE, “On the Banks of the Bogue Chitto” 191
❆ NING YU, “Red and Black, or One English Major’s Beginning” 172
ZITKALA-SA, from The School Days of an Indian Girl 196
STEPHANIE COONTZ, “Blaming the Family for Economic Decline” 212
❆ MEGAN MCGUIRE, “Wake Up Call” 225
MEREDITH HALL, “Killing Chickens” 241
SCOTT RUSSELL SANDERS, “Under the Influence: Paying the Price of My Father’s
Booze” 248
MARK TWAIN, “Uncle John’s Farm” 265
LINDA HOGAN, “Dwellings” 272
❆ ASIYA S. TSCHANNERL, “One Remembers Most What One Loves” 278
RICHARD RODRIGUEZ, “Family Values” 309
GELAREH ASAYESH, “Shrouded in Contradiction” 317
❆ SUMBUL KHAN, “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who’s the Fairest of Them All?” 320
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❆ JENNY SPINNER, “Together in the Old Square Print, 1976”

333
LYNDA BARRY, “Common Scents” 353
❆ JENNY SPINNER, “In Search of Our Past” 373
ELIZABETH TALLENT, “No One’s a Mystery” 388
BILL MCKIBBEN, “Designer Genes” 412
THOMAS JEFFERSON, “The Declaration of Independence” 439
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., “Letter from Birmingham Jail” 443
ABRAHAM LINCOLN, “The Gettysburg Address” 494
JONATHAN SWIFT, “A Modest Proposal” 496
CHARLES M. YOUNG, “Losing: An American Tradition” 516
KANDI TAYEBI, “Warring Memories” 553
WENDELL BERRY, “Thoughts in the Presence of Fear” 582
ELIZA GRISWOLD, “Buying Rations in Kabul” 591
YITZAK RABIN, “The One Radical Solution Is Peace” 605
YASSER ARAFAT, “The Crescent Moon of Peace” 609
NELSON MANDELA, “The End of Apartheid” 612
FREDERIK WILLEM DE KLERK, “Reformation and Reconciliation in South
Africa” 616
AUNG SAN SUU KYI, “The Revolution of Spirit” 617
RIGOBERTA MENCHÚ TUM, “Five Hundred Years of Mayan Oppression” 621
THE 14TH DALAI LAMA, TENZIN GYATSO, “Inner Peace and Human Rights” 624
BETTY WILLIAMS, “The Movement of the Peace People” 628

4 The Natural World

WILLIAM LEAST HEAT-MOON, “A List of Nothing in Particular” 42
SHERMAN ALEXIE, “What Sacagawea Means to Me” 92
E. B. WHITE, “Once More to the Lake” 97
ANNE FADIMAN, “Under Water” 104
NTOZAKE SHANGE, “What Is It We Really Harvestin’ Here?” 165
❆ MARY OLIVER, “August” 190
AMANDA N. CAGLE, “On the Banks of the Bogue Chitto” 191
ZITKALA-SA, from The School Days of an Indian Girl 196
ATUL GAWANDE, “The Cancer-Cluster Myth” 217
LINDA VILLAROSA, “How Much of the Body Is Replaceable?” 245
MARK TWAIN, “Uncle John’s Farm” 265
LINDA HOGAN, “Dwellings” 272
CHARLES DARWIN, “Understanding Natural Selection” 334
HOWARD GARDNER, “Who Owns Intelligence?” 341
STEPHEN JAY GOULD, “Evolution as Fact and Theory” 404
❆ BILL MCKIBBEN, “Designer Genes” 412
MATT NOCTON, “Harvest of Gold, Harvest of Shame” 527
WENDELL BERRY, “Thoughts in the Presence of Fear” 582
WALT WHITMAN, “A Noiseless Patient Spider” 594

5 Places
STEPHEN KING, “A door . . . you are willing to shut” 35
❆ WILLIAM LEAST HEAT-MOON, “A List of Nothing in Particular” 42
Selections from Student Writers’ Notebooks 46
E. B. WHITE, “Once More to the Lake” 97
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xviii Topical Table of Contents

ANNE FADIMAN, “Under Water” 104

NTOZAKE SHANGE, “What Is It We Really Harvestin’ Here?” 165
❆ NING YU, “Red and Black, or One English Major’s Beginning” 172
MARY OLIVER, “August” 190
ZITKALA-SA, from The School Days of an Indian Girl 196
ATUL GAWANDE, “The Cancer-Cluster Myth” 217
❆ MEGAN MCGUIRE, “Wake Up Call” 225
MEREDITH HALL, “Killing Chickens” 241
MARK TWAIN, “Uncle John’s Farm” 265
LINDA HOGAN, “Dwellings” 272
❆ ASIYA S. TSCHANNERL, “One Remembers Most What One Loves” 278
GELAREH ASAYESH, “Shrouded in Contradiction” 317
LYNDA BARRY, “Common Scents” 353
❆ JASMINE INNERARITY, “Code Blue: The Process” 365
ABRAHAM VERGHESE, “Code Blue: The Story” 369
ABRAHAM LINCOLN, “The Gettysburg Address” 494
JONATHAN SWIFT, “A Modest Proposal” 496
❆ MATT NOCTON, “Harvest of Gold, Harvest of Shame” 527
SEAMUS HEANEY, “Horace and the Thunder” 541
TIM O’BRIEN, “How to Tell a True War Story” 542
KANDI TAYEBI, “Warring Memories” 553
BERNARD LEWIS, “What Went Wrong?” 565
WENDELL BERRY, “Thoughts in the Presence of Fear” 582
ELIZA GRISWOLD, “Buying Rations in Kabul” 591
YITZAK RABIN, “The One Radical Solution Is Peace” 605
YASSER ARAFAT, “The Crescent Moon of Peace” 609
NELSON MANDELA, “The End of Apartheid” 612
FREDERIK WILLEM DE KLERK, “Reformation and Reconciliation in South
Africa” 616
RIGOBERTA MENCHÚ TUM, “Five Hundred Years of Mayan Oppression” 621

6 Science and Technology

ISAAC ASIMOV, “Those Crazy Ideas” 132
TOM AND RAY MAGLIOZZI, “Inside the Engine” 142
SCOTT RUSSELL SANDERS, “The Inheritance of Tools” 147
ATUL GAWANDE, “The Cancer-Cluster Myth” 217
LINDA VILLAROSA, “How Much of the Body Is Replaceable?” 245
NATALIE ANGIER, “Why Men Don’t Last: Self-Destruction as a Way of Life” 290
DEBORAH TANNEN, “Fast Forward: Technologically Enhanced Aggression” 296
CHARLES DARWIN, “Understanding Natural Selection” 334
HOWARD GARDNER, “Who Owns Intelligence?” 341
❆ JASMINE INNERARITY, “Code Blue: The Process” 365
ABRAHAM VERGHESE, “Code Blue: The Story” 369
DEBORAH TANNEN, “Communication Styles” 391
SHERRY TURKLE, “How Computers Change the Way We Think” 397
STEPHEN JAY GOULD, “Evolution as Fact and Theory” 404
BILL MCKIBBEN, “Designer Genes” 412
ROBERT REICH, “The Global Elite” 459
EVAN EISENBERG, “Dialogue Boxes You Should Have Read More Carefully” 468
❆ MATTHEW ALLEN, “The Rhetorical Situation of the Scientific Paper and the
‘Appearance’ of Objectivity” 475
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Topical Table of Contents xix

G. ANTHONY GORRY, “Steal This MP3 File: What Is Theft?” 511

NATIONAL COMMISSION on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States,
“Institutionalizing Imagination: The Case of Aircraft as Weapons” 558
BERNARD LEWIS, “What Went Wrong?” 565
WENDELL BERRY, “Thoughts in the Presence of Fear” 582
MARY GRAHAM, “The Information Wars” 588
JAMES ORBINSKI, M.D. AND MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES (DOCTORS
WITHOUT BORDERS), “Humanitarianism” 602

7 Education
AMY TAN, “Mother Tongue” 13
B. K. LOREN, “Living Without/With Words” 19
❆ MATT NOCTON, “Why I Write” 29
STEPHEN KING, “A door . . . you are willing to shut” 35
ANNE LAMOTT, “Polaroids” 38
❆ Selections from Student Writers’ Notebooks 46
MAXINE HONG KINGSTON, “On Discovery” 60
DONALD M. MURRAY, “The Maker’s Eye: Revising Your Own Manuscripts” 62
JOHN TRIMBUR, “Guidelines for Collaborating in Groups” 72
SHERMAN ALEXIE, “What Sacagawea Means to Me” 92
ANNE FADIMAN, “Under Water” 104
ISAAC ASIMOV, “Those Crazy Ideas” 132
SCOTT RUSSELL SANDERS, “The Inheritance of Tools” 147
CHANG-RAE LEE, “Coming Home Again” 155
❆ NING YU, “Red and Black, or One English Major’s Beginning” 172
ZITKALA-SA, from The School Days of an Indian Girl 196
JONATHAN KOZOL, “The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society” 204
❆ ASIYA S. TSCHANNERL, “One Remembers Most What One Loves” 278
DAVID SEDARIS, “Make That a Double” 306
RICHARD RODRIGUEZ, “Family Values” 309
❆ JENNY SPINNER, “Together in the Old Square Print, 1976” 333
HOWARD GARDNER, “Who Owns Intelligence?” 341
ELIZABETH TALLENT, “No One’s a Mystery” 388
DEBORAH TANNEN, “Communication Styles” 391
SHERRY TURKLE, “How Computers Change the Way We Think” 397
BILL MCKIBBEN, “Designer Genes” 412
❆ MATTHEW ALLEN, “The Rhetorical Situation of the Scientific Paper and the
‘Appearance’ of Objectivity” 475
MARTÍN ESPADA, “The Community College Revises its Curriculum in Response to
Changing Demographics” 493
G. ANTHONY GORRY, “Steal This MP3 File: What Is Theft?” 511
CHARLES M. YOUNG, “Losing: An American Tradition” 516
TIM O’BRIEN, “How to Tell a True War Story” 542
NATIONAL COMMISSION on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States,
“Institutionalizing Imagination: The Case of Aircraft as Weapons” 558

8 Human and Civil Rights

B. K. LOREN, “Living Without/With Words” 19
ELIE WIESEL, “Why I Write: Making No Become Yes” 22
ANNE LAMOTT, “Polaroids” 38
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xx Topical Table of Contents

MAXINE HONG KINGSTON, “On Discovery” 60

SHERMAN ALEXIE, “What Sacagawea Means to Me” 92
FREDERICK DOUGLASS, “Resurrection” 109
ART SPIEGELMAN, “Mein Kampf (My Struggle)” 115
NTOZAKE SHANGE, “What Is It We Really Harvestin’ Here?” 165
❆ NING YU, “Red and Black, or One English Major’s Beginning” 172
❆ AMANDA N. CAGLE, “On the Banks of the Bogue Chitto” 191
ZITKALA-SA, from The School Days of an Indian Girl 196
JONATHAN KOZOL, “The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society” 204
STEPHANIE COONTZ, “Blaming the Family for Economic Decline” 212
ATUL GAWANDE, “The Cancer-Cluster Myth” 217
❆ ASIYA S. TSCHANNERL, “One Remembers Most What One Loves” 278
RICHARD RODRIGUEZ, “Family Values” 309
GELAREH ASAYESH, “Shrouded in Contradiction” 317
❆ SUMBUL KHAN, “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Who’s the Fairest of Them All?” 320
HOWARD GARDNER, “Who Owns Intelligence?” 341
LYNDA BARRY, “Common Scents” 353
❆ JENNY SPINNER, “In Search of Our Past” 373
BILL MCKIBBEN, “Designer Genes” 412
THOMAS JEFFERSON, “The Declaration of Independence” 439
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., “Letter from Birmingham Jail” 443
ROBERT REICH, “The Global Elite” 459
EVAN EISENBERG, “Dialogue Boxes You Should Have Read More Carefully” 468
ANNA QUINDLEN, “Uncle Sam and Aunt Samantha” 470
MARTÍN ESPADA, “The Community College Revises its Curriculum in Response to
Changing Demographics” 493
ABRAHAM LINCOLN, “The Gettysburg Address” 494
JONATHAN SWIFT, “A Modest Proposal” 496
PETER SINGER, “The Singer Solution to World Poverty” 504
G. ANTHONY GORRY, “Steal This MP3 File: What Is Theft?” 511
CHARLES M. YOUNG, “Losing: An American Tradition” 516
❆ MATT NOCTON, “Harvest of Gold, Harvest of Shame” 527
SEAMUS HEANEY, “Horace and the Thunder” 541
TIM O’BRIEN, “How to Tell a True War Story” 542
KANDI TAYEBI, “Warring Memories” 553
MARK JUERGENSMEYER, from Terror in the Mind of God 571
WENDELL BERRY, “Thoughts in the Presence of Fear” 582
MARY GRAHAM, “The Information Wars” 588
ELIZA GRISWOLD, “Buying Rations in Kabul” 591
JIMMY CARTER, “Citizen of a Troubled World” 595
KOFI ANNAN, “The United Nations in the 21st Century” 598
JAMES ORBINSKI, M.D. AND MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES (DOCTORS
WITHOUT BORDERS), “Humanitarianism” 602
YITZAK RABIN, “The One Radical Solution Is Peace” 605
YASSER ARAFAT, “The Crescent Moon of Peace” 609
NELSON MANDELA, “The End of Apartheid” 612
FREDERIK WILLEM DE KLERK, “Reformation and Reconciliation in South
Africa” 616
AUNG SAN SUU KYI, “The Revolution of Spirit” 617
RIGOBERTA MENCHÚ TUM, “Five Hundred Years of Mayan Oppression” 621
THE 14TH DALAI LAMA, TENZIN GYATSO, “Inner Peace and Human Rights” 624
BETTY WILLIAMS, “The Movement of the Peace People” 628
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