UT-SET (3) Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering

Part – A. Answer ALL Questions.

Question 1: Fill in the blank for following questions. (16 items, 1 mark each)

1. The three major categories of timer are dashpot, clock and ______________________. solid state
2. A ________________ connects or disconnects the motor from the power supply. contactor
3. ____________ _______________ prevents an electric motor from drawing too much current, overheating,
and literally ”burning out”. Overload protection
4. ______________ _________________ is the maximum time in seconds at which the overload relay will trip
when the carrying current is at 600% of its current rating. Trip class
5. An adjustable frequency drive is a device used to convert standard three –phase , 60 Hz input power into
an adjustable _____________ and _____________ source. frequency, voltage
6. An _______________ timer presets period before contacts change state. ON delay
7. The synchronous speed of a motor is determined by the number of poles that the motor has, and the
______________ of the current being supplied to it. frequency
8. The device in the Adjustable frequency drive which convert the incoming AC line current to DC is the
__________________. rectifier
9. The ratio of the adjustable frequency drive’s KW input to KVA input is called its _____________.
power factor
10. The earliest developed type of reduced voltage starter is the primary __________________ reduce voltage
starter. resistor
11. The least expensive of all the reduced voltage starting method is _______________ _____________ .
part winding
12. A limit switch is an ____________________ device that relies on physical contact with the target.
electromechanical
13. The sensor type that can only detect metallic object is the _________ ________________sensor.
Inductive proximity
14. ____________________ is determined by four factors; they are atomic structure, length, width and
temperature. Resistance
15. Alternating current cycles between positive and negative. The number of cycle per seconds is called
frequency. What is the base unit of frequency? Answer ________________________. Hertz (Hz)
16. What are the materials that are neither good conductors nor good insulators known as?
Answer; ____________________ semi-conductor

Question_2 : Choose True or False for following questions. (16 items, 1 mark each)

1. High power transmission pulses of radar system are generated by scanner. (True or False) False
2. The motor starter should prevent automatic restarting should the motor stop because of supply failure.
This is called no-volts release scheme. (True or False) False
3. Speed of the induction motor increases with the increase of load. (True or False) False
4. Insulation monitoring device injects DC Voltage to system and measures the return current (mA) from earth.
That current (mA) reading is indication of earth leakage. (True or False) True
5. The capacity of storage battery is measured in amps. (True or False) False
6. When all the power is reactive power with no real power (usually inductive load) – the power factor is 0.
(True or False) True
7. The generator’s under voltage relay set alarm and act to trip the selected nonessential loads. (True or False)
False
 8. The rotors of high-speed AC generators are usually salient type. (True or False) False
9. Secondary side of a current transformer should always be grounded when not connected to external load.
(True or False) True
10. IGBTs provide the high switching speed necessary for modern inverter operation and are capable of
switching on and off several thousand times a second. (True or False) True
11. A 10 poles AC generator is rotating at 720 rpm. The frequency of AC voltage in cycle per second will be 50.
(True or False) False
12. A short-circuited diode leads to a short-circuited exciter. Rapid overheating of the exciter will occur and the
generator will lose excitation. (True or False) True
13. The selective tripping system will first own the circuit breaker which furthest from the fault. (True or False)
False
14. A closed-loop is a feedback control system where the controlled variable is continuously monitored and
compared with reference variable. (True or False) True
15. When a low voltage power circuit breaker closes, its arcing contacts make before its main contacts. The
arcing contacts also break before the main contacts when the same circuit breaker opens. (True or False)
False
16. With Lamp Sequence (3 lamps) Method, correct synchronization occurs when the top lamp or ‘key lamp’ is
dark and the two bottom lamp are equally bright. (True or False) True

Question_3: Choose the correct answer. (16 items, 1 mark each)

1. What is the purpose of using expansion device in vapour compression cycle?

a. to reduce refrigerant pressure
b. to increase refrigerant pressure
c. to increase the fluid temperature
d. to decrease the vapour temperature (a) to reduce refrigerant pressure

2. An insulation resistance reading is taken at 20◦C and found to be 10 megaohms. What would you expect
the resistance reading to be at 40◦C?
a. 2.5 megohms
b. 10 megohms
c. 15 megohms
d. d. 20 megohms (a) 2.5 megohms

3. Mercury filled thermometers should never be used to determine the temperature of the battery electrolyte
because accidental breakage of the thermometer can cause ________.
a. Severe sparking and explosions
b. Rapid oxidation of battery plates
c. Contamination of the electrolyte
d. Corrosion on the battery terminals (a) Severe sparking and explosions

4. When you are making a high potential test on a piece of repeated electrical machinery, a rise in leakage
current indicates _________________.
a. Good insulation
b. Bad insulation
 c. High insulation power factor
d. A high slot discharge factor (b) Bad insulation
5. The purpose of a main switchboard circuit breaker’s reverse-power trip is to ________.
a. Prevent main circuit overload
b. Protect the circuit breaker blowout coil
c. Prevent alternator motorization
d. Prevent low voltage tripout (c) Prevent alternator motorization

6. A temperature instrumentation system for an engine room console consists of a resistance temperature
detector (RTD), a measuring bridge circuit, and a meter (or alarm circuit). Which of the following statements
is true concerning the measuring bridge circuit?
a. The input voltage varies in a linear fashion with temperature
b. The voltage across the enter of the resistance bridge is always constant.
c. The resistance bridge is said to be balanced with its output voltage is zero.
d. The input voltage of the resistance bridge is the constant temperature signal.
(c) The resistance bridge is said to be balanced with its output voltage is zero.

7. A signal derived from a controlled function and returned to the initiating point is called a/an ____________.
a. Monitoring signal
b. Inverse signal
c. Reverse signal
d. Feedback signal (d) Feedback signal

8. A control system that receives constant feedback about the temperature, pressure, or humidity status is a
____________.
a. Closed-loop system
b. Self-contained control system
c. Open loop system
d. Pneumatic control system (a) Closed-loop system

9. A capacitor can be tested using a megohmmeter or an ohmmeter. If the meter is connected to a shorted
capacitor, the meter pointer should ___________.
a. Immediately swing to the maximum resistance value for the capacitor
b. First swing quickly to ‘zero’, then gradually move up the scale as the capacitor charges
c. Immediately deflect to and remain at zero
d. Immediately swing to a high reading and then gradually decrease
(c) Immediately deflect to and remain at zero

10. Electrical leads and insulation on a motor should be painted with ___________.
a. Heat-resisting acrylic
b. Heat-resisting aluminium
c. Insulating varnish
d. Insulating white lead (c) Insulating varnish

11. A generator is prevented from becoming motorized by the use of a/an ___________.
a. Overspeed trip
b. Reverse power relay
c. Back pressure trip
d. Governor controls (b) Reverse power relay
 12. The standard procedure for maintaining the charge in an emergency diesel starting battery is to trickle
charge the battery_______________.
a. Continuously
b. At least once each week
c. Whenever the charge falls to 75% of full charge
d. Whenever the electrolyte specific gravity falls to 1.250 or lower (a) Continuously

13. The quantity of heat is a substance is measured in _________.

a. Btu (British thermal units)
b. kW (kilowatts)
c. the Rankine scale
d. the Kelvin scale (a) Btu (British thermal units)

14. the electrical energy necessary to power a sound-powered telephone’s small vibrating bell is obtained from
_____________.
a. The emergency batteries for the general alarm
b. Each station’s hand-cranked generator
c. The emergency switchboard
d. Normal 115volt DC supplies (b) Each station’s hand-cranked generator

15. Which of the listed items will stop a motor due to a reduction in voltage and restart it when the voltage is
restored to normal?
a. Low voltage protection circuit
b. Non-renewable link fuse
c. Renewable link fuse
d. Low voltage release circuit (d) Low voltage release circuit

16. A three-phase electrical system is equipped with ground detecting lamps. If one of the lamp goes dark and
the other two burn normally before and after the test switch is operated, this indicates _____________.
a. The dark lamp must be replaced
b. There is a ground in the line with the dark lamp
c. There are grounds in two of the three phases
d. The voltage to the dark lamp is less than that of the system
(a) The dark lamp must be replaced

Question_4: Answer the following quizzes. (16 items, 1 mark each)

1. The circuit illustrated represents a 2 wire DC ground detecting system. If the positive bus is grounded and the
test button is pushed, which of the lamps will be brightest?

A. X

B. Y

C. both will be equal brightness

D. both will go out (c) both will be equal brightness

2. The circuit illustrated represents a single-phase AC ground detecting system. If a ground occurs on line “B”, which
of the lamps will burn the brightest?

A. X

B. Y

C. both will be equal brightness

D. both will go out (a) X

3. In the illustration, the purpose of part B is to ______.

A. increase resistance in series with the contacts as they close to prevent arcing

B. create a magnetic field in the steel plates that interacts with arc to cool and extinguish the arc

C. cause the contacts to open in the event of an overload

D. provide ventilation to the contact when the breaker is close to related capacity

(b) create a magnetic field in the steel plates that interacts with arc to cool and extinguish the arc

4. In the illustration, the component labeled D is a ____.

A. fixed contact

B. moving contact

C. trip bar

D. bimetallic strip (b) moving contact

5. The reading at “K” on the megger scale shown in the illustration, is _______ .

A. 400 ohms

B. 4,000 ohms

C. 40,000 ohms

D. 400,000 ohms (d) 400,000 ohms

6. The reading at “M” on the megger scale shown in the illustration is ______.

A. 7.1 meg ohms

B. .71 meg ohms

C. 71 meg ohms

D. 200,000,000 ohms (a) 7.1 meg ohms

7. A ground detection system is shown in the illustration for a three-phase ungrounded distribution system. Which
of the following statements describes the conditions indicated if a full ground occurs in line “A”?

A. Lamp “A” will burn brightly and lamps “B” and “C” will go out.

B. Lamp “A” will burn brightly and lamps “B” and “C” will burn dimly but not go out

C. Lamp “A” will burn brightly and lamps “B” and “C” will burn with normal intensity

D. Lamp “A” will go out and lamps “B” and “C” will burn brightly

(d) Lamp “A” will go out and lamps “B” and “C” will burn brightly

8. In the illustrated ground detection system with a ground on phase A, if the switch is opened ______.

A. lamp A will dim or go out depending on the severity of the ground

B. all three lamps will return to their normal brightness indicating that the bulbs are not burnt out

C. lamps B and C will dim lamp A will be brighter

D. lamp A will start flicking if the ground is in an AC induction motor.

(b) all three lamps will return to their normal brightness indicating that the bulbs are not burnt out
9. The electrical diagram shown in the illustration (A) represents a _________.

A. series-wound motor

B. shunt-wound motor

C. compound-wound motor

D. flat-compounded motor (c) compound-wound motor

10. As shown in the illustration (B), which set of truth table inputs signals will result in an output signal at point?

A. 0-0 C. 1-0

B. 0-1 D. 1-1 (d) 1-1

11. On the meter scale illustrated, while using the R X 100 scale, the reading at “A” will be ______.

A. 2,000 ohms

B. 20k ohms

C. 200k ohms

D. 3 Meg ohms (b) 20k ohms

12. On the meter scale illustrated, while using the R X 1 scale, the reading at “Z” will be ______.

A. 30 ohms

B. 72 ohms

C. 720 ohms

D. 7.2k ohms (a) 30 ohms

13. What is the resistance value indicated by the multimeter scale illustrated, if the range switch is set at R X 1, and
the needle is at the position indicated by the letter “X”?

A. 8 ohms

B. 6.2 ohms

C. 1.57 ohms

D. 150 ohms (a) 8 ohms

14. If a voltage tester is being used to check for defective fuses in the circuit, shown in the illustration, which of the
readings will indicate that fuse #1 is open?

A. C-B full voltage

B. A-D full voltage

C. A-D no voltage

D. C-B no voltage (c) A-D no voltage

15. In order to determine whether or not “Fuse 1”, shown in the illustration is defective, you should connect the
voltage tester leads across points ______.

A. AC B. AD C. BC D. BD (c) BC

16. Which way does electron current flow in the illustrated device? I. A to B, II.B to A

A. I only

B. II only

C. both I and II

D. neither I or II (a) I only

Part – B. Attempt any (2) questions out of (4).

Question 5(A). What consists of Emergency Generator equipment? (6 marks)

Answer:

An emergency generator is required to run in one space with all its necessary equipment.

This space also contains the emergency switchboard and eventually the emergency lighting transformer and the
emergency lighting switchboard.

The emergency generator equipment must consist of:

▪ Double means of starting: two sets of batteries with each a charger, one set of batteries with an alternative
like a spring starter or a hydraulic starter.
▪ A dedicated fuel tank
▪ An independent cooling system
▪ Air supply fans
▪ Exhaust dampers

Question 5(B). Briefly describe “Echosounder”. (5 marks)

Answer:

The water depth under the ship is measured with an echo sounder.

Transducer in the ship’s bottom sends a sound pulse downward, and receives the bounced pulse.

The distance between ship’s bottom and seabed can be calculated from the time between sending and receiving.

The speed of the pulse through the water is more or less constant. Adjustment settings can be made for the ship’s
draft.

An alarm can be set at any depth below the transducer. The sent sound beam has a conical shape, with the top of
the cone at the transducer.

Question 5(C). Briefly describe preference tripping. (5 marks)

Answer:

If a generator overload condition develops, the power management systems (PMS) disconnect non-essential
services in a define order at set time intervals, e.g.

▪ 1st trip – air conditioning, ventilation, galley and laundry services – 5 seconds
▪ 2nd trip – reefer container sockets on board a container vessel or refrigerated cargo plant on board a reefer
carrier- 10 seconds

The order of tripping varies with the ship type.

When sufficient non-essential load has been disconnected, preference overload trip resets and no further load is
disconnected.
Question 6(A). Briefly describe “Voyage Data Recorder”. (5 marks)

Answer:

Voyage Data Recorder unit consists of a data acquisition unit, acquiring all necessary data from the various
instruments and a data capsule.

The device records information regarding course, speed, communication, alarms, alterations, engine particulars and
what has been said in the wheelhouse.

Data can, if wanted, be transmitted to the shore base of the vessel.

The data acquisition cabinet is normally installed in or near the wheelhouse, the data capsule on the wheelhouse
top.

The latter has to be installed so, that it floats up in case the ship sinks.

Question 2(B). Briefly describe Battery voltage and battery capacity. (6 marks)

Answer:

The nominal cell voltage is approximately 2V for lead acid and; 1.2V for alkaline types:

Hence, 12 lead acid cells or 20 alkaline cells must be connected in series ES to produce a nominal 24V.

More cells may be connected in parallel to increase the battery’s capacity, rated in Ampere-hours (Ah).

The capacity of a ship’s battery is usually rated in terms of its discharge at the 10-hour rate.

Thus, a 350Ah battery would be expected to provide 35A for 10 hours.

However, the battery will generally have a lower capacity at a shorter discharge rate the manufacturer’s discharge
curves must be checked for such details.

After a 10-hour discharge, a lead acid cell’s voltage falls to about 1.8V. The equivalent figure for an alkaline cell is
1.14V.

Question 6(C). Explain why circuit protection is essential and name some fault protection devices. (5 marks)

Answer:

Circuit protection devices are essential in an electrical distribution system:

a) To disconnect faulty equipment in time in order to protect and maintain the power supply to the remaining
healthy circuits in the system;
b) To prevent damage to equipment from the thermal and magnetic forces that occur during short circuit and
overload faults.
c) To protect personnel from electric shock.

Fault Protection Devices are: circuit breakers, fuses, contactors, over-current relays, under-voltage relays, and
reverse power relays.
Question 7(A). Briefly describe GMDSS system. (6 marks)

Answer:

GMDSS stands for Global Maritime Distress and Safety System.

Communication between ship and shore and between ships and ships is worldwide standardized in the GMDSS
system.

It makes use of the satellite communications now available through the international maritime satellite INMARSAT
system.

The system provides automatic communications with an override facility for distress calls several service standards
are provided. INMARSAT B and C have a distress alerting facility at the press of a button.

Areas served by VHF shore stations are called A1 and areas served by MF/HF shore stations are called A2.

Question 7(B). What is Arc and Arc Blast. (5 marks)

Answer:

An arc is a discharge of electrical current across a gap.

An arc fault is a high-power discharge of electricity between two or more conductors.

The radiation of heat in an arc is very high and it can very easily set a person’s clothes on fire.

Arc blast pressure derives from two things. First, the expansion of metal in a boiling, vaporizing state, and second
the heating of ambient air by passage of the arc.

The mixture of vaporized water and metal in air near the arc generates a rapidly expanding plasma of ionized vapor,
which can lead to extensive injuries.

Question 7(C). Briefly describe Fire detection and alarm systems onboard ship. (5 marks)

Answer:

In order to detect a fire at least one fire product needs to be identified fire detection systems are designed to be
sensitive towards different fire signatures; smoke heat, flames or gas.

Detectors consist of heat detectors in galley and laundry, smoke/heat detectors in cabins and public Spaces and
smoke/ heat/flame detectors in engine room spaces.

Most systems for larger ships are addressable so that a fire is pinpointed to a cabin or limited space and not to a
complete loop that covers a fire zone with many spaces, and many detectors.

This makes it easier to attack the fire.

Question 8(A). Briefly describe Ship’s navigation lights. (6 marks)

Answer:

The most common arrangement is to have specially designed navigation running lights referred to as foremast,
Mainmast, Port, Starboard and Stern.

Two anchor lights fitted forward and aft, may also be switched from the Navigation light panel on the bridge.

For ship’s longer than 50 meters, the masthead lights must be visible from a range of six nautical miles and other
navigational lights from three nautical miles.

To achieve such visibility, special incandescent filament lamps are used with a typical power rating of 65 W.

Due to the essential safety requirements all navigation lights have two fittings at each position, or two lamps and
lamp holders with a dual fitting.

Each light must be separately supplied, fused, monitored and switched from the navigation light switchboard on
the bridge.

Question 8(B). Why is it essential to know whether the phase sequence of the incoming shore’s supply “correct??
(4 marks)

Answer:

By “correct” we mean that it is the same sequence as the ship’s supply (red-yellow-blue). A reversed phase sequence
(red-blue-yellow) will produce a reversed shaft rotation in all three-phase motors because the direction of their
rotating magnetic fields will be reversed with disastrous results.

This fault is remedied by interchanging any two conductors of the shore supply cable at the connection box.

Question 8(C). What is the purpose of each part of a PLC (Counters, Timers, Input Relays, Internal Utility Relays,
Output Relays and Data Storage? Which ones physically exist? (6 marks)

Answer:

Counters count pulses. They do not physically exist.

Timers are instructions that wait a specified time before doing something. They do not physically exist.

Input relays receive signals from switches, sensors, etc. They physically exist.

Internal Utility Relays are simulated relays that enable a PLC to external relays. They do not physically exist.

Output Relays send On/OFF signals to solenoids, lights, etc. They physically exist PLCs contain registers assigned to
store data. They do not physically exist.