Operations to be performed on Functions
Let's go through each operation with examples and explanations.
### 1. Defining a Function
Defining a function involves creating a function with the `def` keyword followed by the function
name and parentheses.
def greet():
print("Hello, World!")
```
### 2. Calling a Function
Calling a function involves using the function name followed by parentheses.
greet() # Output: Hello, World!
```
### 3. Function with Parameters
A function can take parameters to process data.
def greet(name):
print(f"Hello, {name}!")
greet("Alice") # Output: Hello, Alice!
```
### 4. Function with Return Value
A function can return a value using the `return` keyword.
def add(a, b):
return a + b
result = add(3, 4)
print(result) # Output: 7
```
### 5. Default Parameters
Functions can have default parameter values, which are used if no argument is provided.
def greet(name="World"):
print(f"Hello, {name}!")
greet() # Output: Hello, World!
greet("Alice") # Output: Hello, Alice!
```
### 6. Keyword Arguments
Keyword arguments allow you to specify arguments by name.
def greet(name, message):
print(f"Hello, {name}! {message}")
greet(message="How are you?", name="Alice") # Output: Hello, Alice! How are you?
```
### 7. Variable-length Arguments
Functions can take an arbitrary number of arguments using `*args` and `**kwargs`.
def greet(*names):
for name in names:
print(f"Hello, {name}!")
greet("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie")
# Output:
# Hello, Alice!
# Hello, Bob!
# Hello, Charlie!
def greet(**kwargs):
for key, value in kwargs.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")
greet(name="Alice", age=30)
# Output:
# name: Alice
# age: 30
```
### 8. Lambda Functions
Lambda functions are small anonymous functions defined using the `lambda` keyword.
add = lambda a, b: a + b
print(add(3, 4)) # Output: 7
```
### 9. Nested Functions
Functions can be defined within other functions.
def outer_function():
def inner_function():
print("Hello from inner function!")
inner_function()
outer_function()
# Output: Hello from inner function!
```
### 11. Anonymous Functions
An anonymous function can be created using `lambda`.
square = lambda x: x * x
print(square(5)) # Output: 25
```
```
