Name: BAYBAYAN, ARNOLD JR., G.
Subject: DATA SCIENCE
Course/yr/section: BSARCH_5A Date: August, 22, 2025
DATA SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT :
1. DIFFERENCE OF DATA SCIENCE AND DATA ANALYTICS
Ans:
Data Science is broader because it uses statistics, programming, and machine learning to discover new insights and make
predictions from large and complex data. While Data Analytics is narrower because it focuses on analyzing existing data, finding
patterns, and giving conclusions to support business decisions.
In short: Data Science = prediction and model-building, while Data Analytics = interpretation and decision-making.
Reference: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/data-science/data-science-vs-data-analytics/
2. IDENTIFY VARIOUS DATA TYPES AND SOURCES
Ans.
TYPES:
Quantitative Data - It answers the questions how much. It is divided into discrete and continuous data
Qualitative Data - It answers the questions how, why and what.
Structured data - conforms to predefined data models.
Unstructured data - does not conform to data models
Semi-structured data - is a blend of structured and semi-structured data
Primary data - is collected at the source, directly from the subject being studied.
Secondary data - includes any data originally sourced and compiled by others
Cross-sectional data - captures a dataset's characteristics at a single point in time.
Time-series data - tracks multiple data points over consistent time intervals.
SOURCES:
Text files - The most basic method for data storage is using a text file.
Database - The database is a commonly used way to securely store data, generally in tabular form and efficiently manage huge
amounts of data.
CSV files - When opened in software like Excel, CSV displays like an excel sheet, where data is stored column-wise and row-wise.
Cloud Data warehouses / Cloud Databases - With the ability to set up huge machines and elastic property, cloud computing is
emerging globally and has great future potential.
Multimedia data - Certain data will be present in multimedia forms like Images or Audio.
Social Media / APIs - This Medium article demonstrates this scenario wherein data is fetched from Twitter hashtags and
sentiment analysis is performed on it for natural language processing.
References: https://medium.com/analytics-vidhya/various-data-sources-in-data-science-overview-and-usage-cdbf7e86dbbd
https://databasetown.com/types-of-data-in-data-science/
3. EXPLAIN THE DATA ANALYTICS PROCESS
Ans.
Step 1: Determine the criteria for grouping the data
Data can be divided by a range of different criteria such as age, population, income, or sex. The values of the data can be
numerical or categorical data.
Step 2: Collecting the data
Data can be collected through several sources, including online sources, computers, personnel, and sources from the
community.
Step 3: Organizing the data
The data must be organized after it is collected so that it can be examined. Data organization can take place on a spreadsheet or
other type of software that is capable of taking statistical data.
Step 4: Cleaning the data
The data is first cleaned up to ensure that there is no overlap or mistake. Then, it is reviewed to make sure that it is not
incomplete. Cleaning the data helps to fix or eliminate any mistakes before the data goes to a data analyst for analysis.
Reference: https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/data-science/data-analytics/
4. RECOGNIZE THE TYPES OF DATA ANALYTICS AND THEIR APPLICATION
Ans.
Descriptive Analytics - Descriptive analytics asks the question, “What has happened?” Descriptive analytics looks backward, not
forward, providing a comprehensive picture of previous events unfolding
ex:
Dashboard reporting
Fraud detection
Product demand forecasts
Sales performance
Diagnostic Analytics - Diagnostic analytics asks the question, “Why did this happen?” It examines the factors leading to an event
to explain why the issue occurred.
ex:
Drill-down
Regression analysis
Retrospective analysis
Root cause analysis
Predictive Analytics - Predictive analytics asks the question, “What is going to happen in the future?” Predictive analysis uses
existing data to predict future outcomes and trends.
ex:
Customer Pricing
Direct Marketing
Retail Sales Forecasting
Prescriptive Analytics - Prescriptive analysis asks the question, “What should we do?” This analysis type takes predictive
analytics a step further by using past data and trends to suggest future actions.
ex:
Bid on a new project, and the asking price
Build a new manufacturing plant or close an existing one
Hire extra staff for a particular department
Initiate a new product line or discontinue a current one
Send a targeted ad to a chosen group of customers
Applications:
Banking: Uses data analytics for risk management, fraud detection, credit assessment, and personalized financial services.
Cybersecurity: Detects threats by analyzing user behavior and network activity to prevent cyber-attacks and protect sensitive
data.
E-commerce: Analyzes customer behavior to give product recommendations, improve marketing, and personalize shopping
experiences.
Finance: Helps in investment strategies, fraud detection, risk assessment, and offering personalized financial advice.
Healthcare: Improves patient care, disease prevention, and operations by analyzing patient data and treatment effectiveness.
Internet Searches: Powers search engines by analyzing user queries and behaviors to deliver accurate and personalized results.
Logistics: Optimizes routes, fleet management, and supply chain efficiency to reduce delivery times and costs.
Manufacturing: Enhances production, predictive maintenance, and product quality by analyzing machine and sensor data.
Retail: Improves pricing, inventory, and customer personalization by analyzing sales, trends, and customer feedback.
Risk Management: Assesses risks and develops strategies through analysis of market trends and historical data.
Supply Chain Management: Reduces costs and improves efficiency by forecasting demand, identifying bottlenecks, and
optimizing distribution.
Reference: https://pg-p.ctme.caltech.edu/blog/data-analytics/data-analytics-applications-types-use-cases-tools
5. THE SIGNIFICANCE/APPLICATION OF DATA SCIENCE TO ARCHITECTURE
Applications of Data Science in Architecture
Data science can be used in various ways in architecture, including building design, building management, and construction. One
of the most significant applications of data science in architecture is in the design process. Architects can use data science
techniques such as machine learning and artificial intelligence to analyze vast amounts of data related to building materials,
climate, energy consumption, and user behaviour to design more efficient and sustainable buildings. Another important
application of data science in architecture is in building management. Building managers can use data science techniques to
collect and analyze data related to building performance, energy consumption, and user behaviour to optimize building
operations and reduce energy consumption.
Applications of Data Science in Urban Planning
Data science can also be applied in urban planning in various ways, including transportation planning, land-use planning, and
environmental planning. One of the most significant applications of data science in urban planning is transportation planning.
Data science techniques can be used to analyze data related to traffic flow, public transportation usage, and travel patterns to
optimize transportation networks and reduce congestion. Another important application of data science in urban planning is in
land-use planning. Data science techniques can be used to analyze data related to population density, housing affordability, and
land availability to help urban planners make informed decisions about land use and zoning.
Benefits of Data Science in Architecture and Urban Planning
Data science has various benefits for architecture and urban planning. Firstly, it can help architects and urban planners make
informed decisions based on data rather than intuition or assumptions. This can lead to more efficient and sustainable buildings
and cities. Secondly, data science can help reduce costs and increase efficiency in building and city management. By collecting
and analyzing data related to building performance and energy consumption, building managers can identify areas for
improvement and optimize building operations.
Reference: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/data-science-architecture-urban-planning-riddhi-sarda
