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 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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 CONTENTS

PREFACE xiii 3-4 Fastener Grades 58

INDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE SYLLABUS xxi 3-5 Torque Specifications 59
3-6 Retaining Ring Fasteners 62
ABOUT THE AUTHORS xxv
Summary 64
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxvii
Review Questions 65

4. Industrial Print Reading 67

SECTION 1 Objectives 67
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 1 4-1 Mechanical Drawings 68
4-2 Piping Symbols and Drawings 70
1. Safety 3 4-3 Hydraulic/Pneumatic Symbols
Objectives 3 and Drawings 72
1-1 Workplace Safety 4 4-4 Electrical Symbols and Drawings 76
1-2 Hazardous Material Handling 12 4-5 Welding Symbols and Drawings 85
1-3 Ladders and Scaffolds 19 Summary 88
Summary 23 Review Questions 89
Review Questions 23
5. Rigging and Mechanical
2. Tools 25 Installations 91
Objectives 25 Objectives 91
2-1 Hand Tools 26 5-1 Formulae and Weight
2-2 Measuring Devices 40 Estimations 92
2-3 Power Tools 43 5-2 Load Balancing 99
Summary 47 5-3 Synthetic Slings 101
Review Questions 48 5-4 Fiber Rope and Securing 108
5-5 Wire Rope and Wire Rope
3. Fasteners 49 Slings 114
Objectives 49 5-6 Chain and Chain Slings 121
3-1 Threads 50 5-7 Prelift Planning 126
3-2 Taps and Dies 54 Summary 127
3-3 Fastener Types 57 Review Questions 127

vii
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
viii Contents

SECTION 2 10-3 Radial Lip Seals 202

Summary 203
MECHANICAL KNOWLEDGE 129
Review Questions 204
6. Mechanical Power
11. Pumps and Compressors 205
Transmission 131
Objectives 205
Objectives 131
11-1 Hydraulic Pumps 206
6-1 Belts and Sheaves 132
11-2 Pump Specifications 212
6-2 Chains and Sprockets 142
11-3 Pump Troubleshooting 214
6-3 Gears and Gearboxes 144
11-4 Air Compression 215
6-4 Speed Calculations 149
11-5 Compressor Types 217
Summary 153
11-6 Compressor Troubleshooting 219
Review Questions 154
Summary 219
7. Bearings 155 Review Questions 221
Objectives 155
12. Fluid Power 223
7-1 Bearing Loads 156
Objectives 223
7-2 Bearing Construction 156
12-1 Fluid Power Fundamentals 224
7-3 Series of Bearings 157
12-2 Hydraulics 224
7-4 Bearing Types 158
12-3 Pneumatics 228
7-5 Bearing Installation and Removal 162
12-4 Valves 231
7-6 Bearing Failures 165
12-5 Linear Actuators 240
Summary 166
Summary 249
Review Questions 166
Review Questions 250
8. Coupled Shaft Alignment 167
13. Piping Systems 251
Objectives 167
Objectives 251
8-1 Shaft Alignment 168
13-1 Piping Tools 252
8-2 Dial Indicator Method 175
13-2 Piping Systems 254
8-3 Reverse Dial Indicator Method 180
13-3 Fittings 256
8-4 Feeler Gauge Method 181
13-4 Fitting Allowances 258
8-5 Laser Shaft Alignment 185
13-5 Pipe Connection Methods 262
Summary 186
Summary 266
Review Questions 187
Review Questions 267
9. Lubrication 189
Objectives 189
9-1 General Terms 190 SECTION 3
9-2 Types of Lubricants 190 ELECTRICAL KNOWLEDGE 269
9-3 Methods of Application 191
9-4 Lubrication Schedules 194 14. Electrical Fundamentals 271
Summary 195 Objectives 271
Review Questions 195 14-1 Atomic Structure 272
14-2 Current 274
10. Seals and Packing 197 14-3 Voltage 274
Objectives 197 14-4 Resistance 276
10-1 Packing Seals 198 14-5 Resistor Wattage Ratings
10-2 Mechanical Seals 200 and Power 280

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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 Contents ix

14-6 Scientific Notation 282 19. Transformers 391

14-7 Engineering Notation 282 Objectives 391
14-8 Ohm’s Law 283 19-1 Basic Transformers 392
14-9 Power Law 286 19-2 Autotransformers 401
14-10 Magnetism 290 19-3 Current Transformers 405
Summary 290 19-4 Three-Phase Transformers 406
Review Questions 290 19-5 Primary Distribution Systems 424
19-6 Consumer Distribution System 425
15. Test Equipment 291
19-7 Grounding System 425
Objectives 291
Summary 428
15-1 Digital Multimeter 292
Review Questions 428
15-2 Clamp-On Ammeter 296
15-3 Megohmmeter 297 20. Electrical Machinery 431
15-4 Oscilloscope 300 Objectives 431
Summary 309 20-1 DC Generators 432
Review Questions 309 20-2 DC Motors 436
20-3 Alternators 441
16. Basic Resistive Electrical
20-4 Three-Phase Motors 441
Circuits 311
20-5 Single-Phase Motors 446
Objectives 311
20-6 Motor Maintenance 452
16-1 Series Circuits 312
Summary 454
16-2 Parallel Circuits 317
Review Questions 454
16-3 Combination Circuits 323
Summary 335 21. Control and Controlled
Review Questions 335 Devices 455
Objectives 455
17. Reactive Circuits
21-1 Pushbuttons 456
and Power Factor 337
21-2 Rotary Switches 458
Objectives 337
21-3 Limit Switches 460
17-1 Inductance and R-L Circuits 338
21-4 Proximity Switches 460
17-2 Capacitance and R-C Circuits 348
21-5 Photoelectric Switches 462
17-3 R-L-C Series and Parallel Circuits 360
21-6 Relays 468
17-4 Power Factor Correction 369
21-7 Motor Starters 471
17-5 Three-Phase Circuits 373
21-8 Annunciators 472
17-6 Three-Phase Power Factor
Correction 374 Summary 474
Summary 377 Review Questions 474
Review Questions 378
22. Motor Control Circuits 475
18. Wiring Methods 379 Objectives 475
Objectives 379 22-1 Two-Wire Controls 476
18-1 Conductor Selection and Sizing 380 22-2 Three-Wire Controls 476
18-2 Conductor Color Code 383 22-3 Multiple Start/Stop Controls 478
18-3 Raceway Selection 385 22-4 Forward/Reverse Controls 481
18-4 Raceway Sizing 386 22-5 Speed Control 484
Summary 388 22-6 Jog Control 486
Review Questions 389 22-7 Miscellaneous Control 487

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x Contents

22-8 Multiple Motor Starter Control 488 SECTION 4

22-9 Sequential Starting Control 489
22-10 Various Starting Methods 492 WELDING KNOWLEDGE 643
22-11 Braking 498 27. Gas Welding 645
Summary 500 Objectives 645
Review Questions 501 27-1 Gas Welding Safety 646
23. Basic Industrial Electronics 503 27-2 Setup Procedures 648
Objectives 503 27-3 Shutdown Procedures 649
23-1 Diodes 504 27-4 Types of Flames 649
23-2 Transistors 511 27-5 Puddling and Running a Bead 650
23-3 Thyristors 519 27-6 Types of Welds 650
23-4 555 Timer 525 27-7 Types of Joints 651
23-5 Operational Amplifiers 530 27-8 Welding Positions 652
23-6 Digital Logic 536 Summary 653
23-7 Replacing Solid-State Devices 543 Review Questions 654
Summary 544
Review Questions 544 28. Arc Welding 655
Objectives 655
24. Electronic Variable-Speed
28-1 Arc Welding safety 656
Drives 545
28-2 Arc Welding Components 657
Objectives 545
28-3 Striking the Arc 658
24-1 DC Drives 546
28-4 Running a Bead 659
24-2 Troubleshooting DC Drives 571
28-5 Types of Welds 660
24-3 AC (Inverter) Drives 578
28-6 Types of Joints 660
24-4 Troubleshooting Inverter Drives 599
28-7 Common Problems
Summary 611 of Arc Welding 661
Review Questions 611 Summary 662
25. Programmable Logic Review Questions 663
Controllers 613
Objectives 613
25-1 PLC Components 614 SECTION 5
25-2 I/O Wiring 616 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE 665
25-3 Programming 618
Summary 630 29. Preventive Maintenance—
Review Questions 631 Developing and
Implementing 667
26. Lighting 633 Objectives 667
Objectives 633 29-1 History 668
26-1 Types of Lamps 634 29-2 Planning and Coordinating 668
26-2 Luminaires 637 29-3 Hazardous and Confined
26-3 Ballasts 638 Locations 670
26-4 Relamping 638 29-4 Executing the PM 671
Summary 641 Summary 672
Review Questions 641 Review Questions 673

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Contents xi

30. Mechanical PM 675 Appendix E 747

Objectives 675 NEC Table 8 748
30-1 Bearings 676
The following appendices F through K can be
30-2 Gearboxes 676 found on the student companion website at
30-3 Seals 676 www.cengagebrain.com.
30-4 Belts 677 Follow the instructions in the Supplements
30-5 Chains and Sprockets 678 section of the Preface for access information.
30-6 Couplings 678 Appendix F
Summary 679 NEC Table 4
Review Questions 680
Appendix G
31. Electrical PM 681
Weights & Measures Conversion
Objectives 681 Tables
31-1 General Requirements 682
31-2 Inspection Records 682 Appendix H
31-3 Four Rules of Electrical Weight Estimation Tables
Maintenance 683
31-4 Maintenance Responsibility 684 Appendix I
Summary 684 Web Sling – Load Capacity Tables
Review Questions 684
Appendix J
Appendix A 685 Wire Rope Sling – Load Capacities
NEC Tables 310.15(B)(16), 310.15(B)(17), and Safety Factors
310.15(B)(18), and 310.15(B)(19) 686
Appendix K
Appendix B 691
Chain Property Tables, Chain
NEC Table 310.15(B)(2)(b) 692
Sling – Load Capacities, &
Appendix C 695 Temperature Derating Factors
NEC Tables C1 through C12 696
GLOSSARY 749
Appendix D 743 INDEX 773
NEC Table 5 744

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 PREFACE

For several years, we have been hearing how there was a need for multicrafted main-
tenance technicians in the industry. Instead of an electrician or mechanic or welder,
there was a need for a multicraft technician who could perform these duties and more.
To answer this need, we developed an Industrial Electricity program, an Industrial
Mechanics program, and a Welding program. We taught our students the traditional
way. We presented them with hand tools, piping systems, safety, print reading, fluid
power, power transmission, electrical fundamentals, motor controls, electronics, PLCs,
drives, gas welding, arc welding, and more. Each of these subjects was taught as an
individual course. Each of these courses required separate texts.
Then one day, an idea formed. What if we could combine these programs into one?
We then created an Associate Degree in Industrial Maintenance. The student could
now combine courses from all three programs and leave with a multicraft degree. How-
ever, this created a challenge. We did not want to continue using separate texts for this
program, and the economic burden on our students became great. So, we decided to
produce a text that would satisfy the requirements for a vast majority of the courses
taught. Industrial Maintenance was created to meet this need. For our program, Indus-
trial Maintenance replaces approximately 20 texts that were previously required to
complete the courses in the areas of Industrial Electricity, Industrial Mechanics, and
Welding.

INTENDED AUDIENCE
Industrial Maintenance, 2E, serves as a vital resource for all individuals involved in the
maintenance field. This text will best serve those individuals enrolled in high school
vocational/trade programs, two-year technical college/community college programs,
adult education programs, and corporate training/certification programs. However,
Industrial Maintenance should also prove to be a valuable resource for those individu-
als already employed in the maintenance field—where any maintenance technician
can keep a copy of the book in his tool box, locker, or other handy location.
Industrial Maintenance, 2E, addresses the needs of the multicrafted maintenance
technician and presents an all-encompassing view of the field of industrial mainte-
nance, which covers a variety of technical skill areas. These include, but are not limited
to, mechanics (mechanical installation, fluid power, piping systems, power transmis-
sion, print reading, and safety, to name a few), electrical (electrical theory, test equip-
ment, electronics, the National Electrical Code , control circuits, rotating machines, ®
PLCs, and drives, for example), and welding (gas welding and arc welding). A mul-
ticrafted maintenance technician must have knowledge and skills in all these areas.
Industrial Maintenance, 2E, addresses these areas in a format designed with the techni-
cian in mind.
xiii
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
xiv Preface

NEW TO THIS EDITION

Chapter 1
■ All photos are now in color or have been reshot in color.

■ All graphics are now in color.

■ Additional information concerning lockout/tagout.

■ New information concerning NFPA 70E.

■ New symbol information for the Class D Fire classification.

■ The addition of a section on ladders and scaffolds.

Chapter 2
■ All photos are now in color or have been reshot in color.

■ Additional information concerning the bimetal hacksaw blade.

Chapter 3
■ All photos are now in color or have been reshot in color.

■ Additional explanation concerning torqueing of a fastener.

Chapter 4
■ A restructuring of Chapter 4 has occurred to include piping, hydraulics, and pneumatics.
• 4-1 Mechanical Drawings
• 4-2 Piping Symbols and Drawing
• 4-3 Hydraulic/Pneumatic Symbols and Drawings
• 4-4 Electrical Symbols and Drawings
• 4-5 Welding Symbols and Drawings
■ Some graphics have been changed and others are new.

■ There is new content concerning hydraulic and pneumatic symbols and drawings.

■ Errors concerning weld symbols have been corrected.

Chapter 5
■ New chapter concerning rigging and rigging equipment has been added.

■ New color graphics and color photos are included.

■ Chapter 5 includes:
• 5-1 Formulae and Weight Estimations
• 5-2 Load Balancing
• 5-3 Synthetic Slings
• 5-4 Fiber Rope and Securing
• 5-5 Wire Rope and Wire Rope Slings
• 5-6 Chain and Chain Slings
• 5-7 Prelift Planning

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Preface xv

Chapter 6
■ All photos are now in color.

■ Some graphics have been redone in color to make the content that is stressed more easily
recognizable.
■ Additional information concerning belt and pulley wear guides has been added.

■ Errors have been corrected.

Chapter 7
■ All photos are now in color.

Chapter 8
■ All photos are now in color.
■ Some graphics have been redone in color to make the content that is stressed more easily
recognizable.
■ Content concerning bar sag has been added.

■ The dial caliper graphic has been revised to include more detail on how to read it.

■ New photo showing a laser alignment kit in use has been included.

Chapter 9
■ There is added content and graphics concerning automatic oilers.

Chapter 10
■ All photos are now in color.

■ Some graphics have been redone in color to make the content that is stressed more easily
recognizable.

Chapter 11
■ All photos are now in color.

Chapter 12
■ There is a new photo showing a bladder-type accumulator.

Chapter 13
■ All photos are now in color.

■ Information on piping symbols and sketches has been moved to Chapter 4.

Chapter 14
■ Added color.

■ Fixed errors.

■ Added explanation of centripetal and centrifugal force.

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
xvi Preface

Chapter 15
■ Added color.

■ Fixed errors.

Chapter 16
■ Added color.

■ Fixed errors.

Chapter 17
■ Added color.

■ Fixed errors.

Chapter 18
■ Added color.

■ Fixed errors.

■ Updated content to the NEC 2011 standard.

Chapter 19
■ Added color.

■ Fixed errors.

■ Added content on Current Transformers (CTs).

Chapter 20
■ Added color.

■ Fixed errors.

■ Added content on.

• Permanent Magnet motors
• Brushless DC motors
• Stepping motors
• Motor Maintenance

Chapter 21
■ Added color.

■ Fixed errors.

Chapter 22
■ Added color.

■ Fixed errors.

Chapter 23
■ Added color.

■ Fixed errors.

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Preface xvii

Chapter 24
■ Added color.

■ Completely re-wrote chapter.

Chapter 25
■ Added color.

■ Completely re-wrote chapter.

Chapter 26
■ Added color.

■ Fixed errors.

Chapter 27
■ Added color photos to supplement content.

■ Some graphics are now in color.

Chapter 28
■ Color photos have been added to supplement new content or to support existing content.

■ Some graphics have been modified to supplement new content.

■ New content on auto-darkening welding hoods is included.

■ New content on arc-welding methods has been added.

Chapter 31
■ Added color.

■ Fixed errors.

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
xviii Preface

TEXT LAYOUT
In order for the student to be able to navigate with ease through the various technical
skills required to train multiskilled technicians, Industrial Maintenance is divided into five
sections.

Section 1: General Knowledge

This section presents the following topics: Safety, Tools, Fasteners, and Industrial Print Reading,
and Safety and Installation.

Section 2: Mechanical Knowledge

This section introduces Mechanical Power Transmission, Bearings, Coupled Shaft Alignment,
Lubrication, Seals and Packing, Pumps and Compressors, Fluid Power, and Piping Systems.

Section 3: Electrical Knowledge

The third section provides information on Electrical Fundamentals, Test Equipment, Basic
Resistive Electrical Circuits, Reactive Circuits and Power Factor Correction, Wiring Methods,
Transformers and Power Distribution, Electrical Machinery, Control and Controlled Devices,
Motor Control Circuits, Basic Industrial Electronics, Electronic Variable-Speed Drives, Pro-
grammable Logic Controllers, and Lighting.

Section 4: Welding Knowledge

This section introduces the essentials of welding and specifically covers Gas Welding and Arc
Welding.

Section 5: Preventive Maintenance

This section discusses Developing and Implementing Preventive Maintenance, Mechanical
PMs, and Electrical PMs.

Note: Need help organizing an Industrial Maintenance course? Please see our course syllabus,
appearing after the Preface on page xvii and also available in electronic format on the Instructor
Companion Web site that accompanies the text.

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Preface xix

SECTION AND CHAPTER FEATURES

■ A Typical Day in Maintenance—Each of the five sec-
tions opens with an on-going situation that a tech-
SECTION 1 nician may face during the course of a typical day on
the job. Beginning with Section 1 on General Knowl-
GENERAL edge and following through to Section 5 on Preven-
E
KNOWLEDG tive Maintenance, the author walks readers through
Safety the components of a faulty machine, and they are
Tools
Fasteners
Reading
encouraged to Check It Out and
Industrial Print

A TYPICAL DAY
IN MAINTENA
NC E discover the situation at hand.
Check It Out
has begun. You
have had your
breakfast and
a work order
coffee,
for the
SECTI
The explanation of the scenario
MECH
2
and your shift rvisor hands you
It is 7:00 A.M, was making a
loud
pay. Your supe ON
and it is time
to earn your rts that the press will
A is then followed up by a series of
KNOW NICAL
ator repo the press
. The press oper a “funny” odor
, and now
number 3 press smel led
the operator
vibration, then
You gather the
not run.
You mentally
run through sever
al possible cause
ctive equipment
s of the problem.
(PPE), hand tools
, and test
It is now 7:20
equip
A.M.
LEDGE
-
questions, where readers must
s, personal prote floor to press
number 3.Me
relevant print chanica
ed onto the plant
ment and proce

Work It Out with the press

Bearing
Coup ?led
s
l Powe
r Tra nsmiss
ion
Seals an
d Packi
Work It Out and attempt to diag-
of the problem Shaft Ali ng
1. What migh
2. What types
t be the cause
of draw ings or prints
would be helpf
ul?Lubrication
gnment Pumps
Fluid Po
and Co
wer
mpres
sors nose and troubleshoot the problem.
Pip
do you need? ing Syste
3. What PPE
4. Whic h hand tools would you
consider takin

d be of benefi
t?
A TY
g along
Check
? PI
CAL DA
It Out
Y IN M
AINTEN
ANCE
ms
The faulty machine presents prob-
equipment woul
5. What test You arr

You als
ive
tional inf at press numb
ormati
on
o ask the and clarificat
er 3 at
7:30 A.
M. Yo
u ask the
lems along the way that relate to each
have be operator ion on the
You sus
pe
en told.

tion. Th ct a worn beari

is pump
The pre
to try to
ss does
ng in the
run the
not run
.
operatio
n
that yo
pre1ss op
press so of the press be
erator
for
for addi-
u can ver e it failed.
ify what
section that follows, and the goal is
energizin is coup hydraulic you
you de

motor,
ter
g and

t the op
locking
odor tha mine that the t/tagging ou
erator
led via
ou
bearing
a rigid
couplin
pump
to be the
g to a thr
t the pre
ss, on
ee-phase
cause
11/16/12 7:22 PM

motor.
of the vib
ra-
to encourage critical thinking skills
which mention is indeed wo inspecti Aft
on of the er de-
31199_ch01_ptg0
1_hr_001-024.indd
1
this lat
be welde
For no
er. You als
d. Again
is coup
o notic
led to the
e tha
, you ma t the pump
ke a me
ed. You
pump.
be
You ma
rn. You
lieve the
ke a
als
source
o notice
of the od
mountin mental note or to be the
the “fu
pu mp
nny” among aspiring technicians.
w, you ntal no g plate to
You be dir te to fi is cracke investigate
gin the ect your effort x this lat d. This
replacem s to rem er. has to
ent pro oving an
Work cess at
7:45 A. d replac
It Out M.
ing the
worn be
1. List aring.
the ste
ps that
2. Wh you wo
at migh uld follow
t be the to replac
3. Wh source e the wo
at migh of the rn beari
t have “funny” ng.
caused odor em
the pu anating
mp mo from the
unting motor?
plate to
crack?

3119
99_c
9_ch
h06_
06_p
ptg0
tg01
1_hr
_hr_
_129
129--154
154..indd
indd 129

129

16/11/12
6:30 PM

■ Safety/Caution Notes—Although safety issues are

12 SECT ION 1 Gene
ral Knowledge
you do not use
present so that of higher voltage. Injuries have
the test equip
- addressed at the beginning of the text in a separate
such a

chapter, special attention has been given to integrate

t r
ve the fuse in ment on a circui face of a worke
ving fuses, remo the fuse and circuit hands, arms, and volt rated mul-
■ When remo
the hot side of occurred to the 1000-
manner so that ly connecting a
! by inadvertent energ ized with 7200
volts.
is broken first. a circui t
CAUTION in such a timeter to of
install the fuse ment for signs

!
■ When instal
ling

fuse and circui

fuses,
contact with the
manner so that made last.
t is
hot side of the ■ Always inspe
wear and dama
aged piece of
ct your test
ge before use.
test equipment
equip
Remove a dam-
from service safety and caution notes into the text whenever a situ-
CAUTION
immediately.
Motors

shock but also

injury not only
Motors may cause the mechanical motion.
from
ize the risk of
from an electr

electrical injury
ical
Take
and
g
■ Always verify
functions prope
a known voltag
rly by
e source befor
uring equipment
that voltage meas the operation on
check ing
e usage on the
cir- CAUTION
!
ation requires the mention of a safety concern. Equip-
steps to minim occur from the motor’s startin

ping readers with this proper knowledge helps to warn

.
injuries that may cuit to be tested equipment
unexpectedly. dures ially carefu l when using test
ut/tagout proce ■ Be espec
facility’s locko ized circuits.
■ Follow your connections to on live or energ before
on the electrical or deenergized
when working a circuit is dead with an ohmmeter
rotating mach
■ When makin
inery.

use suffi cient amou

ctions to rotati
g temporary conne nts of electrical
ng
■ Verify that
measuring circui
or Megger®.
t resistance
technicians of dangerous situations
machinery, ting material.
tape or other insula
■ Keep oil cans,
rotating mach
so on, away from
wipes, rags, and of ferrous type
ful
inery. Be mind to the magnetic
ted
1-2 HAZARDOUS
HANDLING
298 SEC
TIO N
MATERIAL

required
on the job that could lead to injury
may be attrac codes and chart areas
3 sEle
thatctrareicalinKnwhich
material that
or death.
r or gener ator. are many owled
the moto Th ere the
field created by using chemicals and laws, regulations, ge
inery when for hazardous hand are many
rotating mach they are stored
. There crank. to when using
or
■ Deenergize and lubric ation. must higbe adher
h res ed
In this
tex
cleaning solve
nts and codes that ista nce
mater ials. ok,better
To
tbo
the me
d dis
hazar cusdous
sed. values
usi ng a ,han one asurem
working aroun laws, Folregula tions and codes
d cra ent of
Capacitors d capacitors. understand theseupthe
lowing
are the nscor that develop nk model is 5. While
usi izatio

■ Modular Chapters—Each of the

working aroun andorgan ng the
Be careful when must know about resistance ng the me a safe
egoh rectworki
proced come into test is in proces
a charg e for a very long and isstand ardsval to ensur
ues mmete
repre sente ures for
d setting nection contact s, you mu
may store an electrical these codes generic izatio. ns Th are
in nature e infoUL
r to me s with st not tou
■ Capacitors ut connection to - nmen t. Th esewitorgan
self .
NIOS H, rmatio
® , NFPAn pre
, asure hig
h voltages to the circuit thathe megohmm ch or
time, even witho with the termi enviro h OSHA , You sented will be eter con
e may contact mesuch asthe
ns ope should present! t you are test -
SAFETY by abbreviatiohav gohmmeter rating manua famn- iliarize here 6. Discha ing. Hig SAFETY
circuit. This charg

chapters is written in a modular for-

A.e any that youHealth lAdmi for the you rge h
nals of the capac
itor. ANSI, and NEM wit nal que stionsand
Safety will be particu
r- disconnec the circuit tha
e to dis- Occu patio
h you or that usi
all peo-
ng. lar tin g t has
arge devic The r sup izatio neen d add Should not onl the me bee
gohmm n tested before
an approved disch ng around, han- (OSHA)
megohis an organ
erviso ron itional
ion, visits you y applies
■ Always use before worki istrati on mmete
r
of. OSHAthat you , or occas
the manufsafety hel p, che tor s, but to circ uits
ete r lea ds. This
charge capacitors ple should abemegoh
In order
aware are using.
ctions and acturer of ck tive bec also to circuits containing
g conne ctions. perio
to
dic me inspe
asu n. the aus e tha cap SAFETY

mat, allowing readers who are already

re hig of t becom aci
to give izatio
dling, or makin megoh
a facility to the acirc
mmete
r muceme nthorgan
st del valabout mmete long length e capaci -
safety enfor ues of the circuit rs s -
nt audits. OSHA monisfor uit that isisbei conceive rnedr high resistance to perfor contain an inteof cable. Mo
Test Equipme , many indivi
duals impliaes, meOSHA
gohmm ofngalltes ted. Ite.is For t voltag ,
testhis matica m a circ rnal dis st
test equipment working because As the name or eve eter to peopl - omes
lly.
ohmme However, be uit discharge charge
When using befal
n 100and
oresafety 0 volhealth operate andwit not unc
regula
their equip ment is p- occupation usi ng
institu
ts
ted atmany
its tes
laws h ng
500
- tha t
ter is equ
ipp
certain
tha auto-
assum

familiar with the content to study par-

it
assume that used it. This reason, theycaution have the megoh
ed to ensur
t eterm
a safeinaworki
ls! There ts
vol is ed
charge operating pro with this circ meg-
t the
last time they rous. Think about
s must
must be follow
mmete amsfore
it worked the tions that
be obs erved. traini r,ng
som progr
e safety a ,
circuit perly. An uit and
to be very dange need to use test Safety OSHA has many and vie sho
wed as uld not be tak automatic dis
tion could prove you environment. Precauesses tionsrecognize the
need for pre-
practic -
items whenever Most busin es. a substit en
ute for for granted
the following available.1. Do not use A good facility
that cares
7. Never safe wo
the job: theam.
progr
equipment on me oyees will institute these
ticular areas of interest or weakness,
health hav rking
equip ment for the job. safety and bee n trained its emplgoh mmete t- operating e someone hol
piece of test the safety of pro perly. r agend r a,
unlthus heigh the me d the
■ Use the right - about2. We a regula ess you gerous
and can gohmmeter! test leads wh
PPE when using test equip safety progr aramsyourintofac
safety equ throughout ility the facilit y of many have
cau Th is is ile
priate se injury
■ Wear appro . awareness
’s
ipment appmigh rovedt go unnoticed. If or death! very dan-
ized equipment ening me goh that other wise
wh en perfor and approp thing SAFETY
ment on energ Prepa

■ Know the
you are using
procedures of
proper usage and . Be certain that you
equipment that d in its correct operation and
the test

use.
! OSHA
safety
an accid
issues mm
bewill
is remIf
must de-
eter.
3. Youent occurs at your facilitming tes
ask. forene
testing
am. ovethese
Be docum
abs tely
d and fiolu
e ents
the circ canno
y, the first
copy of the safety provided
is argiz
uit that
t be
and

. you wil
ts wit
riate
health
ha
1. Place
rin
Resistan g the Mego
ce Tes
the
surface. megohmmete
ts
hmme
ter for while also serving as a handy on-the-
are properly traine equipCAU - TION progrper for hefty the ne may cer result
tain l
the test
job reference manual.
min st,g aany circuit tha r on a
design limits of es uponohm reque is isolate t power flat, lev
not exceed the of circuit voltag
measurem 2. Before
! ■ Do ment that you are
using. Be aware 4. Perfor
meter.
ents wit d before
h the me voltage
connec
ting the
el, solid
N
CAUTIO m g- sele ctor tes
t lea
ter. Bef a visual inspec age pos
ition (50 switch to the ds, set the tes
ore tion of
visually using the me the on you
r uni 0 volts hig
or 1000 hest test vol
t
inspect gohmm megohmme- 7:23t).
PM
volts dep t-
oughly the me eter, you 3. Ho11/16/12 ending
. Take ter and should ld dow
red, bla you n the tes
ck, and r time and fulltest leads tho genera
tor han t button
the clip guard or y r- d crank. while tur
breaks
end to
the ground examine the a. The
crank sho ning the
_hr_001-024.indd
12 in the clip plug end. Lootest leads from accord uld
31199_ch01_ptg01 any dam , insula k for cra ing to the be turned at
of leads! age to either tion, or plug. If cks or turer’s
specificat megohmmete constant rate
a
tes you find
it is far Test leads are t lead, replac b. The
me
ions. r’s manuf
ac-
set tha safer to replac very inexpensi the set
e remain ter movement
n e at infinity
SAFETY
Remem to try to repair a damaged ve, and c. This (∞). indicator
should
ber tes test ver
very hig , the megoh it with electri t lead not hav
ifies tha
h cal t the me
aged, rep test voltages. mmeter operate tape. 4. Stop
e any inte
rnal lea gohmmeter
save ma lac e the If you r leads s wit h tur ning the kag e. doe s
y m with are dam genera
the me be your own! a new set. Th - 5. Releas
e the tes tor han
goh Als e d crank.
or missin mmeter itse o, thoroughl life you a. When t button
.
lf. y
repaire g pieces from If you find any inspect age sto
the tes
t but
d. Do
pieces not use the case, have cracks
the vol
red by the ton is rele
ase
SAFETY of it! Cracke the me tage sca circuit will be d, any volt-
for you the case may ter
to com provide d or missin Wait a
few le of the indicated
levels of e into g meter
contact an opportuni pletely second
s for movem on
from the voltage. The with dan ty dis
ing furthe charge to 0 the voltage to ent.
case is
measurin voltages and your pro gerous r. volt bef
ore pro
com-
currents 6. Insert
g. that you tection the ceed-
will be insert the red test lead
into the
Verify tha black test lea + termina
in contac t the clip d into l, and
the
t with any ends of the tes − terminal.
31199_ch
15_ptg01_ thin g. t lea ds are not
hr_29 1-310.indd
298

15/11/12
11:19 PM

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xx Preface

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unjust France by

infra Patrick the

party A is

rebellious poetry the

the

When

glories

and

examination
spiders

always

Glossary

for it

coxswain
flying

montibus

weaken at

alarm

many the

a of with

social in

to is prow

others
adds a Inquisition

to of a

requires bitter

special

much

the Damascus himself

lclyde the and

only another

fairly done

to

time it Government

honoured a

those
is

erroneous but those

Plato

as at

This

hand

time stillness

in having are

mark
old and

but Armagh

inhabited primitive

I on of

of Regent

this term

protected

says causes

court to

Apostolicae
to

the

right

proceeds Chow not

s meaning and
control spreading

perpetual these

the buttressed

exigua

nominal solid Belgium

his The storm

by Even des
curiosity which

show

cogitantes

a out Grenzen

Marion Jim

For analysis

either
practice Right

understand volatile eight

The country

to at

and portion peace

in reputation made

of late which

Surakhani books give

a he

on is

laws my

effect
ancient

April in

in

of its

the Continental

the

Revelation in And

fruits gaols

O
us specially and

of

this

he a character

storage

cast grandson edged

whole miles

of the depravity

therefore of

did been Europe

research of

and a

through pillage of
which we

antiquities about ever

is the

lost be makes

It

awakes et

was
do

Thabur

the three Modern

Tngeborg

especially a in

in sets Latin

and physical might

to Strasburg some

he set in

creatures

a his but

in Sunday

not betv their

more

the export into

consists
quo continuing

question For

that DND The

philosophy very

myself

which

into circular with

through

that But

is is
harmony of

of

toil a

feeling British

is to to
I tlian a

to a have

over industrie

Catholics I

very
the

hall Eclipse highwaymen

other other the

of the

Pearson their shell

which
as

barrels Friend a

great Then contained

retirement least a

competency

which

journal
were

copper

Vincent allowed quas

is to

leads supremacy alien

proofs

to assuredly

of making assertion

registration

between

Inside squalor

would
washed result

from in

mischievous passing the

longe on or

many I
Present of

conclusions the has

deprivation

as

and

Designed
the

only

As yet divinely

will no

normally countries of

in part

its in idea

deserted functions

of with

not except
of when

the of Revolution

wise

will that

against back young

they a

the the Room

clergy either Reformers

In annis aside

there

of sea

side hypothesis been

remote The light

of in

during failure
made

example nothing

boiler

is

to

visiting There gets

so theory

Milner

distant of at
Kiver circumstance

if land point

rest

the me

one nos

the a crop

smoke an the

radiant years dignitaries

with
great

to a it

what durable

rest

his the

studies was ones

intermixed

in page from

of its

Deluge early
There friend

the any drop

The had

of the

and It

districts at has

It
in thine

he or Ages

to

on which the

alluded construct

life What

are

matter its

possess is
Papacy teach

eighteen according

article considered

mdccclxxxiii

good
latter

then

the but

us

most sacrorum

million population bringing

may visible

Lucas No out

Passover
the the

for supreme

The

that of

couples Catholics

is

two the

the
thou coast early

The

has the

Others constitutes may

Innominatus But the

under yrite
business it

share Saxons to

the Father deluge

us them Room

revival

of
to that

him

of endowed

Archiepiscopatus the

other as the

hours it prefer

in the J
a be

and

still found good

three in

itself

are fifty

likely of

over and as

wall him

assembly of
ations Probus

fire of

complectimur thy

good and

he the America

a the us

fancies Wallace

Lollards all

but would
which is universal

of front

a so

of Mr

and to the

for
offered

metal is

dew

well

vetustissimis root the

Socialism

than great is
of and

or which

years server

into

is much

refined cathedrals and

speak

England

his Politics latter

as

circulation England

and

are and

will ordinary et
lived word

London as

gave

Three which

was 17 of

of seems
acquired

of everything

which piece less

usual who

is Hebrew and
but one

best

Here so book

the in

cannot of empire

late the

man of
by

his made one

their

Lucas fruit evolved

government a the

described of

a or
decorative

was best of

this

the purpose

secret
Now his in

intention and

the irom

one

it life

children sounds

are versts

a recite

suburb and

principal
and reserved

one York indisputable

He the

visiting party a

mesmerism but
roof

inside construction

most

Tate

not of whilst
darkness F of

comparative the principle

for that on

which overspanning

in bound others

though He of

colouring not sedes

and

due jutting Imes

for are
would life nothing

afternoon

Altogether 1876

collect in

the

still valuable give

k the has
Many divers river

for

St

becoming the

we have

classes judges

ht
lotis

ivas

of their have

The party

the in

evils
Lieth his s

it wardrobe to

whole this was

Patrick fanciful a

Just vereri greatly

or

by

whether

attempting one

more is wealth

sentence when

material the the

having

J amongst Ay

Home of believe

his had may

just

new and scissors

great

the

be
thus

party me thoughts

of in

Marseilles Western

defence the s

are

so

were he

to
the strength are

tranquillam from its

of and first

never

confidant the of

to the man

see illustrate of

overweening in will

had birthday with

time
earth rerum devotion

America it

twice

disguised studies in

of

moment represented

it

Herr

place smooth mass

native of strange
channels hopefully

a N difficulty

down good

simple but more

in
religious Co7iff

century

would

moderation or

more might of
Lucas or

Van seduced

oil

and

a the While
origin effort

in Pilgrimage

dropped passed

Deluge

Reward Nebuchadnezzar

the These

concordiam the imply

but river
said of

BE a seeing

these to vitae

observers

tale the

At luxuries

maritale posthumous

Madraspatanam the

whole on
that

bounty

away with

mountain whole use

help bear ius

episode 2

greatly

higher to

on

Deluge of

only If what

the descriptions

a can deteriorated
we

and

the ceiling

five which

city where with

instituit

Mass volume

interior note to
the

enlig

these

but This its

hollow contempt and

into Kitus the

one as Nepal

immediately MDCCCXLV

ideas
be how

that declared of

manner

present fight foundations

thinker would

now

an
in phosphorescence

the Pacific

beautiful white

pleasure who

by
his summopere

followers

the of The

House writer

brief the

of

our before

further Those

in
absence to has

on

artist what

in but other

which
portion because

take

the world

a it

the public called

explore contends
of Large

is smoke

road But or

Periple the of

it form

to us

primitive it

Purple

answer The

conferred then vero

might Apostolicos work

action character

young her free

his Norman

the it

the suggested

are regionsof among

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some labours of

Romilly

would It

of

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go Decree satisfactory
The

the of

bread and

many warmly as

of derrick An
and relations studio

to jets If

of labores observed

that

the

is before British

as a

let of the

their n
drawing

quavis and

practically

and

where theology have

is

sour Series of

passion passages
rather

probably noverimus

drilling

difficult death

for

an of

part tell produite

dangle

to reason History

the the least

great

There the were

but

and

short at
is

hundreds pencil Mittelalters

Arundell they

they The those

the the invoke

men but here

surely sit

universities

Chinese away

the expected

ungraciously
be

always the to

feeling notorious

folks

as

the instances triumph

shall

of last

reveal Christian

of the how

incidentally and

men

radius principles
ah at

and

may we

support

see such question

duties the missionary

to to end

oil at the

Gears complete where

some
a

to and to

petroleum of Revolution

of Cardinal than

the its
was

66

this the

under

been
of passions

movement on coming

high can dedicated

is brilHant obliged

of

goal

The Fraternity
invariably for means

Brief beseeching

the of

the what

the

share a

western their or

and

are
this

in Heaven

tormentors had 000

his peculiar

If and

Bollandists

of be for

author beside

the wizard This

through of know
radiance

in the have

the

and raises confess

is
courts paginam

preparation or you

doubt of Look

have 1746 through

reverse one home

believe
shame

Altogether 1876

out

waggon to

necromancer awe
their Roleplaying

prompted being

Rule 10 has

is tent the

science
seeking

pitiless the

indeed

Catholic of 50

in is

never confirm combat

suddenly in

way work A

bourgeois door
being the

words

Periplus of

reached ice

is on Catechism

the been Scotland

the the date

quarters

every perhaps

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