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Contents in a Glance
Preface xiii

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Programming 1

Chapter 2 Input, Processing, and Output 31

Chapter 3 Decision Structures and Boolean Logic 109

Chapter 4 Repetition Structures 159

Chapter 5 Functions 209

Chapter 6 Files and Exceptions 287

Chapter 7 Lists and Tuples 343

Chapter 8 More About Strings 407

Chapter 9 Dictionaries and Sets 439

Chapter 10 Classes and Object-Oriented Programming 489

Chapter 11 Inheritance 551

Chapter 12 Recursion 577

Chapter 13 GUI Programming 597

Appendix A Installing Python 659

Appendix B Introduction to IDLE 663

Appendix C The ASCII Character Set 671

Appendix D Predefined Named Colors 673

Appendix E More About the Statement 679

Appendix F Installing Modules with the Utility 683

Appendix G Answers to Checkpoints 685

Index 703

Credits 721
Contents
Preface xiii

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers and Programming 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Hardware and Software 2

1.3 How Computers Store Data 7

1.4 How a Program Works 12

1.5 Using Python 20

Review Questions 24

Chapter 2 Input, Processing, and Output 31

2.1 Designing a Program 31

2.2 Input, Processing, and Output 35

2.3 Displaying Output with the Function 36

2.4 Comments 39

2.5 Variables 40

2.6 Reading Input from the Keyboard 49

2.7 Performing Calculations 53

2.8 More About Data Output 65

 2.9 Named Constants 73

2.10 Introduction to Turtle Graphics 74

Review Questions 100

Programming Exercises 104

Chapter 3 Decision Structures and Boolean Logic 109

3.1 The Statement 109

3.2 The Statement 118

3.3 Comparing Strings 121

3.4 Nested Decision Structures and the Statement 125

3.5 Logical Operators 133

3.6 Boolean Variables 139

3.7 Turtle Graphics: Determining the State of the Turtle 140

Review Questions 148

Programming Exercises 151

Chapter 4 Repetition Structures 159

4.1 Introduction to Repetition Structures 159

4.2 The Loop: A Condition-Controlled Loop 160

4.3 The Loop: A Count-Controlled Loop 168

4.4 Calculating a Running Total 179

4.5 Sentinels 182

 4.6 Input Validation Loops 185

4.7 Nested Loops 190

4.8 Turtle Graphics: Using Loops to Draw Designs 197

Review Questions 201

Programming Exercises 203

Chapter 5 Functions 209

5.1 Introduction to Functions 209

5.2 Defining and Calling a Void Function 212

5.3 Designing a Program to Use Functions 217

5.4 Local Variables 223

5.5 Passing Arguments to Functions 225

5.6 Global Variables and Global Constants 235

5.7 Introduction to Value-Returning Functions: Generating Random

Numbers 239

5.8 Writing Your Own Value-Returning Functions 250

5.9 The Module 261

5.10 Storing Functions in Modules 264

5.11 Turtle Graphics: Modularizing Code with Functions 268

Review Questions 275

Programming Exercises 280

Chapter 6 Files and Exceptions 287
6.1 Introduction to File Input and Output 287

6.2 Using Loops to Process Files 304

6.3 Processing Records 311

6.4 Exceptions 324

Review Questions 337

Programming Exercises 340

Chapter 7 Lists and Tuples 343

7.1 Sequences 343

7.2 Introduction to Lists 343

7.3 List Slicing 351

7.4 Finding Items in Lists with the in Operator 354

7.5 List Methods and Useful Built-in Functions 355

7.6 Copying Lists 362

7.7 Processing Lists 364

7.8 Two-Dimensional Lists 376

7.9 Tuples 380

7.10 Plotting List Data with the Package 383

Review Questions 399

Programming Exercises 402

Chapter 8 More About Strings 407
8.1 Basic String Operations 407

8.2 String Slicing 415

8.3 Testing, Searching, and Manipulating Strings 419

Review Questions 431

Programming Exercises 434

Chapter 9 Dictionaries and Sets 439

9.1 Dictionaries 439

9.2 Sets 462

9.3 Serializing Objects 474

Review Questions 480

Programming Exercises 485

Chapter 10 Classes and Object-Oriented Programming 489

10.1 Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming 489

10.2 Classes 493

10.3 Working with Instances 510

10.4 Techniques for Designing Classes 532

Review Questions 543

Programming Exercises 546

Chapter 11 Inheritance 551

 11.1 Introduction to Inheritance 551

11.2 Polymorphism 566

Review Questions 572

Programming Exercises 574

Chapter 12 Recursion 577

12.1 Introduction to Recursion 577

12.2 Problem Solving with Recursion 580

12.3 Examples of Recursive Algorithms 584

Review Questions 592

Programming Exercises 594

Chapter 13 GUI Programming 597

13.1 Graphical User Interfaces 597

13.2 Using the Module 599

13.3 Display Text with Widgets 602

13.4 Organizing Widgets with 605

13.5 Widgets and Info Dialog Boxes 608

13.6 Getting Input with the Widget 611

13.7 Using Labels as Output Fields 614

13.8 Radio Buttons and Check Buttons 622

13.9 Drawing Shapes with the Widget 629

 Review Questions 651

Programming Exercises 654

Appendix A Installing Python 659

Appendix B Introduction to IDLE 663

Appendix C The ASCII Character Set 671

Appendix D Predefined Named Colors 673

Appendix E More About the Statement 679

Appendix F Installing Modules with the Utility 683

Appendix G Answers to Checkpoints 685

Index 703

Credits 721
 Location of Videonotes in the Text
Chapter 1 Using Interactive Mode in IDLE , p. 23

Performing Exercise 2 , p. 28

Chapter 2 The Function , p. 36

Reading Input from the Keyboard , p. 49

Introduction to Turtle Graphics , p. 5

The Sales Prediction Problem , p. 104

Chapter 3 The Statement , p. 109

The Statement , p. 118

The Areas of Rectangles Problem , p. 151

Chapter 4 The Loop , p. 160

The Loop , p. 168

The Bug Collector Problem , p. 203

Chapter 5 Defining and Calling a Function , p. 212

Passing Arguments to a Function , p. 225

Writing a Value-Returning Function , p. 250

 The Kilometer Converter Problem , p. 280

The Feet to Inches Problem , p. 281

Chapter 6 Using Loops to Process Files , p. 304

File Display , p. 340

Chapter 7 List Slicing , p. 351

The Lottery Number Generator Problem , p. 402

Chapter 8 The Vowels and Consonants problem , p. 435

Chapter 9 Introduction to Dictionaries , p. 439

Introduction to Sets , p. 462

The Capital Quiz Problem , p. 486

Chapter 10 Classes and Objects , p. 493

The class , p. 546

Chapter 11 The and Classes , p. 575

Chapter 12 The Recursive Multiplication Problem , p. 594

Chapter 13 Creating a Simple GUI application , p. 602

Responding to Button Clicks , p. 608

 The Name and Address Problem , p. 654

Appendix B Introduction to IDLE , p. 663

Preface
Welcome to Starting Out with Python, Fourth Edition. This book uses the
Python language to teach programming concepts and problem-solving skills,
without assuming any previous programming experience. With easy-to-
understand examples, pseudocode, flowcharts, and other tools, the student
learns how to design the logic of programs then implement those programs
using Python. This book is ideal for an introductory programming course or a
programming logic and design course using Python as the language.

As with all the books in the Starting Out With series, the hallmark of this text is
its clear, friendly, and easy-to-understand writing. In addition, it is rich in
example programs that are concise and practical. The programs in this book
include short examples that highlight specific programming topics, as well as
more involved examples that focus on problem solving. Each chapter provides
one or more case studies that provide step-by-step analysis of a specific
problem and shows the student how to solve it.

Control Structures First, Then Classes

Python is a fully object-oriented programming language, but students do not
have to understand object-oriented concepts to start programming in Python.
This text first introduces the student to the fundamentals of data storage, input
and output, control structures, functions, sequences and lists, file I/O, and
objects that are created from standard library classes. Then the student learns
to write classes, explores the topics of inheritance and polymorphism, and
learns to write recursive functions. Finally, the student learns to develop
simple event-driven GUI applications.

Changes in the Fourth Edition

This book’s clear writing style remains the same as in the previous edition.
However, many additions and improvements have been made, which are
summarized here:

New sections on the Python Turtle Graphics library have been added to
Chapters 2 through 5 . The Turtle Graphics library, which is a
standard part of Python, is a fun and motivating way to introduce
programming concepts to students who have never written code before.
The library allows the student to write Python statements that draw
graphics by moving a cursor on a canvas. The new sections that have
been added to this edition are:
Chapter 2 : Introduction to Turtle Graphics
Chapter 3 : Determining the State of the Turtle
Chapter 4 : Using loops to draw designs
Chapter 5 : Modularizing Turtle Graphics Code with Functions
The new Turtle Graphics sections are designed with flexibility in mind.
They can be assigned as optional material, incorporated into your existing
syllabus, or skipped altogether.
Chapter 2 has a new section on named constants. Although Python
does not support true constants, you can create variable names that
symbolize values that should not change as the program executes. This
section teaches the student to avoid the use of “magic numbers,” and to
create symbolic names that his or her code more self-documenting and
easier to maintain.
 Chapter 7 has a new section on using the matplotlib package to plot
charts and graphs from lists. The new section describes how to install the
matplotlib package, and use it to plot line graphs, bar charts, and pie
charts.
Chapter 13 has a new section on creating graphics in a GUI application
with the Canvas widget. The new section describes how to use the Canvas
widget to draw lines, rectangles, ovals, arcs, polygons, and text.
Several new, more challenging, programming problems have been added
throughout the book.
Appendix E is a new appendix that discusses the various forms of the
import statement.
Appendix F is a new appendix that discusses installing third-party
modules with the pip utility.

Brief Overview of Each Chapter

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