Life Processes – Fill in the Blanks (Advanced)

Section A: Nutrition (Q1–Q15)

1. The green pigment involved in photosynthesis is called _______.
2. The process by which autotrophs convert solar energy into
chemical energy is called _______.
3. In human digestion, the enzyme _______ in saliva begins the
digestion of starch.
4. The acidic environment in the stomach is created by _______ acid.
5. Protein digestion in the stomach is carried out by the enzyme
_______.
6. The finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase
surface area are called _______.
7. Bile is produced by the _______ and stored in the _______.
8. _______ are microorganisms that help ruminants digest cellulose.
9. The movement of food through the alimentary canal by wave-like
contractions is called _______.
10. The mode of nutrition in fungi is called _______.
11. The simplest form of sugar produced during photosynthesis
is _______.
12. Plants absorb water and minerals from the soil through
_______.
13. The small opening on the underside of leaves for gaseous
exchange is called _______.
14. The enzyme that digests fat in the small intestine is _______.
15. The process of taking in food is called _______, while
breaking it down is called _______.
Section B: Respiration (Q16–Q25)
16. The site of aerobic respiration in cells is the _______.
17. The energy currency of the cell is _______.
18. In the absence of oxygen, glucose is broken down into
_______ or _______.
19. Glycolysis occurs in the _______ of the cell.
20. In aerobic respiration, glucose is completely broken down
into _______ and _______.
21. The flap that covers the windpipe during swallowing is the
_______.
22. The small balloon-like structures in the lungs where gas
exchange occurs are called _______.
23. In humans, the rate of breathing increases in response to
high levels of _______ in the blood.
24. Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells produces _______,
causing cramps.
25. The respiratory pigment in humans that binds with oxygen is
_______.
Section C: Transportation (Q26–Q40)
26. Blood is a _______ tissue that helps in transport.
27. The heart has _______ chambers – two atria and two
ventricles.
28. The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are
called _______.
29. The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is called
the _______ valve.
30. The oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to the heart
by the _______ vein.
31. The tissue that transports water in plants is _______, and
food is transported by _______.
32. The fluid part of blood that transports nutrients and
hormones is _______.
33. The heartbeat is regulated by a natural pacemaker known as
the _______ node.
34. Platelets help in the process of blood _______.
35. The loss of water from plant leaves through evaporation is
called _______.
36. The movement of water in plants is aided by _______ pull
and root pressure.
37. The double-walled sac that encloses the heart is called the
_______.
38. The oxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters the _______
atrium.
39. The largest artery in the human body is the _______.
 40. The vascular tissue responsible for upward transport of
water is _______.
Section D: Excretion (Q41–Q50)
41. The functional unit of the kidney is called a _______.
42. The main nitrogenous waste excreted by humans is _______.
43. The process of filtration of blood in the kidney starts at the
_______.
44. The blood enters the glomerulus through the _______
arteriole.
45. Reabsorption of essential substances occurs in the _______
tubule.
46. The two ureters carry urine from kidneys to the _______.
47. Sweat contains water, salts, and a small amount of _______.
48. The excretory organs in insects are called _______ tubules.
49. In plants, waste products like resins and oils are stored in
_______.
50. Dialysis is used when they _______ are unable to filter
blood.