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Title: Nature readers

Sea-side and way-side No. 3

Author: Julia McNair Wright

Illustrator: C. S. King

Release date: November 5, 2023 [eBook #72044]

Language: English

Original publication: Boston: D. C. Heath & Co, 1888

Credits: Carla Foust and The Online Distributed Proofreading

Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced
from images generously made available by The Internet
Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NATURE

READERS ***
FRONTISPIECE
 Nature Readers.
SEA-SIDE AND WAY-SIDE.
No. 3.
BY

JULIA McNAIR WRIGHT.

“And if ever the way grew long,

And his strength began to fail,
She sang a more beautiful song,
And she told a more wonderful tale.”

Longfellow’s “Birthday Poem to Agassiz.”

Illustrated by C. S. King.

BOSTON, U.S.A.,
D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS.
1894.
 Copyright, 1888,
By Julia McNair Wright.

Norwood Press:
J. S. Cushing & Co.—Berwick & Smith.
Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
 PREFACE.
In presenting a third volume of the Nature Readers to the children of
our land, and to their parents and teachers, I feel it both a duty and a
delight to thank those who have so cordially and sympathetically
welcomed a new departure in School-Book Literature.
I have not sought to model these Readers upon any pattern
previously set, but to make them the outcome of what I have learned,
by observation, of the receptive and retentive powers of children.
I desired to impart useful and needful knowledge, in a fashion which
should not be burdensome, and which should strongly impress young
minds.
I have had no hobby of book-making, nor of style to follow. My one
idea has been to benefit the child, and to that end I have directed my
whole effort.
I sing an old song when I say, that we are a nervous race, and our
children are more intensely nervous than their parents. The antidote
for this nervousness, and its consequent train of disasters, is to be
found in the open air, in healthful out-of-door exercise, in the serene
calm of nature, in the peaceful joys which the investigation of nature
affords us.
If we can open wide the gates of “the fairy-land of science,”—if we
can bring the child near to the heart of nature,—if we can absorb his
hours of leisure, and many of his hours of brain-work, in the study of
nature out of doors, we shall have done much toward making him
robust in body, sound in mind, cheerful of disposition, and useful in
the future.
THE AUTHOR
 TO THE BOYS AND GIRLS.
Once more we are going out together by the Sea-side and the Way-
side. We shall now learn more of our Great Mother, the Earth, and of
her many children.
Once I read a tale of a queen, who gave all that she had to her
youngest son, and ordered all his brothers and sisters to be his
servants. I did not think that that was fair.
But something very like this has happened to us in this world. We
human beings are the last and youngest of living things, and yet all
the rest serve us, and are for our use. In this book I shall tell you the
secret of this. I shall tell you of the flowers and trees; they are the
earth’s eldest children. I shall tell you how they have taken insects
and birds for their partners, and have gone into business, to feed the
world.
We shall look at those pretty partners in their work and play.
The birds have some lovely stories to tell us in their songs.
And then, we shall put on some new spectacles, and look into the
brooks, and ponds, and into the rivers and seas, and see the Fin
Family, which feel so safe, hiding deep down in the waters.
And when you have learned a little of the wonderful way in which all
the parts of the world fit together, and work together, I want you to
think how wise and good is the great God who made all.
J. M. N. W.
 CONTENTS.
Lesson PAGE
I.The Great Mother 1
II.The Earth’s Eldest Child 5
III.A Look at a Plant 10
IV.A Year in a Plant’s Life 17
V.The Growth of Plants 23
VI.The Food of Plants 30
VII.Seeds and Leaves 35
VIII.The Color of Plants 43
IX.The Motion of Plants 49
X.Plants and their Partners 56
XI.Air, Water, and Sand Plants 66
XII.Plants that eat Animals 72
XIII.Weather Prophet Plants 79
XIV.Plant Clocks 84
XV.The School Cabinet 90
XVI.The Old Man of the Meadow 99
XVII.The Life of the Old Man of the Meadow 105
XVIII.The Robber Cousin 110
XIX.The Merry Cousins 117
XX.A Queer Cricket 123
XXI.Other Hoppers 127
XXII.A Real Live Fairy 132
XXIII.The Child of the Day 138
XXIV.Life among Snow and Roses 143
XXV.Joseph’s Coat 149
XXVI.Cousin Moth 154
XXVII.The Child of the Night 160
 XXVIII.The Bird 166
XXIX.Beaks and Claws 172
XXX.Tree, Ground, and Water Birds 178
XXXI.On the Wing 186
XXXII.Nest Building 193
XXXIII.The Bird at Home 200
XXXIV.Birds of Song 207
XXXV.The Other Partner 211
XXXVI.A Brigade of Birds 217
XXXVII.The Birds in the Woods 223
XXXVIII.The Birds in the House 230
XXXIX.The Lost Birds 235
XL.The Fin Family 239
XLI.Outside and Inside 245
XLII.Where they Live 252
XLIII.How they Behave 257
XLIV.Fry and School 262
XLV.Scales and Teeth 267
XLVI.Big and Little Brothers 274
 “NOTHING LEFT HIM.”

Sea-side and Way-side.

 LESSON I.
THE GREAT MOTHER.
“What are you doing?” I asked a boy to-day.
“Only digging in the dirt,” he said.
“And what is that in your little cart?”
“Nothing but dirt.”
“And what is this that you call dirt?”
He did not reply. An older boy, who had read more, said: “Dirt is the
top crust of the ball, called the earth, on which we live.”
“Very good. Now my lad, what is dirt worth?”
The boy who was digging said: “Ho! Dirt is worth nothing.”
“Suppose that I could take away from you all that you get from the
earth. What would you have left?”
“Many things,” said the little boy.
“Well,” said the older boy, “we should have no fruit, nor vegetables,
for these come from the ground. We should have no bread. Wheat
grows from the ground. No sugar, for sugar is made of beets and
sugar-cane.”
“And,” I said, “you would have no milk, butter, or cheese. For the cows
must eat grass and other plants, from which to make milk.”
“That is so,” said the big boy. “And, since it is so, you may say we
should have no meat. The animals must eat plants, of some kind, or
they could not live and grow.”
The boy who was digging now looked at the dirt with more respect.
“So you would lose all your food. For food is animal or vegetable, and
so comes from the dirt. Let us see about your clothes. You would lose
all cotton and linen clothes. For cotton and flax grow out of the
ground. You would lose all silk, woollen, and leather, clothes. The silk-
worms, sheep, and other animals feed on plants that grow in the dirt.
You must lose your straw hats also. Straw is the stem of a plant.”
“I should have my house,” said the boy who was digging.
“Let us see about that. Your house is made of stone, brick, or wood,
plaster, paint. All these things come from the earth. Bricks are clay,
burned. Wood grew in the ground as trees. Plaster is lime, sand, and
so on; these come from the earth. The paint is made of oil and ground
minerals. We get these minerals from the earth. If I could take from
you all you have from the earth, you would have no house, nor food,
nor clothes. You must go and sit out-of-doors, in a very sad state.”
“At least,” said the boy, “I should have my little iron shovel, and my
little iron cart.”
“No, you would not,” said the big boy. “Iron is dug out of the earth. You
would have no stove, no knives, no such things as pots, and pans, to
cook in! Ha! ha! ha!”
“I have a box full of pennies,” said the small boy, “and dimes, and
gold dollars; I would buy more things.”
“All your money will be gone with the rest of your losses. The
pennies, dimes, dollars, are made of metals. Metals come from rocks
that are found in the earth,” I said. “Also, all the dishes in your house
are made of clay and metal. You would have to lose them. All your
furniture is of wood, metal, and leather, you would have to lose that.
But you would soon starve without food. So it makes little matter what
else you lose.”
“I should sit on the sea-shore, and catch fish to eat!” cried the small
boy.
“You must then catch them without hook, net, or line. But let us begin
on the fish, and take away all that feed on sea plants. Next let us take
away all that feed on fish that have fed on plant-life. Soon you will be
in a sad way for fish to catch.”
“So all that we have comes from the earth?”
“Yes. The earth is a great treasure box, out of which come all things
which we see about us. It is for this reason that we say, ‘Mother
Earth.’ In old times people said the earth was the great mother of all
things. So do not speak with scorn of that dirt, which is ‘the earth’s
top-crust.’ What would you have without it?
“What would you be without it? Your flesh, blood, bones, are built up
of what you eat and drink. If all the things that come out of the earth
were taken from you, you would soon perish.
“Just now you found that you would have no house to live in, and no
clothes to wear. So, soon your mind and soul would have no body-
house to live in; no flesh-clothes to wear. Every part of you, except
the mind and soul part, comes from the earth.
“When we look at the earth that which we first notice is the plant, or
vegetable. By plants we mean the trees, grasses, and other things,
which grow out of the soil. Plants are Mother Earth’s first children.
“Beside the plants which grow in the soil, there are plants which are
called air-plants, because they grow in the air. Also there are plants
which grow in water. These are called water, or aquatic plants.”
We will now have some lessons on plant-life.
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