SO GIAO DVC VA DAO T�O HA TiNH KY THI TUYEN vAo LOP 10
TRUONG THPT CHUYEN HA TiNH
DE THI CHiNH THUC NAM HQC: 2021 - 2022
MON: TOAN CHUYEN
Thai gian lam bai: 15 0 phut
Cau 1. (1,5 diim)
Cho a,b,c lacacs6thgc doi m9t phan bi�t, rut g<;m bi�u thuc:
3 3 3
(a_- b (b-_
_ ) _+ (_ c-_ �a) _ _
_ c) _ +
A=-----'-2 � � � �
a(b-c)+b2(c- a)+c2(a- b) ·
Cau 2. (2,5 diim)
a) Giai phucmg trinh: 9x2 = (x2 +x-s)(.J3x+l-lr.
=0
b) Giai h� phucmg trinh: { ✓-----
x 3+xy 2+2y 3
2x 3 - x +8y 2+3y = 4
Cau 3. (2,5 diim)
a)Timcacs6nguyen m ,n thoa man m(m+l)(m+2 ) =n 2 •
b) Cho x, y lacacs6thgc ducmg thoa man X+y+xy = 3. Tim gia tri l&n nhdtcua bi�u thuc:
Cau 4. (2,5 diim).
Cho nua duong trcm tam O duong kinh AB. G9i I la di�mchinh giuacung AB. Trencung l&n AB cua duong
trcm tam I ban kinh IA ldy di�m C saocho tam giac ABC nh9n. G9i M,N lful lugt la giao di�mcua CA,CB
v6i nua duong trcm duong kinh AB ( M khac A,N khac B); J la giao di�mcua AN v6i BM.
a) Chung minh b,,.MBC va b,,.NAC lacac tam giaccan.
b) Chung minh I la trgc tamcua tam giac CMN.
. C
c) G91 K 1'a trung d"" ' L'J, t1'nh ti' so;.. J .
1emcua
OK
Cau 5. (1,0 diim)
Cho t�p hgp X = {l; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9}, chia t�p hgp X thanh hai t�p hgp khac rfing va khong c6 phful tu
chung. Chung minh rfulg v6i m9i eachchia thi luon tfin tl;li 3s6 a,b,C trong m9t t�p hgp thoa man a+ C = 2b.
----HET----
H9 va ten thi sinh: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... S6 bao danh: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
LOI GIA.I CHI TIET
Cau 1. (1,5 diim)
Cho a, b, c lacac s6 thµc doi m<)t phan bi�t, rut gQn bi€u thuc:
Loi giai
Ta bi�t rfulg n�u x+y+z= 0 thi x 3 + y3 +z 3 -3.xyz= (x+ y+z)(x 2 + y2 +z 2 -xy-yz-zx)= 0 do do:
x 3 + y3 +z 3 = 3xyz.
Taco:
a 2 ( b - c)+ b 2 ( c - a)+c 2 (a - b)= ( a - b)c 2 -( a 2 - b 2 ) c+ ab (a - b)
= (a-b)[c 2 -(a+b)c+ab]= (a-b)(c-a)(c-b)
= -(a-b)(b-c)(c-a).
D�t x= a-b, y= b-c, z= c-a khi do taco:
x 3 + y3 +z 3
A=-----=-3.
xyz
V�y A=-3.
Cau 2. (2,5 diim)
a) Giai phucmg trinh: 9x 2 = (x 2 +x-s)(.J3x+1-1f.
x 3 +xy 2 +2y3 = 0
b) Giai h� phucmg trinh: { ✓�-
2x 3 -x +8y 2 +3y= 4
Loi giai
a) Di�u ki�n: x 2:-½- Phucmg trinh tucmg ducmg:
9x 2 ( .J3x +1+1 r r(
= ( x 2 + X - 5)(-J3x + l -1 .J3x +1+1 r
¢? 9x
2
( .J3x+1+if= (x 2 +x-5)·9x 2
r
x=O
{:} x 2 +x-5= (-J3x+1+1 (1)"
Taco:
✓
(1)� x 2-2x-7= 2 3x+l� 2x 2-4x-l4= 4 3x+l ✓
✓
� 2x 2-7x-l5+ 3x+l (.J3x+l-4) = 0
�(x-5) (2x+3)+ Fx+l✓
3(x-5) 3x+l
=0
J!!ff1 ]=o
3x+l+4
�(x-5)(2x+3+
3x+l+4
x= 5
� 3 3x+l
2x+3 +�=�-= 0.
✓
3x+l+4✓
Do x2'.-_!_=?2x+3>0=?2x+3+
3 3x+l+4
=0 vilnghi�. J!!ff1
V�y phucmg trinh da cho c6 nghi�m x = 0, x = 5.
✓12 - -
--<x<0
3 -
b)ri.·::.
v1eu ki�en:
. 2x x ->0 �
1
-✓
x> -2
Phucmg trinh thu nhdt cua h� tucmg ducmg:
x 3 +xy2 +2y 3 = 0 � (x 3 + l)+(xy 2 + l)= 0
� ( X+y)( X 2 - xy+y 2 )+y 2 ( X+y)= 0
�(x+y)(x 2-xy+2y 2 ) = 0
X=-y
�
x 2-xy+2y 2 = 0
Ven X =-y, thay vao phucmg trinh thu hai ta dugc: ✓2x -x +8x -3x-4= 0.
3 2
-
x-0
;.
Neu ✓2x -x+x=O�{ 2x 3-x = x 2 �
3
-X 2: 0 X::::; 0
� l-
{ x ( 2x + 1 )( x-l )= 0 x= --
2
V6i x = 0, ta thdy phucmg trinh vo nghi�m va phucmg trinh nh� m<)t nghi�m la x = - �.
Do d6 xet x :;t= _ _!_, phucmg trinh tucmg ducmg:
2
✓2x3 -x-x+8x2 -4x-4 =0
x(2x+l)(x-1)
� -----;:::====-� + 4(2x +1)(x- l)=0
✓ 2x3 -x+x
� (2x+l)(x-1)[ +4] =0
x
✓2x3 -x+x
x=l
+4=0·
� X
✓2x3 -x+x
Tac6:
+4= 0�4 ✓2x3 -x =-5x
x
3
✓2x -x+x
-x>O x<O x<O 25-9.Jii
�! � { �
x(32x - l6x- 25) =0 64
! �x=---.
32x -l6x= 25x 32x -l6x-25 =0
3 2 2 2
, h ¥A cho co
, banghi¥m: 1 l 25-9.Jii 25+9.Jii
Do d,o trong truang
, hgp nay A
(x; Y )=(1;-1) [- ; l [ ;- l·
, 2 2 , 64 64
V6i x'-xy+2y 2 = 0 # [x- �r +: y 2 = 0 # x=y = 0. Thir l\U thAy khOng th6amiin.
Cau 3. (2,5 di�m)
a)Tim cac s6 nguyen m, n thoaman m(m+l)(m+2)= n2 •
b ) Cho x, y la cac s6 thµc duang thoaman x +y +xy= 3. Tim gia tri Ian nhfrt cuabi€uthuc:
Loi giai
m>O
a)Tac6: m(m+l)(m+2)=n 2 ⇒ m(m+l)(m+2)2:0 ⇒ -
-2:S m:S-1
V6i mE{-2;-1;0} tad�uc6 n=O.
Xet m>O, tac6: n2 chiah�t cho m ⇒ n chiah�t cho m ⇒ n=km v6i kEf .
f
Khi d6 thay vao phuang trinh tadugc:
m (m+l)(m+2)=m2 k 2 � (m+l)(m+2)=mk 2 .
Vi gcd (m; m+l) ⇒ k 2 chia h�t cho (m+l) ⇒ k chia h�t cho (m+l) ⇒ k = I (m+l) v6i / E N .
°
Khi d6 thay vao phucmg trinh ta dugc:
2 (
(m+l)(m+2)=m(m+l) z 2 �m+2=m(m+l)z 2 �(m+l) m/ 2 -l)=1� { 2
m+l=1
ml -l=l
Phucmg nay VO nghi�m v�y do d6 m > 0 thi khong t6n t� m, n nguyen thoa man yeu du bai tmin.
V�y phucmg trinh da cho c6 nghi�m (m;n) = (-2;0), (-1;0), (0;0).
b) Ta c6: ✓9-x + ✓9-y
2 2
:'.S ,j2 (9-x +9-y ) = .J2[1s-(x +y )].
2 2 2 2
M�t khac 2 (x + l) 2: (x+ y)
2 2
⇒ .J2[1s-(x2 + l)] :'.S ,J36-(x+ y)2 •
Ta 1� c6: ✓36-t = v2� ✓(12-2t)(6+t) :'.S 12-227i2 6+t = 182v2
2 -;).
2 2
, . P < 18-t +--t - 18✓ +(1- ✓ t )
Do do. - 2v2,-;:; 4 4
✓
Ta c6: 3 =x+ y+xy ⇒ 4 =(x+l)(y+l) ⇒ 4 =2 (x+l)(y+l) :'.S x+ y+2 ⇒ x+ y 2: 2, hay t 2: 2.
2 2 2
2 18✓ +2(1- ✓ ) 1+8✓
Chu y 1- ✓ <0 nen P :'.S = . Dang thuc xay ra khi va chi khi t =2 hay x = y= l.
4 2
+
' P l'a l g..fi. d1;1t dugc khi x = y = 1 .
V1;1y gia tq l'cm nh;.at cua
A
2
· ' •
Cau 4. (2,5 di�m).
Cho nfra duong trcm tam O duong kinh AB. G9i I la diSm chinh gifra cung AB. Tren cung l&n AB cua duong
trcm tam I ban kinh IA lfry diSm C sao cho tam giac ABC nh9n. G9i M, N lfui lugt la giao diSm cua CA, CB
v6i nua duong trcm duong kinh AB ( M khac A, N khac B); J la giao diSm cua AN v6i BM.
a) Chung minh b,,.MBC va b,,.NAC la cac tam giac can.
b) Chung minh I la trµc tam cua tam giac CMN.
.
c) G91 K l'a trung d"1em
x cua
' L'J, t1'nh ti' so:. CJ .
OK
Loi giai
a) Vi J la di€m chinh giua cung AB nen tam giac JAB vuong can t�i I.
]._ ]._
Khi d6: LACB= LAIB= ·90 ° =45 ° , hay LACN=45 °.
2 2
M�t khac LANC = 180 ° - LANB = 180 ° - 90 ° = 90 °.
!::JvAC vuong t�i N co LACN =45 ° nen !::JvAC vuong can t�i N.
Chung minh tuong n,r ta ciing c6: LBCM =45 ° va l::,.MBC vuong t�i M nen l::,.MBC vuong can t�i M.
Tir day suy ra diSu phai chung minh.
b) Ta c6: LINC= LIAB =45 ° do cung ph\l v6i LINB.
Ma LINA = LIBA =45 ° do d6 LINC= LINA=45 ° hay NI la phan giac cua tam giac vuong can NAC.
Do d6 NI ..l AC hay NI ..l MC.
Chung minh tuong n,r ta ciing c6 MI ..l NC.
Do d6 J la trgc tam cua tam giac CMN.
c) Do LANB = LAMB = 90 ° nen de dang suy ra J la trgc tam tam giac CAB.
Khi d6 ta c6 MI II JN do cimg vuong g6c v6i BC va MJ II IN do cimg vuong g6c v6i AC.
Tir d6 tu giac MINJ la hinh binh hanh, suy ra K ciing la trung di€m cua MN, dfui d�n OK ..l MN.
G9i S la di€m d6i xung cua C qua I, khi d6 !::,.CAB m)i ti�p ducmg trcm ducmg kinh CS c6 J la trgc tam cua
!::,.CAB nen theo b6 dS quen thu(k thi tu giac AJBS la hinh binh hanh, suy ra 0, J, S thfulg hang.
Tir d6 OJ la ducmg trung binh cua l::,.CSJ ⇒ CJ = 201 = AB.
2
. khac !:).CMN d6ng dang
Mat . v6i !:).CBA nen:
MN CN
= =cos 45° ⇒ MN= AB✓ .
AB CA 2
2
MN AB✓
= [AB) +[AB) AB2
2 2
OM 2 +ON2
Tac6 = . O ⇒ OK=
= MN nen !:).OMN vuongcantai = .
2
2 2 2 2 4
AB 2
Do d6 CJ= 2 =2✓ .
OK AB✓
4
C 2
Va. J =2✓ .
Y OK
Cau 5. (1,0 di�m)
Cho t�p hqp X = {I; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9}, chia t�p hqp X thanh hai t�p hqp khac r6ng va khong c6 ph�n tu
chung. Chung minh dng v6i m9i eachchiathi luont6nt<;li 3 s6 a, b, C trong m(>tt�p hqpthoa man a+ C = 2b.
Loi giai
Tachung minh bfulg phuong pha p phanchung. Gia si'r khongt6nt<;lit<;li 3 s6 a, b, c trong hait�p hqpthoa man
a+ c = 2b. D�t hait�p hqp d6 lk luqt la A va B.
Vi trong m6i t�p hqp khong t6n t<;li ba s6 a, b, c thoa man a+ c = 2b nen b(> s6 (1;5;9) d�u khong th€ cung
thu(>c A ho�c B.
Khong mittinht6ng quat gia SU 1E A.
Ta xet haitrm'mg hqp:
• 9E A. Suy ra 5EB.
NSu 7EA ⇒ 4EB va 8EB ⇒ 3EA ⇒ 2EB ⇒ 6EA, mauthufuido (2;5;8) d�uthu(>c B.
NSu 7EB ⇒ 6E A. Ta xettiSp haitrm'mg hqp:
+ 3EA ⇒ 2EB ⇒ 4EB, mauthufuido (3;6;9) d�uthu(>c A.
+ 3EB, mauthufuido (3;5;7) d�uthu(>c B.
• 9EB. Suy ra 5EA ⇒ 3EB ⇒ 6EA ⇒ 4EB ⇒ 7EB ⇒ 2EA va 8EA mauthufuido (2;5;8) d�u
thu(>c B.
V�ytrong m9itruong hqp d�ut6nt<;li b(> ba s6 a, b, c trong m(>tt�p hqpthoa man a+ c = 2b.
--------------Chuc cac h,n hqc t6t!--------------
