2021 Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology (ASIANCON)

Pune, India. Aug 28-29, 2021

2- Port MIMO Antenna Design for 5G

Communications
M. D. Nandanay S. B. G. Tilak Babu Sanjeev Kumar
U. G. Student of ECE department Faculty of ECE department Research Mentor
Aditya Engineering College Aditya Engineering College Accendere Knowledge Management
Surampalem, A. P., India Surampalem, A. P., India Services Pvt. Ltd.
[email protected] [email protected], New-Delhi, India
Adjunct Faculty at Aditya Engineering
College
Surampalem, A. P., India
[email protected]
[email protected]

Abstract—Two-port multi-input multi-output (MIMO) wireless communication. So this feature of MIMO increases
antenna for a 5G application is presented in this paper. The the strength of the communication system. Nowadays, the
2021 Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology (ASIANCON) | 978-1-7281-8402-9/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ASIANCON51346.2021.9544697

presented made of 2 monopole elements with an overall size of best technology is based on the utilization of fewer
11 x 4.5 mm2. To reduce the effect of one antenna element to components. But, this technology needs more number
another element, an optimized study has been considered. To antennas to have consisted in a specific place [5-6]. The
reduce isolation between the ports of the designed MIMO, a MIMO should have high separation in the middle of the
stub has been put into the ground plane. The presented MIMO antennas which in turn requires the high gap between the
for 5G wireless application has been carried out using HFSS antennas. The most important task for the researchers is to
software. The S11 value of deigned MIMO antenna obtained at
check the balance between miniaturization and high
26 GHz resonance frequency and bandwidth of 4.3 GHz (from
isolation. The design of the antenna should be aware of
24.0 GHz to 28.3 GHz) and isolation is below -27 dB. The
MIMO performance of the presented MIMO antenna gives millimeter-wave which depends on 5G technology. Many
good results such as impedance bandwidth, radiation pattern, countries are trying to acquire this technology. For other
isolation, and gain. The presented MIMO antenna shows a purposes and they are having separate bands in GHz. To
high-quality applicant for 5G mm-wave application. obtain this technology, different types of studies have been
taking place for antenna designing. The designing of an
Keywords—5G, mm-wave, wireless communication, MIMO, antenna with a low gain is not accepted, due to which the 5G
antenna waves are highly propagated and the losses in the atmosphere
are less. So the information that passes through the signal
I. INTRODUCTION becomes weak when traveling from transmitter to receiver.
These days 5G technologies are being used in many real- So to overcome this drawback one must read the depth of
world applications for example: use in Internet of Things antenna arrays with high gain and beam-steering array
(IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and cloud computing capabilities. This should be done to improve the strength of
applications. The development of 5G technology began in the the signal [7-8]. Furthermore, for mm-Wave wireless
last few years and has been implemented in 2019. Studies communication, a 24 GHz frequency band will be applied in
show that there would be rapid growth in existing automotive applications. The cellular communication
technologies and the invention of new technologies. For applications have seen an increase in the last several years
better utilization, the change should be done by increasing because they offer more bandwidth than traditional
bandwidth, reducing the clogging of the signals, and frequencies and less attenuation [9]. ISM 60 GHz band is
increasing the capacity of the channel. The present under test to see if it will be used for (WPAN and LAN to
technology is not having all these flexible requirements. So allow for live streaming of HD videos expanding. Authors
the Engineers and the Researchers came forward to develop have designed an antenna with a dual operating band for the
the technology and remodeled it and named it 5G 5G networks. While other solutions may include printed
technology. This 5G technology became one of the most antenna arrays for 5G, printed antenna array solutions are
trending technologies in the field of Antennas. Because of available, too [10], [11].
very few limited requirements the Scientists and Researchers The four sections of this article make up the entire body
are concentrating on the millimeter-wave spectrum. The of the article. Section I discusses the introduction of mm-
frequency band of the millimeter-wave spectrum is about 29 Wave for 5G wireless communication, Segment II covers
GHz. This spectrum made the world concentrate more on it antenna structure and Segment III deals with results and
because of its efficiency [1-4]. This trending 5G technology discussion. Segment IV provides the conclusions of the
is not only for implementing the basic requirements and also presented article.
to implement the technologies that are coming up into
existence. Especially this 5G technology is mainly used to II. ANTENNA STRUCTURE
implement the MIMO applications. This wireless MIMO will
The Rogers substrate material is used for designing the
improve the transmission rate and also improves the
MIMO antenna for 5G application and material’s
communication quality to be constant. This MIMO
specifications are height = 0.25 mm, dielectric constant = 3.0
technology consists of several antennas in the path of
and loss tangent loss = 0.001. The radiating and ground part

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of the MIMO antenna is used as copper material. A
microstrip feed technique is applied for 50- ohm impedance
matching. To achieve for 5G operation, two L- shaped
antenna elements are placed with mirror image position, and
a common ground plan has been used for achieving
compactness in size but when a common ground use at that
sharing surface current between the antenna element’s start.
Due to poor isolation is achieved. For better isolation, a stub
is introduced into the ground plane at the center position. The
proposed MIMO antenna geometry can be seen from Fig. 1
and optimized lengths are given in Table 1.

Fig. 2. S-parameters of the presented antenna

(a)

Fig. 3. 2-D radiation pattern at 28 GHz

(b)
Fig. 1. Proposed MIMO antenna geometry (a) front outlook and (b) back
outlook

TABLE I. OPTIMIZED PARAMETERS OF PRESENTED MIMO ANTENNA

Parameters Value Parameters Value
(mm) (mm)
Lg 11 Wg 4.5
L1 2.5 L2 1.1
L3 1 W1 1.8
W2 1 W3 1.35
W4 1.1 W5 3.4

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

HFSS commercial software is used for designing the
presented MIMO antenna. The simulated S-parameters
versus frequency graph of the presented antenna are given in
Fig. 2. The -10 dB S11 bandwidth of 4.3 GHz and good
isolation among the antenna’s elements is achieved in the
whole frequency range is below -27 dB. Fig. 3 shows the E
and H-plane 2-D radiation pattern. Fig. 4 shows the 3-D
radiation pattern of the antenna and main lobe is directed
towards the YZ-plane. The surface current at 26 GHz is
shown in Fig. 5. It will be analyzed from the graph current
was accumulated at the upper and lower part of the radiating
patch and a middle part density of current less as compare to
other parts. The smith chart is shown in Fig. 6.

Fig. 4. 3-D radiation pattern of the presented antenna

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 The total active reflection coefficient (TARC) is another
significant metric for analysing the properties of the MIMO
antenna. Compared to a basic reflecting coefficient, it is more
significant. TARC shall consist of all information relating to
the multi-port radiation system dispersion parameter. The
TARC may produce the effective impedance bandwidth,
resonant conduct and input excitement vector of the MIMO
antenna. A 2-port MIMO antenna from Equation 2 can be
Fig. 5. Current distribution at 28 GHz
assessed [13].
ඥሺܵଵଵ ൅ ܵଶଶ ሻଶ ൅ ሺܵଶଵ ൅ ܵଵଶ ሻଶ
ܶ‫ ܥܴܣ‬ൌ  ǥ ǥ ǥ ǥ ǥ ሺʹሻ
ξʹ
The formula for excitation at the port is 1, the input
reflection coefficient is S11, and the port isolation is S12 and
S21. Using randomly generated excitation phase angles, we
analyse the resonance properties of the proposed MIMO
antenna. Fig. 8 depicts the MIMO antenna's TARC curve.
The loss of channel capacity (CCL) is also highly
relevant to MIMO antenna characterisation. In the case of a
MIMO antenna, the data rate is usually higher than a single
antenna element. In the developed MIMO textile antenna,
thus, CCL research is vital. The concentrated amount of
information is the responsibility of CCL. This shows that the
Fig. 6. Smith of the presented antenna transfer of information over the communication channel is
promising uninterruptedly. It is okay if the CCL value be 0.2
IV. MIMO-PERFROMANCE or below as shown in Fig. 9.
The suggested MIMO antenna's diversity performance
was examined using envelope correlation coefficient (ECC).
The value of ECC must be kept low in MIMO antenna
systems in which antenna radiation patterns are correlated.
These values are derived from a simulation model of the
system with S-parameters as given in equation (1) [12]:
ȁܵଵଵ ‫ܵ כ‬ଵଶ ൅  ܵଶଵ ‫ܵ כ‬ଶଶ ȁ
‫ ܥܥܧ‬ൌ  ሺͳሻ
ሺͳ െ ȁܵଵଵ ȁଶ  െ ȁܵଶଵ ȁଶ ሻሺͳ െ ȁܵଶଶ ȁଶ െ ȁܵଵଶ ȁଶ ሻ
Where antenna ports 1 and 2 reflection co-efficient are
S11 and S22 respectively. S12 and S21 show the isolation
parameters respectively.
Variations in the simulated ECC value associated with
scattering (S) value of the presented antenna are shown in
Fig. 7. The simulated ECC values for S-parameters are
shown in Fig. 7 and it is <0.02 and for the entire frequency of
operation. Furthermore, the simulated ECC value utilising Fig. 8. TRAC response of presented MIMO antenna
far-field settings and S-parameters is substantially below the
permitted 0.1 limit for the complete range of operation
frequencies. It shows a good variety performance of the
proposed MIMO antenna.

Fig. 9. CCL response of presented MIMO antenna

Fig. 7. ECC response of presented MIMO antenna

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