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Proceedings Part I 1st Edition Hervé Panetto Et Al. (Eds.)
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Collection Highlights

On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems OTM 2018

Conferences Confederated International Conferences CoopIS
C TC and ODBASE 2018 Valletta Malta October 22 26 2018
Proceedings Part I Hervé Panetto

On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems OTM 2018

Conferences Confederated International Conferences CoopIS
C TC and ODBASE 2018 Valletta Malta October 22 26 2018
Proceedings Part II Hervé Panetto

Web Information Systems Engineering – WISE 2017: 18th

International Conference, Puschino, Russia, October 7-11,
2017, Proceedings, Part I 1st Edition Athman Bouguettaya
Et Al. (Eds.)

Internet Science 4th International Conference INSCI 2017

Thessaloniki Greece November 22 24 2017 Proceedings 1st
Edition Ioannis Kompatsiaris Et Al. (Eds.)
Principles of Security and Trust 6th International
Conference POST 2017 Held as Part of the European Joint
Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software ETAPS 2017
Uppsala Sweden April 22 29 2017 Proceedings 1st Edition
Matteo Maffei

Database Systems for Advanced Applications 22nd

International Conference DASFAA 2017 Suzhou China March 27
30 2017 Proceedings Part I 1st Edition Selçuk Candan

Health Information Science: 6th International Conference,

HIS 2017, Moscow, Russia, October 7-9, 2017, Proceedings
1st Edition Siuly Siuly Et Al. (Eds.)

Analytical and Computational Methods in Probability Theory

First International Conference ACMPT 2017 Moscow Russia
October 23 27 2017 Proceedings 1st Edition Vladimir V.
Rykov

Provable Security: 11th International Conference, ProvSec

2017, Xi’an, China, October 23-25, 2017, Proceedings 1st
Edition Tatsuaki Okamoto
 Hervé Panetto · Christophe Debruyne
Walid Gaaloul · Mike Papazoglou
Adrian Paschke · Claudio Agostino Ardagna
Robert Meersman (Eds.)

On the Move to
LNCS 10573

Meaningful Internet Systems

OTM 2017 Conferences
Confederated International Conferences:
CoopIS, C&TC, and ODBASE 2017
Rhodes, Greece, October 23–27, 2017, Proceedings, Part I

123
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 10573
Commenced Publication in 1973
Founding and Former Series Editors:
Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen

Editorial Board
David Hutchison
Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
Takeo Kanade
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Josef Kittler
University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
Jon M. Kleinberg
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Friedemann Mattern
ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
John C. Mitchell
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Moni Naor
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
C. Pandu Rangan
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Bernhard Steffen
TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
Demetri Terzopoulos
University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Doug Tygar
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Gerhard Weikum
Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7408
Hervé Panetto Christophe Debruyne
•

Walid Gaaloul Mike Papazoglou

•

Adrian Paschke Claudio Agostino Ardagna

•

Robert Meersman (Eds.)

On the Move to
Meaningful Internet Systems
OTM 2017 Conferences
Confederated International Conferences:
CoopIS, C&TC, and ODBASE 2017
Rhodes, Greece, October 23–27, 2017
Proceedings, Part I

123
Editors
Hervé Panetto Adrian Paschke
University of Lorraine Freie Universität Berlin and Fraunhofer
Nancy FOKUS
France Berlin
Germany
Christophe Debruyne
Odisee University College Claudio Agostino Ardagna
Brussels Università degli Studi di Milano
Belgium Crema
Italy
Walid Gaaloul
Télécom SudParis Robert Meersman
Évry TU Graz
France Graz
Austria
Mike Papazoglou
Tilburg University
Tilburg
The Netherlands

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)

Lecture Notes in Computer Science
ISBN 978-3-319-69461-0 ISBN 978-3-319-69462-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69462-7

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017956721

LNCS Sublibrary: SL2 – Programming and Software Engineering

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017

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 General Co-chairs and Editors’ Message
for OnTheMove 2017

The OnTheMove 2017 event held October 23–27 in Rhodes, Greece, further consol-
idated the importance of the series of annual conferences that was started in 2002 in
Irvine, California. It then moved to Catania, Sicily in 2003, to Cyprus in 2004 and
2005, Montpellier in 2006, Vilamoura in 2007 and 2009, in 2008 to Monterrey,
Mexico, to Heraklion, Crete in 2010 and 2011, Rome 2012, Graz in 2013, Amantea,
Italy in 2014 and lastly in Rhodes in 2015 and 2016 as well.
This prime event continues to attract a diverse and relevant selection of today’s
research worldwide on the scientific concepts underlying new computing paradigms,
which of necessity must be distributed, heterogeneous and supporting an environment
of resources that are autonomous yet must meaningfully cooperate. Indeed, as such
large, complex and networked intelligent information systems become the focus and
norm for computing, there continues to be an acute and even increasing need to address
the respective software, system, and enterprise issues and discuss them face to face in
an integrated forum that covers methodological, semantic, theoretical, and application
issues as well. As we all realize, e-mail, the Internet, and even video conferences are
not by themselves optimal or even sufficient for effective and efficient scientific
exchange.
The OnTheMove (OTM) International Federated Conference series has been created
precisely to cover the scientific exchange needs of the communities that work in the
broad yet closely connected fundamental technological spectrum of Web-based dis-
tributed computing. The OTM program every year covers data and Web semantics,
distributed objects, Web services, databases, information systems, enterprise workflow
and collaboration, ubiquity, interoperability, mobility, and grid and high-performance
computing.
OnTheMove is proud to give meaning to the “federated” aspect in its full title: It
aspires to be a primary scientific meeting place where all aspects of research and
development of Internet- and intranet-based systems in organizations and for e-business
are discussed in a scientifically motivated way, in a forum of interconnected workshops
and conferences. This year’s 15th edition of the OTM Federated Conferences event
therefore once more provided an opportunity for researchers and practitioners to
understand, discuss, and publish these developments within the broader context of
distributed, ubiquitous computing. To further promote synergy and coherence, the main
conferences of OTM 2017 were conceived against a background of their three inter-
locking global themes:
– Trusted Cloud Computing Infrastructures Emphasizing Security and Privacy
– Technology and Methodology for Data and Knowledge Resources on the
(Semantic) Web
VI General Co-chairs and Editors’ Message for OnTheMove 2017

– Deployment of Collaborative and Social Computing for and in an Enterprise

Context
Originally the federative structure of OTM was formed by the co-location of three
related, complementary, and successful main conference series: DOA (Distributed
Objects and Applications, held since 1999), covering the relevant infrastructure-
enabling technologies, ODBASE (Ontologies, DataBases and Applications of
SEmantics, since 2002) covering Web semantics, XML databases and ontologies, and
of course CoopIS (Cooperative Information Systems, held since 1993) which studies
the application of these technologies in an enterprise context through, e.g., workflow
systems and knowledge management. In the 2011 edition security aspects issues,
originally started as topics of the IS workshop in OTM 2006, became the focus of DOA
as secure virtual infrastructures, further broadened to cover aspects of trust and privacy
in so-called Cloud-based systems. As this latter aspect came to dominate agendas in
this and overlapping research communities, we decided in 2014 to rename the event as
the Cloud and Trusted Computing (C&TC) conference, and originally launched in a
workshop format.
These three main conferences specifically seek high-quality, contributions of a more
mature nature and encourage researchers to treat their respective topics within a
framework that simultaneously incorporates (a) theory, (b) conceptual design and
development, (c) methodology and pragmatics, and (d) application in particular case
studies and industrial solutions.
As in previous years we again solicited and selected additional quality workshop
proposals to complement the more mature and “archival” nature of the main confer-
ences. Our workshops are intended to serve as “incubators” for emergent research
results in selected areas related, or becoming related, to the general domain of
Web-based distributed computing. This year this difficult and time-consuming job of
selecting and coordinating the workshops was brought to a successful end by Ioana
Ciuciu, and we were very glad to see that our earlier successful workshops (EI2N,
META4eS, FBM) re-appeared in 2017, in some cases in alliance with other older or
newly emerging workshops. The Fact Based Modeling (FBM) workshop in 2015
succeeded and expanded the scope of the successful earlier ORM workshop. The
Industry Case Studies Program, started in 2011 under the leadership of Hervé Panetto
and OMG’s Richard Mark Soley, further gained momentum and visibility in its 7th
edition this year.
The OTM registration format (“one workshop resp. conference buys all workshops
resp. conferences”) actively intends to promote synergy between related areas in the
field of distributed computing and to stimulate workshop audiences to productively
mingle with each other and, optionally, with those of the main conferences. In par-
ticular EI2N continues to so create and exploit a visible cross-pollination with CoopIS.
We were very happy to see that in 2017 the number of quality submissions for the
OnTheMove Academy (OTMA) noticeably increased. OTMA implements our unique,
actively coached and therefore very time- and effort-intensive formula to bring PhD
students together, and aims to carry our “vision for the future” in research in the areas
covered by OTM. Its 2017 edition was organized and managed by a dedicated team of
 General Co-chairs and Editors’ Message for OnTheMove 2017 VII

collaborators and faculty, Peter Spyns, Maria-Esther Vidal, inspired as always by

OTMA Dean, Erich Neuhold.
In the OTM Academy, PhD research proposals are submitted by students for peer
review; selected submissions and their approaches are to be presented by the students in
front of a wider audience at the conference, and are independently and extensively
analyzed and discussed in front of this audience by a panel of senior professors. One
may readily appreciate the time, effort, and funds invested in this by OnTheMove and
especially by the OTMA Faculty.
As the three main conferences and the associated workshops all share the distributed
aspects of modern computing systems, they experience the application pull created by
the Internet and by the so-called Semantic Web, in particular developments of big data,
increased importance of security issues, and the globalization of mobile-based tech-
nologies. For ODBASE 2017, the focus somewhat shifted from knowledge bases and
methods required for enabling the use of formal semantics in Web-based databases and
information systems to applications, especially those within IT-driven communities.
For CoopIS 2017, the focus as before was on the interaction of such technologies and
methods with business process issues, such as occur in networked organizations and
enterprises. These subject areas overlap in a scientifically natural and fascinating
fashion and many submissions in fact also covered and exploited the mutual impact
among them. For our event C&TC 2017, the primary emphasis was again squarely put
on the virtual and security aspects of Web-based computing in the broadest sense. As
with the earlier OnTheMove editions, the organizers wanted to stimulate this
cross-pollination by a program of engaging keynote speakers from academia and
industry and shared by all OTM component events. We are quite proud to list for this
year:
– Stephen Mellor, Industrial Internet Consortium, Needham, USA
– Markus Lanthaler, Google, Switzerland
The general downturn in submissions observed in recent years for almost all con-
ferences in computer science and IT has also affected OnTheMove, but this year the
harvest again stabilized at a total of 180 submissions for the three main conferences and
40 submissions in total for the workshops. Not only may we indeed again claim success
in attracting a representative volume of scientific papers, many from the USA and Asia,
but these numbers of course allow the respective Program Committees to again
compose a high-quality cross-section of current research in the areas covered by OTM.
Acceptance rates vary but the aim was to stay consistently at about one accepted full
paper for three submitted, yet as always these rates are subject to professional peer
assessment of proper scientific quality.
As usual we separated the proceedings into two volumes with their own titles, one
for the main conferences and one for the workshops and posters. But in a different
approach to previous years, we decided the latter should appear after the event and thus
allow workshop authors to improve their peer-reviewed papers based on the critiques
by the Program Committees and on the live interaction at OTM. The resulting addi-
tional complexity and effort of editing the proceedings was professionally shouldered
by our leading editor, Christophe Debruyne, with the general chairs for the conference
volume, and with Ioana Ciuciu and Hervé Panetto for the workshop volume. We are
VIII General Co-chairs and Editors’ Message for OnTheMove 2017

again most grateful to the Springer LNCS team in Heidelberg for their professional
support, suggestions, and meticulous collaboration in producing the files and indexes
ready for downloading on the USB sticks. It is a pleasure to work with staff that so
deeply understands the scientific context at large and the specific logistics of confer-
ence proceedings publication.
The reviewing process by the respective OTM Program Committees was performed
to professional quality standards: Each paper review in the main conferences was
assigned to at least three referees, with arbitrated e-mail discussions in the case of
strongly diverging evaluations. It may be worth emphasizing once more that it is an
explicit OnTheMove policy that all conference Program Committees and chairs make
their selections in a completely sovereign manner, autonomous and independent from
any OTM organizational considerations. As in recent years, proceedings in paper form
are now only available to be ordered separately.
The general chairs are once more especially grateful to the many people directly or
indirectly involved in the set-up of these federated conferences. Not everyone realizes
the large number of qualified persons that need to be involved, and the huge amount of
work, commitment, and financial risk in the uncertain economic and funding climate of
2017 that is entailed by the organization of an event like OTM. Apart from the persons
in their roles mentioned earlier, we therefore wish to thank in particular explicitly our
main conference Program Committee chairs:
– CoopIS 2017: Mike Papazoglou, Walid Gaaloul, and Liang Zhang
– ODBASE 2017: Declan O’Sullivan, Joseph Davis, and Satya Sahoo
– C&TC 2017: Adrian Paschke, Hans Weigand, and Nick Bassiliades
And similarly we thank the Program Committee (Co-)chairs of the 2017 ICSP,
OTMA and Workshops (in their order of appearance on the website): Peter Spyns,
Maria-Esther Vidal, Mario Lezoche, Wided Guédria, Qing Li, Georg Weichhart,
Peter Bollen, Hans Mulder, Maurice Nijssen, Anna Fensel, and Ioana Ciuciu. Together
with their many Program Committee members, they performed a superb and profes-
sional job in managing the difficult yet existential process of peer review and selection
of the best papers from the harvest of submissions. We all also owe a significant debt of
gratitude to our supremely competent and experienced conference secretariat and
technical admin staff in Guadalajara and Dublin, respectively, Daniel Meersman and
Christophe Debruyne.
The general conference and workshop co-chairs also thankfully acknowledge the
academic freedom, logistic support, and facilities they enjoy from their respective
institutions — Technical University of Graz, Austria; Université de Lorraine, Nancy,
France; Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia; and Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj,
Romania — without which such a project quite simply would not be feasible. Reader,
we do hope that the results of this federated scientific enterprise contribute to your
research and your place in the scientific network… and we hope to welcome you at
next year’s event!

September 2017 Robert Meersman

Hervé Panetto
Christophe Debruyne
 Organization

OTM (On The Move) is a federated event involving a series of major international
conferences and workshops. These proceedings contain the papers presented at the
OTM 2017 Federated conferences, consisting of CoopIS 2017 (Cooperative Informa-
tion Systems), C&TC 2017 (Cloud and Trusted Computing), and ODBASE 2017
(Ontologies, Databases, and Applications of Semantics).

Executive Committee
General Co-chairs
Robert Meersman TU Graz, Austria
Tharam Dillon La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
Hervé Panetto University of Lorraine, France
Ernesto Damiani Politecnico di Milano, Italy

OnTheMove Academy Dean

Erich Neuhold University of Vienna, Austria

Industry Case Studies Program Chair

Hervé Panetto University of Lorraine, France

CoopIS 2017 PC Co-chairs

Mike Papazoglou European Research Institute in Service Science,
Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Walid Gaaloul TELECOM SudParis, France
Liang Zhang Fudan University, China

ODBASE 2017 PC Co-chairs

Adrian Paschke Freie Universität Berlin and Fraunhofer FOKUS, Germany
Nick Bassiliades Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Hans Weigand Tilburg School of Economics and Management,
The Netherlands

C&TC 2017 PC Co-chairs

Claudio Ardagna Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
Adrian Belmonte European Union Agency for Network and Information
Security (ENISA), Greece
X Organization

Konstantinos Royal Holloway, University of London, UK

Markantonakis

Local Organization Chair

Stefanos Gritzalis University of the Aegean, Greece

Publication Chair
Christophe Debruyne Odisee University College, Belgium

Logistics Team

Daniel Meersman

CoopIS 2017 Program Committee

Aditya Ghose Djamal Benslimane

Akhil Kumar Djamel Belaid
Alex Norta Elisabettta di Nitto
Alfredo Cuzzocrea Epaminondas Kapetanios
Aly Megahed Ernesto Exposito
Amal Elgammal Eva Kühn
Amel Bouzeghoub Faiez Gargouri
Amel Mammar Farouk Toumani
Andreas Andreou Francois Charoy
Andreas Oberweis Frank Leymann
Andreas Opdahl Frank-Walter Jäkel
Antonio Ruiz Cortés Georg Weichhart
Arturo Molina George Samaras
Athman Bouguettaya Gerald Oster
Barbara Pernici Giancarlo Guizzardi
Barbara Weber Guido Wirtz
Beatrice Finance Heiko Ludwig
Bruno Defude Heinrich Mayr
Carlo Combi Hongji Yang
Cesare Pautasso Imen Grida Ben Yahia
Chengzheng Sun Ivona Brandic
Chihab Hanachi Jan Mendling
Chirine Ghedira Jian Yang
Christian Huemer Jiang Cao
Claude Godart Jianwen Su
Claudia Diamantini John Miller
Daniel Florian Joonsoo Bae
Daniela Grigori Jörg Niemöller
David Carlos Romero Díaz Jose Luis Garrido
 Organization XI

José Palazzo Moreira de Oliveira Mohammed Ouzzif

Joyce El Haddad Mohand-Said Hacid
Juan Manuel Murillo Rodríguez Mourad Kmimech
Juan Manuel Vara Mesa Narjes Bellamine-Ben Saoud
Julius Köpke Nizar Messai
Kais Klai Nour Assy
Karim Baina Oktay Turetken
Khalid Belhajjame Olivier Perrin
Khalil Drira Oscar Pastor
Kostas Magoutis Pablo Villarreal
Lakshmish Ramaswamy Paolo Giorgini
Layth Sliman Peter Forbrig
Leandro Krug Wives Philippe Merle
Liang Zhang Richard Chbeir
Lijie Wen Rik Eshuis
Lin Liu Salima Benbernou
Lucinéia Heloisa Thom Sami Bhiri
Mahmoud Barhamgi Sami Yangui
Manfred Jeusfeld Samir Tata
Manfred Reichert Sanjay K. Madria
Marcelo Fantinato Selmin Nurcan
Marco Aiello Shazia Sadiq
Maristella Matera Sherif Sakr
Marouane Kessentini Slim Kallel
Martin Gaedke Sonia Bergamaschi
Martine Collard Sotiris Koussouris
Massimo Mecella Stefan Jablonski
Matthias Klusch Tiziana Catarci
Maurizio Lenzerini Vassilios Andrikopoulos
Mehdi Ahmed-Nacer Wil M.P. van der Aalst
Michael Mrissa Walid Gaaloul
Michael Rosemann Willem-Jan van den Heuvel
Michele Missikoff Yehia Taher
Mike Papazoglou Youcef Baghdadi
Mohamed Graiet Zakaria Maamar
Mohamed Jmaiel Zhangbing Zhou
Mohamed Mohamed Zohra Bellahsene
Mohamed Sellami

ODBASE 2017 Program Committee

Adrian Paschke Anna Fensel

Alessandra Mileo Annika Hinze
Alexander Artikis Asuncion Gomez Perez
Anastasios Gounaris Athanasios Tsadiras
XII Organization

Bernd Neumayr Harry Halpin

Charalampos Bratsas Heiko Paulheim
Christian Kop Ioannis Katakis
Christophe Debruyne Irlán Grangel-González
Costin Badica Kalliopi Kravari
Danh Le Phuoc Kia Teymourian
Dietrich Rebholz Manolis Koubarakis
Dimitris Plexousakis Marcin Wylot
Dumitru Roman Markus Luczak-Roesch
Efstratios Kontopoulos Naouel Karam
Fotios Kokkoras Nick Bassiliades
Georg Rehm Olga Streibel
George Vouros Oscar Corcho
Georgios Meditskos Ralph Schäfermeier
Gines Moreno Rolf Fricke
Giorgos Giannopoulos Ruben Verborgh
Giorgos Stamou Soren Auer
Giorgos Stoilos Sotiris Batsakis
Gokhan Coskun Stefania Costantini
Grigoris Antoniou Vadim Ermolayev
Grzegorz J. Nalepa Vassilios Peristeras
Hans Weigand Witold Abramowicz
Harald Sack

C&TC 2017 Program Committee

Marco Anisetti Meiko Jensen

Claudio A. Ardagna Gwanggil Jeon
Rasool Asal George Karabatis
Ioannis Askoxylakis Antonio Mana
Adrian Belmonte Konstantinos Markantonakis
Michele Bezzi Raja Naeem Akram
David Chadwick Eugenia Nikolouzou
Mauro Conti Claus Pahl
Ernesto Damiani Konstantinos Rantos
Francesco Di Cerbo Damien Sauveron
Scharam Dustdar Stefan Schulte
Nabil El Ioini Julian Schutte
Stefanos Gritzalis Daniele Sgandurra
Marit Hansen Miguel Vargas Martin
Sotiris Ioannidis Luca Viganò
Martin Jaatun Christos Xenakis
OnTheMove 2017 Keynotes
 Pragmatic Semantics at Web Scale

Markus Lanthaler

Google, Switzerland

Short Bio

Dr. Markus Lanthaler is a software engineer and tech lead at Google where he currently
works on YouTube. He received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from the Graz
University of Technology in 2014 for his research on Web APIs and Linked Data.
Dr. Lanthaler is one of the core designers of JSON-LD and the inventor of Hydra. He
has published several scientific articles, is a frequent speaker at conferences, and chairs
the Hydra W3C Community Group.

Talk

Despite huge investments, the traditional Semantic Web stack failed to gain widespread
adoption and deliver on its promises. The proposed solutions focused almost exclu-
sively on theoretical purity at the expense of their usability. Both academia and
industry ignored for a long time the fact that the Web is more a social creation than a
technical one. After a long period of disillusionment, we see a renewed interest in the
problems the Semantic Web set out to solve and first practical approaches delivering
promising results. More than 30% of all websites contain structured information now.
Initiatives such as Schema.org allow, e.g., search engines to extract and understand
such data, integrate it, and create knowledge graphs to improve their services.
This talk analyzes the problems that hindered the adoption of the Semantic Web,
present new, promising technologies and shows how they might be used to build the
foundation of the longstanding vision of a Semantic Web of Services.
 Evolution of the Industrial Internet of Things:
Preparing for Change

Stephen Mellor

Industrial Internet Consortium, Needham, MA 02492, USA

Short Bio

Stephen Mellor is the Chief Technical Officer for the Industrial Internet Consortium,
where he directs the standards requirements and technology & security priorities for the
Industrial Internet. In that role, he coordinates the activities of the several engineering,
architecture, security and testbed working groups and teams. He also co-chairs both the
Definitions, Taxonomy and Reference Architecture workgroup and the Use Cases
workgroup for the NIST CPS PWG (National Institute for Standards and Technology
Cyberphysical System Public Working Group).
He is a well-known technology consultant on methods for the construction of
real-time and embedded systems, a signatory to the Agile Manifesto, and adjunct
professor at the Australian National University in Canberra, ACT, Australia. Stephen is
the author of Structured Development for Real-Time Systems, Object Lifecycles,
Executable UML, and MDA Distilled.
Until recently, he was Chief Scientist of the Embedded Software Division at
Mentor Graphics, and founder and past president of Project Technology, Inc., before its
acquisition. He participated in multiple UML/modeling-related activities at the Object
Management Group (OMG), and was a member of the OMG Architecture Board,
which is the final technical gateway for all OMG standards. Stephen was the Chairman
of the Advisory Board to IEEE Software for ten years and a two-time Guest Editor
of the magazine, most recently for an issue on Model-Driven Development.

Talk

The fundamental technological trends presently are more connectivity and more
capability to analyze large quantities of data cheaply. But no one knows where those
technological trends will take us, so we need to prepare for change.
Prediction is difficult, especially about the future, as several people are reputed to
have said. But this keynote will peer ahead into several areas that we can see need
attention, such as:
– Security for everything
– Innovation and funding
– Learning, deployment and competitiveness
 Evolution of the Industrial Internet of Things: Preparing for Change XVII

We need strategies to prepare for evolution in these areas, and we also need to
understand longer term trends. Already we see improvements in operational efficiency,
and changes in the economy from pay-per-asset to pay-per-use. More changes are
likely, towards pay-per-outcome and direct consumer access to “pull” products
autonomously.
These changes will fundamentally change the economy and drive technological
innovation. The industrial internet is only at the beginning of perhaps forty more years
of change.
 Contents – Part I

International Conference on Cooperative Information

Systems (CoopIS) 2017

Characterizing Regulatory Documents and Guidelines Based

on Text Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Karolin Winter, Stefanie Rinderle-Ma, Wilfried Grossmann,
Ingo Feinerer, and Zhendong Ma

A Scalable Smart Meter Data Generator Using Spark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Nadeem Iftikhar, Xiufeng Liu, Sergiu Danalachi,
Finn Ebertsen Nordbjerg, and Jens Henrik Vollesen

Network-Aware Stochastic Virtual Machine Placement

in Geo-Distributed Data Centers (Short Paper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Hana Teyeb, Nejib Ben Hadj-Alouane, and Samir Tata

Finding Process Variants in Event Logs (Short Paper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Alfredo Bolt, Wil M.P. van der Aalst, and Massimiliano de Leoni

Interactive and Incremental Business Process Model Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Abel Armas Cervantes, Nick R.T.P. van Beest, Marcello La Rosa,
Marlon Dumas, and Luciano García-Bañuelos

Control Flow Structure Preservation During Process Fragment

Anonymization (Short Paper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Kristof Böhmer and Stefanie Rinderle-Ma

Diversity-Aware Continuous Top-k Queries in Social Networks

(Short Paper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Abdulhafiz Alkhouli and Dan Vodislav

Modeling and Discovering Cancelation Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Maikel Leemans and Wil M.P. van der Aalst

Introducing Collaboration for Locating Features in Models:

Approach and Industrial Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Francisca Pérez, Ana C. Marcén, Raúl Lapeña, and Carlos Cetina

Context-Aware Access Control with Imprecise Context Characterization

Through a Combined Fuzzy Logic and Ontology-Based Approach . . . . . . . . 132
A.S.M. Kayes, Wenny Rahayu, Tharam Dillon, Elizabeth Chang,
and Jun Han
XX Contents – Part I

Semi-supervised Log Pattern Detection and Exploration Using Event

Concurrence and Contextual Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Xixi Lu, Dirk Fahland, Robert Andrews, Suriadi Suriadi, Moe T. Wynn,
Arthur H.M. ter Hofstede, and Wil M.P. van der Aalst

Cloud of Things Modeling for Efficient and Coordinated

Resources Provisioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Elie Rachkidi, Djamel Belaïd, Nazim Agoulmine, and Nada Chendeb

A Framework for Integrating Real-World Events and Business Processes

in an IoT Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Sankalita Mandal, Marcin Hewelt, and Mathias Weske

Methodological Support for Coordinating Tasks in Global Product

Software Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Carolus B. Widiyatmoko, Sietse J. Overbeek, and Sjaak Brinkkemper

Enhancing Process Models to Improve Business Performance:

A Methodology and Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Marcus Dees, Massimiliano de Leoni, and Felix Mannhardt

TraDE - A Transparent Data Exchange Middleware for Service

Choreographies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Michael Hahn, Uwe Breitenbücher, Frank Leymann, and Andreas Weiß

Building the Most Creative and Innovative Collaborative Groups

Using Bayes Classifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Gabriela Moise, Monica Vladoiu, and Zoran Constantinescu

A New Collaborative Paradigm of Computer Science Student Contests:

An Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Monica Vladoiu, Zoran Constantinescu, and Gabriela Moise

Ranking-Based Evaluation of Process Model Matching (Short Paper) . . . . . . 298

Elena Kuss, Henrik Leopold, Christian Meilicke,
and Heiner Stuckenschmidt

Analysis and Re-configuration of Decision Logic in Adaptive

and Data-Intensive Processes (Short Paper). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Lina Ochoa and Oscar González-Rojas

Contingency Management for Event-Driven Business Processes . . . . . . . . . . 314

John Wondoh, Georg Grossmann, and Markus Stumptner

Dynamic Change Propagation for Process Choreography Instances . . . . . . . . 334

Conrad Indiono and Stefanie Rinderle-Ma
 Contents – Part I XXI

A Service-Oriented Architecture Design of Decision-Aware Information

Systems: Decision as a Service (Short Paper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Faruk Hasić, Johannes De Smedt, and Jan Vanthienen

Advancing Open Innovation Capabilities Through a Flexible Integration

of ICT Tools (Short Paper). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Emmanuel Adamides and Nikos Karacapilidis

SmartGC: Online Memory Management Prediction

for PaaS Cloud Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
José Simão, Sérgio Esteves, and Luís Veiga

A Model-Driven Tool Chain for OCCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

Faiez Zalila, Stéphanie Challita, and Philippe Merle

Knowledge Is at the Edge! How to Search in Distributed Machine

Learning Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Thomas Bach, Muhammad Adnan Tariq, Ruben Mayer,
and Kurt Rothermel

Big Data Summarisation and Relevance Evaluation for Anomaly

Detection in Cyber Physical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Ada Bagozi, Devis Bianchini, Valeria De Antonellis, Alessandro Marini,
and Davide Ragazzi

STRATModel: Elasticity Model Description Language

for Evaluating Elasticity Strategies for Business Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
Aicha Ben Jrad, Sami Bhiri, and Samir Tata

Boosting Aided Approaches to QoS Prediction of IT Maintenance Tickets . . . 467

Raghav Sonavane, Suman Roy, and Durga Prasad Muni

From VM to Container: A Linear Program for Outsourcing a Business

Process to Cloud Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
Khouloud Boukadi, Rima Grati, Molka Rekik, and Hanêne Ben Abdallah

Using Colored Petri Nets for Verifying RESTful Service Composition. . . . . . 505
Lara Kallab, Michael Mrissa, Richard Chbeir, and Pierre Bourreau

Detecting Process Concept Drifts from Event Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

Canbin Zheng, Lijie Wen, and Jianmin Wang

Multi-objective Cooperative Scheduling for Smart Grids (Short Paper). . . . . . 543

Khouloud Salameh, Richard Chbeir, and Haritza Camblong

Privacy-Aware in the IoT Applications: A Systematic Literature Review . . . . 552

Faiza Loukil, Chirine Ghedira-Guegan, Aïcha Nabila Benharkat,
Khouloud Boukadi, and Zakaria Maamar
XXII Contents – Part I

Self-adaptive Decision Making for the Management

of Component-Based Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Nabila Belhaj, Djamel Belaïd, and Hamid Mukhtar

On the Bitcoin Limitations to Deliver Fairness to Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

Önder Gürcan, Antonella Del Pozzo, and Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni

Scalable Conformance Checking of Business Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

Daniel Reißner, Raffaele Conforti, Marlon Dumas, Marcello La Rosa,
and Abel Armas-Cervantes

Domain-Independent Monitoring and Visualization of SLA Metrics

in Multi-provider Environments (Short Paper). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
Robert Engel, Bryant Chen, Shashank Rajamoni, Heiko Ludwig,
Alexander Keller, Mohamed Mohamed, and Samir Tata

Efficient Service Variant Analysis with Markov Updates in Monte

Carlo Tree Search (Short Paper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
Fuguo Wei, Alistair Barros, Rune Rasmussen,
and Adambarage Anuruddha Chathuranga De Alwis

A Framework for Evaluating Anti Spammer Systems for Twitter . . . . . . . . . 648

Kenny Ho, Veronica Liesaputra, Sira Yongchareon,
and Mahsa Mohaghegh

Formal Model and Method to Decompose Process-Aware

IoT Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Samir Tata, Kais Klai, and Rakesh Jain

Towards an Automatic Enrichment of Semantic

Web Services Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Mohamed Lamine Mouhoub, Daniela Grigori, and Maude Manouvrier

ProLoD: An Efficient Framework for Processing Logistics Data . . . . . . . . . . 698

Mohammad AlShaer, Yehia Taher, Rafiqul Haque, Mohand-Saïd Hacid,
and Mohamed Dbouk

Ubiquity: Extensible Persistence as a Service for Heterogeneous

Container-Based Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716
Mohamed Mohamed, Amit Warke, Dean Hildebrand, Robert Engel,
Heiko Ludwig, and Nagapramod Mandagere

A Formal Approach for Correct Elastic Package-Based Free

and Open Source Software Composition in Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732
Imed Abbassi, Mohamed Graiet, Sindyana Jlassi, Abir Elkhalfa,
and Layth Sliman
 Contents – Part I XXIII

An Optimization-Based Approach for Cloud Solution Design . . . . . . . . . . . . 751

Aly Megahed, Ahmed Nazeem, Peifeng Yin, Samir Tata,
Hamid Reza Motahari Nezhad, and Taiga Nakamura

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765

 Contents – Part II

Cloud and Trusted Computing (C&TC) 2017

Property Preserving Encryption in NoSQL Wide Column Stores . . . . . . . . . . 3

Tim Waage and Lena Wiese

Towards a JSON-Based Fast Policy Evaluation Framework (Short Paper) . . . 22

Hao Jiang and Ahmed Bouabdallah

Gibbon: An Availability Evaluation Framework for Distributed Databases . . . 31

Daniel Seybold, Christopher B. Hauser, Simon Volpert,
and Jörg Domaschka

Locality-Aware GC Optimisations for Big Data Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Duarte Patrício, Rodrigo Bruno, José Simão, Paulo Ferreira,
and Luís Veiga

FairCloud: Truthful Cloud Scheduling with Continuous

and Combinatorial Auctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Artur Fonseca, José Simão, and Luís Veiga

A Novel WebGIS-Based Situational Awareness Platform for Trustworthy

Big Data Integration and Analytics in Mobility Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Susanna Bonura, Giuseppe Cammarata, Rosolino Finazzo,
Giuseppe Francaviglia, and Vito Morreale

On the Verification of Software Vulnerabilities During Static Code

Analysis Using Data Mining Techniques (Short Paper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Foteini Cheirdari and George Karabatis

International Conference on Ontologies, DataBases, and Applications

of Semantics (ODBASE) 2017

Linked Data and Ontology Reference Model for Infectious Disease

Reporting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Olga Streibel, Felix Kybranz, and Göran Kirchner

PFSgeo: Preference-Enriched Faceted Search for Geographical Data . . . . . . . 125

Panagiotis Lionakis and Yannis Tzitzikas

Speeding up Publication of Linked Data Using Data Chunking

in LinkedPipes ETL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Jakub Klímek and Petr Škoda
XXVI Contents – Part II

A Particle Swarm-Based Approach for Semantic Similarity Computation . . . . 161

Samira Babalou, Alsayed Algergawy, and Birgitta König-Ries

Agent-Based Assistance in Ambient Assisted Living Through

Reinforcement Learning and Semantic Technologies (Short Paper) . . . . . . . . 180
Nicole Merkle and Stefan Zander

On the Need for Applications Aware Adaptive Middleware in Real-Time

RDF Data Analysis (Short Paper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Zia Ush Shamszaman and Muhammad Intizar Ali

Learning Probabilistic Relational Models Using an Ontology

of Transformation Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Melanie Munch, Pierre-Henri Wuillemin, Cristina Manfredotti,
Juliette Dibie, and Stephane Dervaux

ORDAIN: An Ontology for Trust Management in the Internet of Things

(Short Paper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Kalliopi Kravari and Nick Bassiliades

APOPSIS: A Web-Based Platform for the Analysis of Structured Dialogues . . . 224

Elisjana Ymeralli, Giorgos Flouris, Theodore Patkos,
and Dimitris Plexousakis

Identifying Opinion Drivers on Social Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

Anish Bhanushali, Raksha Pavagada Subbanarasimha,
and Srinath Srinivasa

Representing Fashion Product Data with Schema.org:

Approach and Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Alex Stolz, Martin Hepp, and Aleksei Hemminger

Semantic Modeling and Inference with Episodic Organization

for Managing Personal Digital Traces (Short Paper) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Varvara Kalokyri, Alexander Borgida, Amélie Marian,
and Daniela Vianna

Linked Open Data for Linguists: Publishing the Hartmann

von Aue-Portal in RDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Alex Stolz, Martin Hepp, and Roy A. Boggs

A Survey of Approaches to Representing SPARQL Variables

in SQL Queries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Miloš Chaloupka and Martin Nečaský

Semantic OLAP Patterns: Elements of Reusable Business Analytics . . . . . . . 318

Christoph G. Schuetz, Simon Schausberger, Ilko Kovacic,
and Michael Schrefl
 Contents – Part II XXVII

An Extensible Ontology Modeling Approach Using Post Coordinated

Expressions for Semantic Provenance in Biomedical Research . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Joshua Valdez, Michael Rueschman, Matthew Kim,
Sara Arabyarmohammadi, Susan Redline, and Satya S. Sahoo

Complete Semantics to Empower Touristic Service Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

Zaenal Akbar, Elias Kärle, Oleksandra Panasiuk, Umutcan Şimşek,
Ioan Toma, and Dieter Fensel

Distributed Holistic Clustering on Linked Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Markus Nentwig, Anika Groß, Maximilian Möller, and Erhard Rahm

Ontologies for Commitment-Based Smart Contracts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Joost de Kruijff and Hans Weigand

A Framework for User-Driven Mapping Discovery in Rich Spaces

of Heterogeneous Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Federica Mandreoli

Ontologies and Human Users: A Systematic Analysis of the Influence

of Ontology Documentation on Community Agreement
About Type Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Francesca Zarl, Martin Hepp, Alex Stolz, and Walter Gerbino

DLUBM: A Benchmark for Distributed Linked Data Knowledge

Base Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Felix Leif Keppmann, Maria Maleshkova, and Andreas Harth

Norwegian State of Estate Report as Linked Open Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

Ling Shi, Dina Sukhobok, Nikolay Nikolov, and Dumitru Roman

The InfraRisk Ontology: Enabling Semantic Interoperability

for Critical Infrastructures at Risk from Natural Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Dumitru Roman, Dina Sukhobok, Nikolay Nikolov, Brian Elvesæter,
and Antoine Pultier

Usability of Visual Data Profiling in Data Cleaning and Transformation . . . . 480

Bjørn Marius von Zernichow and Dumitru Roman

Semantic-Based Approach for Low-Effort Engineering

of Automation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
Aparna Saisree Thuluva, Kirill Dorofeev, Monika Wenger,
Darko Anicic, and Sebastian Rudolph

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

 International Conference on
Cooperative Information Systems
(CoopIS) 2017
 CoopIS 2017 PC Co-chairs’ Message

Walid Gaaloul, Mike Papazoglou, and Liang Zhang

The venue of CoopIS 2017 (the 25th CoopIS) is Rhodes, Greece. In this edition,
CoopIS celebrates a quarter of century of scientific excellence, academic and industrial
success. The longevity of CoopIS demonstrates its undeniable success in the scientific
and academic community. CoopIS represents one of one of the most qualified and
well-established international conferences positioned in a scientific area focusing on the
engineering of Cooperative Information Systems (CIS).
CIS paradigm integrates the research results from many related computing areas,
such as: distributed systems, coordination technologies, process management, knowl-
edge management, collective decision making, and systems integration technologies. In
recent years, several innovative technologies have emerged: Cloud Computing, Service
Oriented Computing, Internet of Things, Linked Open Data, mash-ups, Semantic
Systems, Collective Awareness Platforms, Processes as a Service, etc. New tech-
nologies have fuelled the need for new forms of large-scale social computing, an even
tighter integration of data and knowledge with large-scale collaboration platforms, by
crowd-sourcing and community-centric cooperation.
Thanks to the many high-quality submissions we were able to put a strong program
to celebrate this 25th anniversary. A total of 119 papers were submitted, of which 36
were accepted as full papers (30% acceptance), and 11 as short papers. The authors of
the accepted papers are from numerous different countries around the world, thus
keeping with the tradition of the international nature of CoopIS. Each paper received at
least three, in a number of cases even five, independent peer reviews.
We thank everyone who contributed to the success of CoopIS 2017. We would
especially like to thank: (1) the 121 program committee members who have reviewed
submissions in a timely manner, providing valuable and constructive feedback (and
their expertise) to the authors and assured the quality of the selected papers; (2) the
authors who contributed their papers on their research to COOPIS 2017; (3) the
Publicity Chair: Zhangbing Zhou; (4) the Business Program Chair: Hervé Panetto, and
(7) the local organizing committee.
 Characterizing Regulatory Documents
and Guidelines Based on Text Mining

Karolin Winter1(B) , Stefanie Rinderle-Ma1 , Wilfried Grossmann1 ,

Ingo Feinerer2 , and Zhendong Ma3
1
Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
{karolin.winter,stefanie.rinderle-ma,wilfried.grossmann}@univie.ac.at
2
University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
[email protected]
3
Center for Digital Safety and Security,
Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
[email protected]

Abstract. Implementing rules, constraints, and requirements contained

in regulatory documents such as standards or guidelines constitutes a
mandatory task for organizations and institutions across several domains.
Due to the amount of domain-specific information and actions encoded
in these documents, organizations often need to establish cooperations
between several departments and consulting experts to guide managers
and employees in eliciting compliance requirements. Providing computer-
based guidance and support for this often costly and tedious compli-
ance task is the aim of this paper. The presented methodology utilizes
well-known text mining techniques and clustering algorithms to clas-
sify (families) of documents according to topics and to derive signifi-
cant sentences which support users in understanding and implementing
compliance-related documents. Applying the approach to collections of
documents from the security and the medical domain demonstrates that
text mining is a promising domain-independent mean to provide support
to the understanding, extraction, and analysis of regulatory documents.

Keywords: Compliance · Regulatory documents · Requirements

extraction · Text mining

1 Introduction
Eliciting and implementing requirements from textual sources, i.e., regulations
such as Basel III [13], represents a major challenge for todays businesses and
requires a significant effort in terms of time and cost (cf., e.g., [18]). For example,
for a company the average cost (respectively duration) to implement the ISO
27001 standard is estimated between $6500 and $26000 (respectively between
6 and 12 months) [16]. It is often a manual and tedious process to interpret,
adapt, and implement the clauses from standards and guidelines into appropri-
ate technologies, processes, and actions, supported by consultants. Moreover, the
c Springer International Publishing AG 2017
H. Panetto et al. (Eds.): OTM 2017 Conferences, Part I, LNCS 10573, pp. 3–20, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69462-7_1
4 K. Winter et al.

cooperation between consultants and several departments is required in order to

correctly interpret and adapt these regulations. Most employees and managers
are experts in their field but dealing with these cumbersome documents is a chal-
lenge. The sheer breadth, intentional neutrality, and lack of actionable details
are the main obstacles to understand and apply the information in a meaningful
way. On the other hand, since many of these documents went through a very
rigorous drafting and voting process, the use of terminologies and words is care-
fully thought aiming for maximal precision. This raises an interesting question
i.e., what if computers can be used to assist to understand, interpret, and imple-
ment regulatory documents and guidelines and to extract the salient features? A
comprehensive approach towards this question has not been provided yet [21].
In order to access this problem the paper aims at answering the following
research questions:
RQ1 How can standard text mining tools help to understand the topics and con-
tent of regulatory documents and guidelines?
RQ2 How to improve the results produced by these methods?
RQ3 Is it possible to extract sentences which are relevant for implementing such
documents?

For this purpose, a methodology is proposed that constitutes a first step

towards covering RQ1, RQ2, and RQ3. One idea of this methodology is the
fragmentation of (larger) documents into subdocuments in order to exploit their
logical structure and to improve the results of text mining techniques. Another
idea is the further analysis of the documents using clustering to group document
fragments by topics. The proposed methodology is evaluated based on three case
studies whereupon two of them are described in the paper and the third one
is added as supplementary material1 . The first case study features a selection
of ISO 27000 standard documents. Contrary, for the second case study only
one medical document was chosen to demonstrate the usage of the document
fragmentation contained in the methodology. Therefore, it will be possible to
outline the feasibility and applicability of the approach to a variety of domains
and documents. Privacy documents are the subject of the third case study.
The paper is structured as follows. First, in Sect. 2, the methodology of the
approach is presented. Afterwards, the document collections used for the case
studies are described in Sects. 3.1 and 3.2. The evaluation of these case studies is
issued in Sect. 4 while in Sect. 5 use cases and limitations are discussed. Related
work is presented in Sect. 6 and the paper terminates with a conclusion and
outline of future work in Sect. 7.

2 Methodology
The methodology presented in this section is depicted in Fig. 1 and was imple-
mented in R 2 . The starting point is the collection of selected documents which
1
http://www.wst.univie.ac.at/projects/sprint/index.php?t=tm.
2
https://www.R-project.org/.
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