Specification

e-Con Number

PHR-PPL-SPC-101800
Onshore Pipeline Construction
Operating Environment: Onshore

Intended for internal use PHR or other area as per guidance or permit

This document is the confidential property of PHR

Rev Date Description Author SME Review Approver
0 Sep 21 Issued For Approval
Summary of Changes
Rev. xx Rev. xx Description Type of Change
Onshore Pipeline Construction PHR-PPL-SPC-101800

Contents
1.0 Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 1
2.0 References .................................................................................................................................... 1
2.1 Owner Documents ............................................................................................................ 1
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards .......................................................................................... 2
2.3 Conflict Resolution............................................................................................................ 3
3.0 Terminology ................................................................................................................................... 3
3.1 Acronyms .......................................................................................................................... 3
3.2 Definitions......................................................................................................................... 4
4.0 Materials, Work, and Services ........................................................................................................ 4
4.1 Materials by Supplier ......................................................................................................... 4
4.2 Materials byPurchaser ...................................................................................................... 4
4.3 Surveying and Inventory ................................................................................................... 5
4.4 Radiographic Inspection Services ..................................................................................... 5
4.5 Welding Procedure Specifications .................................................................................... 5
4.6 Third-Party Certification Services ..................................................................................... 5
6.0 Materials ........................................................................................................................................ 5
6.1 Furnished by Purchaser .................................................................................................... 5
6.2 Management .................................................................................................................... 5
6.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 5
6.2.2 Responsibility .................................................................................................................... 5
6.3 Handling ............................................................................................................................ 6
6.3.1 Pipe Identification ............................................................................................................. 6
6.3.2 Pipe Documentation and Inventory................................................................................... 6
6.3.3 Pipe Transport by Supplier ................................................................................................ 6
6.3.4 Stockpiling ......................................................................................................................... 7
6.3.5 Pipe and/or Coating Damaged in Transport or Installation ................................................ 8
6.3.6 Pipe Pups ........................................................................................................................... 8
6.4 From Purchaser Storage.................................................................................................... 8
6.4.1 Withdrawal ........................................................................................................................ 8
6.4.2 Return to Purchaser Storage ............................................................................................. 9
6.4.3 End-of-Job Consolidation of Purchaser Furnished Surplus ................................................ 9
7.0 Preliminary and General Construction Requirements .................................................................... 9
7.1 Preliminary Arrangements ................................................................................................ 9
7.2 Documentation Before Clearing ....................................................................................... 9
7.3 Property Protection ........................................................................................................ 10
7.4 Road Closures ................................................................................................................. 10
7.5 Work Around Existing Pipelines and Other Buried Facilities ........................................ 10
7.5.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 11
7.5.2 Underground Service Alert Notification ......................................................................... 11
7.5.3 Locating Existing Pipelines .............................................................................................. 11
7.5.4 Parallel Pipelines ............................................................................................................. 11
7.5.5 Parallel to Electrical Power Line ..................................................................................... 11
7.5.6 Provision for Cathodic Protection Test Leads ................................................................. 12
7.6 Clean Up.......................................................................................................................... 12
7.7 Night Caps ....................................................................................................................... 12
8.0 Construction Route Marking, Line Inventory, and Surveying ...................................................... 12

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8.1 General Construction Marking ....................................................................................... 12

8.2 Line Inventory ................................................................................................................. 12
9.0 Horizontal Directional Drilling ..................................................................................................... 12
10.0 Fencing, Clearing, and Grading ..................................................................................................... 13
10.1 Fences ............................................................................................................................. 13
10.2 Brush and Tree Removal ................................................................................................. 13
10.3 Debris Disposal ............................................................................................................... 13
10.4 Topsoil Segregation......................................................................................................... 13
10.5 Slope Limits ..................................................................................................................... 13
10.6 Side Cast Materials .......................................................................................................... 13
11.0 Ditching ........................................................................................................................................ 13
11.1 Character of Ditch and Depth of Cover ........................................................................... 13
11.1.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 13
11.1.2 Watercourse Crossings .................................................................................................... 14
11.1.3 Bedding ........................................................................................................................... 14
11.2 Protection at Open Ditches ............................................................................................ 14
11.3 Shoring and Bracing ........................................................................................................ 14
11.4 Existing Pipelines, Other Structures, and/or Electrical Cabling ...................................... 14
11.5 Rock Excavation and Blasting .......................................................................................... 15
11.5.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 15
11.5.2 Ditching Where Rock is Encountered .............................................................................. 15
11.5.3 Blasting ............................................................................................................................ 15
11.6 Topsoil Segregation......................................................................................................... 15
11.7 Restricted Use of Excavation Equipment........................................................................ 15
11.8 Pavement Removal ......................................................................................................... 15
12.0 Stringing ....................................................................................................................................... 16
12.1 Handling of Pipe .............................................................................................................. 16
12.2 Changes in Pipe/Coating ................................................................................................. 16
12.3 Wall-Thickness Transitions ............................................................................................. 16
12.4 Sequence with Ditching .................................................................................................. 16
12.5 Tee Connections ............................................................................................................. 16
13.0 Bending ........................................................................................................................................ 16
13.1 Field Bends ..................................................................................................................... 16
13.2 Field Bend Limits ............................................................................................................. 17
13.2.1 Minimum Radius of Bends ............................................................................................... 17
13.2.2 Diameter Reduction Limit ................................................................................................ 17
13.2.3 Wall Thickness Reduction Limit........................................................................................ 17
13.2.4 Minimum Tangent Length ............................................................................................... 17
13.3 Cold Weather Precautions .............................................................................................. 17
13.4 Shop-Fabricated Bends ................................................................................................... 18
13.5 Sizing Test for Bends ....................................................................................................... 18
14.0 Line-Up ......................................................................................................................................... 18
14.1 Internal Obstructions ...................................................................................................... 18
14.2 Longitudinal Weld Seams ............................................................................................... 18
14.3 Temporary Pipe Supports (Skids) .................................................................................... 18
15.0 Pipe Welding ................................................................................................................................ 18
15.1 Welding Procedure Qualification .................................................................................... 19
15.1.1 Procedure Specifications by Purchaser ........................................................................... 19

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15.1.2 Procedure Specifications by Supplier .............................................................................. 19

15.1.3 Test Joints and Testing .................................................................................................... 19
15.1.4 Acceptance of Procedures ............................................................................................... 19
15.2 Welder Qualification ....................................................................................................... 20
15.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 20
15.2.2 Qualified Welders ........................................................................................................... 20
15.2.3 Additional Tests............................................................................................................... 20
15.3 Welder Identification ...................................................................................................... 21
15.4 Production Welding ........................................................................................................ 21
15.4.1 Surface Cleaning and Bevel Preparation ......................................................................... 21
15.4.2 Pipe Material Flaws and Defects ..................................................................................... 21
15.4.3 Arc Burns ......................................................................................................................... 21
15.4.4 Preheating....................................................................................................................... 22
15.4.5 Weather Conditions ........................................................................................................ 22
15.4.6 Protection of Pipe Coating............................................................................................... 22
15.5 Production Weld Examination and Testing .................................................................... 22
15.6 Repair or Removal of Defective Welds ........................................................................... 23
15.6.1 Repairs ............................................................................................................................ 23
15.6.2 Cut-Outs .......................................................................................................................... 24
15.6.3 Excessive Repairs andCut-Outs ....................................................................................... 24
15.6.4 Costs ............................................................................................................................... 24
16.0 Coatings ....................................................................................................................................... 24
16.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 24
16.1.1 Handling of Shop-Coated Pipe ......................................................................................... 24
16.1.2 Storage and Protection ofCoating Materials .................................................................. 24
16.1.3 Inspection and Testing of Coating.................................................................................... 24
16.1.4 Repair of Coating Damage and Defects ........................................................................... 25
16.1.5 Protective Coated Pipe at Cased and Uncased Crossings ................................................. 25
16.1.6 Coating at Aboveground-Underground Transition ......................................................... 25
16.1.7 Training for Installation of Field Joints and Repairs ......................................................... 25
16.1.8 Weather Conditions........................................................................................................ 25
16.2 Project Coating Systems ................................................................................................. 25
16.3 Shrink-Sleeve Field Joints ............................................................................................... 26
16.3.1 Materials ......................................................................................................................... 26
16.3.2 Surface Preparation ........................................................................................................ 26
16.3.3 Application ....................................................................................................................... 26
16.4 Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coating on Field Joints................................................................. 27
16.4.1 Materials ......................................................................................................................... 27
16.4.2 Surface Preparation ........................................................................................................ 27
16.4.3 Application ....................................................................................................................... 28
16.5 Field Coating of Shop-Fabricated Bends, Fittings, Flanges, and Valves .......................... 28
16.5.1 Materials ......................................................................................................................... 28
16.5.2 Surface Preparation ........................................................................................................ 28
16.6 Repairs to Fusion-Bonded Epoxy and Extruded Plastic Film ........................................... 28
16.6.1 Materials and Application ................................................................................................ 28
16.6.2 Surface Preparation ........................................................................................................ 28
16.6.3 Repairs to Fusion-BondedEpoxy Coatings ....................................................................... 29
16.6.4 Repairs to ExtrudedPlastic Film ....................................................................................... 29

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16.6.5 Repairs to Tape WrapCoatings ........................................................................................ 29

16.7 Coating of Cad-welded Anode and Test Lead Connections ............................................ 29
16.7.1 Materials and Application ................................................................................................ 29
16.7.2 Surface Preparation ........................................................................................................ 29
16.8 Concrete-Coating Field Joints ......................................................................................... 30
16.8.1 Materials ......................................................................................................................... 30
16.8.2 Application ....................................................................................................................... 30
17.0 Lowering In, Backfilling, Tie-Ins, Restoration ................................................................................ 30
17.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 30
17.2 Lowering-In ..................................................................................................................... 30
17.3 Backfilling ........................................................................................................................ 31
17.3.1 Shading ............................................................................................................................ 32
17.3.2 Agricultural and GrazingLands ......................................................................................... 32
17.3.3 Railroad, Highway and Road Crossings, Levees, Waterways ............................................ 32
17.3.4 Trench Plugs .................................................................................................................... 33
17.4 Tie-Ins ............................................................................................................................. 33
17.5 Grading and Erosion Control .......................................................................................... 33
17.5.1 Side Cast Material Retrieval ............................................................................................ 33
17.5.2 Topsoil Replacement....................................................................................................... 33
17.5.3 Cross Drain Ditches (Water Bars) ..................................................................................... 33
17.5.4 Special Erosion Control Measures ................................................................................... 34
17.6 Re-vegetation ................................................................................................................. 34
17.7 Documentation After Restoration .................................................................................. 34
18.0 Cathodic Protection Test and Bonding Leads and Facilities .......................................................... 34
18.1 Cathodic Protection Facilities.......................................................................................... 34
18.2 Test and Bonding Stations .............................................................................................. 34
19.0 Line Markers and Signs ................................................................................................................. 35
20.0 Highway, Railroad, and Major Crossings ...................................................................................... 35
20.1 Preliminary HydrostaticTesting ....................................................................................... 35
20.2 Highway and Railroad Crossings ..................................................................................... 35
20.2.1 Bore Pits .......................................................................................................................... 36
20.2.2 Cased Crossings ............................................................................................................... 36
20.3 River and Watercourse Crossings ................................................................................... 36
21.0 Appurtenances and Special Construction ..................................................................................... 36
21.1 Appurtenances................................................................................................................ 36
21.1.1 Straight Runs of Pipe at Mainline Valves ......................................................................... 36
21.1.2 Flange Bolting up ............................................................................................................. 36
21.2 Concrete Work ................................................................................................................ 37
21.3 Structural Steelwork ....................................................................................................... 37
21.3.1 Fabrication ....................................................................................................................... 37
21.3.2 Erection ........................................................................................................................... 37
21.3.3 Welding ........................................................................................................................... 37
21.4 Painting of Aboveground Piping and Structural Steel .................................................... 37
21.4.1 Surface Preparation ........................................................................................................ 37
21.4.2 Paint and Applications ...................................................................................................... 37
21.4.3 Paint Touch Up and Small Repairs ................................................................................... 37
21.4.4 Painting on Insulating Flange Assemblies ......................................................................... 37
21.4.5 Inspection ........................................................................................................................ 37

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21.5 Fencing at Station Sites ................................................................................................... 38

21.6 Long Pipeline Runs Aboveground ................................................................................... 38
21.7 Connections to Existing Facilities .................................................................................... 38
22.0 Completion Tests ......................................................................................................................... 38
22.1 Water for Tests ............................................................................................................... 38
22.2 Scraper Test ‘Pipeline Cleaning’...................................................................................... 38
22.3 Hydrostatic Test .............................................................................................................. 39
22.4 Test Report...................................................................................................................... 40
22.5 Preliminary Pressure Tests at Crossings and Other Locations ........................................ 41
22.6 Repairs and Retests......................................................................................................... 41
22.7 Completion of Satisfactory Tests .................................................................................... 41
22.8 Dewatering and Drying ................................................................................................... 41
23.0 In-Line Inspection ......................................................................................................................... 42

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1.0 Scope
This specification covers the construction, installation, and testing of pipeline systems for onshore
construction in accordance with ASME B31.4 and ASME B31.8.
1. This specification should be supplemented by local contractual legal terms and conditions.
2. This specification does not address facility or plant pipelines. The following are also not included
in this specification, and projects should contact the Purchaser’s Materials and Corrosion
team:
a. Strain-based design, such as seismically active areas.
b. Buried pipelines with an operating temperature > 175ºF (79.4ºC).
3. Materials and design of pipelines is covered in PPL-DU-5023 (liquid) and PPL-DU-5236 (gas).
4. The scope of work includes restoring and re-vegetating the entire job site, including staging
areas and all other working areas.

2.0 References
1. The following documents are referenced herein and are considered part of this specification.
2. Use the latest edition of each document referenced below unless otherwise specified.

2.1 Owner Documents

PHR-CIV-SPC-10398 Fabrication of Structural and Miscellaneous Steel
PHR-CIV-SPC-10850 Plain and Reinforced Concrete
PHR-CIV-DTL-105240 Civil Design Criteria
PHR-COM-ETF-10844 Coatings Inspection Report Form
PHR-COM-SPC-104042 Single and Dual Layer Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Systems for External Pipeline
Coatings
PHR-COM-SPC-104743 External Coatings
PHR-COM-SPC-105191 Coating Systems
PHR-CPM-PRC-105074 Material Verification Program
PHR-CPM-SPC-105244 Preservation of New Equipment
PHR-CPM-SPC-105252 Hydrotest Water Quality for Corrosion Prevention
PHR-CPM-DTL-106004 Cathodic Protection Test Stations for Pipelines
PHR-CPM-DTL-106005 Pipe Isolation
PHR-CPM-DTL-106006 Electrical Continuity Bonding
PHR-CPM-DTL-106007 Cased Crossings
PHR-CPM-DTL-106008 Deep Anode ICCP for Pipelines
PHR-CPM-DTL-106010 Surface Anode ICCP Systems for Pipelines and Plant Facilities
PHR-PIM-SPC-105209 Flange Gaskets and Bolting
PHR-PPL-SPC-101564 Radiographic Inspection
PHR-PPL-SPC-102005 Concrete Coatings of Line Pipe - Compression Method
PHR-PPL-SPC-102014 Concrete Coating of Line Pipe - Impingement Method
PHR-PPL-SPC-104737 Hot Induction and Cold Shop Bending
PHR-PPL-SPC-105023 Materials and Design of Liquid Transportation Pipelines
PHR-PPL-SPC-105193 Pig Launcher and Receiver
PHR-PPL-SPC-105202 Onshore Oil and Gas Transmission Pipeline Horizontal Directional
Drilling (HDD) Construction
PHR-PPL-DTL-105236 Materials and Design of Gas Transportation Pipelines
PHR-PPL-PRC-105312 Requirements for Mechanized Ultrasonic Examination of Pipeline Girth

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Welds
PHR-PPL-SPC-105323 Flanges, Fittings, and Forgings for Pipelines — Onshore and Offshore
PHR-PPL-SPC-106185 Piping Material Line Classes for Pipeline Applications
PHR-PPL-SPC-106186 Valve Purchase Descriptions for Pipeline Applications
PHR-PPL-GTA-L1099880 Standard Detail of Bars at Pipe Line Tee Connections
PHR-QAM-PRC-106196 Pipeline In-Line Inspection Acceptance
PHR-SDP-SPC-105106 Safety Design Practices
PHR-WEM-PRC-106089 Qualified Welding Procedures

2.2 Industry Codes and Standards

American Petroleum Institute (API)
Spec 5L Specification for Line Pipe
RP 5L1 Recommended Practice for Railroad Transportation of Line Pipe
RP 5LW Recommended Practice for Transportation of Line Pipe on Barges and Marine
Vessels
RP 1102 Steel Pipelines Crossing Railroads and Highways
Std 1104 Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
RP 1109 Marking Liquid Petroleum Pipeline Facilities
RP 1110 Recommended Practice for the Pressure Testing of Steel Pipelines for the
Transportation of Gas, Petroleum Gas, Hazardous Liquids, Highly Volatile Liquids or
Carbon Dioxide

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries
B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems

American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT)

CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

A390 Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Poultry Fence Fabric
(Hexagonal and Straight Line)
C33/C33M Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates C150/C150M Standard
Specification for Portland Cement
D1556/D1556M Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by Sand-
Cone Method
D6938 Standard Test Methods for In-Place Density and Water Content of Soil and Soil-
Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)

American Welding Society (AWS)

D1.1/D1.1M Structural Welding Code—Steel
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9712 Non-destructive testing
Qualification and certification of NDT personnel

NACE International (NACE)

SP0102 In-Line Inspection of Pipelines
SP0169 Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems

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SP0274 High-Voltage Electrical Inspection of Pipeline Coatings SP0490 Holiday

Detection of Fusion-Bonded Epoxy External Pipeline Coatings of 250 to 760 um (10
to 30 Mils)

Process Industry Practices (PIP)

PIP CVS02830 Chain Link Fence and Gates Installation Specification

Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC)

SP 1 Solvent Cleaning
SP 3 Power Tool Cleaning
SP 10 Near-White Metal Blast Cleaning
VIS 1 Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Dry Abrasive Blast
Cleaning

2.3 Conflict Resolution

1. Conflicts between this specification and other referenced documents shall be submitted in
writing to Purchaser for resolution.
2. In the event of inconsistencies among the requirements stated in the referenced documents,
the following order of precedence shall apply:
a. Local country statutes, regulations, and directives.
b. Local country codes and standards.
c. Project requisition.
d. Data sheets.
e. This specification.
f. Other international codes and standards.
3. Notwithstanding the stated hierarchy, discrepancies among the requirements of the above
documents shall be forwarded in writing to Purchaser for resolution.

3.0 Terminology
3.1 Acronyms
ACCP ASNT Central Certification Program
AUT Automatic Ultrasonic Testing
AWG American Wire Gauge
FBE Fusion-Bonded Epoxy
ILI In-Line Inspection
HDD Horizontal Directional Drilling
MAOP Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure
MOP Maximum Operating Pressure
MT Magnetic Particle Testing
NGL Natural Gas Liquid
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
PI Point of Intersection
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
RT Radiographic Testing
SMYS Specified Minimum Yield Strength

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UT Ultrasonic Testing
UV Ultraviolet
VT Visual Testing

3.2 Definitions
Coating Anything additional to the bare pipe such as shop-applied epoxy,
enamel, extruded plastic, tape, thermal insulation
systems, concrete, as well as field applied epoxy, primer,
tape, enamel, insulation, and wraparound sleeves.
Construction Right-of-Way Maintained right-of-way, plus any supplemental area along the
pipeline route arranged for by Purchaser on a temporary basis
for construction purposes.
Field Joint Any field coating necessary to maintain the continuity or integrity
of the pipe coating system, including coating at girth welds and
branch connections of shop-coated pipe.
Maintained Right-of-Way Area within Purchaser’s right-of-way easements, including the
pipeline route and certain access routes, which are
maintained by Purchaser on an ongoing basis.
Work Area Area within or outside construction right-of-way, which has
been disturbed by construction, access roads, staging, storage,
etc., plus area on which side cast material has been placed.

4.0 Materials, Work, and Services

4.1 Materials by Supplier
Supplier shall provide all materials, construction equipment, labor including supervision, engineering
and inspection, utilities, tools, and all items of a consumable nature that are required for
construction, installation, and testing of the pipeline system facility as detailed by this specification.

4.2 Materials by Purchaser

1. Purchaser shall furnish categories of material, as set forth in the addenda or exception,
including the following:
a. Line pipe, pipe fittings, and flanges (per PHR-PPL-SPC-105023, PHR-PPL-DTL-105236,
PHR-PPL-SPC-105323, and PHR-PPL-SPC-106185).
b. Valves (per PHR-PPL-SPC-106186).
c. Shop fabricated blends (per PHR-PPL-SPC-104737).
d. Pig launcher and receiver (per PHR-PPL-SPC-105193).
e. Instruments.
2. Material items, quantities, delivery locations, and delivery dates shall be listed in detail.
3. If any of the categories of materials listed above is to be furnished by Supplier, the
Materials shall be fully described and specified in project drawings and/or specifications.
4. If line pipe is furnished by Supplier, it shall meet the requirements of PHR-PPL-SPC-105023
and/or PHR-PPL-SPC-105236.
5. Purchaser shall provide or arrange for material storage areas only as defined in the addendum
or exception, or as shown on project drawings. Material preservation shall follow the
requirements of PHR-CPM-SPC-105244.

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4.3 Surveying and Inventory

1. Services provided by Purchaser shall be consistent with the requirements for surveying by
Supplier, if any.
2. Additional surveying and geological studies shall be performed on pipeline construction across
fault lines.
3. Design and route selection shall minimize potential displacement stresses.
4. The Purchaser shall determine specific requirements for alignments, surveying, and mapping
and shall provide these to the Supplier as part of the bid package.
Note: Refer to Section 8.0.

4.4 Radiographic Inspection Services

Purchaser shall arrange for radiographic inspection of pipeline welding per the requirements
of PHR-PPL-SPC-101564.

4.5 Welding Procedure Specifications

Purchaser shall supply welding procedure specifications for the project, with date or revision
number as appropriate. See Section 15.1.1 for additional information.
Note: Pipeline welding procedures provided in WEM-PU-6089 may be used as an instruction
to the Supplier.

4.6 Third-Party Certification Services

Purchaser shall arrange for third-party certification services outlined in Section 22.4.

6.0 Materials
6.1 Furnished by Purchaser
1. Purchaser shall provide only those materials as specifically listed or designated as ‘By
Purchaser’ on project drawings.
2. Storage sites provided or arranged for by Purchaser shall be identified.
3. Items arranged for by Purchaser to be off-loaded by Supplier from carriers’ trucks or railcars
shall be identified.

6.2 Management
6.2.1 General
1. Supplier shall handle materials as required to perform work. The term ‘handle’ shall mean to
collect, receive, tally, transport, load and unload, store, uncrate, and warehouse.
2. Supplier shall handle all materials in compliance with applicable codes, standards, and
specifications listed in Section 2.0, and manufacturers’ specifications and instructions.
3. Preceding the time of on-site fabrication, Supplier shall preserve all pipeline and pipeline
components per PHR-CPM-SPC-105244 and to the following requirements:
a. Bare submerged arc welded pipe shall not be stacked pipe-to-pipe.
b. Bare submerged arc welded pipe shall be stacked so that the longitudinal weld seams do
not touch adjacent pipe surfaces.

6.2.2 Responsibility
1. Supplier shall be responsible for proper control and care of materials furnished by Purchaser
to Supplier and shall perform necessary warehouse administrative duties.

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a. Supplier shall tally material receipts, report shortages and damages, and inventory
surplus material remaining upon completion of construction.
b. Purchaser-furnished material withdrawn by Supplier but not permanently installed shall
be returned to Purchaser if pristine, or replaced or paid for by Supplier if damaged.
2. Supplier shall take necessary steps, such as painting, greasing, installation of rust preventative
oil, or covering to protect material from mechanical damage or corrosion.
3. Instruments, control panels, and electrical equipment sensitive to conditions of humidity and
temperature shall be suitably stored.
4. Supplier shall apply color codes according to CPM-PU-5074 for identification of alloy materials
when they are received to ensure that these alloy materials are properly installed and that
the correct weld rod is used.
5. Supplier shall be solely responsible for damage to Purchaser-furnished materials after
received by Supplier.

6.3 Handling
1. Pipe, valves, fittings, and other materials shall be loaded and/or unloaded with adequately
sized equipment in good, safe condition.
a. Slings shall be constructed or padded to prevent damage to pipe or coating.
b. End hooks may be used with Purchaser acceptance on plain end pipe only. If used, they
shall be rubber or brass-coated to prevent damage to beveled ends and pipe walls.
c. Chains shall not be used to handle pipe.
2. Transportation protection shall follow industry practice (e.g., cradles, padding, or other
strapping) necessary to protect materials during transportation and prevent shifting loads.
3. When transporting pipe, valves, fittings, and other materials, adequate tie-downs shall be
used.
4. Proposed handling equipment and procedures shall be submitted for Purchaser review and
acceptance at least 30 days in advance of material receipts.

6.3.1 Pipe Identification

Supplier shall maintain identification of pipe grade, heat number, pipe specification, wall
thickness, manufacturer, etc., when mill identification markings are cut off or obliterated by
clearly marking each partial joint of pipe.
Note: On large projects, Purchaser should consider adopting a pipe identifications system
such as bar coding or radio frequency identification (RFID) to ensure traceability.

6.3.2 Pipe Documentation and Inventory

For each size, wall thickness, grade, and type of coating, Supplier shall maintain a weekly inventory
showing total pipe received, pipe laid, pipe on hand at storage areas, and pipe on Supplier’s trucks
or in Supplier’s double jointing or temporary storage yards.

6.3.3 Pipe Transport by Supplier

1. When Supplier is responsible for shipments of pipe from pipe manufacturing mill or to/from pipe
coating plants, shipments shall conform to the requirements of API 5L1 and/or API 5LW, and
to the regulations and rules of the carrier.

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2. Railroad, barge, and marine vessel shipments shall conform to the requirements of API 5L1
and API 5LW, respectively.
3. Pipe unloading slings that provide pipe-to-sling interior angles at a minimum of 30 degrees each
shall be used.
4. Bare submerged arc welded pipe shall be stacked so that the longitudinal weld seams do not
touch adjacent pipe surfaces.
5. Bare spiral weld pipe shall be separated by wood dunnage so that weld seams do not touch
adjacent pipe surfaces.
6. Transportation protection shall follow industry practice (e.g., cradles, padding, or other
strapping) necessary to protect materials during transportation and prevent shifting loads.
a. Supplier shall submit details for protection of pipe coating to Purchaser for review and
acceptance at least 30 days before shipments are scheduled to begin.
b. Stacking heights shall not exceed maximums as specified in Table 1.
c. The cradles shall be sized (scalloped) for the specific diameter of pipe being transported
or otherwise designed to ensure that the pipe joints do not move during transport.
d. Three-inch (76-mm) minimum clearance between the bottom of the pipe joints in the
bottom tier and the bed of the transporting vehicle shall be provided to allow for flexing.

Table 1: Pipe Stacking Heights

Numbers of Tiers for
Pipe Size (OD) Bare Pipe Coated Pipe
30 inches (762 mm) and larger 4 2
22 – 28 inches (559 – 711 mm) 5 3
18 – 20 inches (457 – 508 mm) 6 4
14 – 16 inches (356 – 406 mm) 8 4
12 inches (305 mm) and smaller 10 4

7. Pipe shall be secured by padded straps or straps made of a resilient material.

8. No chains, trailer stakes, or other metal objects, including the devices used to tighten the
straps, shall come in contact with the coating.
9. Full encirclement separation bands on fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) coated pipe shall be kept in
place during transport, including stringing.
a. Separation bands shall be at least 3/8-inch (9.5-mm) thick and made of rubber hard
enough to resist noticeable compression, or equivalent. Nylon or polypropylene rope may
be used when accepted byPurchaser.
b. Sufficient bands spaced equidistant shall be used to avoid any contact between pipe
joints—at least three for 40-foot (12.2-m) joints and at least five for 60-foot and
80-foot (18.3-m and 24.4-m) joints.

6.3.4 Stockpiling
1. Pipe shall be racked in neat rows and tiers to prevent damage to pipe and coating and shall
be accessible during all types of weather conditions.
2. Stacking heights shall not exceed the maximums stated in Table 1.
3. Storage area shall be located on relatively high ground and shall have adequate drainage to
prevent water puddle formation during rain storms.
4. Storage area shall have adequate bearing strength so that no ground settling occurs that

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would adversely affect the piping arrangement.

5. Pipe joints shall be adequately restrained at all times to prevent rolling by using blocks or
stanchions for the pipe to rest against.
a. For coated pipe, if the blocks or stanchions are metal or wood, rubber strips shall be
provided at bearing and pipe contacts.
b. Stowing cables used to secure the pipe shall be isolated from contact with pipe by a
protective layer such as rubber strips.
6. Storage areas shall be organized so that racks of different joint lengths, diameters, wall
thicknesses, and types of coating can be readily accessed for handling and load-out.
7. Coated and bare pipe shall be stacked in a staggered pattern so that each pipe in the stack
is supported for the full length of pipe by two pipes in the lower row. The stacked pipe shall be
separated by a 3-rope or similar system to prevent pipe contact.
8. Bare submerged arc welded pipe shall be racked so that the longitudinal weld seams do not
touch adjacent pipe surfaces.
9. Full encirclement separation bands shall be in place on spiral-weld pipe joints and FBE coated
pipe joints. See Section 6.3.3 for further information.
10. Ends of pipe shall be capped with plastic end-caps.
11. Pipe with coating subject to deterioration under ultraviolet (UV) exposure shall be covered
with a UV-resistant material while stockpiled for periods longer than 2 months.

6.3.5 Pipe and/or Coating Damaged in Transport or Installation

1. Supplier shall repair or cut off, as specified by Purchaser, sections of pipe and/or coating
damaged in shipment to delivery points or during installation.
2. Supplier’s liability for material damaged while in Supplier’s custody shall be as covered in the
project contract terms and conditions.
3. Pipe shall be considered damaged prior to receipt by Supplier only if Supplier notifies Purchaser
of damage so that Purchaser may inspect damage before Supplier handles pipe in any
manner.
4. Pipe or coating damage not called to Purchaser’s attention before Supplier handles it shall be
repaired or replaced by Supplier at Supplier’s expense.
5. Pipe or coating damaged in transport by Supplier or during construction shall be repaired or
replaced at Supplier’s expense.

6.3.6 Pipe Pups

1. Pipe required to replace welds cut out of the line shall be cut from pieces of pipe shorter than
6 feet (1.8 m), when available.
2. The replacement piece shall be of same wall thickness, grade, and specification as that of the
cut out.
3. For sizes NPS 6 (DN 150) and larger, all pieces of pipe exceeding 6 feet (1.8 m) in length that
are cut off when making tie-in welds or for other reasons shall be hauled ahead and welded
into the pipeline in locations where pipe of the same wall thickness, grade, and specification is
being laid.

6.4 From Purchaser Storage

6.4.1 Withdrawal
1. For Purchaser-furnished materials to be issued to Supplier at a Purchaser storage yard,
Supplier shall prepare a list of the materials required and shall arrange with Purchaser for pick

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up of the materials.
2. This list shall include a brief description of the material and a reference drawing number
indicating where the material is to be used.
3. Supplier’s requests for withdrawal of such material shall be limited to the quantities shown on
the drawings or lists of materials supplied by Purchaser.
4. Supplier shall obtain Purchaser acceptance before requesting material in excess of such
quantities.
5. Two copies of this list of materials shall be submitted to Purchaser when picking up materials;
one copy shall be returned to Supplier with the materials, the second shall be signed by
Supplier and retained by Purchaser.
6. Supplier shall load all materials.

6.4.2 Return to Purchaser Storage

When Purchaser-furnished materials are found to be in excess, Supplier shall return and
unload extra materials, accompanied by a list of materials, provided in duplicate, describing
them at Purchaser-designated storage yard.

6.4.3 End-of-Job Consolidation of Purchaser Furnished Surplus

1. Supplier shall supply a detailed list of Purchaser-furnished material withdrawn from Purchaser
storage and not permanently installed within 1 week after the final successful hydrotest.
2. Supplier shall return all Purchaser surplus material to Purchaser-designated storage locations.

7.0 Preliminary and General Construction Requirements

7.1 Preliminary Arrangements
1. Supplier shall be familiar with all provisions affecting construction included in the pipeline right-
of-way agreements and easements secured byPurchaser.
2. Supplier shall comply with requirements of permits, right-of-way agreements, easements,
leases, and other agreements obtained by Purchaser or Supplier relating to the work. Supplier
shall cooperate with Purchaser in satisfying all reasonable requirements of property owners.
a. Work necessary to comply with right-of-way and permit requirements in documents
specified by Purchaser shall be performed by Supplier at no additional cost to
Purchaser.
b. Supplier’s demonstrated costs for other work shall be reimbursed as an adjustment to
compensation.
3. Supplier shall notify and consult property owners or tenants prior to the start of construction
or entry on any property to determine the procedure that will result in the least damage to
or interference with the property owners’ or tenants’ operations.

7.2 Documentation Before Clearing

1. Prior to clearing, Supplier shall document the undisturbed right-of-way condition, including the
following at a minimum:
a. Color photographs taken at 400-foot (122-m) intervals, or at maximum line of sight,
whichever is less, in agricultural and developed lands.
b. Color photographs taken at greater intervals to show typical conditions in undeveloped
lands.
2. Photographs shall be taken at the following locations:
a. At every road and railroad crossing, with views showing the full length of the crossing on

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the road or railroad right-of-way.

b. At river and watercourse crossings and in all areas where extensive grading is to be done.
c. At private roads that will be used for access to the construction right-of-way.
3. Each picture shall be labeled with the stationing or location and direction toward which it was
taken. The access road label shall include the right-of-way stationing accessed by the road.
4. Two copies of this report shall be provided to Purchaser within 14 calendar days of the start
of clearing.

7.3 Property Protection

1. Clearing, grading, ditching, boring, pipe stringing, bending, welding, coating, laying, and backfilling
activities along the pipeline route shall be confined to the width of the construction right-of-
way and to specific temporary access routes arranged for by Supplier.
2. Supplier shall make arrangements for temporary access in accordance with Section 5.2.
Supplier’s operations shall be conducted so that no unnecessary damage or inconvenience
is caused to the public, property owners, or tenants.
3. Supplier shall exercise every care to prevent interference with the normal supply and
distribution of water in irrigated lands.
4. Supplier shall be responsible for designing and providing access to the job site, including
temporary roads and bridges, modifications to roads (i.e., widening or curve straightening) and
bridges (i.e., widening or reinforcing), and any other temporary facilities necessary.
5. Construction or modifications, with permission, shall be submitted for Purchaser review prior
to work taking place.
6. Supplier shall exercise due care to avoid damaging existing improvements or facilities, utilities,
fences, trees, and shrubbery that are not to be removed in clearing operations.
a. All trees and shrubbery that are not to be removed, pole lines, fences, signs, survey
markers and monuments, buildings and structures, conduits, cables, pipelines under or
above ground, sewer and waterlines, highway or street facilities, and any other
improvements or facilities within or adjacent to the work area shall be protected from
injury or damage by Supplier.
b. If such objects are injured or damaged during Supplier’s operations, they shall be replaced
or restored to a condition equal to that prior to construction at Supplier’s expense.
7. Supplier shall secure acceptance of the property owners or controlling authorities before filling
or bridging public or natural ditches, drains, or canals along the construction right- of-way for
passage of equipment. Supplier’s design for these crossings shall be submitted to Purchaser
for review prior to construction.
8. When crossing highways, railroads, or hard surfaced roads that may be damaged by moving
equipment, Supplier shall sufficiently shield such surfaces to prevent damage.
9. Surfaces damaged due to Supplier’s equipment shall be repaired to the satisfaction of the
controlling authority and Purchaser by Supplier at Supplier’s expense.

7.4 Road Closures

1. Supplier shall obtain acceptance from the controlling authority prior to any road closure,
regardless of the duration.
2. Supplier shall make every effort to minimize road closures and traffic delays, and to schedule
road closures so they will not interfere with normal commute.

7.5 Work Around Existing Pipelines and Other Buried Facilities

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7.5.1 General
1. Extreme care shall be exercised by Supplier where pipeline construction work parallels or
crosses existing pipelines, cables, power lines, conduits, structures, or facilities owned by
Purchaser or others.
a. Supplier shall be responsible for locating such facilities before excavating and for
contacting authorities and property owners with information in this regard.
b. If Supplier damages or breaks any pipelines, cables, power lines, conduits, structures, or
facilities, Supplier shall fully indemnify and relieve Purchaser of any attendant personal
injury or property damage claims, as provided in the contract terms and conditions.
2. Purchaser shall attempt to provide Supplier with the most extensive information available as
to the location of existing pipelines, power lines, conduits, cables, structures, and facilities not
otherwise apparent. However, Purchaser shall not be held responsible for the accuracy or
completeness of such information or for any omission of information.
3. The absence of an existing facility on plans or drawings shall not relieve Supplier of the
responsibility to ascertain the existence of any underground or aboveground improvements
or facilities that may be subject to damage from operations.

7.5.2 Underground Service Alert Notification

1. Prior to extensive grading or excavation operation, Supplier shall advise underground service
alert center (or other underground utility locating services, where available) of the location of
the grading or excavation. Notification shall be a minimum of 48 hours before work
commences.
2. Supplier shall also notify the property owners of facilities or structures that will be exposed
during excavation or crossed by the new line at least 48 hours prior to excavation.

7.5.3 Locating Existing Pipelines

1. Where grading, ditching, or other work crosses or parallels existing pipelines (whether active
or inactive), Supplier shall locate and mark the pipeline, regardless of any prior work by
Purchaser or its surveyor.
a. Before any grading, including grubbing, Supplier shall locate pipelines with a portable
pipeline locator.
b. Location of existing lines shall be confirmed by give marking on (‘daylighting’) the top of
existing pipeline.
2. Supplier shall not expose existing pipelines unless Purchaser inspector is present.

7.5.4 Parallel Pipelines

1. Visual confirmation of the location of parallel Purchaser pipelines by daylighting the top half of
the existing pipeline shall be required at all horizontal points of intersection (PIs) greater than 3
degrees, at all foreign pipeline crossings.
2. Daylighting shall be done by hand.

7.5.5 Parallel to Electrical Power Line

1. In areas where the pipeline is parallel or adjacent to electrical transmission lines and facilities
Supplier shall exercise necessary care to avoid any conflict between equipment and
personnel, and the overhead electrical transmission lines and facilities.
2. Supplier shall be responsible for ensuring that power poles, guy wires, guy anchors, etc. are
moved in a timely fashion.

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7.5.6 Provision for Cathodic Protection Test Leads

1. Purchaser shall coordinate the installation of test leads for cathodic protection interference
testing between Purchaser’s new pipeline and any foreign steel pipeline being crossed.
a. This may require leaving the crossing exposed for several days until all interested parties
can be present.
b. This shall not be the basis for an adjustment to Supplier’s compensation.
2. Supplier shall not attempt to install any device or do any other work on pipeline crossings
without a Purchaser inspector present or prior written Purchaser acceptance.

7.6 Clean Up
1. Supplier shall keep a reasonable degree of order at work sites while performing work by
disposing of accumulated rubbish and excess material.
2. Upon completion of work, areas of Supplier’s work shall be cleared of debris, left over tools,
consumable supplies, and material that may have accumulated during Supplier’s work.
3. Where Supplier, after due notice, fails to keep work areas reasonably clean and safe, or fails
to clean these areas upon completion of work, Purchaser shall perform this work. The cost
of such work shall be deducted from Supplier’s compensation.
4. Excess pipe, other materials, and equipment supplied by or paid for by Purchaser shall be
picked up from the right-of-way and delivered to a designated Purchaser facility.
5. Roads, driveways, trails, gates, bridges or other structures, and access routes used and
damaged by Supplier during construction shall be left in good condition, replaced, or repaired
by Supplier.
6. Right-of-way shall be returned to original condition, if possible.

7.7 Night Caps

Unattended, open ends of pipeline sections shall be closed or plugged immediately by using a night
cap accepted by Purchaser to prevent dirt, debris, or animals from entering the pipe.

8.0 Construction Route Marking, Line Inventory, and Surveying

8.1 General Construction Marking
1. Purchaser shall set markers at intervals along the route to identify pipeline alignment and may
indicate approximate locations for existing parallel or crossing Purchaser pipelines.
2. Supplier shall set additional markers to establish the pipeline alignment and the construction
right-of-way, as required for construction activities.
3. Supplier shall re-establish the survey line and restore markers knocked out or lost prior to
ditching the line, or section thereof. Markers at reference points for survey control points,
such as PIs, shall not be disturbed or covered by Supplier’s operations.

8.2 Line Inventory

Purchaser shall measure the as-built length of pipeline and stationing of appurtenances.

9.0 Horizontal Directional Drilling

Pipelines constructed by horizontal directional drilling (HDD) shall conform to the
requirements of PHR-PPL-SPC-105202.

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10.0 Fencing, Clearing, and Grading

10.1 Fences
1. Fence posts shall not be installed in close proximity to a pipeline, but shall be spaced at
maximum intervals away from the pipeline,
2. Chain link fencing at scraper traps, mainline valves, and other appurtenance sites, as shown
on drawings, shall be installed per PIP CVS02830.

10.2 Brush and Tree Removal

1. Supplier shall remove brush and timber from the right-of-way, as necessary, prior to disturbing
the topsoil.
2. Supplier shall make every effort to minimize tree cutting and brush removal. This shall include
minor pipeline alignment changes as directed by Purchaser.

10.3 Debris Disposal

1. Purchaser shall develop a waste management plan with consideration of local regulations.
2. If a waste management plan is not provided to the Supplier by the Purchaser, then the Supplier
shall adhere to the following requirements:
a. Trees, brush, stumps, or other material shall not be pushed from the construction right-
of-way.
b. Supplier may chip non-merchantable timber, stumps, brush, etc., and stockpile it along the
right-of-way for use in restoration.

10.4 Topsoil Segregation

1. After trees and shrubs have been removed as necessary, 6 inches (152 mm) of native topsoil
(including grasses and very small brush) shall be removed from the construction right-of-way
and stockpiled upslope from the graded right-of-way.
2. Topsoil from deep cuts made to achieve a graded work area shall also be stockpiled upslope
from the graded right-of-way.
3. A drainage diversion ditch shall be installed upslope from the native topsoil stockpile.
4. Care shall be taken to minimize ground cover disturbance at the edge of the construction right-
of-way.

10.5 Slope Limits

Cut slopes shall not be steeper than 1:1 without Purchaser acceptance.

10.6 Side Cast Materials

Supplier shall make every effort to contain side cast materials, which may require installing
temporary fences and/or retaining walls to prevent damage by falling material and to limit the
work area required for final grading and restoration.

11.0 Ditching
11.1 Character of Ditch and Depth of Cover

11.1.1 General
1. Ditch shall be of sufficient width and aligned to allow pipe to lay within, without straining the
pipe and without damage to corrosion protective coatings.

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2. Except as otherwise specified in this specification or drawings, the ditch shall provide minimum
cover between the top of the pipe and the original or final ground surface, whichever is lower,
or local government requirements if more stringent.

11.1.2 Watercourse Crossings

1. At rivers, streams, ditches, washes, and gullies, ditch shall be dug to allow pipe to gradually
sag into and rise away from the lowest point.
2. Overbends adjacent to such crossings and sag bends at the crossings shall not be permitted.
3. The minimum cover between high water limits of water courses, both natural and
constructed, shall be 60 inches (1524 mm), unless otherwise indicated in project permit
drawings or scope.

11.1.3 Bedding
1. The bottom of the ditch shall be free of sharp rocks, debris, or any foreign material that might
damage protective coatings.
2. The bottom of the ditch shall be graded and bedded so that it will afford sufficient bearing to
support the pipe without visible deflection along its length.
a. A bedding of 3 inches (76 mm) or more of loose dirt or sand shall be provided at no
additional cost to Purchaser in areas where the native soil contains rocks or does not
otherwise provide adequate bedding.
b. Bedding shall not contain rocks larger than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter.
c. Topsoil stockpiled during clearing and grading shall not be used for bedding.
3. Purchaser shall designate on project drawings where there is extensive continuous rock and
where it is not considered economical to segregate or import suitable bedding.
4. Supplier shall provide and install double-thick, heavy-duty Purchaser-accepted ‘rockshield’
around the pipe in lieu of placing dirt or sand bedding.

11.2 Protection at Open Ditches

1. Supplier shall provide suitable barricades or fencing around open ditches in areas
2. Open ditches within 20 feet (6.1 m) of paved roads may require flagmen and signs to control
and alert traffic.

11.3 Shoring and Bracing

Shoring and bracing shall meet the requirements of PHR-SDP-SPC-105106.
Note: Shoring and bracing is critical to the safety of construction workers. Fatalities can
result if shoring and bracing is ignored.

11.4 Existing Pipelines, Other Structures, and/or Electrical Cabling

Note: See Section 7.6 for information regarding Supplier’s responsibility to locate existing
buried facilities and provisions for cathodic protection test leads.
1. Minimum clearance between crossed lines, other structures, and electrical cabling shall be
12 inches (304.8 mm), except where Purchaser accepts less in writing.
2. New construction shall be installed underneath existing pipelines and shall follow the minimum
clearance requirements.
3. Supplier shall comply with the crossing requirements of owners of other pipelines or facilities if
those requirements are more stringent than requirements set forth in this specification.

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11.5 Rock Excavation and Blasting

11.5.1 General
1. Where excavation for grading or ditching is in loose or solid rock, extreme care shall be
exercised so as not to scatter loose rock or cause damage to property.
2. If loose rock is scattered in tillable lands, Supplier shall pick up and dispose of such rock.

11.5.2 Ditching Where Rock is Encountered

1. Where continuous rock is encountered for distances greater than 100 feet (30.5 m) at a
depth that will not permit the minimum cover specified for normal ditching operations, less
cover may be permitted with Purchaser written authorization, but none less than required by
ASME B31.4 or CFR Title, Part 195 for liquid lines, and ASME B31.8 or CFR Title 49, Part 192 for
gas lines.
2. Reduction of normal minimum depth of cover may only be considered when excavation
cannot be accomplished with rippers, rooters, plows, or other similar equipment.

11.5.3 Blasting
1. Where Purchaser and Supplier agree that no other acceptable means of excavation is
available and blasting is allowed, Supplier shall develop and present a blasting plan for
Purchaser’s review and acceptance prior to blasting.
2. When blasting is in loose or solid rock, extreme care shall be exercised so as not to scatter
loose rock over the right-of-way and cultivated fields, or to cause damage.
a. Shots shall be blanketed when in the vicinity of cultivated fields, or in places where there
is danger to persons, telephone or electric power pole lines, or other property.
b. Care shall be taken to completely protect pipe or other material along the right-of-way.
3. Supplier shall obtain all permits required for blasting materials and work.

11.6 Topsoil Segregation

1. In cultivated agricultural areas, topsoil overlaying infertile material shall be separately
excavated and placed so that it may be replaced into the upper portion of the backfill.

11.7 Restricted Use of Excavation Equipment

1. Purchaser may require the ditch to be excavated with special light equipment in the following
situations:
a. Where shrubbery, fruit trees, or valuable growing timber is encountered in the
construction right-of-way.
b. In locations where, in the opinion of Purchaser, the use of normal trenching equipment
may result in unnecessary damage or injury to property, or where excessive sidecuts and
excavations would be required.
2. Where foreseen or indicated on project drawings, this shall be done at no additional cost to
Purchaser.
3. Where the pipeline crosses existing lines, Supplier shall locate and expose these existing lines
by hand prior to performing any other work at that location.
4. Supplier shall not expose the crossing pipelines unless Purchaser inspector or pipeline owner’s
representative is present. See Section 7.3 and Section 7.6.

11.8 Pavement Removal

1. In removing pavement and base, edges of trenches and excavations shall be saw-cut to form

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smooth, parallel, clean lines.

2. Supplier shall perform the work in accordance with project specifications or other
requirements to the complete satisfaction of the controlling authorities or property owner and
tenants involved.

12.0 Stringing
12.1 Handling of Pipe
Loading out, hauling, and stringing of pipe along the construction right-of-way shall be done so as
not to damage the coating, dent the pipe, or scar the bevels. See Section 6.3.

12.2 Changes in Pipe/Coating

1. Stringing shall conform to stationing locations specified on alignment sheets for changes in
pipe size, wall thickness, grade, and type of coating.
2. Deviations from these locations shall be accepted by Purchaser in writing.
3. Supplier shall report stationings as actually strung to Purchaser inspector the same day as
strung.

12.3 Wall-Thickness Transitions

1. Joint design for pipe with wall thicknesses exceeding 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) mismatch shall
conform to Figure 434.8.6-2 (Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Unequal Wall
Thicknesses) in ASME B31.4 or Figure I5 (Acceptable Design for Unequal Wall Thicknesses)
in ASME B31.8.
2. If thicker-wall pipe or fitting is the same or higher grade as the thinner wall pipe, its inside wall
shall be ground to a smooth 4:1 taper.
3. If the thicker wall pipe or fitting is the lower grade, a transition piece made of the same grade
as the thinner wall pipe and with a wall thickness equal to the thicker wall pipe or fitting shall
be used.
4. The length of transition pieces shall be 1.5 times the pipe diameter (12-inch [305-mm]
minimum) up through NPS 24 (DN 600), and 1 times the pipe diameter for larger sizes.
5. Both ends shall be beveled for butt-welding, with an internal 4:1 machined taper to match the
internal diameter of the thinner wall pipe.
6. The transition pieces shall be clearly marked with the pipe size, grade of material, and wall
thickness at each end of the transition piece.

12.4 Sequence with Ditching

Stringing shall not precede normal ditching operations or blasting unless specifically accepted by
Purchaser in writing.

12.5 Tee Connections

Bars shall be installed in tee connections in accordance with PHR-PPL-GTA-10L99880 unless
specifically accepted by Purchaser in writing.

13.0 Bending
13.1 Field Bends
1. Supplier shall make field bends so that the pipe will conform to the bottom of the ditch. Pipe

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shall not be bent prior to ditching unless accepted by Purchaser in writing.

2. Bending equipment shall be suitably designed and adequately padded to avoid damage to pipe
coating.
3. An internal mandrel shall be used if needed to produce smooth bends and shall be used for
bending insulated pipe.
4. Hot bending, miters, and wrinkle bends shall not be permitted.

13.2 Field Bend Limits

13.2.1 Minimum Radius of Bends
1. Unless otherwise accepted by Purchaser, the radius of field bends in feet or meters shall not
be less than those shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Radius of Bends

Coating Radius
For extruded plastic-film coating 2.4 × pipe NPS (DN)
For FBE coating 3.2 × pipe NPS (DN)
For coal-tar enamel coating 4.8 × pipe NPS (DN)
For insulated pipe and bare pipe to be tape- 9.6 × pipe NPS (DN)
wrapped over the ditch

2. Tighter bends up to limits permitted by ASME B31.4, Section 434.7.1 (Bends Made From Pipe)
and ASME B31.8, Section 841.2.3 (Bends, Elbows, and Miters in Steel Pipelines and Mains)
shall only be made with written Purchaser acceptance.

13.2.2 Diameter Reduction Limit

The pipe diameter at bends shall not be reduced by more than 2.5 percent of the nominal pipe
diameter.

13.2.3 Wall Thickness Reduction Limit

1. Pipe wall thickness after bending shall not be less than the minimum permitted by the
specification under which the pipe was manufactured.
2. For seamless pipe with varying wall thickness around the circumference, the thinnest wall
thickness of the pipe joint shall be at the inside of the bend.
3. For API 5L pipe, the minimum wall thickness shall be taken as the nominal wall thickness minus
the tolerance given in the API 5L table on tolerances for wall thicknesses (Table 11) or the
project piping material line classes specification.

13.2.4 Minimum Tangent Length

Minimum tangent length of straight pipe at each end of a bent joint shall be 6 feet (1.8 m).

13.3 Cold Weather Precautions

1. When atmospheric temperature is below 40ºF (4.4ºC), the pipe shall be preheated to 60ºF
(15.5ºC), measured by temp sticks before bending.
2. The pipe shall be preheated to a distance of 3 feet (0.9 m) on either side of the bend and the
heat shall be maintained during the bending operation.
3. Surface temperature of coated pipe shall not exceed 120ºF (48.9ºC), measured with temp
sticks.

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4. Bends shall be made smoothly and slowly without sudden strains.

13.4 Shop-Fabricated Bends

Shop-fabricated bends furnished by Purchaser shall be installed in the line by Supplier as
indicated on drawings.

13.5 Sizing Test for Bends

1. Pipe bends, both shop-fabricated and field bent, shall be checked before being welded into
the line by pulling a sizing plate completely through the bent section.
a. Sizing plate assembly shall be furnished by Supplier and accepted by Purchaser.
b. Sizing plate shall be 3/8-inch (9.5-mm) thick steel plate.
c. Assembly shall maintain the sizing plate in a position normal to the longitudinal axis of the
pipe.
2. The diameter of the plate shall be 97 percent of the nominal internal diameter of the pipe.
Each sizing plate shall be stamped with the pipe size, nominal wall thickness, and plate
diameter.

14.0 Line-Up
14.1 Internal Obstructions
1. Before welding, the inside of each length of pipe shall be thoroughly examined to ensure that
it is free of dirt, animals, or other obstructions.
2. If dirty or obstructed in any way, the pipe shall be swabbed out before being welded into the
pipeline.

14.2 Longitudinal Weld Seams

1. When lining up pipe with a longitudina l weld seam, the pipe shall be aligned and welded so
that the seam will be located on the upper surface of the line and within 30 degrees of top
center.
2. Successive joints shall be rotated to the right or left to avoid aligning the seams in adjacent
joints, and shall have a minimum distance between seams at the joint of 2 inches (
50.8 mm).

14.3 Temporary Pipe Supports (Skids)

1. Temporary pipe supports of sufficient strength, size, and number shall be used to support the
pipe alongside the ditch, or when necessary over the ditch without collapsing the ditch.
2. Special pads, accepted by Purchaser, shall be placed between the supports and coated pipe
to prevent coating damage resulting from weight and thermal expansion of the pipe.
3. The spacing of the supports shall be such that loads on individual supports will not cause
coating damage.

15.0 Pipe Welding

1. Welding of the pipeline and associated piping facilities shall conform to the requirements of
API 1104.
2. Cellulosic electrodes for welding piping materials up to and including X65 base metal strength
shall be limited to a maximum of E70XX electrode strength level. Proposed cellulosic welding
procedures shall be submitted to the Purchaser for review and

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acceptance.
3. The use of cellulosic electrodes shall be limited to a maximum of 3/4-inch (19-mm) wall
thickness.
4. E70XX-G or E80XX-G classification cellulosic electrodes shall not be used.
5. Low hydrogen electrodes of E7018 or E7018-1 classifications may be used when qualified.
6. The use of other electrodes such as E8018-XX shall require specific review and acceptance
by Purchaser’s materials or welding engineer.

15.1 Welding Procedure Qualification

Welding procedure qualification shall be in accordance with API 1104, Section 5.0 (Qualification of
Welding Procedures with Filler Metal Additions), Section 12.0 (Mechanized Welding with Filler
Metal Additions), and the following sub-sections.

15.1.1 Procedure Specifications by Purchaser

1. Purchaser shall provide welding procedure specification(s) with supporting procedure
qualifications, date, or revision number as appropriate.
Note: See PHR-WEM-PRC-106089 for welding procedure specifications qualified to API
1104.
2. Supplier shall have the option to propose alternative procedure specifications, subject to
Purchaser acceptance. In this case, and for welding situations not covered by procedure
specifications, Supplier shall qualify procedures in accordance with Section 15.1.2 through
Section 15.1.4 below.

15.1.2 Procedure Specifications by Supplier

1. Supplier shall submit for Purchaser review and acceptance a procedure specification for each
essential variable grouping on forms similar to API 1104, Figure 1 (Sample Welding Procedure
Specification Form) at least 14 days before scheduled pipeline welding work.
2. The procedure specifications shall be accepted by Purchaser before Supplier makes
qualification test welds.
3. Procedure specifications shall cover all welding situations anticipated for the project, such as
new pipe to new pipe, new pipe to existing pipe, branch connections, and repair welding, and
shall cover the sizes, wall thicknesses, and grades of pipe and fittings for the project.
15.1.3 Test Joints and Testing
1. Welding of test joints and testing shall be in accordance with API 1104, Section 5.5 (Welding
of Test Joints—Butt Welds), Section 5.6 (Testing of Welded Joints—
Butt Welds), and Section 13.6 (Qualification of Welding Equipment and Operators).
2. Testing shall be done by an independent testing laboratory accepted by Purchaser.
3. Coupon test reports shall be on forms similar to API 1104, Figure 2 (Sample Coupon Test
Report).
4. Purchaser’s inspector shall witness welding of test joints, review, and accept or reject the
test results.
5. Supplier shall supply test joints and notify Purchaser of time and place of qualification welding
at least 4 weeks inadvance.
15.1.4 Acceptance of Procedures
1. Procedures with accepted test results shall be submitted to Purchaser for final acceptance.
a. Purchaser shall reserve the right to reject any procedure that, in Purchaser’s opinion, will
not produce acceptable welds.
b. Acceptance by Purchaser shall not alter Supplier’s responsibility for producing acceptable

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welds.
2. Qualified and accepted procedures shall be adhered to during construction.
a. If Supplier proposes a change in essential variables requiring a new procedure, the new
procedure shall be qualified and accepted.
b. In the event Purchaser rejects a procedure during the course of the work, Supplier shall
immediately cease production welding per that procedure until the rejected procedure is
remedied and replaced by a new qualified and accepted procedure.
3. Costs of procedure qualifications and testing shall be at Supplier’s expense, except that
Purchaser shall provide line pipe for test qualifications.

15.2 Welder Qualification

15.2.1 General
1. Welder qualification shall be in accordance with API 1104, Section 6.0 (Qualification of
Welders) and the following:
a. All welders employed or engaged by Supplier for pipeline welding shall successfully
complete either the single or multiple qualification test for each of the previously qualified
welding procedures.
b. Welder qualification for butt welds by radiography per API 1104, Section 6.6
(Nondestructive Testing [NDT]—Butt Welds Only) shall not be permissible except by
Purchaser’s written direction for exceptional circumstances.
c. Welders shall be qualified by destructive mechanical testing for compressor station piping
constructed to ASME B31.8.
2. Testing shall be done by an independent testing laboratory accepted by Purchaser.
a. Results shall be reported on forms similar to API 1104, Figure 2 (sample Coupon Test
Report).
b. Purchaser inspector shall witness test welding, review test results, and promptly notify
Supplier as to the qualification or failure to qualify of each welder.
c. Supplier shall notify Purchaser of time and location of qualification test welding at least 2
days in advance.
d. Cost of welding tests and testing shall be at Supplier’s expense, except Purchaser shall
provide line pipe for test qualifications.
e. Qualification testing of butt welds shall be volumetrically inspected and destructively
tested.

15.2.2 Qualified Welders

1. Welder shall be qualified tested for the type and method of welding to be performed.
2. Multiple qualifications shall be required for welders performing branch connection or doing
manifold fabrication welding.
3. A welder making a successful procedure qualification test weld shall be automatically qualified
for that procedure.

15.2.3 Additional Tests

1. Welders shall be qualified tested again if there is any change in the essential variables for
welder qualification.
2. Purchaser shall reserve the right to require and witness additional tests at any time if there is
doubt about the competence of a welder.
3. Purchaser shall reimburse Supplier for the cost of such additional tests only if the test ispassed.
4. Welders who do not pass qualification tests shall not be permitted to perform welding on the

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remainder of the project.

15.3 Welder Identification

1. Supplier shall issue an identification number to each qualified welder.
a. Each weld made by that welder shall be identified.
b. Any weld worked on by more than one welder shall be identified by the number of each
welder participating in the weld.
2. All welds shall be marked by each welder using an ink or ‘paint stick’ pipe marker on the top
quarter of the pipe with the assigned identification number, and shall clearly designate each
area that each welder has welded, including passes.
a. Any weld not identified by the welder(s) shall be subject to cutout at Supplier’s expense.
b. Supplier shall keep Purchaser supplied with an up-to-date list of the identification numbers,
welders’ names, and procedure(s) and scope for which welder is qualified.
c. If a welder leaves the job, the identification number shall not be reassigned.

15.4 Production Welding

Production welding, including tie ins, branch connections, and manifold fabrication, shall be
performed in accordance with API 1104, Section 7.0 (Design and Preparation of a Joint for
Production of Welding), the applicable ASME Code (i.e., ASME B31.4 or ASME B31.8),
applicable federal and state regulations, and the following sub-sections:

15.4.1 Surface Cleaning and Bevel Preparation

1. Internal and external surfaces of each pipe shall be machine buffed for a nominal distance of
2 inches (50.8 mm) from the bevel to remove rust, scale, dirt, or other foreign materials
before aligning for welding.
2. Grinding shall not be used for this purpose.
3. Bevels shall be buffed or wire brush cleaned to a bright finish prior to welding.
4. Beveled ends damaged during handling shall be satisfactorily repaired or re-beveled.
5. Pieces of pipe that have been previously cut off for tie-ins or other reasons shall be re-beveled
before welding.
6. If the use of air-driven tools results in an oil film on the bevels, the oil film shall be removed
using a suitable solvent.

15.4.2 Pipe Material Flaws and Defects

Welder or welder’s supervisor shall report and Purchaser inspector shall be notified whenever
any flaws, laminations, inclusions, etc., in the pipe material or other defects such as dents or arc
burns are found during the cleaning, beveling, or welding operations.

15.4.3 Arc Burns

1. Supplier shall ensure that arcing does not occur between the ground leads of the welding
machines and the pipe, fittings, or the alignment clamp.
2. Striking an arc on the pipe or fittings at any point other than the welding groove shall not be
permitted.
3. Any arc burn shall be removed by cutting out a cylinder of pipe containing the arc burn not less
than 1.5 times the pipe diameter in length (12 inches [204.8 mm] minimum) for sizes through
NPS 24 (DN 600), and one time pipe diameter for larger sizes.
4. In some cases, arc burns may be removed by grinding, etching for removal, and magnetic
particle tested with Purchaser review and acceptance.

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15.4.4 Preheating
1. Pipe ends shall be preheated to 100ºF (37.8ºC) minimum when the atmospheric temperature
is below 50ºF (10ºC) or when pipe is wet or damp.
2. A minimum preheat of 200ºF (93.3ºC) shall be maintained during welding under the following
conditions:
a. When the atmospheric temperature is below 40ºF (4.4ºC).
1) The normal welding procedure technique shall be augmented. Once started, the weld
shall be completed in a continuous operation, without allowing the stringer bead or
subsequent pass to cool below 60ºF (15.6ºC).
2) If either of these passes cools below 60ºF (15.6ºC) while slag, scale, or oxide is being
removed, the pipe shall be reheated for a distance of 3 inches (76.2 mm) on either
side of the weld to 200ºF (93.3ºC) minimum.
b. For all repair welds, except for recapping or backwelding. Repair welds shall be
preheated in the area of repair, extending a minimum of 3 inches (76.2 mm) beyond
the ends of the repair cavity.
c. When, for any reason, specific welding procedure and material combinations are
necessary to alleviate existing conditions that would limit the welding technique or
adversely affect the quality of the weld.
d. Any welding with cellulosic electrodes.
3. Preheating shall be accomplished by a method acceptable to Purchaser and shall cover a
band at least 3 inches (76.2 mm) wide on each side of the weld.
4. The minimum preheat temperature shall be maintained throughout the welding and shall be
checked frequently by use of temperature indicating crayons.
5. Welders shall have crayons on hand during preheat operations.

15.4.5 Weather Conditions

1. In the case of cold, windy, or stormy weather, Supplier shall provide protection for the welding
and shall protect the welds from sudden variations in temperature until welds have cooled.
2. Welding shall not be performed when Purchaser inspector judges the weather is unsuitable
for welding operations.

15.4.6 Protection of Pipe Coating

1. Nonflammable sleeves at least 18 inches (457 mm) wide shall be wrapped around coated pipe
adjacent to the weld area during welding to prevent damage to the coating by weld splatter.
2. Sleeves shall be held in place to make an all-around snugfit.

15.5 Production Weld Examination and Testing

1. Inspection of pipeline girth welds shall be in accordance with API 1104, Section 7.0 (Design and
Preparation of a Joint for Production Welding), Section 8.0 (Inspection and Testing of
Production Welds), Section 9.0 (Acceptable Standards for NDT), Section 11.0 (Procedures for
Nondestructive Testing [NDT]), Table 3, and Table 4.
Table 3: Girth Weld Nondestructive Testing Requirements
Nondestructive Tests
Description
Air or Water Pressure Ultrasonic Testing (UT) Visual Testing (VT)
Testing or Radiographic Testing
(RT)

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Girth welds 100% 100% 100%

Table 4: Branch Welds Nondestructive Testing Requirements

Nondestructive Tests

Description Air or Water Pressure UT or, RT, and Liquid Visual Testing (VT)
Testing (Dye) Penetrant or
Magnetic Particle
Testing (MT)
Branch welds 100% 100% 100%

2. All girth weld inspection shall be for 100 percent of the circumference.
3. Weld acceptability by nondestructive testing shall be in accordance with API 1104, Section 9.0
(Acceptable Standards for NDT) as modified by the following:
a. Radiographic inspection shall be performed per PPL-SU-1564 and automatic ultrasonic
testing (AUT) shall be performed per PHR-PPL-PRC-105312.
b. Cracks shall not be permitted.
c. For pipelines in sour service, inadequate penetration shall be as defined in API 1104,
Section 9.3.1 (Inadequate Penetration Without High-low [IP]) and Section 9.3.2
(Inadequate Penetration Due to High-low [IPD]).
1) Lack of fusion shall be as defined in API 1104, Section 9.3.4 (Incomplete Fusion [IF]).
2) Root pass undercutting shall be as defined in API 1104, Section 9.3.11 (Undercutting).
d. Radiograph interpretation shall be performed by the radiographic head technician unless
otherwise specified, and shall be qualified as a minimum to Level III radiographic
examination in accordance with ASNT SNT-TC-1A or equivalent (the ASNT Central
Certification Program™ [ACCP], ASNT CP-189, ISO 9712) and Purchaser inspector’s
instructions.
e. Purchaser shall reserve the right to reject any weld, in accordance with API 1104, Section
9.2 (Rights of Rejection).
4. At any time, Purchaser may sample and test field girth welds to ensure that the required
quality and mechanical properties are maintained.
a. Welds shall be destructively tested per API 1104.
b. Cost of cut-out, test, reweld, and subsequent radiography shall be borne by Purchaser if
the weld passes the test, or by Supplier if the weld fails the test.

15.6 Repair or Removal of Defective Welds

1. Repair or cut-out of defective welds shall be in accordance with API 1104, Section 10.0 (Repair
and Removal of Defects).
2. Defective welds may be repaired or cut out at Supplier’s discretion, unless Purchaser
inspector directs that the defective weld shall be cut out.

15.6.1 Repairs
1. Welds shall be repaired within the following limits:
a. Flame gouging shall not be used to remove the defective area.
b. Air arc gouging may be used to remove flaws provided that the procedure and welder are
qualified to perform this repair.

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c. An area covering a minimum of 3 inches (76.2 mm) on each side of the repair shall be
preheated to 200°F (93.3°C) and maintained during welding.
d. All repair cavities shall be a minimum of 2 inches (50.8 mm) in length and taper shall be 4
to 1.
e. Only one repair shall be allowed in any given area of the weld.
f. Repairs to previous repairs shall not be permitted.
2. Repair of cracks shall not be permitted.
15.6.2 Cut-Outs
1. Whenever cutting out a weld leaves the two ends of the pipe so that they cannot be properly
spaced without damaging the line, they shall be joined by welding in a short piece of pipe not
less than 1.5 times the pipe diameter (12 inch [304.8 mm] minimum) for sizes through NPS 24
(DN 600), and one times the pipe diameter for larger sizes.
2. The two new welds shall be radiographed and accepted in the same manner as production
welds.

15.6.3 Excessive Repairs andCut-Outs

1. When a high rate of unacceptable welding occurs, Purchaser may direct Supplier to cease
production welding until the cause is identified and remedied, by revising the welding
procedure or removing the welder(s) responsible for poor workmanship from the job.
2. Under normal circumstances, Purchaser shall consider more than one repair or reject per
ten welds to be a high rate of unacceptable welding.

15.6.4 Costs
Costs for repairs, cut-outs, and additional radiography or other nondestructive testing to
examine the repaired welds and the new welds at cut-outs shall be at Supplier’s expense.

16.0 Coatings
Coatings of pipeline and associated piping facilities shall conform to NACE SP0169 and PHR-
COM-SPC-104042.

16.1 General
16.1.1 Handling of Shop-Coated Pipe
1. Supplier shall take special care in handling coated pipe to avoid damage to the coating.
2. Purchaser’s acceptance of Supplier’s proposed method for stacking and handling coated pipe
shall not relieve Supplier of the responsibility to test coating and repairs.

16.1.2 Storage and Protection ofCoating Materials

Coating materials shall be stored and handled by Supplier according to manufacturer’s
instructions and recommendations.

16.1.3 Inspection and Testing of Coating

1. Pipe coating shall be cleaned and tested by Supplier using suitable holiday detection equipment
after fields joints are applied.
a. As a minimum, coating shall be inspected visually and electrically tested (‘jeeped’), first
after field joints are applied and visual damages have been repaired, and then behind the
last lowering in cradle.

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b. Voltage levels shall be in accordance with NACE SP0274 or as directed by Purchaser. For
FBE coating, voltage levels shall be in accordance with NACE SP0490 or as directed by
Purchaser.
c. Supplier’s proposed testing equipment and procedure shall be submitted to Purchaser
for acceptance at least 10 days prior to beginning of coating work.
d. Supplier shall have on hand suitable equipment to calibrate and verify voltage of the
holiday detection equipment.
2. Where pipe is not immediately shaded after lowering in, coating shall be visually inspected at
time of backfilling, and repairs shall be made before backfilling if coating is damaged.
3. Field joints shall be accepted by Purchaser inspector before pipe is lowered into the ditch.
4. All pipe coating inspection shall be documented using COM-EF-844 or similar format inspection
record.

16.1.4 Repair of Coating Damage and Defects

1. Coating damage and defects found visually or by jeeping shall be repaired by Supplier at no
additional cost to Purchaser, unless damage to Purchaser-furnished coated pipe is reported
to Purchaser at the time of receipt by Supplier and verified at that time by Purchaser
inspector.
2. Repair method shall be as specified in Section 16.2.
3. After coating repairs are made, the coating at the repair shall be jeeped.

16.1.5 Protective Coated Pipe at Cased and Uncased Crossings

1. Coating shall be as shown on drawings or as specified in Section 16.2.
2. Final jeeping of coated pipe, other than concrete-coated pipe, shall be done immediately
before installation at cased and uncased crossings, and shall be witnessed by Purchaser
inspector.

16.1.6 Coating at Aboveground-Underground Transition

1. Additional coating shall be applied over the specified protective coating from 1 foot (0.3 m)
above grade to 2 feet (0.6 m) below grade.
2. The additional coating shall be shrink sleeves per Section 16.3 or tape wrap per Section 16.4.
a. For FBE coated pipe, thermosetting epoxy shall be per Section 16.4.
b. For liquid epoxy coatings, the coating shall be per PHR-COM-SPC-105191, Coating System
9.5.

16.1.7 Training for Installation of Field Joints and Repairs

1. Prior to installing field joints or making repairs to damaged coating, Supplier shall have a
representative of the manufacturer supplying repair and field joint materials provide a site-
training session for all Supplier personnel who will perform joint coating or coating repair work.
2. Supplier shall notify Purchaser at least 3 days ahead as to the location and time of the training
session.

16.1.8 Weather Conditions

Application of coating, field joints and repairs, and holiday detection testing shall be performed in
accordance with the product manufacturer recommendations.

16.2 Project Coating Systems

1. Coating systems shall be shown on project drawings and project specifications.

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2. Field application shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and requirements of

this specification.

16.3 Shrink-Sleeve Field Joints

16.3.1 Materials
1. An anti-corrosion coating shall be applied prior to the application of heat shrink sleeves.
2. The anti-corrosion coating shall be in accordance with COM-SU-4042, Table 1 (List of Accepted
Powders).
3. Shrink sleeves shall be manufactured by either Raychem or Canusa.
4. Shrink sleeves with permanent thermochromic indicator color changes shall be
recommended. Shrink sleeves shall not be recommended for exposure to hydrocarbon-
soaked ground or hydrocarbon-contaminated ground water.
5. Storage conditions for shrink sleeves shall be specified to meet manufacturer’s
recommendations.
a. As a minimum, sleeves shall be stored in a ventilated building or sun shelter.
b. Improved storage, such as heated or air conditioned buildings, shall be provided if
necessary.
c. The sleeves shall be kept in their factory packaging or equivalent until they are ready for
use in order to keep dirt and other contaminants off the mastic.

16.3.2 Surface Preparation

1. Bare pipe and 3 inches (76.2 mm) of corrosion coating beyond the cutback shall be wiped
clean of any dirt, oil, or grease per SSPC SP 1.
2. Solvents such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and similar degreasers that leave an oily film shall
not be used.
3. Bare pipe surfaces shall be blast cleaned per SSPC SP 10.
4. Total conductivity shall be measured after blasting. The acceptable conductivity shall be a
maximum of 2 µg/cm2.
5. When viewed without magnification, surface shall be free of all visible oil, grease, dust, dirt,
mill scale, rust, coating, oxides, corrosion products and other foreign matter for at least 95
percent of each unit area.
6. Prepared surfaces shall be in accordance with SSPC VIS 1.
7. Surface irregularities, such as weld spatter and weld slag, shall be removed by filing. Removal
by grinding shall not be permitted.
8. For extruded plastic and similar thickness coatings, the end of shop-applied coating shall be
feathered at a minimum of 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) around the circumference.
a. Any frayed or loosened coating at the edges of the cutback shall be removed and the
firmly adhered coating shall be feathered.
b. For FBE coatings, the gloss shall be removed from a 3-inch (76.2-mm) wide band by
sanding or brush blasting. Wire brushing shall not be acceptable.
9. After cleaning, all dirt, grit, and other particles remaining on the prepared surfaces shall be
blown off with clean air from which all traces of water and oil have been removed or by other
effective means accepted by Purchaser.

16.3.3 Application
1. Shrink sleeve application shall be started within 20 minutes of cleaning.
a. Preheating shall be by propane torches or induction heaters.
b. Induction heaters shall be used for pipe over NPS 30 (DN 750) when high temperature

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sleeves of the heat activated type are to be installed.

2. After installing the shrink sleeve center on the joint area, and while the adhesive is still fluid, the
sleeve shall be rolled with a hard roller to remove entrapped air.
3. The sleeve shall be kept clean of dirt, contaminants, etc., until cured.
4. Contact pyrometers shall be used for all temperature measurements.
5. Temperature crayons shall not be acceptable as they leave a residue on the pipe.
6. During periods of bad weather (rain, high winds, etc.), cleaning and coating operations shall
only be allowed to continue if Purchaser-accepted protective canopies are used to keep the
pipe clean and dry.
a. Wind guards shall be used whenever needed to maintain proper preheat levels.
b. Guards shall extend out from the pipe at least 3 feet (0.9 m) or to the ground.
7. Sleeves not applied per manufacturer’s instructions, or in any way damaged, shall be
rejected, removed, and replaced.

16.4 Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coating on Field Joints

When FBE coating is specified for field joints (girth welds), Supplier shall apply the coating in
accordance with manufacturer’s instructions for application of epoxy and for use of specialized
induction heating and powder application equipment.

16.4.1 Materials
1. Acceptable thermosetting epoxy powder suppliers per PHR-COM-SPC-104042, Table 1 (List of
Accepted Powders) shall include the following:
a. Axalta®
b. 3M®
c. Akzo Nobel®
d. Jotun®
e. Valspar®
2. Supplier shall submit relevant information required by PHR-COM-SPC-104042 to Purchaser
at least 10 days before beginning of coating work.
3. Powder shall be stored in waterproof containers at a temperature less than 80°F (26.7°C),
shall be kept dry, and shall not be exposed to direct sunlight.

16.4.2 Surface Preparation

1. A 20-inch (508-mm) wide band centered over the weld shall be cleaned per SSPC SP 1.
Solvents such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and similar degreasers that leave an oily film shall
not be used.
2. Surface irregularities, such as weld spatter and weld slag, shall be removed by filing. Removal
by grinding shall not be permitted.
3. Bare metal surface shall be abrasive blasted to near white metal cleanliness per SSPC SP 10.
4. Total conductivity shall be measured after blasting. The acceptable conductivity shall be a
maximum of 2 µg/cm2.
5. Surface profile shall be 2–3 mils (50–75micrometers).
6. Gloss on the shop-applied FBE pipe coating that will be overlapped by the field coating shall be
removed by abrasive blasting or sanding. Wire brushes shall not be used.
7. Immediately after abrasive blasting and before any rust bloom on the prepared metal
surface, the area to be coated shall be cleaned by blowing with clean, dry, oil-free air, or by
other effective means accepted by Purchaser.

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16.4.3 Application
1. The cleaned area to be coated shall be immediately heated to the coating manufacturer’s
specified temperature using an induction heating coil.
2. Preheating temperatures shall be measured with contact pyrometers.
3. Temperature crayons shall not be used, as they leave a residue on the pipe.
4. When the specified metal temperature has been reached, the induction coil shall be removed
and the powder application equipment placed in position.
5. The machine shall apply powder at a minimum dry film thickness of 16 mils
(400 micrometers), the nominal thickness of the shop-applied FBE coating, or as specified on
the project specifications, in a minimum number of passes.
6. Care shall be taken to prevent the spray head, braces, hoses, etc., from dragging on the
ground during application operations.
7. Dirt or deleterious materials shall not contaminate the powder-coated area during the
application and curing stages.
8. During periods of bad weather (rain, high winds, etc.), cleaning and coating operations shall
only be allowed to proceed if protective canopies accepted by Purchaser are used.

16.5 Field Coating of Shop-Fabricated Bends, Fittings, Flanges, and Valves

Coating requirements and details shall be as shown on project drawings.

16.5.1 Materials
Acceptable coating systems shall include the following:
1. Hempel®
2. Tapecoat®
3. Denso®

16.5.2 Surface Preparation

1. Surfaces shall be cleaned per SSPC SP 1 with a solvent compatible with the tape wrap system
to be used.
2. Gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and similar degreasers that leave an oily film shall not be used.
3. Corrosion, loose rust, scale, dust, and dirt shall be removed per SSPC SP 10 or SSPC SP 3 if
acceptable by material manufacture in accordance with SSPC VIS 1.
4. After cleaning, all dirt, grit, and other particles remaining on the prepared surfaces shall be
blown off with clean, dry, oil-free air or by other effective means accepted by Purchaser.

16.6 Repairs to Fusion-Bonded Epoxy and Extruded Plastic Film

16.6.1 Materials and Application
Patch and repair materials shall be compatible with the specified coating system.

16.6.2 Surface Preparation

1. Damaged coating materials shall be removed and the remaining adhering coating shall be
feathered.
2. Bare pipe and 3 inches (76.2 mm) of sound coating shall be wiped clean of any dirt, oil, or
grease per SSPC SP 1.
3. Gasoline and kerosene shall not be used.
4. Bare pipe surfaces shall be cleaned per SSPC SP 10.
5. When viewed without magnification, surface shall be free of all visible oil, grease, dust, dirt,
mill scale, rust, coating, oxides, corrosion products, and other foreign matter for at least 95

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percent of each unit area.

6. Joint area surfaces shall be cleaned in accordance with SSPC VIS 1.
7. The sound coating adjacent to the defect shall be roughened using at least the equivalent of
80 grit emery paper.
8. After cleaning, all dirt, grit, and other particles remaining on the prepared surfaces shall be
blown off with clean, dry, oil-free air, or by other effective means accepted by Purchaser.
9. Repair application shall be within 20 minutes of cleaning.

16.6.3 Repairs to Fusion-BondedEpoxy Coatings

1. A two-part liquid, catalytically-cured epoxy compatible with the FBE coating system shall be
applied.
2. Acceptable repair materials shall be per COM-SU-4042 (Table 1, List of Accepted Powders).
3. Repair coating shall overlap the adjacent sound coating by at least 1 inch (25.4 mm).
4. Freshly patch coated areas shall be allowed to cure fully for a minimum of 3 hours before
handling.
5. Alternatively, when shrink sleeves are applied at field joints and as accepted by Purchaser
inspector, a full-encirclement shrink sleeve per Section 16.4.3 may be applied, with an overlap
of at least 3 inches (76.2 mm).

16.6.4 Repairs to ExtrudedPlastic Film

1. For areas greater than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in any direction and closely spaced individual
holidays, a full-encirclement shrink sleeve shall be applied per Section 16.4.3.
2. Sleeves shall overlap the adjacent sound coating (or adjacent sleeve if more than one is
required) by at least 2 inches (50.8 mm).
3. For pinholes and damaged areas less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in any direction, mastic coating
shall be applied.
4. Acceptable coatings shall include Tapecoat® TC Mastic or Purchaser-accepted equal.

16.6.5 Repairs to Tape WrapCoatings

1. For areas larger than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in any direction, the same primer and tape as the
wrapped coating shall be applied.
a. Tape shall overlap the adjacent sound coating by at least 2 inches (50.8 mm).
b. Repair tape on tape overlap shall be at least 1 inch (25.4 mm).
2. For pinholes and damaged areas less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in any direction, mastic coating
shall be applied.
3. Acceptable coating shall include Royston Roskote 213, Tapecoat® TC Mastic, or Purchaser-
accepted equal.

16.7 Coating of Cad-welded Anode and Test Lead Connections

16.7.1 Materials and Application
Acceptable coating materials shall include the following:
1. AkzoNobel
2. Canusa®
3. Denso
4. 3M
5. Carboline Kop-Coat®

16.7.2 Surface Preparation

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Surface preparation at these connections shall be the same as described in Section 16.5.2.

16.8 Concrete-Coating Field Joints

Concrete-coating field joints of the pipeline and associated piping facilities shall conform to
the requirements of PHR-PPL-SPC-102005 or PHR-PPL-SPC-102014, as applicable.

16.8.1 Materials
1. Concrete mix proportioned for minimum compressive strength of 5000 psi (344.8 bar) in 28
days shall be accepted by Purchaser.
2. Component materials shall be as follows:
a. Portland cement conforming to ASTM C150/C150M, Type II.
b. Sand and aggregate clean and graded, free from salt, alkali, deleterious material, or
organic impurities conforming to ASTM C33/C33M.
c. Clean fresh water, free from oil, alkali, and organic or other deleterious matter, containing
no more than 250 ppm of chlorides.
3. If rapid setting concrete is required, Quikrete® 5000 or Purchaser-accepted equal shall be
used.
4. Reinforcement shall be 1 1/2 × 1 1/2 inch (38.1 × 38.1 mm), No. 17 American Wire Gauge
(AWG) galvanized, woven wire mesh, conforming to ASTM A390.

16.8.2 Application
1. Wire reinforcing mesh shall be placed approximately midway within the thickness of concrete
coating.
a. The mesh shall not come into contact with the steel pipe.
b. Plastic or concrete spacers shall be used under the mesh.
2. Concrete shall be mixed, placed, and cured in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommended procedures.
3. Molds shall be removed after concrete is set.

17.0 Lowering In, Backfilling, Tie-Ins, Restoration

17.1 General
1. Supplier shall cooperate with Purchaser and surveyors to ensure that inventory and location
measurements have been recorded before the pipe is lowered in and backfilled.
2. The pipeline shall conform to the bottom of the ditch at a depth providing at least the specified
minimum cover. See Section 11.1.
3. Pipe with buckles, wrinkles, distortion, flattening, gouging, grooves, notches, dents exceeding
those allowed by ASME B31.4 or ASME B31.8, or other damage shall not be laid.
a. A dent containing a stress concentrator, such as a scratch, gouge, groove, or arc burn
shall be removed.
b. Damaged pipe shall be removed at Supplier’s expense and the value of pipe and coating
shall be deducted from Supplier’s compensation.

17.2 Lowering-In
1. Pipe shall not be lowered into the ditch until protective coatings have been applied and
satisfactorily tested, and the ditch bottom has been properly prepared to receive the pipe
without damaging the coating.

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2. Preparation of the ditch shall include the following:

a. Removing all scrap materials and loose rock.
b. Providing 3 inches (76.2 mm) of select bedding wherever natural soil is not rock free.
c. Providing ‘rock shield’ per Section 11.1.4, if specified by Purchaser.
3. The pipeline shall be lowered into the ditch in such a manner that the proper amount of slack
is secured, taking into consideration ambient temperatures and design operating
temperature of the pipeline.
4. Coated pipe shall not be lowered into the trench until it has been inspected and accepted by
Purchaser.
5. During the lowering operations, coated pipe shall be handled using lowering belts.
a. The minimum width of lowering belts shall be equal to the diameter of the pipe being
handled.
b. Belts shall be made of proper material and shall not contain protruding rivets or other
protrusions that may cause damage to the protective coating.

17.3 Backfilling
1. Backfilling shall proceed without delay after shading so as to minimize hazards and
interruptions to surface use of the land.
Note: Refer to Section 17.3.1 for definition of shading. Refer to Section 17.3.4 for
compaction requirements.
2. Care shall be taken not to injure protective coating on the pipe.
3. If there is rock or hard material larger than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in diameter in the backfill, select
dirt or sand shall be placed at least 6 inches (152.4 mm) around and on top of the pipe before
filling the ditch with material containing rock or hard material.
4. Rock or hard material in the backfill which, in the opinion of Purchaser, will damage the pipe
coating when backfilled around the pipe, shall be considered rock or hard material.
5. Purchaser’s opinion shall depend upon type of backfill material, method of backfill, nature of
ditch, and type of pipe coating.
6. Remaining backfill may contain rock, but shall be graded so that rock in the next 12 inches
(304.8 mm) of backfill (within 18 inches [457.2 mm] of pipe) is less than 6 inches
(152.4 mm) in diameter.
7. In cultivated agricultural areas where topsoil has been segregated in ditching operations, the
topsoil shall be placed in the upper part of the backfill. See Section 11.6.
8. A 6- to 12-inch (152.4- to 304.8-mm) berm of soil (‘crown’) shall be placed over the trench to
allow for settlement after all other compaction and restoration requirements are met, except
where this would prevent meeting special restoration provisions.
9. This crown shall be wheel rolled and shaped by suitable pneumatic tired equipment, except in
terrain where use of such equipment is not practical.
10. Select dirt or sand for padding the ditch and covering line shall be furnished and placed by
Supplier at no additional cost to Purchaser.
11. Soil that cannot be used in the backfill shall be considered surplus and shall be removed from
the premises by Supplier and properly disposed of in a manner and at suitable locations that
will be satisfactory to Purchaser, property owners, and tenants involved in its disposition.
12. Backfilling the trench and graded right-of-way shall be in a manner that will restore the
natural contour of the ground and allow normal surface drainage.
Note: Particular care should be exercised so that all drainage ditches are maintained
and left unobstructed to prevent the backing up of water against the spoil bank or
back fill.

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13. Supplier shall build terraces in those locations where washes may be caused by water
following the truck, other equipment tracks, or other breaks of any nature in the surface of
the soil.
a. Terraces shall have a fall not to exceed 1 foot in 50 feet (0.3 m in 5.2 m) and shall be
feathered at each end.
b. The spacing and location of these terraces shall be as specified by Purchaser.
14. Backfilling shall be completed prior to the testing operation.

17.3.1 Shading
1. Immediately after the pipe has been lowered, it shall be shaded by filling at least 3 inches (76.2
mm) around and on top of the pipe with loose dirt or sand free from rock larger than 1/2 inch
(12.7 mm) in diameter, vegetation, and foreign objects, so that the pipe coating is not
damaged by the shading material.
2. The material around and over the top of the pipe shall be placed to ensure no voids exist next
to the pipe.
3. Supplier shall keep the shading as close as possible to the lowering operation and at no time
shall the distance between the two operations exceed 1000 feet (304.8 m).
4. Pipe that has been lowered into the ditch shall be shaded by the end of each working day,
except where necessary to leave exposed to make tie-ins, repairs to pipe or coating, or to
connect cathodic protection leads or other appurtenances.
Note: Shading reduces variation in temperature and the resulting thermal expansion/
contraction of the subject pipe. This is an important consideration after tie-in
welds and burial, as the soil temperature may raise or lower the temperature of
the pipe, potentially creating a locked-in high stress state. The purpose of shading
is to minimize damage due to thermal expansion and contraction of the pipe in
contact with the ground or by objects falling onto the pipe.

17.3.2 Agricultural and Grazing Lands

1. In agricultural areas and grazing lands, no rock shall be placed in the top of the backfill that
would interfere with plowing, cultivating, or re-seeding for grazing.
2. Surplus rock shall be disposed of to the satisfaction of Purchaser, property owner, and/or
tenant at no additional cost to Purchaser.
3. The work area shall be restored to its original topography, contour, and erosional resistance.
4. Supplier shall reconstruct or repair irrigation ditches across the pipeline right-of-way wherever
disturbed by Supplier’s operations, as required by Purchaser, property owner, and/or tenant.

17.3.3 Railroad, Highway and Road Crossings, Levees, Waterways

1. Backfilling and resurfacing, paved or otherwise, at railroads, highways, streets, roads,
driveways, levees, canals, rivers, ditches, creeks, and streams shall be done in a manner
acceptable to the private property owner or government authority having jurisdiction.
2. Backfill over the shading material shall be granular material placed in lifts no thicker than 6
inches (152.4 mm) compacted thickness, and shall be compacted with hand-operated
compaction equipment to obtain the percentage of compaction required by property owner
or controlling authority.
3. Sidewalks, curbs, gutters, and shoulders damaged or removed by Supplier shall be repaired
or replaced.
4. Backfill shall be compacted to a minimum relative compaction of 95 percent dry density per
ASTM D1556/D1556M or ASTM D6938 under railroads, highways, roads, driveways, and at

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levees, and to 90 percent at banks of other water courses.

5. As a minimum, field dry density tests shall be performed for each 200 feet2 (18.58 m2) of lift
surface.
a. Tests shall be distributed throughout the length and depth of the trench.
b. Purchaser shall reserve the right to choose test locations or to request additional tests.
c. If such additional tests show densities to be less than those specified herein, or those
specified by property owner or controlling authority, Supplier shall pay for the additional
tests. Otherwise, Purchaser shall reimburse Supplier for the tests.

17.3.4 Trench Plugs

Supplier shall furnish and install sacked trench plugs or Purchaser-accepted equal at locations
directed by Purchaser inspector.

17.4 Tie-Ins
Note: This section covers the tie-ins between continuous sections of the pipeline at intervals
and at locations such as crossings and appurtenances where normal pipe laying is
interrupted. As used here, the term ‘tie-in’ does not refer to work done to connect the
new pipeline to an existing pipeline system or operating facility.
1. The lengths between continuous sections lowered into the ditch shall provide for the following:
a. Pipe bends conforming to the ditch.
b. Proper ‘slack’ in the line considering pipe temperatures when laid and operating
temperatures.
2. Tie-ins at a crossing shall be made only after all requirements and testing for the crossing are
complete.
3. Radiographic inspection shall be performed on tie-in welds in accordance with respective
piping codes, ASME B31.4 or ASME B31.8.
4. Coating at tie-ins shall be visually inspected and jeeped, and inventory data shall be recorded
before backfilling.

17.5 Grading and Erosion Control

1. Supplier shall perform final grading to restore the work area to original contours, unless
otherwise shown on project drawings, defined in permits and right-of-way conditions, or
directed by Purchaser in writing.
2. Where the construction right-of-way crosses government land, Supplier shall restore the work
area to comply with laws and regulations and to the satisfaction of the authorities having
jurisdiction.

17.5.1 Side Cast Material Retrieval

1. Side cast materials, both inside and outside of the construction right-of-way, shall be retrieved
and graded over the work area.
2. Care shall be taken to minimize disturbance to adjacent areas and native ground cover.

17.5.2 Topsoil Replacement

Topsoil removed and stockpiled during clearing shall be evenly spread over the entire work
area.

17.5.3 Cross Drain Ditches (Water Bars)

Supplier shall construct cross drain ditches at approximately 50-foot (15.2-m) intervals across the

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work area where ground slopes are steeper than 3:1 (horizontal: vertical), or as directed by
Purchaser.

17.5.4 Special Erosion Control Measures

1. Where shown on project drawings, Supplier shall provide and construct special corrosion
control measures.
2. Purchaser shall list any additional requirements for the Supplier as indicated in Owner’s
standard procedure on right-of-way erosion prevention and repair.

17.6 Re-vegetation
1. Requirements for re-vegetation of the work areas to be performed by Supplier shall be
specified by Purchaser.
2. Owner’s standard procedure on right-of-way vegetation control shall be followed.

17.7 Documentation After Restoration

1. After clean-up and restoration, Supplier shall document the right-of-way after construction.
2. Documentation shall include color photographs in agricultural and developed lands and at road
and railroad crossings, as described in Section 7.2.
3. One copy of this documentation shall be provided to Purchaser within 30 calendar days of
completing restoration, not including time for revegetation.

18.0 Cathodic Protection Test and Bonding Leads and Facilities

Cathodic protection test, bonding leads, and facilities shall conform to the requirements of
PHR-CPM-DTL-106004, PHR-CPM-DTL-106005, PHR-CPM-DTL-106006, PHR-CPM-DTL-106008,
PHR-CPM-DTL-106010, and NACE SP0169.

18.1 Cathodic Protection Facilities

1. Supplier shall install cathodic protection test and bonding leads, test stations, anode cables,
and other cathodic protection facilities as shown on project drawings.
2. Purchaser shall furnish materials only as described in Section 4.2 and as specified by
Purchaser.

18.2 Test and Bonding Stations

1. Test and bonding leads and stations shall be installed at locations designated by Purchaser.
a. Pipeline coating shall be applied at leads in accordance with Section 16.7.
b. Supplier shall protect leads and stations from damage by clean up and grading crews.
c. After final grading is complete in the area of any station, Supplier shall perform a continuity
check on the leads and shall replace leads found to be faulty.
2. At crossings of existing Purchaser-owned pipelines, Supplier shall install test and bonding leads
and stations on the existing lines.
3. At crossing of foreign pipelines, Supplier shall leave the foreign lines exposed until the foreign
operator has installed test leads and test stations, or has witnessed the installation by
Supplier.
4. Supplier shall test the cathodic protection test stations for short circuits after installation and
prior to backfill, and shall test them again after backfilling. Results of the tests shall be
recorded by Supplier and accepted by Purchaser.
5. All areas of the pipe where test leads are to be connected shall be cleaned of dope and

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primer by using a hand file.

a. All traces of oil, grease, mill scale, and any other contamination shall be removed on the
coating or steel before any filing or grinding.
b. Where grinding or a coarse file must be used to remove coating, the requirements in PHR-
CPM-DTL-106004 shall be followed.
c. Care shall be taken to ensure that the minimum wall thickness of the base material is not
compromised during the grinding operations.
d. Supplier shall take necessary measures to ensure a proper bond of the test lead
connections to the pipe in a manner accepted by Purchaser.

19.0 Line Markers and Signs

1. Supplier shall install line marker posts, mile post aerial markers, intermediate aerial markers,
warning signs, and identification signs at appurtenances where shown on project
appurtenance drawings.
2. Installation shall conform to the project drawings and API 1109.
3. Line marker posts shall be installed, as required by government regulations, and at major
crossings.
4. Line marker posts shall be visible from the next line marker post or aerial marker.
5. When such mile post locations are unfavorable, such as cultivated fields, the marker shall be
set as close to the measured location as practical, with its actual stationing location stenciled
or stamped on the post.
6. Purchaser shall designate locations for mile post aerial markers.
7. Intermediate aerial markers shall be installed at alignment PIs (angle points) where the angle
of horizontal deflection is over 10 degrees.
8. An arrow on the aerial marker shall indicate the direction of the deflection.
9. The actual location of the marker shall be stenciled or stamped on the post.
10. Warning signs shall be installed on line marker posts at the following locations:
a. Each side of road and railroad crossings.
b. Each side of a waterway.
c. Fence lines across open or agricultural property.
d. Crossings of other lines (irrigation, oil, gas, telephone, utilities), where practical.
e. Where the line is above ground in areas accessible to the public.
11. Details for markers and signs shall be shown on the project drawings.

20.0 Highway, Railroad, and Major Crossings

20.1 Preliminary Hydrostatic Testing
1. Supplier shall install the pipeline at crossings in accordance with requirements of Owner or
authority having jurisdiction over the crossed facility.
2. Preliminary hydrostatic testing shall be done, as specified in Section 22.5, at locations indicated
on the project drawings.

20.2 Highway and Railroad Crossings

Supplier shall install the pipeline at highway, road, and railroad crossings in accordance with the
project drawings and API 1102.

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20.2.1 Bore Pits

1. Bore pits at highway and road crossings shall not be closer than 10 feet (3 m) from the paving
or improved shoulder.
2. Minor re-alignment of the line at bore pit locations to avoid existing facilities may result in slight
increases in bore and casing lengths. Such re-alignment shall not be the basis for adjustment
of Supplier’s compensation.

20.2.2 Cased Crossings

1. Cased crossings shall not be permitted without Purchaser acceptance. If accepted by
Purchaser, cased crossing shall be installed according to PHR-CPM-DTL-106007.
2. After installing the section of pipe in the casing, but before tying in to the line at either end,
Supplier shall measure the electrical resistance between the pipe and the casing with an
ohmmeter.
3. Testing shall be witnessed by Purchaser inspector.
4. If the resistance is less than 100 ohms, Supplier shall remove the section of pipe, determine
the cause for low resistance, repair defective coating or insulators, re-install the pipe, and
repeat the test.

20.3 River and Watercourse Crossings

1. At rivers, streams, and major canals, Supplier shall install the pipeline in accordance with the
project drawings.
2. Supplier shall adhere to the requirements in Section 11.1.3 regarding excavation at rivers,
streams, and other natural watercourses.
3. Over-bends and sag bends shall not be permitted at natural water-courses.
4. Purchaser may provide additional requirements based on Owner’s standard procedures on
water crossing inspection and right-of-way erosion prevention and repair.

21.0 Appurtenances and Special Construction

21.1 Appurtenances
1. Supplier shall install appurtenances and associated facilities in accordance with the project
drawings, except where specifically shown on drawings as being provided and installed by
others.
2. Supplier shall check mechanical operation of valves, actuators, and other mechanical
equipment and devices.
3. If corrective work is needed on mechanical items, Supplier shall perform work as requested
by Purchaser, and Supplier’s compensation shall be adjusted on a terms and conditions
basis.

21.1.1 Straight Runs of Pipe at Mainline Valves

Field bends shall not be permitted within 200 feet (61 m) of either side of a mainline valve,
except with written acceptance of Purchaser or as shown on project drawings.

21.1.2 Flange Bolting up

1. The procedure for bolting up flanged joints with spiral wound gaskets shall be in accordance
with PHR-PIM-SPC-105209.
2. Isolating gaskets and flanges shall be in accordance with PHR-CPM-DTL-106005.

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3. Bolting up of insulating flanges shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.

Note: Failure to follow manufacturer’s instructions can lead to accelerated corrosion of
the pipeline.

21.2 Concrete Work

1. Concrete work shall be in accordance with PHR-CIV-SPC-10850, unless otherwise specified on
the project drawings.
2. Supplier shall consult Purchaser and obtain acceptance before using special techniques, such
as pumping structural concrete.

21.3 Structural Steelwork

21.3.1 Fabrication
Structural steel shall be fabricated by Supplier in accordance with PHR-CIV-SPC-10398.

21.3.2 Erection
1. Supplier shall erect all steel work.
2. Work shall comply with the requirements of the latest editions of the AISC 303, AISC 360, and
AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
3. Supplier shall furnish bolts and clips required for erection, even though this is not detailed in
the drawings.

21.3.3 Welding
Field welding on structural steelwork shall be performed by welders qualified per the section on
welding in building construction (Section 5) of AWS D1.1/D1.1M.

21.4 Painting of Aboveground Piping and Structural Steel

Painting shall be in accordance with PHR-COM-SPC-104743 and the following sub-sections.

21.4.1 Surface Preparation

1. Surfaces shall be cleaned and abrasive blasted in accordance with Sections 6.1 and 6.3, as
well as PHR-COM-SPC-104743.
2. Abrasive blasting shall be to near white clean in accordance with SSPC SP 10, with 0.0025 inch
(2.5 mils) maximum anchor pattern.
3. Visual standards for abrasive blasting shall be per SSPC VIS 1.

21.4.2 Paint and Applications

1. Paint shall be in accordance with applicable sections of PHR-COM-SPC-105191.
2. Application shall be in accordance with PHR-COM-SPC-104743 and manufacturer’s
instructions.

21.4.3 Paint Touch Up and Small Repairs

Paint touch-up and small repairs shall be in accordance with PHR-COM-SPC-104743.

21.4.4 Painting on Insulating Flange Assemblies

Flanges at insulating flange assemblies shall be painted before assembly.

21.4.5 Inspection

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Supplier shall perform inspection and record information in accordance with PHR-COM-SPC-
104743.

21.5 Fencing at Station Sites

1. Chain link fencing at scraper traps, mainline valves, and other appurtenance sites, as shown
in the project drawings, shall be installed per PHR-CIV-DTL-105240.
2. Fence posts shall not be installed in close proximity to a pipeline, but rather shall be spaced at
maximum intervals away from the pipeline, at least a 30-foot (9-m) offset distance from the
pipe wall.

21.6 Long Pipeline Runs Aboveground

1. Long, aboveground runs of pipeline shall require lateral support and hold-down clamps, and
may need to be tied in at a higher temperature than the buried pipe line.
2. Supplier shall be guided by specific plans furnished by Purchaser.

21.7 Connections to Existing Facilities

1. Supplier shall perform work necessary to make connections to existing facilities as shown and
described in the project drawings.
2. Purchaser work permits shall be required before performing any work in operating areas or
on existing facilities.

22.0 Completion Tests

1. Supplier shall submit a description of the proposed testing program at least 30 days in advance
of testing to Purchaser for review and acceptance.
2. Supplier shall perform completion testing program on the pipeline, including furnishing pumps,
temporary piping, instrumentation, scrapers, etc. required for the testing.
3. Testing shall be in accordance with API 1110, Title 49 CFR, Part 195, and the following sub-
sections.
4. Completion tests shall include the following:
a. A scraper test by which a series of scrapers shall be run through the line.
b. A gauging plate test.
c. A hydrostatic pressure test.
5. Testing shall be done after the line or a major section, as designated by Purchaser, has been
laid, with all connections and line appurtenances installed.

22.1 Water for Tests

1. Supplier shall be responsible for providing all water for hydrostatic testing.
2. Only fresh water shall be used and it shall not contain mud, silt, sand, or any other debris.
3. Supplier shall consider using an environmentally-safe dye to help locate leaks in marshy or
other wet areas.

22.2 Scraper Test ‘Pipeline Cleaning’

1. Supplier shall test the completed line by filling it with water and running pipeline scrapers
designed for the size of pipe.
a. A series of three scrapers shall be run through the full length of each section of the line.
b. At least 1/2 mile (0.8 km) of water or a minimum of 15 minutes pumping time, whichever

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represents the greater quantity of water, shall be pumped ahead of each scraper.
2. Scrapers shall be three or four cup displacement pigs.
a. The third pig shall have a gauging plate in front of the first cup or in the center of the pig.
b. The gauging plate diameter shall be 95 percent of the minimum nominal internal diameter
of pipe in the test section.
3. Pumping equipment for running scrapers shall have sufficient capacity to move scrapers at a
speed of not less than 1 mph (1.6 km/hr).
a. The quantity of water pumped into the line shall be metered.
b. Meter and pump discharge pressure data versus time shall be recorded.
4. Supplier shall provide adequate facilities for draining water at the end of the section
through which scrapers are run, and shall arrange for disposal of this water with acceptance
by Purchaser.
5. Depending upon the condition of the scrapers at the end of the run and upon the quality of
cleaning performed by the scrapers, Purchaser may direct Supplier to run additional scrapers
through the line.
6. The cost of running additional scrapers to further verify the adequacy of the line or to obtain
satisfactory cleaning shall be at no additional cost to Purchaser.
7. The progress of the scrapers shall be followed by Supplier as they travel through the line.
a. Any obstruction that stops the scrapers (other than a regular scraper trap) shall be
immediately removed and the line shall be promptly repaired.
b. When such repairs have been made, the line shall not be backfilled until inspected and
accepted by Purchaser.

22.3 Hydrostatic Test

1. After the completed line, or a section thereof, has been filled with water by the scraper test,
Supplier shall perform pressure testing shown in Table 5.
Table 5: Pressure Testing
ASME Code Location Minimum Test Period
B31.4 Above Ground 4 hours
B31.4 Buried 8 hours

2. While pressuring the line, Supplier shall patrol sections of the line where leakage would likely
cause damage or hazard to others.
3. Test pressure shall be applied against temporary test valves, blind flanges, spectacle blinds, or
weld caps.
4. In no instance shall a closed mainline valve be used as a test block valve, unless accepted by
Purchaser in writing.
5. The hydrotest procedure shall incorporate the following:
a. When approximately 75 percent of the test pressure is reached, pressure shall be
increased gradually in increments of about 2.5 percent of test pressure every
10 minutes, unless pump capacity is limiting.
b. While pressuring, the following shall be observed and recorded at 5 minute intervals:
1) Pressures, using the deadweight tester and the test gauge.
2) Volume of water pumped as measured in the tank.
3) Pump stroke counter reading.
c. At about 20-minute intervals, the pressure recorder readings shall be checked against the

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deadweight pressures to confirm that the recorder is functioning properly.

d. Should there be a sudden drop in pressure indicating a line break, pressure shall be
recorded just before the drop and the operator shall stop pumping.
e. When the test pressure is reached, test pump shall be stopped.
f. If the pressure should drop below test pressure within a few minutes and then appear to
stabilize, pumping shall resume to raise the pressure to test pressure again while
continuing to observe and record data.
g. Pump shall be disconnected from the line.
h. Dead weight pressure shall be observed and recorded at 5 minute intervals for at least
one hour, and 15 minutes thereafter until the end of the test.
i. If warm ground temperatures cause the line pressure to increase above the maximum
test pressure, water shall be bled slowly and carefully from the line to lower the pressure
to test pressure.
j. Water shall be drained to the tank and the volume accurately measured, at the same
time pressure data shall be taken with the deadweight tester.
k. If line pressure again rises to the maximum, this operation shall be repeated.
l. When the pressure has stabilized and held steady for at least 8 hours, the test may be
considered satisfactory after 24 hours, or after 8 hours of stabilized pressure, if this takes
longer than 24 hours.
6. Pressure instrumentation shall include the following:
a. Bourdon tube pressure test gauge, calibrated before the test, with a reading accuracy
of
0.1 percent of full scale.
b. A deadweight pressure tester, capable of measuring increments of 1.5 psi (0.1 bar),
certified for accuracy and traceable to the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST).
c. A 24-hour pressure recorder, checked against the deadweight tester immediately before
and after use, with a supply of correct range chart paper. Test pressure should be about
80 percent of the recorder’s maximum scale.
d. Pressure gauges, calibrated before the test, with reading accuracy of 1 percent of full
scale, for use at locations along the line where pressures are observed.
7. If ambient or night chill temperatures are below 35ºF (1.7ºC), Supplier shall take measures to
prevent freezing in aboveground mainline piping, test piping, and in instrumentation.
8. Purchaser may provide additional requirements from Owner’s standard procedure on pipe
hydrostatic testing.

22.4 Test Report

Supplier shall submit to Purchaser a complete test report in duplicate for each section of
pipeline tested within 5 days after testing, including the following at a minimum:
1. Detailed description of test equipment, with diagram of test equipment hook-up from water
source to the mainline and diagram of test facilities along with the pipeline under test.
2. Certification documents for the deadweight tester and calibrated pressure instruments.
3. Description of the pipeline test section, with profile and data on size, wall thickness, grade, and
type of manufacture.
4. Test record and certification form.
5. Deadweight tester pressure versus time log (original).
6. Pressure recording charts showing the following:
a. Description of pipeline test section.

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b.Name and address of Supplier (and testing sub-contractor, if any).

c.Names of Purchaser and Supplier representatives witnessing the test.
d.Test pressure.
e.Test medium.
f.Explanation of any pressure variations that appear on the chart.
g.Serial number of recorder.
h.Pressure reading verifications of recorder against the deadweight tester before and after
use.
7. Other reporting data as may be required by federal, state, and local regulations

22.5 Preliminary Pressure Tests at Crossings and Other Locations

1. Sections of the line to be laid under roads, highways, railroads, rivers, or major canals, or at
other locations where leakage after installation would be hard to detect and repairs would
be costly, shall be tested hydrostatically before installation.
2. The test pressure shall be between the regulatory-required pressure needed to establish
maximum operating pressure (MOP) or maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP), at a
minimum, and the pressure that stresses the pipe to 90 percent of its specified minimum yield
strength (SMYS).
Note: For safety reasons on small diameter pipe, 90 percent of its SMYS can be multiples of
the MOP or MAOP. To avoid flange leaks, the test pressure needs to be compatible
with the lowest rated component on the pipeline.

22.6 Repairs and Retests

1. Supplier shall have a crew available during the progress of completion tests that can be
dispatched to perform any necessary repair work.
2. If leakage is found, Supplier shall make repairs immediately, after which the test shall be
repeated or the line accepted, at the option of Purchaser.
3. Supplier shall bear the expense of repairs and re-testing due to faulty workmanship or
defective or unsatisfactory material furnished by Supplier.
4. Purchaser shall bear the expense of repairs and re-testing due to defective material
furnished by Purchaser.

22.7 Completion of Satisfactory Tests

1. Upon completion of satisfactory scraper and hydrostatic tests, the pipeline shall be left filled
with water at a pressure that leaves the highest elevation of the line or designated section at
a pressure of approximately 50 psi (3.4 bar).
2. Supplier shall remove temporary testing facilities and leave the line in a finished condition.

22.8 Dewatering and Drying

1. When specified by the Purchaser, the Supplier shall dewater the pipeline following testing using
the following procedure:
a. Immediately after completion of hydrotesting, when the test has been declared
acceptable by Owner, the high pressure test medium shall be bled slowly from the tested
section into the next section to be tested.
b. The test medium shall be transferred between sections using a suitable piping manifold.
c. When the final test section has been accepted, the test medium shall be disposed of in
accordance with all applicable regulatory requirements.

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d. Air shall be purged from the pipeline or pipeline facility before it is placed into service to
eliminate the possibility of a hazardous mixture of air and hydrocarbon vapor/gas.
e. Water shall be removed from the pipeline before it is placed in service to eliminate the
possibility of internal corrosion.
f. When connecting high pressure hoses between a temporary vessel or tank and a
pipeline, care shall be taken to limit the velocity of the fluids in the hoses to less than
manufacturer’s specifications.
g. It shall be recommended that pigs be fitted with pig tracking devices.
h. An initial dewatering run with an accepted pig driven by compressed air shall be
completed.
2. Upon completion of dewatering, drying shall be undertaken on pipelines carrying refined
products (e.g., natural gas liquid [NGL]) or sales quality gas.
a. The pipeline shall be dewatered using a Purchaser-accepted method (i.e., hot nitrogen or
a methanol swab). The speed of batching shall not exceed 5 mph (8 km/hr).
Note: Nitrogen is a colorless and odorless gas that displaces oxygen that can quickly
cause asphyxiation. Universal precautions should be taken when performing
tasks in areas where there are risks of above limit nitrogen exposure.
1) Entry and access to locations with potential nitrogen accumulations, such as
trenches, valve pits, manifolds, and nitrogen vent points, shall be restricted only to
authorized personnel.
2) Continuous gas testing for atmosphere conditions (oxygen) shall be conducted to
ensure that an oxygen-deficient atmosphere does not exist.
b. If, at the end of the run, the methanol has a specific gravity of greater than 0.88, the run
shall be repeated.
c. Methanol shall be contained and disposed of in an accepted manner.
d. Under no circumstance shall methanol-contaminated water be released and allowed to
reach any natural watercourse, water body, or ground water.
e. Any inadvertent spills shall be immediately cleaned up and reported to the Purchaser.
Supplier shall have a spill reporting procedure that complies with local regulations.
3. Supplier may present alternative proposals for drying procedures for Purchaser acceptance.
Such alternatives may include using dry air from sorbead or silica gel dehydrators, or using
vacuum methods of dehydration.
4. For unprotected steel pipelines, a pre-commissioning batch inhibitor shall be applied following
dewatering. The inhibitor and quantities to be used shall be specified in the contract.
5. Inline equipment and valve cavities shall be drained completely of test fluid. Various valve types
may have cavities that retain water after draining water from the system. Adequate steps
shall be taken to ensure that water is completely drained from all valve cavities to prevent
corrosion to internal valve components.

23.0 In-Line Inspection

1. Purchaser shall provide an in-line inspection (ILI) procedure in accordance with NACE SP0102.
2. The following assessments shall be submitted in writing to the Purchaser for review and
acceptance:
a. The reviewed pipeline characteristics ensuring the ILI tool will negotiate through the
pipeline (i.e., pig-ability study).
b. The performance specification of the selected ILI tool.

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c. The characteristics of the fluid pumped or the driving medium to drive the ILI tool.
Note: Using compressed air to propel an ILI tool through a line introduces a fire
hazard caused by friction of the ILI tool moving through the line in an
oxygen-rich environment, due the combustible materials they may contain
(e.g., plastics).
d. Flow parameters required to drive the ILI tool for successful inspection.
e. Required cleanliness of the pipeline.
f. Requirements for ILI vendor data analysis.
3. The ILI acceptance in the field after the inspection shall meet the requirements of PHR-QAM-
PRC-106196.
4. Purchaser may include additional requirements from Owner’s standard procedure on smart
pigging.

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